CN103120087B - A kind of nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method - Google Patents
A kind of nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103120087B CN103120087B CN201110384076.5A CN201110384076A CN103120087B CN 103120087 B CN103120087 B CN 103120087B CN 201110384076 A CN201110384076 A CN 201110384076A CN 103120087 B CN103120087 B CN 103120087B
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Abstract
This invention relates to a kind of nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method, its concrete steps be first select can grow fine on nefied, fine quality that strong stress resistance, yielding ability are high, then the above-mentioned kind chosen is laid irrigate band, plastic film mulch, seeding operation by disposable the completing of planter on film, irrigate band is connected with drip irrigation system, carry out under-film drip irrigation, topdress with water.Application the present invention can improve the land utilization rate of nefied, improves the economic benefit of defending and controlling sand work early stage, the nitrogen fixation of soybean also can be utilized simultaneously to improve constantly the soil fertility of nefied.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation in agrotechnique, is exactly a kind of high-yield cultivating method of planting soybean on nefied.
Background technology
At the beginning of 2011, Information Office of the State Council holds news conference with regard to the 4th national desertification and desertification monitoring situation.Learn from news briefing, in order to grasp China's desertification and the up-to-date change tread that desertifies, the State Administration of Forestry has organized the 4th national desertification and desertification monitoring.Monitoring result shows, and by the end of the year 2009, national Desertification Soil area 262.37 ten thousand square kilometres, sandy land area 173.11 ten thousand square kilometres, will account for 27.33% and 18.03% of territory total area respectively.Xinjiang has advantageous water and soil, sunlight-heat reaources.Sunshine time is long, and accumulated temperature is many, and day and night temperature is large, and frost-free season is long, year solar radiation amount be only second to Tibet.The title that Shihezi has " Gobi desert jewel ", reclamation area is located in Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountains stage casing, Gurbantunggut Desert nefud south edge, most agriculture and animal husbandry groups field all borders on desert, have a large amount of nefieds, we can utilize these nefieds to carry out soybean planting, and then are extended to full autonomous region of full formation, make Xinjiang become the new major soybean production areas of China, be conducive to the gap problem solving China soybean.And utilize the nitrogen fixation of soybean progressively can improve the soil fertility of these nefieds, and then recover land capability, reach the object of defending and controlling sand, so not only can reduce the input desertifying and administer, certain economic benefit can also be had simultaneously.
State Intellectual Property Office discloses two patents about soybean high-yield cultivation technique.
Publication number is " method of soybean large area Super-high-yielding " of CN1401215A, it is characterized in that being realized by following step: 1) choose seeds, choosing " 986 " soybean; 2) apply fertilizer, execute three elements N, P with mu
2o
5, K
2o makes base manure; 3) date of seeding, April is selected; 4) planting density, its comparatively suitable density every mu 9000-11000 strain.The density of this cultivation method is at 9000-11000 plant/acre, density is too low, by this density calculation, target output 300kg/ mu, single plant yield should be more than or equal to 30g, reach the watering, fertilizing Method compare difficulty that this desired quantity is traditional, if meet extreme weather again, soybean per plant bears pods to count and significantly reduces, the just more difficult object reaching high yield, and the irrigation method that the method adopts is traditional irrigation mode, can not solve the shortcoming that nefied preserve moisture and fertility ability is low, be unsuitable for applying on nefied.
Publication number is " a kind of cultivation method of high yield of soybean " of CN1202308A, it is characterized in that selecting the soybean varieties liking close property, the ridge in arable land, apart from being 97.6 centimetres or 130 centimetres, is sowed after fertilising, thickness of sowing is hectare 380,000 strain to 42 ten thousand strain, gathers in the crops through weeding, intertillage stage.The strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings of this cultivation method is at 38-42 ten thousand strains/hectare, i.e. 2.5-2.8 ten thousand plants/acre, density is larger, early stage is easily because cause the prosperous length of plant to the competition of light between plant but stem stalk is tiny, later stage should lodge causes results difficulty, and blooming, pod bearing period can cause a large amount of flower-pod shedding and the underproduction because the ability of ventilation and penetrating light reduces, and the method is the same with " method of soybean large area Super-high-yielding ", the irrigation method adopted is traditional irrigation mode, is also unsuitable for applying on nefied.
