CN100348553C - Method of preparing NPK composite fertilizer using straw ash - Google Patents
Method of preparing NPK composite fertilizer using straw ash Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a preparation method for nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer for straw ash production, belonging to the field of agricultural fertilizer technology. NPK fertilizer includes (by weight parts) urea 18-30, monoammonium phosphate 12-30, potassium chloride 7-25, straw ash 10-40, acidity regulator 1.2-6, and adhesive 5-20. The method comprises smashing the raw materials, drum-granulating, drying, screening, weighing, and packaging to obtain the final product. The NPK contains nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content greater than 30%, and medium-trace nutrients in gray straw, therefore having comprehensive and reasonable nutrition, can be applied directly to various soils and crops without need for other fertilizers. The production equipment is simple, and low cost, solving the inadequacy of the present fertilizer production. This invention provides an effective way for the straw ash generated from straw power and reduce the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing the stalk ash to produce nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, belong to the agricultural fertilizer technical field.
Background technology
China is a large agricultural country, nearly 6.6 hundred million tons of the annual agricultural crop straws that produces.According to investigations, so the present situation of utilizing of stalk of enormous quantity allows of no optimist: straw directly returning to field 6.9%, cross abdomen also field 14.9%, make compost with 13.3%, life in the countryside is with energy 11.9%, worker's sideline production raw materials for production 7.8%, the stalk comprehensive utilization ratio is 54.8%, and remaining 45.2% stalk is still needed and utilized.
At present, when the three summer jobs or three autumn jobs as harvesting, tilling and planting, it is commonplace that the peasant burns the phenomenon that remains stalk.Crop straw burning causes not only that suspended particle increases in the air, and atmospheric environment is polluted.And the smogout airport and the motorway that produce, cause that highway is closed, airliner delay, seriously disturb normal social production and life.In addition, crop straw burning is initiation fire very easily, and crop straw burning causes disadvantageous effect to soil physical properties, increases the weight of soil compaction, has destroyed soil fertility, has aggravated arid, and the growth of farm crop is affected.Random in addition heap is abandoned stalk and is seen everywhere.The peasant is in order to catch up with farming season, to scheme conveniently, lack input etc., remaining agricultural crop straw heap is abandoned before field, threshing ground, both sides of highway and room behind the house, and not only land occupation influences traffic, and be unfavorable for the environmental health in rural area, also become a big hidden danger of presence of fire.Therefore the utilization ratio that improves agricultural stalk is very necessary.
Along with China's electricity consumption growing tension, and the disposable energy such as oil, coal reduce gradually and people improve day by day to the requirement of environmental quality, tap a new source of energy and renewable resources becomes the research focus gradually.And the straw power generation focus in this research field just, especially in the such large agricultural country of China.Straw power generation has its unrivaled superiority, and the agricultural crop straw amount is big in China, broad covered area, and the source is sufficient; The sulphur content of stalk is very low, and is less to atmospheric pollution; With the stalk is that fuel danger is little, and manageability belongs to waste utilization, meets the policy of national energy industry development.Therefore straw electric generation plant can solve the in short supply and agriculture intensive geographic electricity consumption difficult problem of coal, and for the residue stalk in vast rural area has found outlet, the environmental pollution of having avoided the unreasonable processing of stalk to cause.But still can produce the ash content of 3%-20% after the straw power generation burning, wherein be rich in the required nutrients of plant growth such as phosphorus and potassium and some trace elements.Plant ash is a kind of source of manure commonly used in China's traditional agriculture, but its nutrient availability is lower, easily causes nutrient loss, and the physicochemical character of long-term application destructible soil.Therefore rationally utilize the waste of these straw electric generation plants, reduce its pollution, turn waste into wealth, have crucial meaning environment.
