CN103130566B - Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer - Google Patents
Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103130566B CN103130566B CN201110397076.9A CN201110397076A CN103130566B CN 103130566 B CN103130566 B CN 103130566B CN 201110397076 A CN201110397076 A CN 201110397076A CN 103130566 B CN103130566 B CN 103130566B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- coating
- release
- coating agent
- slow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to an adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber. The adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for the cucumber comprises, by mass, 20%-25% of cementation slow-release fertilizer and 75%-80% of cementation-coated slow release fertilizer. The preparation of the adjustable slow release BB fertilizer comprises the following steps: taking organic materials which are treated harmlessly and stably as a nutrient carrier; adjusting the intensity and the durability of fertilizer supply; adjusting the releasing time of the fertilizer by means of an organic polymer slow-release agent (cementation agents and coating agents), preparing the cementation slow-release fertilizer and the cementation-coated slow release fertilizer which release nutrients at different time period by means of a granular process of an aggregation method and a self-developing coating process; and mixing and combining the cementation fertilizer and the cementation coating fertilizer with different nutrient releasing time segments in proportion by means of the BB fertilizer technology and according to the fertilizer requirement law of each growth period of the cucumber, and therefore, one-time fertilizing can directly satisfy requirement of nutrient fertilizer of crops in each growth period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecotope field, be specifically related to special controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer of a kind of cucumber in greenhouse and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Facilities vegetable is the new industry growing up the nineties in 20th century, and national cultivated area has reached more than 5,000 ten thousand mu.There is the phenomenon of blindly applying fertilizer in China, main manifestations is on facilities vegetable: one, excess fertilising, and the survey showed that, and facilities vegetable rate of fertilizer application generally exceedes 3-5 times of its requirement.Doubly, phosphorus element excess 4-15 doubly for Shijiazhuang District cucumber in greenhouse nitrogen excess 3-6; Two, organic fertilizer application quantity not sufficient, fertilizer amount are large, the annual application of organic fertilizers 120-225t/hm of Shouguang, Shandong facilities vegetable
2(taking chicken manure and pig manure as main), high-concentration compound fertilizer (N-P is all used in 56% greenhouse
2o
5-K
2o=15-15-15), the annual N of greenhouse production, P
2o
5and K
2the average input amount of O reaches respectively 4088,3656 and 3438kg/hm
2; Three, fertilizer nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, and vegetables require the many phosphorus of potassium few, General N: P
2o
5: K
2o assimilation ratio is 1: 0.3-0.5: 1.0-1.5, and applicating ratio is 1: 0.6-1.0: 0.4-0.7.
Analysis to intensive vegetable filed 633 the topsoil soils samples in the whole nation shows, whole nation principal facility horticultural vegetable field soil organic content generally in low-level, soil organic matter content accounts for 34% of total soil sample number lower than the soil sample number of its threshold value (20g/kg), in high-content level (>=40g/kg) is only 12.0%, the factor such as this and organic fertilizer application deficiency, fertilizer amount are large is closely related, should regulate and control and optimize organic and inorganic fertilizer usage ratio.Protected horticultural vegetable field soil nitric nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium accumulate in a large number, and 49% pedotheque nitrate nitrogen content is more than 100mg/kg (high level level), and 32% sample is more than 150mg/kg (high-content level); What soil quick-effective phosphor exceeded 100mg/kg (high level level) accounts for 65%, and what exceed 150mg/kg (high-content level) accounts for 46%; What Soil Available potassium exceeded 200mg/kg (high level level) accounts for 58%, and what exceed 300mg/kg (high-content level) accounts for 38%.The loss of soil phosphorus is the important sources that water systems'phosphorus element pollutes, and more than protected horticultural vegetable field soil available phosphorus contents 100mg/kg, will form the risk of environmental pollution.Because rate of fertilizer application is large, plant recovery of nutrient is low, and a large amount of Nitrogen Leachings, to underground water, cause Nitrate content in ground water (NO
3 -) all exceed 50mg/L, be wherein up to 500mg/L; Soil quick-effective phosphor is a large amount accumulation in soil, and in the time that soil phosphorus is accumulated to certain value, adsorption by soil phosphorus reaches capacity, and the movability of phosphorus increases, and phosphorus has the phenomenon moving down at section.In protected horticultural vegetable field soil, the nitric nitrogen of a large amount and available phosphorus contents have formed serious threat to ecotope.
Cucumber is one of topmost vegetable species in facilities vegetable; be badly in need of wanting special slow release fertilizer, to realize the time lock of protected horticultural vegetable field soil nutrient supply and cucumber nutrition absorption, improve manure resources utilization ratio; protection agroecological environment, the sustainable use of support facility field of vegetables.