Plastic film mulching cultivation has and heats, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, improves soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, suppress weed growth, alleviate the effect of disease, the function reducing humidity is also had when continuous rainfall, thus promotion vine growth and development, early flowering result, the effects such as increase yield, minimizing labor cost.But some harmful effects of corresponding generation in plastic film mulching cultivation, as due to organic matter decomposition after epiphragma fast, crop utilization rate is high, and what fertilizer supplemented lacks, and land fertility is declined or precocity also can be caused not increase production because of the miscarriage of cover layer, even having underproduction phenomenon.More should not adopt plastic film mulching cultivation at non-irrigated sand ground because after non-irrigated sand ground epiphragma soil temperature at noon time easily produce high temperature, can the underproduction be caused on the contrary when arid is more serious.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for the lower feature of the preserve moisture and fertility ability of nefied, a kind of nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method is provided, the irrigation technique of abundant this advanced science of utilization under-film drip irrigation, solve the lower and defect that preserve moisture and fertility ability is lower of nefied fertility, make full use of the light on nefied, heat, the all Multi-environment factor of gas, improve nefied land utilization rate, utilize the nitrogen fixation of soybean to improve constantly the soil fertility of nefied simultaneously, while reaching object of defending and controlling sand, there is good economic benefit, and technology simplifies, easy penetration and promotion.
A kind of nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method: first select can grow fine on nefied, fine quality that strong stress resistance, yielding ability are high, then the above-mentioned kind chosen is laid irrigate band, plastic film mulch, seeding operation by disposable the completing of planter on film, irrigate band is connected with drip irrigation system, require to feed water as required to the difference of moisture each breeding time according to soybean, sowing-flower bud differentiation period soil moisture content will be poured water in time lower than 70%; Flowering stage, the soil moisture content of 0-40cm should control at 80-90%, dripped a water, irrigating water quota 37.5-45.0mm every 5-7 days; The grain that bears pods-rouse dripped a water every 7-9 days, irrigating water quota 30.0-37.5mm early stage; The drum maturing stage in grain later stage one dripped a water every 10-12 days, irrigating water quota 22.5-30.0mm; Under-film drip irrigation feeds water as required, topdresses with water, and early stage, soybean not easily overgrowed.
Above-mentioned nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method, fine quality is Semi-determinate, and stem bears pods, emerge to ripe breeding time be 115-130 days; This kind is insensitive to moisture, not easily overgrows.
Above-mentioned nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method, the pattern of program request on film is three film six pipe 12 row soybean, adopts wide-and narrow-row, and cave is apart from being 8-10cm, and results strain number is 1.4-1.6 ten thousand plants/acre, and film limit firming is tight; This medium density, later stage ventilation and penetrating light well easily reaches target output.
Above-mentioned nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method, topdresses the required liquid organic fertilizer imposed needs with different growing when soybean growth with water, supplies soybean utilization with in water instillation soil, emerge-full-bloom stage applies nitrogen 90-125kg/hm
2, phosphorus 40-50kg/hm
2, potassium 40-50kg/hm
2; The podding duration that bears pods applies nitrogen 60-100kg/hm
2, phosphorus 160-200kg/hm
2, potassium 100-110kg/hm
2, wherein pod bearing period, applies phosphorus 130-140kg/hm
2; Utilize under-film drip irrigation, topdress as required with water, utilization rate of fertilizer improves.
Above-mentioned nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method tool has the following advantages:
By Fruit variety technology, determine planted soybean varieties has good growing way on nefied, drought resistance and barren-resistant ability stronger.
After film-mulching technique is combined with drip irrigation technique, fertilizer can input root of the crop layer in time by droping irrigating pipe, not only increase utilization rate of fertilizer, and ground temperature under film can be reduced by regulating water cycle and irrigating water quota at high temperature season, improve the phenomenon occurring excessive temperature because of covering with plastic film, make full use of mulch film water conservation, fertilizer conservation advantage to realize the object of nefied soybean culture high yield.
Utilize this advanced irrigation technique of under-film drip irrigation can solve the low shortcoming of nefied preserve moisture and fertility ability, to supply water as required fertilizer according to the water regulation of fertilizer requirement that needs of each growthdevelopmental stage of soybean again, reach and plant soybean and the object of high yield (per mu yield >=300kg) on nefied.
Nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method does not need ridging, results strain number about 1.5 ten thousand strains/mu, early stage not easily prosperous length, later stage ventilation and penetrating light well ensure that full pod of bearing pods, adopt drip irrigation under film to feed water as required to fertilizer, under extreme weather conditions, on nefied, plant the minimum single plant yield (>=20g) that soybean also can reach required.
