CN100436381C - Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for winter wheat - Google Patents
Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN100436381C CN100436381C CNB2004100884780A CN200410088478A CN100436381C CN 100436381 C CN100436381 C CN 100436381C CN B2004100884780 A CNB2004100884780 A CN B2004100884780A CN 200410088478 A CN200410088478 A CN 200410088478A CN 100436381 C CN100436381 C CN 100436381C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a slow release fertilizer or a controlled release fertilizer developed for winter wheat, which belongs to a novel fertilizer. The present inventin adopts a cementing agent and a coated cementing agent which belong to self-developed water-solubility slow-release agents; the agents are prepared into a cementing slow release fertilizer and a coated cementing slow release fertilizer which can release nutrients during different time quantums; by the technology of different speeds for different particles, the releasing time intervals or the releasing rate of the fertilizer basically synchronizes with the rule of nutrients required of the different growth periods of winter wheat, namely that the nutrient requirement of winter wheat for the whole growth period can be satisfied for single-dose application.
Description
The invention belongs to agricultural, ecotope field.
Some special terms involved in the present invention limit following implication:
1, slow-release fertilizer: refer to fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen in soil, have the effect of slow release.At present the domestic and international slowly-releasing standard that adopts be with nitrogen in 24 hours the water solubility rate and in 48 hours earth pillar drench rate or the differential solubility rate is an index, in the field unified standard is not arranged as yet.With domestic several famous fertilizer expert discussion results (index for reference only), fertilizer nitrogen (soil moisture content be maxmun field capacity 70%～80%) time of releasing in soil is more than 20 days, can be called slow release fertilizer.
2, felted slow-release fertilizer: adopt the granulated fertilizer of gluing (bonding) the agent preparation with sustained release performance, the nutrient in this fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) slowly discharges in soil, and nutrient length time of releasing depends on the character of gluing (bonding) agent.
3, envelope type slow release fertilizer: employing can be wrapped in urea or compound (mixing) fertile particle surface by film forming material (claiming the coating agent again), makes fertilizer nitrogen have the effect of slow release, and time of releasing, length depended on the character of coated fertilizer and the thickness of coating.
4, coating felted slow-release fertilizer: wrap up a skim again and the slow release fertilizer that forms at the felted slow-release fertilizer particle surface, thereby prolonged the time of releasing of fertilizer nutrient.
5, nitrogen discharges the period: refer to that fertilizer nitrogen is being released in the soil from fertilizer in the section sometime basically.
6, different grain speed change: so-called different grain speed change is that the granulated fertilizer with different cementing agent and coating cementing agent production makes up and even blend in proportion, and different fertilizer particulate nutrient release rate in this Fertilizer Combination (or discharging period) is different.
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer present situation and problem
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is a kind of novel form fertilizer, because fertilizer nutrient particularly fertilizer nitrogen slowly discharges in soil, has improved crop to the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio, reduces turnover rate, be subjected to the attention of countries in the world, particularly developed country and quicken the research of such fertilizer.But all Envelope type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizers all belong to the slow release fertilizer category both at home and abroad at present, do not reach controlled release as yet, and nutrient release rate and crop regulation of fertilizer requirement are inconsistent basically.There is following problem in coated fertilizer:
(1) external coated fertilizer needs special jet flow laminarization bed apparatus, and cost is higher, the running cost height, and also industrial scale is less, produces per year below 10,000 tons; (2) coated fertilizer need be used organic solvent dissolution and dilution, and organic solvent reclaims not exclusively, the raw materials cost height; (3) thermoplastic resin is slow in degraded in soil, pollutes; (4) from technical standpoint, the slow-release fertilizer nutrient that each coated fertilizer parcel is produced discharges and has only a peak period, and the crop regulation of fertilizer requirement generally has 2 above peak periods, slow-release fertilizer discharges the peak if will form 2 above nutrients, necessary multilayer coating, and difficulty is bigger on technology, increase cost economically, the plant husbandry particularly food crop output value is not high, if fertilizer price height can't use on food crop; (5) coated fertilizer mainly is a urea at present, and kind is single, and other nutrient still needs to use by the crop demand, and the labour saves less.