In recent years, relevant slow-release fertilizer report mostly is coating urea, and coated material mostly is sulphur and resin etc. and is insoluble in the material of water, and the quality of coated material generally accounts for 10%-20%.Due to the dilution of coated material, product available nutrient content is declined, price is also high simultaneously.As the cost of the sulfur coated urea nitrogen per ton of the U.S. is approximately enhanced about more than once, because price is high, product is used for lawn, flowers, nursery etc.
Felted slow-release fertilizer, adhesive coating type slow-release fertilizer are the new ideas that the measure of applicant's combined process proposes, and developed multiple slow-release material (jointing compound or coating agent), at Chinese patent ZL200410091315.8, a kind of " nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymer as fertilizer cementing coating agent preparation method " disclosed successively; " a kind of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture fertilizer coating cementing agent production method " disclosed at Chinese patent ZL200310116857.1; " a kind of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent production method " disclosed at Chinese patent ZL200410088477.6.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, for solving the problems such as existing utility Vegetable field amount is large, Rate of Organic Fertilizer is not enough and fertilizer nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, manure resources utilization ratio is low, provides the special controllable sustained-release BB of a kind of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer.
The special controllable sustained-release BB of described cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer in mass ratio by 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer forms.
The jointing compound of described felted slow-release fertilizer material is one or more in PVA mixed polymers, hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture, foam plastic mixed polymer; Described cementing-the coating agent of enveloped slow release fertilizer is foam plastic mixed polymer; Described jointing compound and coating agent are nano level-submicron order.
The composition of above-mentioned jointing compound or coating agent and preparation method are composition and the preparation method described in Chinese patent ZL200410091315.8, ZL200310116857.1 and ZL200410088477.6.
Described fertilizer is made up of 30～50% chemical fertilizer butt and 50～70% fertilizer butt by quality.
In described chemical fertilizer, press quality N: P
2o
5: K
2o=0.8～1.2: 0.2～0.5: 1.0～1.5 carry out composite, preferably N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1: for laterally regulate and control nutrient demand, be balance fertilizing at 0.3: 1.1.
Described fertilizer is through innoxious and organic materials stabilization treatment.Innoxious and stabilization is the basic demand of organic fertilizer definition, as biological fermentation processing.For longitudinal conditioned fertilizer product nutrient supply intensity and persistence, be running balance.Wherein, organic content is that 30～60%, pH value is 5.5～6.8 by quality, through drying, pulverize, cross 50～60 mesh sieves.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer, comprises the following steps:
(1) fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are joined and joined by butt quality;
(2) add jointing compound to the fertilizer of step (1) gained, adopt pellet granulation technique to prepare felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(3) add jointing compound to the fertilizer of step (1) gained, adopt pellet granulation technique to prepare felted slow-release fertilizer material, re-use coating agent, felted slow-release fertilizer material is carried out to coating, prepare cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer;
(4) in mass ratio by 20～25% felted slow-release fertilizer material and 75～80% cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer mixes and obtains described controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer.
Step (2), the described granulating method technique of step (3) are taking jointing compound, water, steam and fertilizer solution as granulation liquid phase, prepare felted slow-release fertilizer.Granulating method is the main method of current composite fertilizer processing, and reason is that the base fertilizer major part of China is granular.This method is cohered granulating by means of the liquid phase of water, steam and fertilizer solution composition, relends and helps external force extrusion molding.
The described chemical fertilizer of step (1) is granular base fertilizer, and chemical fertilizer and fertilizer enter granulating system through automatic blending, fragmentation.
The described jointing compound of step (2) and step (3) is heated to 50～60 DEG C while use, is 1～2% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
The described coating agent of step (3) is heated to 50～60 DEG C while use, is 2～3% of step (1) gained fertilizer by its consumption of quality.
The described coating process of step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) preheating: felted slow-release fertilizer material particle surface is preheated to 50～60 DEG C;
(2) coating is dry: the felted slow-release fertilizer material after described preheating is kicked up and formed material curtain through afflux, coating agent is uniformly coated on described material curtain through pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, simultaneously and following current hot gas contact drying, transpiring moisture;
(3) apply powder cooling: the described slow-release fertilizer after coating adopts talcum powder more than 200 orders to apply powder, simultaneously with counter-flow air contact cooling to room temperature;
(4) screening: selecting sieve aperture is that 8～10 orders turn sieve, sieves cooled face powder fertilizer to sieve, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, minus sieve material returns again applies powder.