The each hillslope processes of artificial sand ground in research institute was gathered in the crops separately in 2011, the community average yield per mu utilizing nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method of the present invention to plant is 345.6kg/ mu, the cell production (average yield per mu 255.1kg/ mu) comparatively utilizing conventional drip irrigation under film to plant on nefied has exceeded 90.5kg/ mu, increased production 35.48%, effect of increasing production is obvious.
Soybean has stronger nitrogen fixation, after nefied utilizing the present invention plant soybean, utilize nitrogen fixation progressively can improve the soil fertility of nefied, the total nitrogen content of the sandy soil sample plot in institute of Tian Ye Agricultural Research Institute brings up to 0.1559% at the beginning of 2011 from 0.0348% of autumn calendar year 2001, and content improves nearly 4 times.
Embodiment
Be described in detail with example below.Nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method is as follows:
Embodiment one
1, front preparation is broadcast
Select can grow fine on nefied, the high yield fine quality of strong stress resistance, its breediness is Semi-determinate, and stem bears pods, emerge to ripe breeding time be 115 days.
2, program request on film
Nefied melts very fast at Spring Snow Cover, ground temperature rises fast, and sowing date, comparatively loam can shift to an earlier date 5-10 days, relatively more early better under the prerequisite ensureing temperature, can start sowing on April 5.Adopt planter on film to sow, operation is disposable completes for paving irrigate band, overlay film, punching, bunch planting, earthing etc.The single-blade labyrinth type drip irrigation tape that irrigate band adopts Xingjiang Tianye Co. to produce.Its cropping pattern is three film six pipe 12 row soybean, wide-and narrow-row, and cave is apart from 9cm, and results strain number is 1.5 ten thousand plants/acre.Strictly hold seeding quality to close, accomplish to broadcast row straight, line-spacing is consistent, and seeding down is even, and the depth is suitable, and really, film limit firming is tight in suppression.
3, under-film drip irrigation
Productive experiment field of the present invention due to spring short of rain, soil moisture is not enough, and after planting drip irrigation is emerged water immediately.In the process of irrigating, weigh with soil relative water content and whether irrigate.Sowing-flower bud differentiation period can not be poured water too much, will pour water in time lower than 70%, in order to avoid cause large bean seedlings excessive growth; Flowering stage, soybean water requirement increased, and the soil moisture content of 0-40cm controls at 80-90%, needs water requirement to meet soybean, dripped a water, irrigating water quota 37.5mm every 5 days, and the water of instillation answers moistening most of root layer; The grain that bears pods-rouse should ensure sufficient moisture supply early stage, and make full seed, this phase soil moisture content controls about 70%, drips a water, irrigating water quota 30.0mm every 7 days; Drum grain later stage-maturing stage suitably will reduce irrigation quantity, extends irrigation frequency, drips water, irrigating water quota 26.5mm every 11 days.
4, Sui Shui topdresses
Apply fertilizer in soybean nefied drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method based on the organic drip irrigation fertilizer of liquid, suitably add the necessary medium trace element of some soybeans they grows.According to soybean different times institute expense, execute with water droplet: needed for the liquid organic fertilizer that imposes when soybean growth with the needs of different growing, soybean utilization is supplied with in water instillation soil, drip when proceeding to 2/3rds at every turn, start to drip fertilizer, after fertilizer drips off, continue to drip and at least can cut off the water after 30min.Emerge-full-bloom stage applies nitrogen 110kg/hm
2, phosphorus 45kg/hm
2, potassium 45kg/hm
2; The podding duration that bears pods applies nitrogen 80kg/hm
2, phosphorus 180kg/hm
2, potassium 105kg/hm
2, wherein pod bearing period, applies phosphorus 135kg/hm
2.
Embodiment two
Watered a water every 7 days, irrigating water quota 45.0mm flowering stage with embodiment one difference; The grain that bears pods-rouse watered a water every 9 days, irrigating water quota 37.5mm early stage; Drum grain later stage-maturing stage every 12 days drip water, irrigating water quota 30mm.
Embodiment three
Watered a water every 6 days, irrigating water quota 41.5mm flowering stage with embodiment one difference; The grain that bears pods-rouse watered a water every 8 days, irrigating water quota 34mm early stage; Drum grain later stage-maturing stage every 10 days drip water, irrigating water quota 22.5mm.
