CN104496705A - Fulvic acid potassium-containing total-nutrient fertilizer for special purpose of potatoes and production method thereof - Google Patents
Fulvic acid potassium-containing total-nutrient fertilizer for special purpose of potatoes and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104496705A CN104496705A CN201510010635.4A CN201510010635A CN104496705A CN 104496705 A CN104496705 A CN 104496705A CN 201510010635 A CN201510010635 A CN 201510010635A CN 104496705 A CN104496705 A CN 104496705A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a fulvic acid potassium-containing total-nutrient fertilizer for special purpose of potatoes and a production method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of crop formula special fertilizers. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: urea, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium sulfate, boric acid, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated manganese, ammonium heptamolybdate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, inhibitor NAM and fulvic acid potassium. The fertilizer has the advantages of balanced and comprehensive nutrition, smooth appearance, hardening prevention, long fertilizer efficiency, high utilization, labor output reduction, soil improvement and environmental pollution reduction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of special fertilizer of crop formula, be specifically related to a kind of containing full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Potato, has another name called potato, Solanaceae Solanum, annual herb plant.Originate in the Andes in South America, extensively plant in all over the world at present, because its stable high yield, wide adaptability, nutritive ingredient are complete and industry chain length and be subject to global great attention, being described as " second bread " of the mankind, is the fourth-largest food crop be only second in the world after wheat, paddy rice, corn.But compared with the pure grain such as paddy rice, wheat crop, potato requires low to weather condition, geographical strong adaptability, water loss is few, be easy to plantation, and industry chain (supply chain) is long, the space of value added by manufacture is very large, and be applicable China's actual conditions, have the sunrise industry of great potential, development prospect is wide.The potato seed of potato and various converted products have become the important component part in global economy trade.Given this, United Nations was decided to be " international potato year " 2008, even proposed " when crisis in food appears in future world, only having potato to save the mankind ".
Development Potato Industry is the important channel of guaranteeing grain security, it is the important means solving Peasants Income, it is the effective channel alleviating land supply bottleneck, it is the Important Action solving Arid&semi-arid area ecotope, being improve the crucial behave that public's dietary structure improves trophic level, is promote to solve the unbalanced important handgrip of regional development.
Potato growth adaptability is comparatively strong, and can plant throughout the country, the product of potato is the stem tuber of rich in starch.Potato to the demand of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium because cultivating the factors such as area, yield level and kind slightly difference.Stem, leaf can be promoted to grow for nitrogen and tuber starch, protein accumulation, phosphorus element promotes that plant fertility is healthy and strong, improves stem tuber quality and storage tolerance, increases starch content and output.Potassium element promotes the tuber starch accumulation in potato growth later stage, promotes the disease-resistant and tolerance to cold of plant.Often produce 1 ton of fresh potato and need 4.4-5.5 kilogram of nitrogen, 1.8-2.2 kilogram of phosphorus, 7.9-10.2 kilogram of potassium, proportions is 1:0.4:2.Visible, potato typically likes potassium crop.The trace elements such as manganese, iron, boron, zinc, molybdenum, have and accelerate potato plant growth, postpone disease and occur, and improve quality and raising shelf-stable.
Fertilizer, as " grain " of potato, plays decisive role to the yield and quality of potato.
All kinds of compounds (mixing) at present for potato growth are fertile, there is following problem:
1, great majority are all common inorganic fertilizer, and life-time service can make soil become to harden, and soil fertility weakens, and the crumb structure of soil is destroyed serious;
2, fertilizer nutrient is uneven;
3, fertilizer efficiency is short, utilization ratio is low, easily causes nutrient loss and later stage de-fertilizer;
4, not comprehensive nutrition, generally not containing the medium trace element such as sulphur, magnesium, boron, iron, zinc, manganese, molybdenum that is significantly increased to potato yield and quality, causes the not high and quality of potato yield to decline;
5, proportioning does not meet the regulation of fertilizer requirement of potato.