Described coating process is carried out in encapsulation tool, described encapsulation tool main body is rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell, described cylindrical shell two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed and discharge port, start cylindrical shell be provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and screening district from opening for feed; Described preheating zone and coating drying zone inwall are evenly distributed with " Γ " shape material lifting flights vertically; Described coating drying zone vertically center is provided with for the afflux bed of afflux fertilizer formation material curtain with for spraying the nozzle of atomization coating agent; Described screening district is provided with and turns sieve.
Know-why of the present invention is mainly the demand to fertilizer according to each growth cycle of cucumber.The breeding cycle of cucumber is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In cucumber in greenhouse cultivation, bear fruit from seedling replanting field planting to the 1 inflorescence, be generally about 40 days, be generally about 90 days to all gather (claiming again to uproot plants after their edible portions have been harvested) from bearing fruit.For the ease of joining fertile design, cucumber in greenhouse is divided into two stages breeding time: seedling-flowering period (sit and be called flowering period to the 1st inflorescence fruit from buddingging) and fruiting period (sit extremely and all gather from the 1st inflorescence fruit).Nourishing and growing of cucumber gone forward side by side with reproductive growth, and the time is long, and output is high, and fertilizer requirement is large, and happiness is fertile but not resistance to fertilizer is typical fruits and vegetables melon crop.The output of cucumber in greenhouse is generally 8000-12000kg/ mu and (or uses 666.7m
2represent).From seedling replanting field planting to all gathering in the crops, cucumber generally needs applied nitrogen (in N) 50-70kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer (with P the time of infertility
2o
5meter) 20-30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is (with K
2o meter) 55-75kg/ mu, N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1: 0.3-0.6: 1.1-1.5.Seedling-flowering period, fertilizer requirement accounted for the 20%-25% of whole breeding time of fertilizer requirement, and fruiting period fertilizer requirement accounts for 75%-80%.
Given this, the present invention adopts the technical scheme of controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer ", two kinds of nutrients release different slow release fertilizers of period are carried out to blending combination and obtain the dedicated fertilizer substantially coincideing with cucumber regulation of fertilizer requirement, wherein, felted slow-release fertilizer material accounts for the 20%-25% of total fertilization amount, meet the nutrient demand in cucumber seedling-flowering period, adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer accounts for the 75%-80% of total fertilization amount, meets the nutrient demand of cucumber fruiting period.
Controllable sustained-release BB fertilizer of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, be a kind of slow-release material with special efficacy through organic materials innoxious and stabilization treatment, the carrier of as fertilizer sources nutrient, can conditioned fertilizer product fertilizer providing intensity and persistence.
2, by selecting different water-soluble polymer slow-release material (jointing compound and adhesive coating agent) physical regulating fertilizer nutrient time of releasing, adopt pellet granulation technique to combine with coating process, preparation different time sections discharges the slow release fertilizer of nutrient, adopt BB fertilizer technology, according to the demand percentage of the each growing stage of cucumber in greenhouse to nutrient and intensive vegetable filed soil fertility, taking fertilizer nitrogen (N) element as benchmark, by cementing fertilizer different nutrient-lapsed time section and the blending combination in proportion of adhesive coating fertilizer, form " controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer that nutrient release rate or release period and the each growing stage regulation of fertilizer requirement of cucumber in greenhouse coincide substantially, realize single-dose application and can meet the cucumber in greenhouse nutrient demand in the time of infertility.
3, organic nutrient combines with inorganic nutrients, and nutrient is comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency emergency is helped mutually, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high, both can meet the demand of crop to nutrient, can ensure again the quality of crop, and maintenance of soil fertility does not fail.
4, the melon-fruit-like vegetable regulation of fertilizer requirement such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pimento has its general character, according to the cucumber nutrient uptake feature of each breeding time, by fertile in demand percentage blending combination to cementing fertilizer and adhesive coating, become the special controllable sustained-release BB of the melon-fruit-like vegetable fertilizer such as cucumber, tomato, eggplant, pimento.
Explanation of nouns:
1, slow-release fertilizer: refer to fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen in soil, there is the effect of slow release.At present domestic and international adopted slow-release fertilizer standard be taking nitrogen in 24 hours water initial stage solubility rate and in 48 hours earth pillar drench rate or differential solubility rate as index.Generally acknowledged suggestion refers to that nitrogen more than 20 days starts the fertilizer discharging in soil both at home and abroad.
2, fertilizer: refer to that reaching innoxious forms with stabilization standard, meets a class fertilizer of relevant national standard (NY525-2002) and regulation.Innoxious and stabilization specially refers to the treating processes that various organic wastes adopt physics, chemistry, biology or three to have concurrently, is the process of eliminating objectionable impurities, forming stable organizational structure.