Chinese patent publication number CN 1189481A discloses a kind of method of utilizing plant ash, excrement ash etc. to produce high potassium clacium fertilizer, be to be raw material, after stirring, grind, sieving, make with plant ash, excrement ash, lime excrement, industrial salt, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, urine.Its shortcoming is that fertilizer salinity height, alkalescence are strong, and element validity is poor, and fertilizer efficiency is slow, especially is not suitable for using in alkaline soils.Chinese patent publication number CN 1793074A discloses the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer.Be to be main raw material, add inorganic spent acid, agricultural organic or organic solid castoff and reduce the pH value, ferment, be dried and crushed into product or add cakingagent again and be a granulated into finished product fertilizer with the lime-ash that forms after straw burning, cracking, the gasification.Though this method has solved the shortcoming of alkaline strong and element validity difference, the cycle of production fertilizer finished product is long, and the fertilizer nutrient ratio is unreasonable.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is the method for raw material production nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that a kind of stalk ash that produces with the straw power generation process is provided.The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer that the present invention produced, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content is greater than 30%, and contains the middle micronutrient element in the stalk ash, the nutrient reasonable ratio, can satisfy the nutritional needs of crop comprehensively, need not to cooperate other fertilizer, can directly use.Production unit is simple, less investment, cost is low, product nutrient availability height, solved the deficiency that high potassium clacium is fertile and the fertile two kinds of fertilizer productions of multielement exist in the prior art, be applicable to different soil and farm crop, the reasonable utilization of the stalk ash that produces for straw power generation provides effective way, has reduced the pollution of stalk ash to environment.
Nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the present invention is made up of following component, is weight part:
Urea 18-30 part, monoammonium phosphate 12-30 part, Repone K 7-25 part, stalk ash 10-40 part, acidity regulator 1.2-6 part, tamanori 5-20 part.
Above-mentioned stalk ash is a straw electric generation plant stalk ash waste.The stalk ash can be the lime-ash after any straw generating burning, as wood ash, and plant ash, chaff ash etc.
Above-mentioned acidity regulator is phosphoric acid and citric acid 1: 0.1～0.5 mixing by weight.
Above-mentioned tamanori is that in wilkinite or the embossing powder one or both are by weight 1: 2～3 mixture.
The preparation method of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer of the invention described above, step is as follows:
1, raw material pulverizing and interpolation
The raw material monoammonium phosphate that granulation is used, urea, Repone K, tamanori etc. are pulverized respectively, cross 80 purposes sieve.By input speed control adding proportion, powder raw material monoammonium phosphate, urea, Repone K, tamanori are added in the granulating cylinder with the stalk ash then.
2, drum granulating
Rotate drum granulating, in the granulation process acidity regulator dissolved in and be made into mixed solution in the water and spray into granulating cylinder, the pH that makes the fertilizer finished product is 5～7.5, the control invariablenes turning speed, granulation 5～7 minutes, when reaction raw materials formed the fertile grain of size relatively even, the fertilizer work in-process entered in the dram.
3, oven dry
The temperature of control dram is 90～110 ℃, and drying time is 8～12 minutes, and the fertilizer water content is reduced to below 5%, and xeothermic fertilizer enters in the next stage cooling cylinder and cools off.
4, sieve the packing of weighing
Cooled fertilizer is crossed bolting, the moderate finished product fertilizer of the particle diameter packing of weighing.Coarse grain fertilizer on the sieve returns rotary drum with undersized small particle size material and mixes the back granulation with fresh material after fragmentation.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) comprehensive nutrition, the nutrient availability height.Macroelement (N, P, K) content is higher than 30%, the element reasonable ratio, also contains middle trace element in the stalk ash simultaneously, can satisfy the nutritional needs of crop growth, can independently use.Use acidity regulator to improve the validity of each element in the raw material in the production process, improved fertilizer efficiency greatly.
(2) raw materials cost is low, and equipment is simple.The stalk ash that uses is the trade waste of straw electric generation plant, need not invest and purchase, and the cost of a spot of acidity regulator and tamanori is low.Production unit is simple, is easy to produce and promote.