Purpose of the present invention
With the felted and the coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of different periods release nutrients, by " different grain speed change " technology, by winter wheat each growth and development stage nutrient (N, P
2O
5, K
2O) demand percentage makes up and is blended into the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of winter wheat.
Detailed description of the present invention
1, winter wheat each of nutrient demand characteristics breeding time
Winter wheat is divided into three phases breeding time: emerge to the jointing stage, jointing was eared to the ripening stage to heading stage.From the angle of nutrient, particularly nitrogen release is few more good more for winter low temperature phase nutrient, and the back pouring of avoiding surviving the winter causes nutrient loss when turning green water.Therefore, winter wheat is reclassified as following three periods breeding time from the angle of fertilising: winter early stage, turn green to jointing stage, jointing to the ripening stage, three phases is roughly 20%: 25%: 55% to the demand percentage of nitrogen; The plain demand percentage of phosphorus is roughly: 15%: 15%: 70%; The potash fertilizer demand percentage is roughly 17.5%: 16%: 66.5%.The common rule is to be winter wheat absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium peak period in jointing to the ripening stage.The ratio of winter wheat absorbed nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus, potassium total amount is: N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.4～0.5: 1.5～2.The winter wheat growing area mainly is distributed in the Yellow River and Huai He River sea plain and the Yangtze valley on the south the Great Wall, generally speaking, winter wheat is planted regional nitrogen starved plot, lacks phosphorus, the potassium relative content is higher, the peak period that winter wheat absorbs phosphorus, potassium be jointing to the ripening stage, temperature is higher when the time comes, it is more that soil discharges the amount of phosphorus, potassium, therefore, slow/controlled release fertilizer mainly is the release of control nitrogen.
2, declare the previous work of this patent
2.1 developed 7 kinds of gluing (bonding) agent and coating cementing agents with different sustained release performances
(1) adhesive for granulating mixed organic fertilizer CF2 (application number: 02123522.8, publication number: CN1390812A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002);
(2) nano level humic acids mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02123975.4, publication number: CN1390877A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 11st, 2002);
(3) nano level waste plastic-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02125678.0, publication number: CN1388169A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002);
(4) nano level clay-polyester mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02126009.5, publication number: CN1414033A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on August 9th, 2002);
(5) nano level sulfonated lignin mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02149247.6, publication number: CN1417173A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on November 11st, 2002);
(6) nano level alkenes compounds-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 200310116857.2, publication number: CN1546543A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on December 1st, 2003);
Its production method is:
The hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion preparation
The liquid hydroxyethyl methylacrylate of selecting chemical plant, Dongguang, Beijing to produce, add the goldfish board dish detergent solution that Beijing goldfish Science and Technology Co., Ltd. produces, add-on 10%～15% promptly generates water-soluble hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion fully after stirring.
The acrylonitrile emulsion preparation
The propylene liquid nitrile of selecting chemical plant, Dongguang, Beijing to produce adds the emulsification of tensio-active agent tween 20, add-on 5%～10%, after stirring, add goldfish board dish detergent solution, add-on 10%～15% promptly generates the vinyl cyanide aqueous emulsion after mixing.
The preparation of cross-linking starch solution (seeing the 02125678.0 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002)
1. starch pasting: with cold water starch (wheat, corn, potato) is disperseed (starch concentration is 15%～20%), under agitation heat 60～90 ℃ of (look starch kind difference, temperature is variant slightly) gelatinizations 1 hour, be cooled to room temperature (20～35 ℃) again.
2. cross-linking starch: transfer pH to 2.0～3.0 with sulfuric acid, slowly add 40% industrial formol again, add-on is 0.7%～0.8% of an amount of starch, is warming up to about 40 ℃, stirs 30～60min.The cooling back adds ammoniacal liquor and transfers about pH to 7 unnecessary formaldehyde and NH
3React.
Nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch mixes the polymers preparation
Hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion, vinyl cyanide emulsion, cross-linking starch solution are put into High shear device (seeing the application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002) respectively, volumetric ratio is 1: 1: 2, high-shear 5～10min under 30,000 r/min speed, promptly generate nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch micelle and mix polywater solution, or claim nano level alkenes compounds-starch to mix polymers.