3, organic compound slow-release fertilizer: with the organic materials as fertilizer sources nutrient carrier through innoxious and stabilization treatment, composite chemical fertilizer, and the mixed organic fertilizer with sustained release performance forming by organic polymer slow-release material conditioned fertilizer product nutrient release rate, its product can extend the time of releasing of Nitrogen element, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizer.Nutrient-lapsed time depends on character and the consumption of slow-release material (jointing compound and coating agent).
4, felted slow-release fertilizer: the granulated fertilizer that adopts cementing (bonding) agent with sustained release performance to prepare.
5, cementing-envelope type slow release fertilizer: the granulated fertilizer forming at felted slow-release fertilizer particle surface parcel one deck film forming material (coating agent).The effect of coating agent is to extend the time of releasing of fertilizer nutrient, postpones nutrient and discharges peak period, meets storage simultaneously, transports and use requirement.
6, nitrogen discharge the period: refer to fertilizer nitrogen sometime section in substantially from fertilizer, be released in soil.
7, controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer " technology: BB fertilizer, English is Bulk blendingfertilizer, full name is bulk blended fertilizer in bulk.It is a kind of composite fertilizer that has the blending according to a certain percentage of single fertilizer or compound manure to form several particulate state.Controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer " technology is to use different slow-release material or the slow release fertilizer that adopts different technique to prepare, i.e. the fertilizer nutrient technology that time of releasing, different granulated fertilizers carried out blending combination according to a certain percentage.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the fertile preparation technology's schema of controllable sustained-release BB of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of encapsulation tool of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic cross-section of encapsulation tool of the present invention;
In figure: 1. cylindrical shell; 2. opening for feed; 3. discharge port; 4. material lifting flights; 5. afflux bed; 6. nozzle; 7. axial support; 8. face powder device; 9. turn sieve; 10. powder discharge opening.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The preparation method of the special controllable sustained-release BB of embodiment 1 cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer
1, raw material:
1.1 inorganic fertilizer
(1) urea: containing N46%;
(2) monoammonium phosphate: containing P
2o
545%, containing N11%;
(3) potassium sulfate: containing K
2o 50%;
(4) Repone K: containing K
2o 60%.
1.2 organic raw material
The present embodiment adopts fermentation maturity chicken manure.According to 31 some fermentation test results, calculate by butt, organic content 37.0%-43.8%, pH value 5.5-6.8, through drying, pulverize, cross 50-60 mesh sieve (sieve diameter 0.30-0.25mm).
1.3 auxiliary material
Jointing compound, coating agent, talcum powder.
In general, binder dosage is the 1-2% of fertilizer butt quality; Coating agent is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality; Amount of talc is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality.
2, raw material ginseng is joined
In mass ratio, organic raw material accounts for 50% of fertilizer total amount, and inorganic fertilizer and auxiliary material account for 50%.
In inorganic fertilizer, potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate and Repone K, wherein K
2o respectively accounts for 50%, by N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1: ginseng was joined in 0.3: 1.1.
In finished product fertilizer, the content of chemical fertilizer N is 10%, chemical fertilizer P
2o
5content be 3%, chemical fertilizer K
2the content of O is 11%.
Table 1 slow-release BB fertilizer material raw materials quality (butt)
3, felted slow-release fertilizer material preparation
Adopt pellet granulation technique, jointing compound adds system to be made up of Sandwich pot, force (forcing) pump and the jointing compound atomizing and spraying apparatus of belt stirrer.
Granulation is made up of workshop sections such as automatic blending and granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, metering packings.
(1) first jointing compound is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water be heated to 50-60 DEG C for subsequent use.
(2) granulation: organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, auxiliary material philosophy are delivered in the storage bin in automatic blending workshop section; according to cucumber in greenhouse, the demand percentage (table 1) of nutrient is distinguished to feed in measuring belt scale; in pulverizer, material is carried out to fragmentation mixing by collecting belt feeding; after continuous double shaft mixer carries out secondary stirring mixing, send into rotary drum (or disk) granulator granulation by conveyor again.According to batching system, applicable temperature of charge is 50-80 DEG C, regulates by quantity of steam; Applicable material moisture is 2.5%-6%, adds system to be aided with water feeding system regulate by jointing compound.Jointing compound add-on is 1% of fertilizer butt quality.
(3) finished product after granulation is through oven dry, cooling, screening workshop section, and the finished product of particle diameter in standard allowed band is felted slow-release fertilizer material.The preferred 2-5mm of particle diameter, large and small returning charge is returned and is collected conveyor granulation again after fragmentation.
4, adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer preparation
Above-mentioned felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product is entered to coating workshop section through rotary conveyor, with coating agent parcel, be cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer.Its technical process is as follows:
4.1 encapsulation tool (seeing Fig. 2)
(1) equipment body: be rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell 1, cylindrical shell 1 two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed 2 and discharge port 3, starts cylindrical shell from opening for feed 2 and is provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and screening district.