(3) wide adaptability.This fertilizer is applicable to various field crops, fruit and vegetables, and all can use on acidity or alkaline soil.Can be according to the nutrition absorption characteristics of Different Crop, the ratio of allocating nitrogen phosphorus potassium flexibly satisfies the demand of Different Crop.
(4) with short production cycle, the yield rate height.Stalk ash raw material be need not to handle, directly use, improved the utilising efficiency of stalk ash, owing to selecting for use of acidity regulator and suitable cakingagent, granulation is effective, and is with short production cycle, and the fertilizer commodity is good.
Manure trial
Utilize of the research of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (hereinafter to be referred as stalk ash composite fertilizer) of stalk ash preparation to the cucumber yield quality influence
1. test materials and method
Test period: year April in October, 2005-2006
Test site: Qingzhou City Tan Fang town green house of vegetables
Experimental cultivar: Tianjin spring No. 4
Table 1 is for the physicochemical character of examination soil
| Soil salt content (%) | PH | Organic (%) | Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (mg/kg) | Rapid available phosphorus (mg/kg) | Available potassium (mg/kg) |
| 0.12 | 7.05 | 1.31 | 92.5 | 33.6 | 140.8 |
1.2 test method
5 processing are established in test, are provided with as follows:
(1.CK habits fertilization) 2000kg/hm
2(nutrient content 45% commercially available composite fertilizer)
2. stalk ash No. 1 (nutrient content 45%) 1600kg/hm of composite fertilizer
2
3. stalk ash No. 2 (nutrient content 40%) 1800kg/hm of composite fertilizer
2
4. stalk ash No. 3 (nutrient content 35%) 2056kg/hm of composite fertilizer
2
5. stalk ash No. 4 (nutrient content 30%) 2400kg/hm of composite fertilizer
2
1/10 of fertilizer is used as base manure, 9/10 repeatedly using as topdressing in breeding time in addition.
1.3 sampling period and measuring method
Get the content that mellow fruit is measured Vc February 17, got the content that mellow fruit is measured soluble sugar on February 19.VC, soluble sugar and soil basic fertility are all measured according to a conventional method.Cucumber results accumulative total meter produces, in end of day test in April 20.
2. result and analysis
2.1 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of vitamins C in the cucumber (Vc) content
The measurement result of Vc sees Table in the cucumber, from the measurement result of table 2 as seen, uses stalk ash composite fertilizer and makes that Vc content significantly improves in the cucumber, and variance analysis reaches conspicuous level (F=10.02
*).The result of multiple comparisons shows: stalk ash composite fertilizer handles with the CK comparing difference not remarkable No. 1, No. 2, the stalk ash is handled with CK for No. 3, No. 4 and is relatively reached 1% conspicuous level, difference was not remarkable between No. 3, stalk ash and stalk ash were handled for No. 4, and the two improves 30.3% and 29.4% than CK respectively.
Table 2 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of Vc content in the cucumber
| Handle | Vc content (mg/100g fresh weight) | Significance * | ||||
| I | II | III | IV | On average | ||
| No. 4, No. 3 stalk ashes of No. 2 stalk ashes of No. 1 stalk ash of CK stalk ash | 10.05 10.80 11.26 13.12 14.84 | 11.00 10.90 10.52 14.30 13.20 | 9.94 10.54 11.84 12.61 12.18 | 10.80 11.06 10.15 14.55 13.94 | 10.44 10.96 10.94 13.64 13.54 | A A A B B |
Annotate: adopt duncan's method to carry out multiple comparisons, down together.
2.2 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of soluble sugar content in the cucumber
The measurement result of soluble sugar sees Table 3 in the cucumber, from the measurement result of table 3 as seen, coerces down at salinity, and soil application stalk ash composite fertilizer makes that soluble sugar content significantly improves in the cucumber, and variance analysis reaches conspicuous level (F=16.18
*).The result of multiple comparisons shows: the stalk ash is handled with CK for No. 1 and is relatively reached 5% conspicuous level, relatively reach 5% conspicuous level than CK raising 70.6%, No. 2, stalk ash, grey No. 3 of stalk, No. 4 processing of stalk ash and No. 1 processing of stalk ash, difference is not remarkable between No. 2, stalk ash, No. 3, stalk ash, No. 4 three processing of stalk ash, handle for No. 1 than the stalk ash respectively and improve 37.5%, 48.7% and 56.5%, improve 134.5%, 153.7 and 166.9% than CK.