(7) paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion
Its production method is: solid paraffin (choosing low-melting paraffin) heating adds paraffin emulsifier RZB201 (paraffin quality 15%～25%) in the fusing back more than 50 ℃, stir, generate the paraffin paste, add water (paraffin quality 5 times), high-speed stirring (20,000 rev/mins) generated paraffin wax emulsions about 10 minutes.Add talcum powder (or kaolin then, cross 300 mesh sieve holes, sieve diameter is equivalent to 0.053～0.04mm, add-on be the paraffin quality 20%～30%), high-speed stirring (20,000 rev/mins) was paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion about 10 minutes.
2.2 felted and coating felted slow-release fertilizer nitrogen in soil discharges the period
Adopt brown moisture soil in Changping, Beijing and the Jiangxi Province red soil of recommending properly qualified persons for service, it is as follows that different cementing and coating felted slow-release fertilizer material nitrogen discharge the period:
(1) urea (contrast): discharge more than 98% in 2 all inherent soil and be converted into nitric nitrogen;
(2) paraffin mixed emulsion coating urea: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 10～50 days;
(3) organic compound fertilizer pelletizing adhesive (CF2) felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 30～80 days;
(4) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 50～100 days;
(5) sulfonated lignin mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 50～90 days:
(6) alkenes compounds-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 50～80 days;
(7) waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 80～130 days;
(8) humic acids mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 50～100 days;
(9) CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 100～150 days;
Each department can be different with soil physical and chemical property according to raw material sources, select above-mentioned slow release fertilizer with suiting measures to local conditions and make up blending in proportion.
2.3 winter wheat manure trial
2.3.1 for examination soil
Changping, Beijing " national brown moisture soil soil fertility and fertilizer benefit monitoring base ", the soil texture is the aleuritic texture loam, has planted the 2 years even ground of millet before the test.Soil organic matter content 1.2%, full nitrogen 0.888gkg
-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 76.43gkg
-1, rapid available phosphorus 4.12gkg
-1, available potassium 90gkg
-1
2.3.2 rate of fertilizer application
Sub-district area 20m
2, repeat slow-release compound fertilizer N-P 3 times
2O
5-K
2O=15%-7.5%-15% by the N amount, uses 10kgN for every mu, contrasts to waiting N, P, K nutrient chemical fertilizer.Wheat breed: capital 9428.
2.3.3 test-results (test-results in 2 years)
Compare with grade N, P, K chemical fertilizer:
(1) volume increase of CF2 felted fertilizer 12.06%～15.0%;
(2) sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted fertilizer volume increase 10.54%～12.75%;
(3) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted fertilizer volume increase 15.8%～20.27%;
(4) humic acids mixes polymers felted fertilizer volume increase 14.65%～17.83%;
(5) alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted fertilizer volume increase 13.42%～15.85%;
(6) plastics-starch mixes polymers felted fertilizer volume increase 22.53%～27.48%;
The glued fertile N+55%CF2 gluing of (7) 20% paraffin-talcum powder coated urea N+25%CF2, plastics-starch mix polymers Envelope type fertilizer N mix type slow-release fertilizer volume increase 26.65%～35.43%.
Test-results is a benchmark with the nitrogen, and 20% paraffin-talcum powder coated urea N+25%CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer N+55% plastics-starch mixes polymers Envelope type fertilizer N (CF
-2Glued back coating) handles the amount of increase in production maximum.
3, key problem in technology of the present invention
(1) has gluing (bonding) agent and the coating cementing agent production method of different sustained release performances
Developed the production method that CF2 gluing (bonding) agent, clay-polyester mixed polymer coating cementing agent, sulfonated lignin mix polymers coating cementing agent, the mixed polymers coating cementing agent of alkenes compounds-starch, the mixed polymers coating cementing agent of humic acids, waste plastic-starch mixed polymers coating cementing agent, paraffin-talcum powder or kaolin mixed emulsion.