Wherein, preheating zone is for the preheating of described cementing fertilizer, and the fertilizer of coating drying zone after to preheating is coated with coating with dry, and face powder cooling zone is for the face powder of fertilizer after coating with cooling, and sieve for fertilizer after applying powder in screening district, fine powder reuse under sieve.
At present, in existing preheating, dry industry, all adopt and hot gas Contact Heating mode, as the hot furnace gas of fire coal, oil, Sweet natural gas etc.
Preheating zone and coating drying zone cylinder inboard wall are evenly distributed with multiple " Γ " shape material lifting flights 4 vertically, and when cylindrical shell rotation, material lifting flights can be kicked up fertilizer with cylindrical shell rotation.Coating drying zone is also provided with that the fertilizer kicked up for afflux forms the afflux bed 5 of material curtain and for spraying the nozzle 6 of atomization coating agent, the flat board of described afflux bed 5 for tilting, fertilizer is kicked up in cylindrical shell by material lifting flights, after afflux bed, can form material curtain uniformly in dropping process; Described nozzle 6 is connected with the device that stores coating agent, in order to spray the coating agent after atomization on fertilizer material curtain.Afflux bed and nozzle are arranged on cylindrical shell center vertically, for example, can be fixed on an axial support 7.The cylindrical shell sectional view of coating drying zone as shown in Figure 3.
Be coated with and be dried and synchronously carry out, the present embodiment adopts coal fuel heating furnace gas heat drying mode, the moisture that the agent of evaporation coating is brought into.
Face powder cooling zone is provided with face powder device 8, and face powder device is the common device in this area.The cooling various ways that also can adopt after face powder, as air cooling, oil cooling etc., the present embodiment adopts cooling air mode.
Screening district is provided with and turns sieve 9, described in turn sieve screen-aperture be 8-10 order.Screening district is also provided with powder discharge opening.
(2) auxiliary facility: the nozzle 6 of coating drying zone is connected with the coating agent storage tank outside coating cylinder cylindrical shell, the Sandwich pot that coating agent storage tank is belt stirrer.Between coating agent storage tank and nozzle, being provided with pressurizing atomizing device, being made up of pressure pump (pressure >=0.4Mpa), valve, under meter etc., is all the common apparatus of this area.
4.2 cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer preparation process
(1) coating agent pre-treatment: coating agent is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water and be heated to 50-60 DEG C.
(2) coating coating: particle diameter 2-5mm felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product enters in encapsulation tool by opening for feed through rotary conveyor, and described fertilizer is introduced into preheating zone preheating, makes fertiliser granulates surface heating to 50-60 DEG C; Enter coating drying zone through the fertilizer of preheating, kick up and import afflux bed by the material lifting flights that is positioned at this district and form material curtain, coating agent is uniformly coated on described material curtain by nozzle ejection after pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, contact with the hot furnace gas of following current and evaporates the moisture that coating agent is brought into simultaneously; Fertilizer after coating enters face powder cooling zone, adopts talcum powder more than 200 orders to apply powder by face powder device, simultaneously with the cold air flow contact cooling passing into room temperature; What the cooled fertilizer of face powder was entered to screening district turns sieve, crosses 8～10 mesh sieves, and undersize material is discharged and returned to re-using by powder discharge opening, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, and discharged by discharge port.
5, the preparation of the special controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer
Account for 20% of whole breeding time of fertilizer requirement according to cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer requirement in seedling-flowering period, fruiting period accounts for 80% and calculates.Rate of fertilizer application is in chemical fertilizer N, calculates by 50-70kgN/ mu, and the organic compound slow release fertilizer of felted accounts for 20%, the organic compound slow release fertilizer of adhesive coating type accounts for 80% ratio and carries out blending combination, becomes the special controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
1, felted and cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer
Adopt embodiment 1 production method, taking equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung as raw material, obtain following 6 kinds of slow release fertilizers, be respectively:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material;
(4), cementing, the foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers;
(5) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture;
(6) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer.
2, controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer "
Adopt controllable sustained-release " BB fertilizer " technology, obtain following 3 kinds of slow release fertilizers, be respectively:
The nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers of cementing fertilizer+80% of (1) 20% nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers is cementing, foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer;
Cementing fertilizer+80% nano level of (2) 20% nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer;
Cementing fertilizer+80% nanometer-submicron level of (3) 20% nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer.