Company is by the investigation on the spot to the main planting area of potato, simultaneously in conjunction with regulation of fertilizer requirement and the fertilizing method of potato, researching and developing a kind of Tower-type melt granulation containing the long-acting full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, having proposed a new thinking for solving the problem.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, on the basis of Tower-type melt granulation compound fertilizer facility, according to regulation of fertilizer requirement and the fertilizing method of potato growth, carry out scientific and reasonable formula, pass through manure trial, achieve phasic results, the object of the invention is the shortcoming improving prior art, provides a kind of Tower-type melt granulation containing the long-acting full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate and production technology thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention's one, containing the full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, is made up of the raw material of following weight part: urea 344.3-394.3 part, monoammonium phosphate 1-160 part, potassium primary phosphate 1-110 part, potassium sulfate 410-500 part, boric acid 1-6 part, EDTA chelated zinc 1-3.3 part, EDTA chelated iron 1-4 part, EDTA Chelated Manganese 1-4 part, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.1-0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 1-10 part, inhibitor NAM1-8 part, potassium fulvate 1-10 part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is commercially available, wherein:
Described urea is small particle urea, nitrogen content >=46.2%, and particle diameter is 0.85mm-2.80mm;
Described potassium primary phosphate is white crystalline powder, content >=98%;
Described monoammonium phosphate is common powdery monoammonium phosphate, nutrient >=60%;
Described potassium sulfate is white powder, K
2o content>=52%;
Described boric acid is white powder, industrial acceptable end product;
Described EDTA chelated zinc: white powder, chelated zinc content >=15%;
Described EDTA chelated iron: yellow powder, chelated iron content >=13%;
Described EDTA Chelated Manganese: pale red powder, Chelated Manganese content >=13%;
Described Ammonium Heptamolybdate: white crystals, content >=98%;
Described anhydrous magnesium sulfate: white, content >=98%;
Described potassium fulvate: black powder, entirely water-soluble, xanthohumic acid content >=50%, potassium oxide content >=10%;
Described inhibitor NAM, Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences develops, and is made up of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and phosphorus element activator;
Above-mentioned raw materials is except urea, and the particle diameter of other raw materials is all within the scope of 0-1 millimeter; Described material content is all mass percent.
The present invention is containing the full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, and most preferably feed composition weight part is as follows: 344.3 parts, urea, monoammonium phosphate 160 parts, potassium primary phosphate 110 parts, potassium sulfate 500 parts, boric acid 6 parts, EDTA chelated zinc 3.3 parts, EDTA chelated iron 4 parts, EDTA Chelated Manganese 4 parts, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 10 parts, inhibitor NAM8 part, potassium fulvate 10 parts.
A kind of preparation method containing potassium fulvate full nutrition potato special fertilizer of the present invention comprises following processing step:
1) by raw material urea through high temperature 130 DEG C of-140 DEG C of meltings, enter in dashpot, then through transferpump pressurization, deliver in tower top tempering tank after metering;
2) first by potassium fulvate, boric acid, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA Chelated Manganese, Ammonium Heptamolybdate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, inhibitor NAM pre-mixing in proportion, and then after this mixture and potassium primary phosphate, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate are measured respectively, send in agitator and fully mix; Mixing raw material is sent in batch mixing well heater after crushing and screening, is heated to 70 DEG C-90 DEG C, then rises to tower top feed bin by chapelet;
3) by step 2) in batch mixing after heating in tower top feed bin after spiral metering scale evenly measures, send into above-mentioned steps 1) described in tempering tank, scattered paste shape material is mixed and made into through high shear agitation machine, temperature controls at 100 DEG C-120 DEG C, after vibrations metre filter falls granule foreign, overflow is to prilling spry, under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action, mixture is evenly sprayed glomerate little liquid; Spray the small droplets fallen slowly to fall in the tower of diameter 12 meters-20 meters high 105 meters-120 meters from shower nozzle, through with the upstream heat exchange in tower after be cooled to 45 DEG C-65 DEG C, namely become compound fertilizer granules; Again after cooling, screening and anti-caking process, measure, pack.
Tower-type melt granulation prepared by the present invention has the following advantages containing the long-acting full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate:
1, nutrient is balanced, stable
This technique is in micro molecule level, the raw materials such as urea, potassium primary phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate are fused into an organic nutrient entirety, by the mutual synergy between various nutrient, form balanced stable nutrient unit, ensure that the equilibrium of Fertilizer nutrient composition is with stable.
2, outward appearance is round and smooth, not easily hardens
This technique adopts high tower fused melt granulated, not only do not introduce moisture in production process, and effectively reduce product moisture by heating and melting and powder preheating, product particle outward appearance is round and smooth, moisture is extremely low, ultimate compression strength greatly and not easily harden.
3, fertilizer efficiency is long, utilization ratio is high, reduces labor capacity, reduces environmental pollution
This product adds appropriate inhibitor NAM, its main component is urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and phosphorus element activator, to minimizing nitrogen loss, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, extend fertilizer efficiency (can single-dose application, reduce labor capacity), reduce environmental pollution etc. and all have obvious effect.
4, comprehensive nutrition
Except containing except the required macroelement nitrogen of plant growth, phosphorus, potassium in product, also containing medium trace element sulphur, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, boron, molybdenum easily absorbed by crops.
5, soil is improved
Add potassium fulvate in product, can soil be improved, keep soil from packing together, stimulate plant growth simultaneously, improve fertilizer efficiency, strengthen crop anti-adversity, improve crop quality.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
Component: 360 parts, urea, potassium sulfate 480 parts, monoammonium phosphate 160 parts.