(2) glued (bonding) type and coating felted slow-release fertilizer production method
Use fertilizer adhesive agent and coating cementing agent, produce the production method of glued (bonding) type of series (discharging the period difference) and coating felted slow-release fertilizer material.
(3) " different grain speed change " nutrient slow/controlled release technology
According to the winter wheat different growing to nutrient demand ratio (is benchmark with N), the slow release fertilizer that different time sections is discharged nutrient makes up even blend in proportion, become nutrient and discharge different slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of period, promptly so-called " different grain speed change " nutrient slow/controlled release technology.The every growing stage of winter wheat, corresponding just have a kind of slow-release fertilizer to begin to discharge nutrient, forms three nutrients and discharge the peak period, identical substantially to the nutrient demand amount three breeding times with winter wheat.
4, main technique route
4.1 accompanying drawing 1 is seen in technical process.
4.2 operational path
Operational path of the present invention comprises three parts, the one, and the preparation of felted slow-release fertilizer material, the 2nd, the preparation of coating felted slow-release fertilizer material, the 3rd, the preparation of " different grain speed change " special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of type winter wheat.
4.2.1 felted slow-release fertilizer material manufacturing technique
4.2.1.1 raw material is prepared
(1) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer raw material: nitrogen is selected urea for use, and phosphorus is selected monoammonium phosphate for use, and potassium is selected Repone K or vitriolate of tartar for use.Pulverized 60～70 mesh sieve holes, sieve diameter is equivalent to 0.25～0.21mm;
(2) auxiliary material: 100 mesh sieve holes are dried, pulverized to weathered coal.
(3) selection of jointing compound and dilution: select jointing compound to need to suit measures to local conditions according to the local raw material supply situation.Jointing compound dilution: the optimum concentration range in the time of when test run, at first should findding out the agent of different material use different cementing.In above-mentioned jointing compound, except paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion diluted 5 times (in paraffin), other generally was diluted with water to 1%～2%.During thin up, need to stir with agitator.
4.2.1.2 raw material mixes
Breeding time nutrient demand and fertilizer material nutrient content are taken by weighing raw material in proportion by winter wheat, on the higher relatively North China of potassium content, northwest winter wheat district soil, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.5～1; (quick-acting K＜the 100mgkg of soil on potassium deficiency soil
-1) N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 1～1.5.Abundant mixing in the asymmetric double spiral mixer adds the jointing compound after diluting again.The jointing compound add-on: by the fertilizer butt, glued (bonding) agent add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a fertilizer quality.
4.2.1.3 granulation
Add glued (bonding) agent aqueous solution and mix after material deliver to granulation in pelletizing disks or the rotary drum granulator through rotary conveyor, if water deficient, can be additional on demand by the industrial water purification spray line in material top in material top or the rotary drum in the disk.
4.2.1.4 it is dry
Rotary conveyor with granulation after fertilizer send in the rotary drying drum, along with the rotation of drying cylinder, also be again granulation process, carry out the drying process of fertiliser granulates.
4.2.1.5 screening
Directly send rolling screen or reciprocating vibration sieve after the fertiliser granulates drying to, be returning charge, re-use through pulverizing less than the powder thing of 1mm with greater than the macrobead of 5mm.
4.2.1.6 waxing is scraped
Granulated fertilizer after will sieving with travelling belt is delivered to disk or rotating cylinder (among the Φ 1400 * 8000mm), rotation on one side, (the spray painting paraffin-talcum powder mixed emulsion of pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), all moistening to fertiliser granulates, consumption is 1%～2% of a fertilizer quality in pressurization on one side.Use 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings at last, paraffin and talcum powder combine together, and the cooling back forms the smooth wax shell with certain intensity on the fertiliser granulates surface, is felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product.
4.2.2 coating felted slow-release fertilizer material manufacturing technique
With above-mentioned granulation, drying and screening and the waxing glued fertilizer of scraping is coating felted slow-release fertilizer material again with the coating cementing agent parcel.