3, felted and cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer discharge the period at Nitrogen In Soils element
Red soil (the 70%-80% that soil water content is maxmun field capacity recommends properly qualified persons for service for the selection brown moisture soil of Changping County, Beijing and Jiangxi Province; Temperature: 15 DEG C-25 DEG C).Taking urea as contrast, nitrogen discharges more than 98% and is converted into nitric nitrogen in soil in 2 weeks.It is as follows that different cementing type and adhesive coating type slow release fertilizer nitrogen discharge the period:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: after being manured into soil, 30-80d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer: after being manured into soil, 50-80d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer: after being manured into soil, 40-90d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
(4) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers: after being manured into soil, 100-150d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
(5) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertilizer of nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture: after being manured into soil, 100-150d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
(6) cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer envelope type slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer: after being manured into soil, 100-150d nitrogen discharges more than 98%;
Because temperature in facility plastic greenhouse is high, high humidity, fertilizer nutrient release rate and above-mentioned test-results have certain gap, when application, need proofread and correct according to manure trial.
4, manure trial
(1) test site and soil overview
Tested in 2009 and carry out in the winter warm type big shack of Xiqing District, Tianjin, soil is moisture soil, and quality is medium loam.Soil organic matter content 2.5%, nitric nitrogen (N) 186.2mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P
2o
5) 285.0mg/kg, available potassium (K
2o) 404.0mg/kg.Community area 20m
2(4m × 5m), repeats 3 times.February 25 survival after transplant cucumber seedling.
(2) fertilizer
Fertilizer raw material: fermentation maturity chicken manure, total amount of organic (calculating by air dried basis) is 40.4%.
Chemical fertilizer raw material: urea, containing N 46%; Monoammonium phosphate, containing P
2o
545%, N 11%; Potassium sulfate, containing K
2o 50%; N: P
2o
5: K
2o=1: 0.3: 1.1.By chemical fertilizer N amount, every mu of amount of application is 60kgN, and contrast, except not applying fertilizer blank, is also provided with equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung control treatment.
(3) test-results
With the comparison of equivalent NPK chemical fertilizer+equivalent Chicken dung control treatment:
(1) nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 7.5%-8.2%;
(2) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 8.6%-10.2%;
(3) nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material volume increase 9.1%-10.3%;
The nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers of cementing fertilizer+80% of (4) 20% nanometer-submicron level PVA mixed polymers is cementing, foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer volume increase 18.5%-20.4%;
Cementing fertilizer+80% nano level of (5) 20% nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture hydroxyethyl methylacrylate mixture is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer volume increase 20.2%-22.4%;
Cementing fertilizer+80% nanometer-submicron level of (6) 20% nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer Envelope type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer volume increase 23.8%-24.5%;
Test-results,, for to use cementing fertilizer or the effect of increasing production of adhesive coating fertilizer to cucumber separately, amplification is within 7.5%-10.3% scope to process (1) (2) (3).Processing (4) (5) (6) is cementing fertilizer and the adhesive coating fertilizer blending combination fertilizer of 20%: 80% in proportion, and amount of increase in production is larger, and amplification is within the scope of 18.5%-24.5%.
Cucumber in greenhouse rate of fertilizer application in the time of infertility also will be considered intensive vegetable filed soil fertility.Formulate different fertilising strategies for the different fertility states of field of vegetables: high fertility soil, reduces fertilising; Medium fertility soil, maintenance fertilising; Low fertility soil, suitably enriches fertilizer.