Embodiment four
With embodiment one difference be emerge-full-bloom stage applies nitrogen 90kg/hm
2, phosphorus 40kg/hm
2, potassium 40kg/hm
2; The podding duration that bears pods applies nitrogen 100kg/hm
2, phosphorus 200kg/hm
2, potassium 110kg/hm
2, wherein pod bearing period, applies nitrogen 140kg/hm
2.
Embodiment five
With embodiment one difference be emerge-full-bloom stage applies nitrogen 125kg/hm
2, phosphorus 50kg/hm
2, potassium 50kg/hm
2; The podding duration that bears pods applies nitrogen 60kg/hm
2, phosphorus 160kg/hm
2, potassium 100kg/hm
2, wherein pod bearing period, applies phosphorus 130kg/hm
2.
Embodiment six
With embodiment one difference be the kind selected emerge to ripe breeding time be 130 days.
Embodiment seven
With embodiment one difference be the kind selected emerge to ripe breeding time be 123 days.
Embodiment eight
Be cave apart from being 8cm with embodiment one difference, results strain number is 1.6 ten thousand plants/acre.
Embodiment nine
Be cave apart from being 10cm with embodiment one difference, results strain number is 1.4 ten thousand plants/acre.
Claims (4)
1. a nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method, it is characterized in that: first select can grow fine on nefied, fine quality that strong stress resistance, yielding ability are high, then the above-mentioned kind chosen is laid irrigate band, plastic film mulch, seeding operation by disposable the completing of planter on film, complete the connection of irrigate band and drip irrigation system, finally require to carry out under-film drip irrigation as required to the difference of moisture each breeding time on nefied according to soybean, sowing-flower bud differentiation period soil moisture content will be poured water in time lower than 70%; Flowering stage, the soil moisture content of 0-40cm should control at 80-90%, dripped a water, irrigating water quota 37.5-45.0mm every 5-7 days; The grain that bears pods-rouse dripped a water every 7-9 days, irrigating water quota 30.0-37.5mm early stage; Drum grain later stage-maturing stage dripped a water every 10-12 days, irrigating water quota 22.5-30.0mm, and carries out topdressing with water in conjunction with under-film drip irrigation.
2. nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fine quality is Semi-determinate, and stem bears pods, emerge to ripe breeding time be 115-130 days.
3. nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on film, demand mode is three film six pipe 12 row soybean, adopt wide-and narrow-row, cave is apart from 8-10cm, results strain number is 1.4-1.6 ten thousand plants/acre, and film limit firming is tight.
4. nefied soybean under-film drip irrigation high-yield cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: topdress the required liquid organic fertilizer imposed needs with different growing when soybean growth with water, soybean utilization is supplied with in water instillation soil, emerge-full-bloom stage applies nitrogen 90-125kg/hm
2, phosphorus 40-50kg/hm
2, potassium 40-50kg/hm
2; The podding duration that bears pods applies nitrogen 60-100kg/hm
2, phosphorus 160-200kg/hm
2, potassium 100-110kg/hm
2, wherein pod bearing period, applies phosphorus 130-140kg/hm
2.
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| CN104429467B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-02-15 | 沈阳远大科技园有限公司 | Crop cultivation method for desertification land control |
| CN106358545A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-02-01 | 甘肃金农肥业有限公司 | Fertilization method for Baihao |
| CN110105104A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-08-09 | 湖北格林凯尔农业科技有限公司 | A kind of dedicated Water soluble fertilizer, preparation method and application promoting green soy bean bud differentiation |
| CN115136861B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-09-08 | 新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所 | Xinjiang summer sowing soybean high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
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| CN102301897A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-01-04 | 石河子科学技术开发交流中心 | Method for cultivating soybeans obtained through drip irrigation under mulching film |
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| CN1202308A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-23 | 唐凤吉 | Cultivating method for high yield of soybean |
| CN1300533A (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-27 | 中国科学院黑龙江农业现代化研究所 | Dense planting method for soybean |
| CN1401215A (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2003-03-12 | 胡四平 | Large area soybean superhigh yield method |
| CN101180945A (en) * | 2007-12-07 | 2008-05-21 | 辽宁极乐农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for breeding space soybean new species and cultural technique |
| CN102301897A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2012-01-04 | 石河子科学技术开发交流中心 | Method for cultivating soybeans obtained through drip irrigation under mulching film |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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