Table 3 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of soluble sugar content in the cucumber
| Handle | Soluble sugar content (mg/100g fresh weight) | Significance | ||||
| I | II | III | IV | On average | ||
| No. 4, No. 3 stalk ashes of No. 2 stalk ashes of No. 1 stalk ash of CK stalk ash | 1.25 1.48 3.64 3.15 2.95 | 1.34 2.45 3.47 3.62 3.73 | 0.90 2.47 2.80 3.96 4.01 | 0.95 1.88 1.85 2.07 2.83 | 1.11 2.07 2.94 3.20 3.38 | a b c c c |
2.1 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of cucumber yield
Cucumber yield the results are shown in Table 4, and from the measurement result of table 4 as seen, soil application stalk ash composite fertilizer significantly improves output, and variance analysis reaches conspicuous level (F=20.20
*).The result of multiple comparisons shows: No. 1, stalk ash, No. 2, stalk ash, stalk ash are handled with CK for No. 3 and are relatively reached 5% conspicuous level, respectively than CK volume increase 23.9%, 29.2% and 26.1%, difference is not remarkable between three processing, the stalk ash is handled with CK for No. 4 and is relatively reached 1% conspicuous level, than CK volume increase 47.3%, No. 4, stalk ash relatively reaches 1% conspicuous level No. 1 with the stalk ash, handles for No. 1 than the stalk ash and increases production 18.9%.
Table 4 stalk ash composite fertilizer is to the influence of cucumber yield
| Handle | Output (kg/hm 2) | Significance | |||||
| I | II | III | IV | On average | 5％ | 1％ | |
| No. 4, No. 3 stalk ashes of No. 2 stalk ashes of No. 1 stalk ash of CK stalk ash | 5770 8170 8270 9040 9950 | 6820 8260 9130 8698 9372 | 7470 9070 9370 7852 10960 | 6650 7590 7740 8100 9060 | 6677 8272 8628 8422 9836 | a b b b c | A A AB AB B |
3. brief summary
Under the greenhouse cultivation condition, use stalk ash composite fertilizer and compare with conventional habits fertilization, the content of the soluble sugar in the cucumber can improve in stalk ash composite fertilizer, and the content of Vc in the cucumber is had no significant effect; Cucumber had significant production-increasing function.Fertilizer efficiency to 4 kinds of different stalk ash composite fertilizers is relatively found, the low stalk of nutrient content ash composite fertilizer is to the volume increase of cucumber and to improve the effect of quality more remarkable, may be that to contain the nutrient of denitrogenating beyond the phosphorus potassium in the stalk ash more, the higher reason of ratio of stalk ash in the low nutrient content fertilizer.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, and the raw material stalk ash that uses among all embodiment all is straw electric generation plant stalk ash wastes.
Embodiment 1. manufacturing nutrient contents are 45% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nutrients ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15: 15: 15.
Get 10 parts of powder raw material stalk ashes, 25.1 parts in urea, 31.4 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 22.6 parts in Repone K, the embossing powder tamanori is added in the rotary drum that is turning round for 9.4 parts successively, get phosphoric acid and citric acid then by weight 1.5 parts of 1: 0.3 blended acidity regulators and suitable quantity of water mixing, be sprayed in the reaction mass.Rotated drum granulating 5～7 minutes, when reaction raw materials forms size relatively during even one fertile grain, the fertilizer work in-process enter in the dram.
The temperature of control dram is 90～110 ℃, and drying time is 8～12 minutes, and the fertilizer water content is reduced to below 5%, and xeothermic fertilizer enters in the next stage cooling cylinder and cools off.
Cooled fertilizer is crossed bolting, the moderate finished product fertilizer of the particle diameter packing of weighing.
Embodiment 2. manufacturing nutrient contents are 40% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nutrients ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15: 10: 15.
As described in embodiment 1, different raw material as follows, be weight part: get 20 parts of stalk ashes, 28.5 parts in urea, 17.4 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 20.2 parts in Repone K, wilkinite and embossing powder are added in the rotary drum of running successively by weight 11 parts of 1: 3 blended tamanoris, take by weighing phosphoric acid and citric acid by weight 3 parts of 1: 0.5 blended acidity regulators and suitable quantity of water mixing, evenly be sprayed on the blended material.
Embodiment 3. manufacturing nutrient contents are 35% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nutrients ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=13: 10: 12.
As described in embodiment 1, different raw material as follows, be weight part: get 30 parts of stalk ashes, 24.8 parts in urea, 14.7 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 12.9 parts in Repone K, wilkinite or embossing powder are added in the rotary drum of running successively by weight 13.2 parts of 1: 2 blended cakingagents, take by weighing phosphoric acid and citric acid by weight 4.4 parts of 1: 0.3 blended acidity regulators and suitable quantity of water mixing, evenly be sprayed on the blended material.
Embodiment 4. manufacturing nutrient contents are 30% nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and nutrients ratio is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=10: 10: 10.
As described in embodiment 1, different raw material as follows, be weight part: get 40 parts of stalk ashes, 18.9 parts in urea, 12 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 7.2 parts in Repone K, 16 parts of wilkinite tamanoris are added in the rotary drum of running successively, take by weighing phosphoric acid and citric acid by weight 5.9 parts of 1: 0.2 blended acidity regulators and suitable quantity of water mixing, evenly be sprayed on the blended material.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of method of utilizing the stalk ash to produce nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, step is as follows, is weight part:
(1) raw material pulverizing and interpolation
Raw material monoammonium phosphate 12-30 part, urea 18-30 part, Repone K 7-25 part, tamanori 5-20 part separated pulverizing that granulation is used, cross 80 purposes sieve, by input speed control adding proportion, gained powder raw material monoammonium phosphate, urea, Repone K, tamanori are added in the granulating cylinder with stalk ash 10-40 part then;
Above-mentioned stalk ash is a straw electric generation plant stalk ash waste;
Above-mentioned tamanori is one or both 1: 2～3 the mixing by weight in wilkinite or the embossing powder;
(2) drum granulating
Rotate drum granulating, in the granulation process acidity regulator 1.2-6 part dissolved in and be made into mixed solution in the water and spray into granulating cylinder, the pH that makes the fertilizer finished product is 5～7.5, the control invariablenes turning speed, granulation 5～7 minutes, when reaction raw materials formed the fertile grain of size even, the fertilizer work in-process entered in the dram;
Above-mentioned acidity regulator is phosphoric acid and citric acid 1: 0.1～0.5 mixing by weight;
(3) oven dry
The temperature of control dram is 90～110 ℃, and drying time is 8～12 minutes, and the fertilizer water content is reduced to below 5%, and xeothermic fertilizer enters in the next stage cooling cylinder and cools off;
(4) sieve the packing of weighing
Cooled fertilizer is crossed bolting, the moderate finished product fertilizer of the particle diameter packing of weighing.
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| CN104529588A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Production method of straw-based organic inorganic compound fertilizers |
| CN105237108A (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2016-01-13 | 广西桂林生物动力环保科技有限公司 | Composite fertilizer specially-used for wheat and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1075798C (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 2001-12-05 | 山东农业大学 | Fertilizer made up of plant stalks |
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| CN1793074A (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2006-06-28 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Process for producing multielement fertilizer by plant straw ash |
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- 2006-08-03 CN CNB2006100696494A patent/CN100348553C/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1075798C (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 2001-12-05 | 山东农业大学 | Fertilizer made up of plant stalks |
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