Although above used general explanation, embodiment and experiment, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for the special controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1), raw material:
1.1) inorganic fertilizer
(1) urea: containing N46%;
(2) monoammonium phosphate: containing P
2o
545%, containing N11%;
(3) potassium sulfate: containing K
2o50%;
(4) Repone K: containing K
2o60%;
1.2) organic raw material
Adopt fermentation maturity chicken manure; According to 31 some fermentation test results, calculate by butt, organic content 37.0%-43.8%, pH value 5.5-6.8, through drying, pulverize, cross 50-60 mesh sieve, sieve diameter 0.30-0.25mm;
1.3) auxiliary material
Jointing compound, coating agent, talcum powder; Described jointing compound is foam plastic mixed polymer; Described coating agent is foam plastic mixed polymer; Described jointing compound and coating agent are nano level-submicron order;
Binder dosage is the 1-2% of fertilizer butt quality; Coating agent is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality; Amount of talc is the 2-3% of fertilizer butt quality;
2), raw material ginseng is joined
In mass ratio, organic raw material accounts for 50% of fertilizer total amount, and inorganic fertilizer and auxiliary material account for 50%;
In inorganic fertilizer, potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate and Repone K, and wherein potassium sulfate is containing K
2o50%; Repone K is containing K
2o60%, by N:P
2o
5: K
2o=1:0.3:1.1 ginseng is joined;
In finished product fertilizer, the content of chemical fertilizer N is 10%, chemical fertilizer P
2o
5content be 3%, chemical fertilizer K
2the content of O is 11%;
3), the cementing fertile preparation of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer
Adopt pellet granulation technique, jointing compound adds system to be made up of Sandwich pot, force (forcing) pump and the jointing compound atomizing and spraying apparatus of belt stirrer;
Granulation is made up of automatic blending and granulation, oven dry, cooling, screening, metering packing workshop section;
(1) first jointing compound is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water be heated to 50-60 DEG C for subsequent use;
(2) granulation: organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, auxiliary material are delivered to respectively in the storage bin in automatic blending workshop section, according to cucumber in greenhouse, the demand percentage of nutrient is distinguished to feed in measuring belt scale, in pulverizer, material is carried out to fragmentation mixing by collecting belt feeding, after continuous double shaft mixer carries out secondary stirring mixing, send into rotary drum or granulating disc granulation by conveyor again; According to batching system, applicable temperature of charge is 50-80 DEG C, regulates by quantity of steam; Applicable material moisture is 2.5%-6%, adds system to be aided with water feeding system regulate by jointing compound; Jointing compound add-on is 1% of fertilizer butt quality;
(3) finished product after granulation is through oven dry, cooling, screening workshop section, and the finished product of particle diameter in standard allowed band is felted slow-release fertilizer material; Large and small returning charge is returned and is collected conveyor granulation again after fragmentation;
4), cementing, the nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer of nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer preparation
Above-mentioned felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product is entered to coating workshop section through rotary conveyor, with coating agent parcel, be cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer; Its technical process is as follows:
4.1) encapsulation tool
(1) equipment body: be rotatable cylindric cylindrical shell (1), cylindrical shell (1) two ends are respectively equipped with opening for feed (2) and discharge port (3), start cylindrical shell be provided with successively preheating zone, coating drying zone, face powder cooling zone and screening district from opening for feed (2);
Wherein, preheating zone is for the preheating of described cementing fertilizer, and the fertilizer of coating drying zone after to preheating is coated with coating with dry, and face powder cooling zone is for the face powder of fertilizer after coating with cooling, and sieve for fertilizer after applying powder in screening district, fine powder reuse under sieve;
Preheating zone and coating drying zone cylinder inboard wall are evenly distributed with multiple " Γ " shape material lifting flights vertically, and when cylindrical shell rotation, material lifting flights can be kicked up fertilizer with cylindrical shell rotation; Coating drying zone is also provided with that the fertilizer kicked up for afflux forms the afflux bed of material curtain and for spraying the nozzle of atomization coating agent, described afflux bed is the flat board tilting, fertilizer is kicked up in cylindrical shell by material lifting flights, after afflux bed, can form material curtain uniformly in dropping process; Described nozzle is connected with the device that stores coating agent, in order to spray the coating agent after atomization on fertilizer material curtain; Afflux bed and nozzle are arranged on cylindrical shell center vertically;
Be coated with and be dried and synchronously carry out, adopt coal fuel heating furnace gas heat drying mode, the moisture that the agent of evaporation coating is brought into;
Face powder cooling zone is provided with face powder device, adopts cooling air mode after face powder;
Screening district is provided with and turns sieve, described in turn sieve screen-aperture be 8-10 order; Screening district is also provided with powder discharge opening;
(2) auxiliary facility: the nozzle of coating drying zone is connected with the coating agent storage tank outside coating cylinder cylindrical shell, the Sandwich pot that coating agent storage tank is belt stirrer; Between coating agent storage tank and nozzle, be provided with pressurizing atomizing device, by pressure pump, pressure >=0.4Mpa, valve, under meter composition;
4.2) cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer preparation process
(1) coating agent pre-treatment: coating agent is squeezed in Sandwich pot with pressure pump, pass into circulating hot water and be heated to 50-60 DEG C;
(2) coating coating: particle diameter 2-5mm felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product enters in encapsulation tool by opening for feed through rotary conveyor, and described fertilizer is introduced into preheating zone preheating, makes fertiliser granulates surface heating to 50-60 DEG C; Enter coating drying zone through the fertilizer of preheating, kick up and import afflux bed by the material lifting flights that is positioned at this district and form material curtain, coating agent is uniformly coated on described material curtain by nozzle ejection after pressurizing atomizing, and on particle surface even film forming, contact with the hot furnace gas of following current and evaporates the moisture that coating agent is brought into simultaneously; Fertilizer after coating enters face powder cooling zone, adopts talcum powder more than 200 orders to apply powder by face powder device, simultaneously with the cold air flow contact cooling passing into room temperature; What the cooled fertilizer of face powder was entered to screening district turns sieve, crosses 8～10 mesh sieves, and undersize material is discharged and returned to re-using by powder discharge opening, on-the-sieve material be described cementing-enveloped slow release fertilizer, and discharged by discharge port;