The slow-release compound fertilizer coating carries out (the coating rotating cylinder is seen accompanying drawing 2) in the coating rotating cylinder of Design and Machining voluntarily, mainly by forming with the lower section:
(1) coating cementing agent pretreatment unit: be 1M
3The Sandwich pot of belt stirrer feeds circulating hot water and is heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃ between interlayer, coating cementing agent is squeezed in the jar with pressure pump, and thin up is to coating cementing agent content 5%～8%.
(2) pressurized spray device: with pressure pump pressurization, pressure 〉=0.4Mpa, 5～10 microns of nozzle bores.
(3) rotation coating tube: drum diameter 1500mm, long 8000mm, be divided into two sections, preceding half section is the coating chamber, and the second half section is the face powder kiln, the 4000mm place is welded with a semicircle baffle in the middle of inwall, high 100mm, inwall also are welded with 12 row's material lifting flightss, the long 250～300mm of material lifting flights, high 150mm is staggered.Coating tube feeding end puts in a pipe along axis direction, pipe end vertical axis direction is welded with coating cementing agent spray line (stainless steel tube), long 800mm, diameter are 25mm, 2 shower nozzles are installed at the pipe two ends, nozzle bore 5～10 μ m, coating cementing agent is diluted with water to 5%～8%, (in the ascending pipe of pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), is vaporific sprinkling (seeing accompanying drawing 2) by pressure pump.The coating cementing agent consumption is 1%～2% of a fertilizer butt quality.
(4) coating operation: A, start the coating rotating cylinder; B, with the belt hauler the glued slow-release fertilizer of the rounded grain of the above-mentioned NPK of containing is sent into the coating rotating cylinder, because the turning effort of cylinder, a flight is kicked up fertiliser granulates in the tube in cylinder; C, start the pressurized spray device, the coating agent is vaporific and contacts with the fertiliser granulates of kicking up that rolls, and with its surface wettability, forms certain thickness coating; D, put in a face powder pipe from coating rotating cylinder exit end, fertilizer behind the coating enters the face powder chamber after crossing the middle barrier of cylinder, fertiliser granulates and talcum powder that rolling raises up meet, and the fertiliser granulates surface is stained with one deck talcum powder, and amount of talc is 1%～2.5% of a fertilizer butt quality; E, be blown into 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot blasts, behind the moistening film drying in face powder back, be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates surface with talcum powder from coating rotating cylinder exit end.Because the coating rotating cylinder has constant slope (can regulate according to membrane wrapping thickness and output), the dried fertiliser granulates of coating flows into rotary conveyor, enters the fertilizer storage warehouse.
4.2.3 winter wheat is used " different grain speed change " type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer production technique
According to winter wheat winter early stage, turn green to jointing stage, jointing to three breeding times of ripening stage be 20%: 25%: 55% to nutrient demand ratio (in N), rate of fertilizer application is calculated by 10～12kgN/ mu, the felted slow-release fertilizer and the coating felted slow-release fertilizer that different time sections are discharged nutrient make up even blend in this ratio, promptly become winter wheat and use slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, selects different gluings and coating consolidating material for use, after glued and the gluing again coating combine, make the slow release fertilizer that the different periods discharge nutrient, again according to the winter wheat regulation of fertilizer requirement of each breeding time, adopt " different grain speed change " technology, make the mix type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of various combination, accomplish that single-dose application can satisfy winter wheat each breeding time of the demand to fertilizer nutrient.
2, can make multifunctional slow-release fertilizer
Gluing and coating felted slow-release fertilizer technology not only can be produced the little multielement slow-release fertilizer of NPK, organic and inorganic slow-release fertilizer, and can make water-maintaining, disease preventing type or integrate the multifunctional type slow-release fertilizer of nutrition, water conservation, diseases prevention according to actual needs.
Embodiment:
1, proportioning raw materials (in potassium deficiency and executing on the effective soil of potassium, is pressed N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 15% is prepared burden; On potassium deficiency soil not, press N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 12% is prepared burden.)