Preparation method: 1) by 360 parts of urea, through high-temperature fusion (130 DEG C-140 DEG C), enters in dashpot, then through transferpump pressurization, with being pumped in tower top mixing tank.
2) by 480 parts of potassium sulfate, 160 parts of monoammonium phosphates, send in agitator after metering and fully mix.Mixing raw material, after crushing and screening, sends into batch mixing heater heats to 85-90 DEG C.Carry machine by bucket type and deliver to tower top feed bin.
3) by step 2) in the hot batch mixing of tower top feed bin after spiral weighing balance evenly measures, send into above-mentioned steps 1) described in mixing tank, scattered paste shape material is mixed and made into through high shear agitation machine, temperature controls at 100 DEG C-120 DEG C, after vibrations metre filter falls granule foreign, overflow is to prilling spry, under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action, mixture is evenly sprayed glomerate small droplets.Spray the small droplets fallen slowly to fall in the tower of diameter 12-20 rice, high 105-120 rice from shower nozzle, through with the upstream heat exchange in tower after be cooled to 45-65 DEG C, namely become compound fertilizer granules.Metering packing after cooling, screening and anti-caking process again.
The product specification obtained is 18-8-25, not containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor and medium trace element.
embodiment 2:
Component: 394.3 parts, urea, potassium primary phosphate 100 parts, monoammonium phosphate 50 parts, potassium sulfate 410 parts, boric acid 6 parts, EDTA chelated iron 4 parts, EDTA chelated zinc 3.3 parts, EDTA Chelated Manganese 4 parts, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 10 parts, inhibitor NAM8 part, potassium fulvate 10 parts.
Preparation method: with embodiment 1.
The product specification obtained is 18-8-25, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor and medium trace element.
embodiment 3:
Component: 344.3 parts, urea, monoammonium phosphate 160 parts, potassium primary phosphate 110 parts, potassium sulfate 500 parts, boric acid 6 parts, EDTA chelated iron 4 parts, EDTA chelated zinc 3.3 parts, EDTA Chelated Manganese 4 parts, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 10 parts, inhibitor NAM8 part, potassium fulvate 10 parts.
Preparation method: with embodiment 1.
The product specification obtained is 15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor and medium trace element.
comparative example:
Common 17-17-17 S-based compound fertilizer
manure trial
Test site: Cao Si village, Wang Zhuan town, Feicheng, Tai'an, Shandong Province.
For examination soil nutrient content be: organic 1.07%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 79.6mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus (P
2o
5) 12.6mg/kg, available potassium (K
2o) 152.3mg/kg, soil pH value is 7.2.
For examination Potato Cultivars be: Holland 15.
4 process are established in this experiment altogether, specifically process in table 1, often process repetition 3 times, and random district group arranges, and experimental plot area is 32m
2, 8m × 4m rectangle, spacing in the rows 25cm, line-spacing 65cm, surrounding establishes protection row.Potato was sowed on March 10th, 2014, several 6.15 ten thousand strains/hectare of keeping a full stand of seedings, and on May 1st, 2014 topdresses once, and on June 28th, 2014 gathers in the crops, and amounts to 110 days vegetative period.
All process rates of fertilizer application are 60 kgs/acre, and every community rate of fertilizer application is 2.88kg, and equal 70% fertilizer is used for base to be executed, and 30% for imposing, and specifically in table 1, the field management measures such as all the other weedings, laxative, irrigation are identical.
the process of table 1 potato fertilization
Mensuration project and method: often process and select 10 strains to measure at random, measure potato plant height, branch amount at full-bloom stage.By community results, statistics stem tuber is heavy, individual plant stem tuber heavy, stem tuber indulges footpath and transverse diameter and output.
the potato economic characters of table 2 different fertilization
Branch amount is an important indicator of potato aerial growth gesture power, and when branch is many, its blade quantity is relatively many, and photosynthetic efficiency is also high, to the formation of underground stem block with grow favourable.As shown in Table 2, use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) branches is all higher than other fertilizer treatment, wherein high by 30.4% than common 17-17-17 process, higher than 18-8-25 by 50%, than 18-18-25(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) high by 7.1%.
Individual plant stem tuber number to use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) the highest, higher by 63.6% than common 17-17-17 process, higher than 18-8-25 by 5.9%.
Individual plant stem tuber is heavy to use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) the highest, higher by 37.3% than common 17-17-17 process, higher than 18-8-25 25.3%, than 18-18-25(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) high by 5.5%.
Stem tuber indulges footpath to use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) the highest, higher by 26.7% than common 17-17-17 process, higher than 18-8-25 11.8%, than 18-18-25(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) high by 5.6%.
Stem tuber transverse diameter is to use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) the highest, higher by 36.4% than common 17-17-17 process, higher than 18-8-25 18.4%, than 18-18-25(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) high by 4.7%.
To sum up, as shown in Table 2, potato each economic target all to use embodiment 3(15-6-30, containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) the best of processing.
the potato yield of table 3 different fertilization
As shown in Table 3, the output size order of each fertilizer treatment is: 15-6-30(is containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) > 18-8-25(is containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) > 18-8-25 > 17-17-17.Use 15-6-30(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) contain potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element than 18-8-25() increase production 3.95 t/hm
2, stimulation ratio is 6.70%, and illustrate that 15-6-30 is more reasonable than the proportioning of 18-8-25 on potato fertilizer, this is because potato is tuber crops, large to the demand of potassium.And 15-6-30(is containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) with 18-8-25(containing potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element) output all higher than 18-8-25,17-17-17, the plant recovery of nutrient that can significantly improve fertilizer after adding potassium fulvate, inhibitor and medium trace element is described, promotes potato growth.
Therefore, potato special formula fertilizer nutrient formula of the present invention contains potassium fulvate, inhibitor, medium trace element with the 15-6-30(of embodiment 3) the most reasonable.
Claims (3)
1., containing the full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, it is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight part: urea 344.3-394.3 part, monoammonium phosphate 1-160 part, potassium primary phosphate 1-110 part, potassium sulfate 410-500 part, boric acid 1-6 part, EDTA chelated zinc 1-3.3 part, EDTA chelated iron 1-4 part, EDTA Chelated Manganese 1-4 part, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.1-0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 1-10 part, inhibitor NAM1-8 part, potassium fulvate 1-10 part;
Above-mentioned raw materials is commercially available, wherein:
Described urea is small particle urea, nitrogen content >=46.2%, and particle diameter is 0.85mm-2.80mm;
Described potassium primary phosphate is white crystalline powder, content >=98%;
Described monoammonium phosphate is common powdery monoammonium phosphate, nutrient >=60%;
Described potassium sulfate is white powder, K
2o content>=52%;
Described boric acid is white powder, industrial acceptable end product;
Described EDTA chelated zinc: white powder, chelated zinc content >=15%;
Described EDTA chelated iron: yellow powder, chelated iron content >=13%;
Described EDTA Chelated Manganese: pale red powder, Chelated Manganese content >=13%;
Described Ammonium Heptamolybdate: white crystals, content >=98%;
Described anhydrous magnesium sulfate: white, content >=98%;
Described potassium fulvate: black powder, entirely water-soluble, xanthohumic acid content >=50%, potassium oxide content >=10%;
Described inhibitor NAM, Shenyang Inst. of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences develops, and is made up of urease inhibitor, nitrification inhibitor and phosphorus element activator;
Above-mentioned raw materials is except urea, and the particle diameter of other raw materials is all within the scope of 0-1 millimeter; Described material content is all mass percent.
2. as claimed in claim 1 containing the full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, it is characterized in that being made up of the raw material of following weight part: 344.3 parts, urea, monoammonium phosphate 160 parts, potassium primary phosphate 110 parts, potassium sulfate 500 parts, boric acid 6 parts, EDTA chelated zinc 3.3 parts, EDTA chelated iron 4 parts, EDTA Chelated Manganese 4 parts, Ammonium Heptamolybdate 0.4 part, anhydrous magnesium sulfate 10 parts, inhibitor NAM8 part, potassium fulvate 10 parts.
3. prepare as claimed in claim 1 or 2 containing a method for the full nutrition potato special fertilizer of potassium fulvate, it is characterized in that comprising following processing step:
1) by raw material urea through high temperature 130 DEG C of-140 DEG C of meltings, enter in dashpot, then through transferpump pressurization, deliver in tower top tempering tank after metering;
2) first by potassium fulvate, boric acid, EDTA chelated zinc, EDTA chelated iron, EDTA Chelated Manganese, Ammonium Heptamolybdate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, inhibitor NAM pre-mixing in proportion, and then after this mixture and potassium primary phosphate, potassium sulfate, monoammonium phosphate are measured respectively, send in agitator and fully mix; Mixing raw material is sent in batch mixing well heater after crushing and screening, is heated to 70 DEG C-90 DEG C, then rises to tower top feed bin by chapelet;
3) by step 2) in batch mixing after heating in tower top feed bin after spiral metering scale evenly measures, send into above-mentioned steps 1) described in tempering tank, scattered paste shape material is mixed and made into through high shear agitation machine, temperature controls at 100 DEG C-120 DEG C, after vibrations metre filter falls granule foreign, overflow is to prilling spry, under shower nozzle rotational shear centrifugal action, mixture is evenly sprayed glomerate little liquid; Spray the small droplets fallen slowly to fall in the tower of diameter 12 meters-20 meters high 105 meters-120 meters from shower nozzle, through with the upstream heat exchange in tower after be cooled to 45 DEG C-65 DEG C, namely become compound fertilizer granules; Again after cooling, screening and anti-caking process, measure, pack.
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