5), the preparation of the special controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer
Account for 20% of whole breeding time of fertilizer requirement according to cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer requirement in seedling-flowering period, fruiting period accounts for 80% and calculates, rate of fertilizer application is in chemical fertilizer N, pressing 50-70kgN/ mu calculates, cementing fertilizer+80% nanometer-submicron level of 20% nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer foam plastic mixed polymer is cementing, nanometer-submicron level foam plastic mixed polymer enveloped slow release fertilizer, becomes the special controllable sustained-release BB of cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110397076.9A CN103130566B (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110397076.9A CN103130566B (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103130566A CN103130566A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
| CN103130566B true CN103130566B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
Family
ID=48491077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110397076.9A Active CN103130566B (en) | 2011-12-02 | 2011-12-02 | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103130566B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103694035B (en) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-08-19 | 沃太能源南通有限公司 | The preparation method of a kind of slow release type cucumber soil-less culturing nutrient agent |
| CN103772005A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-05-07 | 当涂县科辉商贸有限公司 | Fertilizer prepared by fermenting chicken manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN104211496A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2014-12-17 | 六安市农百万种业有限公司 | Organic fertilizer with water retention suitable for cucumber plantation, and its preparation method |
| CN104291933A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2015-01-21 | 武汉中农国际贸易有限公司 | Special fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables |
| CN106396919A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing controlled-release fertilizer for melon and fruit crop |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20030058804A (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-07 | 조영진 | The manufacturing and coating methods of Chitosan agent for slow-releasing fertilizer |
| CN100436381C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2008-11-26 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for winter wheat |
| CN100436382C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2008-11-26 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for summer corn |
| CN100494123C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2009-06-03 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice |
| CN1279095C (en) * | 2004-11-03 | 2006-10-11 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Nano-micron foam plastic mixed polymer fertilizer adhesive coating agent preparation method |
| CN100363310C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing mixed high-concentration slow-release fertilizer |
| CN100363311C (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2008-01-23 | 中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for producing slow-release and release control fertilizer for tomatoes |
| CN101357867B (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2011-05-11 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Humic acid membrane wrapping control-releasing fertilizer |
| CN101759498B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-04-03 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Degradable controlled release fertilizer |
-
2011
- 2011-12-02 CN CN201110397076.9A patent/CN103130566B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103130566A (en) | 2013-06-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102838413B (en) | Ternary slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103664301B (en) | Tower-type melt granulation water-soluble fertilizer containing fulvic acid potassium macroelement and preparation method for fertilizer | |
| CN101429072B (en) | Humic acid composite slow release fertilizer and producing method thereof | |
| CN102515943B (en) | Ecological nutritional compound fertilizer, and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN102826890B (en) | Efficient polymorphous fertilizer special for vegetables and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103204729A (en) | Composite fertilizer comprising chitin, humic acid, and middle and trace elements | |
| CN100348553C (en) | Method of preparing NPK composite fertilizer using straw ash | |
| CN106977277A (en) | Potassium polyphosphate corn slow-release fertilizer and its production method | |
| CN104496705A (en) | Fulvic acid potassium-containing total-nutrient fertilizer for special purpose of potatoes and production method thereof | |
| CN104557222A (en) | Soil testing and formulated fertilizer specially used for peanut and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102503731A (en) | Long-acting slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103130566B (en) | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer | |
| CN103980057A (en) | Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for silkworm trees | |
| CN101020581B (en) | Seed manure specially for corn and its production process | |
| CN108285401A (en) | Special base fertilising of cotton for western drought-hit area and the preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN104609973A (en) | Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for peanut and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101717291B (en) | Instant fragrant water-flush compound fertilizer and preparation method | |
| CN105272469A (en) | Ecological organic composite fertilizer | |
| CN102910979B (en) | Biological organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer prepared from amino acid multi-element chelate by utilizing ricin and preparation method of biological organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer | |
| CN107500921A (en) | A kind of process of high tower production nitric fulvic acid composite fertilizer and its composite fertilizer | |
| CN103980055A (en) | Special organic/inorganic compound fertilizer for tobacco | |
| CN106748016A (en) | A kind of production method of wheat special controlled release seed dressing composite fertilizer | |
| CN109279960A (en) | A kind of wheat and corn coating controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106995325A (en) | A kind of special fertilizer for Chinese goosebeery and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104829396A (en) | Humic acid controlled release blended fertilizer dedicated for corn |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |