CN1793074A - Process for producing multielement fertilizer by plant straw ash - Google Patents
Process for producing multielement fertilizer by plant straw ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN1793074A CN1793074A CNA2005100957485A CN200510095748A CN1793074A CN 1793074 A CN1793074 A CN 1793074A CN A2005100957485 A CNA2005100957485 A CN A2005100957485A CN 200510095748 A CN200510095748 A CN 200510095748A CN 1793074 A CN1793074 A CN 1793074A
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- element fertilizer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a plant straw ash multi-element fertilizer manufacturing method that use simple device, low invest, low producing cost. It could supply P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Mo to plant. It has high plant efficiency nutrient. It uses ash that is produced by firing, cracking and gasifying the plant straw as main raw material adding inorganic waste pickle liquid, agricultural use organic acid and/or organic solid waste to make the pH value of raw material decrease below 6.0-7.5, fermenting for 1-10 days, adding 3-10% binding agent after drying and smashing to grain finished fertilizer. The invention is especially suited for the ash fertilizing process and commercial process in straw generating process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer; be particularly useful in the straw power generation process disposal of ash and slag that produces by burning, pyrolysis, gasification etc., belong to that solid waste farming in the agriculture environmental protection field is fertile to be handled and utilize technology.
Background technology
Contain combustible elements such as C, H, S in the straw, can directly burn or by pyrolysis, gasification back indirect burning.Its calorific value of 1kg stalk is equivalent to the 0.61-0.72kg standard coal generally at 18~21MJ.China is vast in territory, and stalk resource is very abundant, calendar year 2001 eight big class staple crops stalk ultimate productions such as China's paddy, wheat, corn, beans, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane reach 59648.1 ten thousand tons, 300,470,000 tons of signature coal amounts.
It mainly is as urban residents' fuel, animal-feed or direct returning to farmland that the tradition of stalk is utilized mode.In recent years, along with popularizing of commercial energy resources such as rural economic development and farmers' income increase and coal, oil, gas, become waste or taken certain farmland mainly as the agricultural crop straw of fuel and piled up throughout the year, or on-site incineration, not only wasted ample resources, also serious environment pollution.
Straw power generation is the new way that a kind of stalk resource utilizes.At present, be widely adopted in western developed country such as the U.S., Europe, Japan etc., China has also set up the straw electric generation plant that scale does not wait in succession since the nineties, as surplus the total small power generation unit 300 in Guangdong and Guangxi two provinces, and overall apparatus capacity 800Mw.The target that proposes according to China's new forms of energy and renewable energy resources development outline will surpass 3,000,000 kw to China's biomass power generation installed capacity in 2010.
No matter be as urban residents' life fuel or be used for batch production generating, all can produce the 3-20% lime-ash in stalk pyrolysis, gasification, the combustion processes.Stalk ash contains various plants essential element nutritive element and multiple beneficial elements such as Si, Se such as P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, studies show that in a large number, use plant ash to the significant effect of increasing production of a lot of crops, plant ash is a kind of important source of manure in China's traditional agriculture.In the stalk ash, the biological effectiveness of plant essential element and beneficial element is generally lower.The contriver had once measured straw, these two kinds of staple crops stalks of wheat and had handled down cindery pH and full potassium thereof, effective potassium, available potassium and the content of phosphorus, available phosphorus, rapid available phosphorus entirely in 300 ℃ (being equivalent to occur the naked light burning), 550 ℃ (family's port kitchen range burnings), 800 ℃ (biomass boiler burning), the results are shown in Table 1.
The pH of two kinds of different stalk ash of table 1 and phosphorus, potassium content are relatively
The stalk classification | Temperature of combustion (℃) | Lime-ash pH | Phosphorus content (g/kg) | Potassium content (g/kg) | ||||
Full phosphorus | Available phosphorus | Water-soluble phosphorus | Full potassium | Effective potassium | Water-soluble potassium | |||
Wheat Straw | 300 | 10.14 | 8.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 27.8 | 23.1 | 20.2 |
550 | 10.21 | 13.4 | 6.9 | 0.3 | 91.4 | 28.0 | 22.2 | |
800 | 10.32 | 12.1 | 7.8 | 0.1 | 57.2 | 21.1 | 19.7 | |
The paddy rice straw | 300 | 10.40 | 7.2 | 4.6 | 1.2 | 59.8 | 30.9 | 29.2 |
550 | 10.66 | 8.9 | 6.2 | 0.3 | 100.2 | 36.1 | 35.8 | |
800 | 9.45 | 7.7 | 6.6 | 0.1 | 63.8 | 27.0 | 26.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, two kinds of stalk ash all are strong basicity, and available phosphorus generally only accounts for full squama 30-70%, and effectively potassium only accounts for the 30-50% of full potassium.Obviously, when as fertilizer sources used, quite a few nutrient can not be utilized by plant absorbing.And stalk ash alkalescence is strong, and utilization ratio is lower in alkaline soils.
In addition, have in a large number studies show that, trace element is under the alkaline condition of ash content among Ca, Fe, the Zn etc., and plant availability is extremely low.
Because different sorts stalk and differing temps incendiary plant ash nutrient form difference are big, and become invalid attitude more, directly use as not adding processing, can not give full play to its fertilizer efficiency first, second may cause the crop detrimentally affect.
Chinese patent publication number CN1189481A discloses a kind of method of utilizing plant ash, excrement ash etc. to produce high potassium clacium fertilizer.It is with plant ash, excrement ash, lime excrement, industrial salt, vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, urine, makes after stirring, grind, sieving.Its shortcoming is that the fertilizer that makes becomes salinity height, alkalescence by force, and the most elements in the lime-ash (as: P, Si, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo etc.) is in stationary state and is difficult for being absorbed by crop, especially inapplicable use in alkaline soils.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the low defective of plant nutrient validity that stalk ash is directly used and prior art processing produces, a kind of method of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer is provided, the validity height of the fertilizer plant nutrient that this method is produced, difficult by soil fixing inefficacy, suitable all kinds of soil applications, and preparation process is simple to operate, is easy to promote.
The purpose of this utility model can reach by following measure:
A kind of method of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer is characterized in that:
This method is main raw material with the plant straw ash, adds industrial waste acid liquid, agricultural organic and/or composting reaction and can produce the organic acid organic solid castoff, and surplus is a water, and control material pH value is 6.0~7.5, and humidity of materials is controlled at 30~40%;
Above-mentioned material was stirred back composting reaction after 1~10 day, and drying and crushing gets powdered fertilizer;
This powdered fertilizer is directly packed, or packs after adding the cakingagent granulation of 0.003~0.1 times of its weight.
Wherein, will stir after 70~80 parts plant straw ash, 1~15 part of spent acid solution and three kinds of components mixing of 5~29 parts of water, the reaction of sealing composting can make neutral multi-element fertilizer after 1~3 day.
Wherein, with 60~70 parts of stalk ash, 5~30 parts of agricultural organics or composting reaction can produce organic acid organic solid castoff and 0~35 part of water, stir after will above-mentioned three kinds of components mixing, and the sealing composting reacts after 2~10 days and makes the chelating multi-element fertilizer.
The reaction of described composting can produce the organic acid organic solid castoff be in feces of livestock and poultry, municipal sludge, domestic refuse or the industrial organic waste residues one or more.
Described industrial organic waste residues be in the waste residue of discharging in various microbiotic, zymin, alcohol, citric acid, furfural, monosodium glutamate, sugaring or the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations industrial production one or more.
Described agricultural organic is meant agricultural amino acid and agricultural humic acid.
Described plant straw ash refers to the lime-ash that agricultural crop straw, forest or agricultural processing fent form through burning, cracking, gasification.
Described industrial waste acid liquid refers to one or more in the waste liquid that contains multiple acidic component that sulfur waste acid, waste phosphoric acid, waste nitric acid, useless acetic acid, useless oxysuccinic acid or useless citric acid that chemical engineering industry, brewery industry or food-processing industry produce and these industries produce.
Described cakingagent be in attapulgite, treated starch, gelatine or the polyvinyl alcohol one or more.
Composting is reflected under the air-proof condition and carries out.
The present invention has distinguishing feature compared to existing technology:
1, the present invention makes the lime-ash element obtain activation by adding mineral acid, or macerate the system fermentation and produce organic acid or directly add organic acid (as amino acid, humic acid etc.) and make that nutritive element chelating attitude obtains activation in the lime-ash by adding organic waste (as animal dung), therefore this fertilizer is active strong, especially the formation of chelating attitude, soil is difficult for fixing, has improved plant recovery of nutrient in the lime-ash.
2, macerate the system fermentation and acid by organic acid or mineral acid treatment or by adding organic waste, make lime-ash pH drop to neutrality, therefore the fertilizer that makes is applicable to all kinds of soil.
3, field test shows, the lime-ash fertilizer that the technology of the present invention is produced is under the 150kg condition than common stalk ash at every mu of consumption, crop yields 10~20% such as capsicum, tomato, radish, rape.
4, the present invention also by adding cakingagent, carries out granulation processing to lime-ash fertilizer, is convenient to packed and transported and uses, and is particularly useful for a large amount of cindery agricultural extensive use of chemical fertilizer and commercialization that straw power generation produces.
5, raw material used in the present invention is agriculture and industry waste, and the generation of course of processing no waste, is a kind of making a silk purse out of a sow's ear therefore, realizes the environmental friendliness technology that waste resource utilizes again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a production scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Get stalk ash 700kg, sulfur waste acid (concentration is 70-80%) 40kg and water 300kg, earlier sulfuric acid dissolution is made dilute acid soln in water, add dilute acid soln more slowly in whipping process, the final water content of material is controlled at 30%, and the pH value is for being about 7.0.After stirring, put into concrete sump or other reaction vessel and sealed 1 day.Take out drying after 1 day, pulverize, add the treated starch of 25kg, carry out garden dish granulation, packing gets final product again.
Embodiment 2
Get stalk ash 600kg, add citric acid waste 300kg, it is about 40% that water is supplemented to material moisture.After stirring with stirrer, put into concrete sump and sealed 10 days.Take out drying after 10 days, pulverize, packing.
Embodiment 3
Get stalk ash 650kg, add the bright excrement 250kg of milk cow, it is about 35% that water is supplemented to material moisture.After stirring with stirrer, put into concrete sump and sealed 7 days.Take out drying after 7 days, pulverize, add the treated starch of 25kg, carry out packing behind the extruder grain.
Embodiment 4
Get stalk ash 700kg, it is about 33% that humic acid 50kg, water are supplemented to material moisture.After stirring with stirrer, the pH value of material for being about 6.8, put into concrete sump and sealed 3 days.Take out drying after 3 days, pulverize, add the gelatine of 30kg, carry out packing after the dish granulation of garden.
Embodiment 5
Get stalk ash 800kg, add agricultural amino acid 20kg, it is about 36% that water is supplemented to material moisture.After stirring with stirrer, the pH value of material for being about 7.3, put into concrete sump and sealed 3 days.Take out drying after 3 days, pulverize, add the gelatine of 35kg, carry out packing after the dish granulation of garden.
Embodiment 6
Get stalk ash 600kg, add furfural dregs 300kg, it is about 37% that water is supplemented to material moisture.After stirring with stirrer, the pH value of material for being about 7.5, put into concrete sump and sealed 6 days.Take out drying after 6 days, pulverize, add the attapulgite of 90kg, carry out packing behind the extruder grain.
Embodiment 7
Get stalk ash 600kg, add citric acid waste 150kg, the bright excrement 250kg of pig, it is about 38% that water is supplemented to material moisture.Putting into concrete sump after stirring with stirrer sealed 8 days.Take out drying after 8 days, pulverize, add the treated starch of 60kg, carry out packing behind the extruder grain.
Embodiment 8
Get stalk ash 750kg, add citric acid waste 100kg and 150kg humic acid, it is about 35% that water is supplemented to material moisture, puts into concrete sump after stirring with stirrer and seals 6 days.Take out drying after 6 days, pulverize, add the polyvinyl alcohol of 5kg, carry out packing behind the extruder grain.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of method of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer is characterized in that:
This method is main raw material with the plant straw ash, adds industrial waste acid liquid, agricultural organic and/or composting reaction and can produce the organic acid organic solid castoff, and surplus is a water, and control material pH value is 6.0~7.5, and humidity of materials is controlled at 30~40%;
Above-mentioned material was stirred back composting reaction after 1~10 day, and drying and crushing gets powdered fertilizer;
This powdered fertilizer is directly packed, or packs after adding the cakingagent granulation of 0.003~0.1 times of its weight.
2, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
To stir after 70~80 parts plant straw ash, 1~15 part of spent acid solution and three kinds of components mixing of 5~29 parts of water, the reaction of sealing composting made neutral multi-element fertilizer after 1~3 day.
3, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
With 60~70 parts of stalk ash, 5~30 parts of agricultural organics or composting reaction can produce organic acid organic solid castoff and 0~35 part of water, to stir after above-mentioned three kinds of components mixing, the reaction of sealing composting made the chelating multi-element fertilizer after 2~10 days.
4, according to claim 1 or the 3 described methods of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer, it is characterized in that described have the composting reaction can produce the organic acid organic solid castoff be in feces of livestock and poultry, municipal sludge, domestic refuse or the industrial organic waste residues one or more.
5, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 4, it is characterized in that described industrial organic waste residues be in the waste residue of discharging in various microbiotic, zymin, alcohol, citric acid, furfural, monosodium glutamate, sugaring or the Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations industrial production one or more.
6, according to claim 1 or the 3 described methods of utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer, it is characterized in that described agricultural organic is meant agricultural amino acid or agricultural humic acid.
7, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that described plant straw ash refers to the lime-ash that agricultural crop straw, forest or agricultural processing fent form through burning, cracking, gasification etc.
8, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the waste liquid that contains multiple acidic component that sulfur waste acid, waste phosphoric acid, waste nitric acid, useless acetic acid, useless oxysuccinic acid or useless citric acid that described industrial waste acid liquid refers to chemical engineering industry, brewery industry or food-processing industry and produces and these industries produce one or more.
9, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that composting is reflected under the air-proof condition carries out.
10, the method for utilizing plant straw ash to produce multi-element fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described cakingagent be in attapulgite, treated starch, gelatine or the polyvinyl alcohol one or more.
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