(1) felted slow-release fertilizer material proportioning
| Raw material | Potassium deficiency soil | Non-potassium deficiency soil |
| Urea (containing N 46%) | 286.3kg | 286.3kg |
| Monoammonium phosphate (contains P 2O 5 45％，N 11％) | 166.7kg | 166.7kg |
| Repone K (contains K 2O 60％) | 250kg | 200kg |
| Weathered coal (auxiliary material) | 294kg | 344kg |
| Glued (bonding) agent (solid content 10%) | 10kg | 10kg |
| Paraffin talcum powder emulsion (solid content 20%) | 10kg | 10kg |
| Add up to (solid quality) | 1000kg | 1000kg |
(2) coating felted slow-release fertilizer material proportioning
| Raw material | Potassium deficiency soil | Non-potassium deficiency soil |
| Urea (containing N46%) | 286.3kg | 286.3kg |
| Monoammonium phosphate (contains P 2O 5 45％，N 11％) | 166.7kg | 166.7kg |
| Repone K (contains K 2O 60％) | 250kg | 200kg |
| Weathered coal (auxiliary material) | 274kg | 324kg |
| Jointing compound (solid content 10%) | 10kg | 10kg |
| Coating agent (solid content 20%) | 10kg | 10kg |
| Talcum powder | 20kg | 20kg |
| Add up to (solid quality) | 1000kg | 1000kg |
2, winter wheat is used the slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer production sequence:
2.1 the felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced
(1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced (by butt fertilizer per ton)
Take by weighing urea 286.3kg, monoammonium phosphate 166.7kg, Repone K 250kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 200kg), weathered coal 294kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 344kg), thorough mixing is even in the asymmetric double spiral mixer, add the CF2 jointing compound after diluting, consumption is 10kg mother liquor/t butt fertilizer (extension rate is decided on the raw material water content), send in the tablets press (granulating disc or rotary drum granulator all can) with rotary conveyor, granulation after drying, screening are less than the 1mm powder with greater than the macrobead returning charge recycle of 5mm; 1～5mm diameter granulated fertilizer is delivered to disk or rotary drum (among the Φ 1400 * 8000mm), rotation on one side, on one side by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzles spray paraffin-talcum powder mixing and emulsifying aqueous solution, consumption 10kg left and right sides mother liquor/t butt fertilizer, with 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings, be CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material.
(2) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, only with clay-polyester mixed polymer jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein.
(3) sulfonated lignin mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with sulfonated lignin.
(4) alkenes compounds-starch mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixing polymers with alkenes compounds-starch is that hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein.
(5) humic acids mixes the production of polymers coating felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with humic acids.
2.2 coating felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced
By fertilizer butt per ton, take by weighing urea 286.3kg, monoammonium phosphate 166.7kg, Repone K 250kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 200kg), weathered coal 274kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 324kg), according to the felted slow-release fertilizer production technique, diameter 1～5mm rounded grain CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material of selecting not wax is sent into special coated cylinder, mix the polymers coating agent aqueous solution by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzle spray painting waste plastic-starch, consumption 10kg left and right sides mother liquor/t butt fertilizer, moistening fully to the fertiliser granulates surface, form certain thickness coating.Along with the rotation of coating cylinder, the fertiliser granulates behind the coating enters the face powder operation by barrier, and amount of talc is about 20kg/t butt fertilizer; Feed heating duct from coating cylinder discharge end, dry under 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot blasts, be CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of waste plastic-starch.
2.3 paraffin-talcum powder or kaolin mixed emulsion coated carbamide (claiming waxing urea again) production method
Adopt granular urea, put into garden dish or rotating cylinder (Φ 1400 * 8000mm), on one side rotation, pressurization on one side (pressure 〉=0.4Mpa) spray painting paraffin-talcum powder or kaolin mixed emulsion, consumption 10Kg mother liquor/t urea.With 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings, be paraffin coating urea, claim waxing urea again.
The processing of " 2.4 different grain speed change " special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of type wheat
According to winter wheat winter early stage, turn green to the jointing stage, jointing to ripening stage three growth and development stages to the nutrient demand ratio, with the nitrogen is benchmark, its ratio is 20%: 25%: 55%, uses by 12kg nitrogen (N) for every mu, is processed into following " different grain speed change " special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of type wheat:
(1) 5.2kg waxing urea+20kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+44kgCF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(2) 5.2kg waxing urea+20kg clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer+44kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(3) 5.2kg waxing urea+20kg sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+44kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(4)) 5.2kg waxing urea+20kg alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+44kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(5) 5.2kg waxing urea+20kg humic acids mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+44kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer.
With above-mentioned 5 groups of fertilizer even blend in mixer respectively, send into automatic packing machine pack packing, promptly become the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of winter wheat of 5 kinds of composite types.
Claims (5)
1. a winter wheat is used production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, and its feature is made up of following technological process:
(1) preparation paraffin-kaolin emulsion: with the solid paraffin heat fused and add the paraffin emulsifier RZB201 of paraffin quality 15%～25%, fully stir and generate the paraffin paste, the water that adds 5 times of paraffin quality, 20,000 r/min stir 10min, generate paraffin wax emulsion, add the kaolin by 300 mesh sieve holes then, add-on is that 20%～30%, the 20000 r/min continuation stirring 10min of paraffin quality forms;
(2) preparation waxing urea: adopt granular urea, put into garden dish or rotating cylinder, on one side rotation, the amount of pressing 10kg mother liquor/t urea on one side forms with 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings with pressure 〉=0.4Mpa pressurization spray painting paraffin-kaolin mixed emulsion;
(3) preparation felted slow-release fertilizer material: by winter wheat breeding time to nutrient demand and fertilizer material nutrient content, on the relative soil with high of potassium content, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.5～1; At the quick-acting K＜100mgkg of soil
-1Potassium deficiency soil on N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 1～1.5 ratios take by weighing raw material, abundant mixing in the asymmetric double spiral mixer, add the CF2 jointing compound, by the fertilizer butt, CF2 mother liquor add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a fertilizer quality, after mixing, send in the tablets press with rotary conveyor, granulation after drying, screening, select 1～5mm diameter granulated fertilizer to deliver in disk or the rotary drum, on one side rotation, on one side by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzles spray paraffin-kaolin mixing and emulsifying aqueous solution, consumption 10kg mother liquor/t butt fertilizer forms with 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings;
(4) preparation coating felted slow-release fertilizer material: select not paraffinize, diameter 1～5mm rounded grain CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material, send into special coated cylinder, mix the polymers coating agent aqueous solution by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzle spray painting waste plastic-starch, its coating agent mother liquor consumption is 1%～2% of a fertilizer butt quality, fertiliser granulates behind the coating enters the face powder operation by barrier, amount of talc is 1%～2.5% of a fertilizer butt quality, and drying forms under 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot blasts;
(5) preparation: according to early stage in winter wheat winter, turn green to the jointing stage, jointing to the ripening stage is 20%: 25%: 55% to the nutrient demand ratio, with the nitrogen is benchmark, according to the ratio of 20% waxing urea N+25%CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer N+55%CF2 gluing, the fertile N of waste plastic-starch envelope type slow release, even blend becomes the wheat slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer in mixer.
2. a kind of winter wheat as claimed in claim 1 is used production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, it is characterized in that replacing CF2 jointing compound wherein to prepare clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer with clay-polyester mixed polymer jointing compound.
3. a kind of winter wheat as claimed in claim 1 is used production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, it is characterized in that mixing the polymers jointing compound with sulfonated lignin replaces CF2 jointing compound wherein to prepare the mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer of sulfonated lignin.
4. a kind of winter wheat as claimed in claim 1 is used production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, it is characterized in that mixing the polymers jointing compound with alkenes compounds-starch replaces CF2 jointing compound wherein to prepare the mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer of alkenes compounds-starch.
5. a kind of winter wheat as claimed in claim 1 is used production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer, it is characterized in that mixing the polymers jointing compound with humic acids replaces CF2 jointing compound wherein to prepare the mixed polymers felted slow-release fertilizer of humic acids.
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| CNB2004100884780A CN100436381C (en) | 2004-11-03 | 2004-11-03 | Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for winter wheat |
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