CN103086698B - 由飞灰制造制品 - Google Patents

由飞灰制造制品 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103086698B
CN103086698B CN201210500336.5A CN201210500336A CN103086698B CN 103086698 B CN103086698 B CN 103086698B CN 201210500336 A CN201210500336 A CN 201210500336A CN 103086698 B CN103086698 B CN 103086698B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
flying dust
water
matrix
brick
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201210500336.5A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103086698A (zh
Inventor
奥巴达.卡亚里
卡尔.J.肖
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NewSouth Innovations Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
NewSouth Innovations Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2003905445A external-priority patent/AU2003905445A0/en
Application filed by NewSouth Innovations Pty Ltd filed Critical NewSouth Innovations Pty Ltd
Publication of CN103086698A publication Critical patent/CN103086698A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103086698B publication Critical patent/CN103086698B/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
    • C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
    • C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00—Clay-wares
    • C04B33/30—Drying methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
    • C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
    • C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
    • C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
    • C04B35/6266—Humidity controlled drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
    • C04B35/636—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B35/6365—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
    • C04B2235/444—Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
    • C04B2235/6021—Extrusion moulding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/606—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
    • C04B2235/77—Density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S106/00—Compositions: coating or plastic
    • Y10S106/01—Fly ash
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/49—Processes of using fly ash

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种形成具有含烧结飞灰的基体的成型制品的方法。所述方法包括将飞灰和水共混在一起，产生飞灰团的步骤。加入的水超过飞灰所吸收的水，以便所述团包含游离水以致至少部分处于流体状态。该方法还包括由飞灰团形成所需形状的未烧结制品，并在未烧结制品形成期间和/或形成后从飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水的步骤。随后烧制未烧结制品以便通过烧结它的飞灰基体而硬化成型制品。本发明还提供基体为烧结飞灰的建筑元件。

Description

由飞灰制造制品
本发明申请是基于申请日为2003年11月17日，申请号为200380110486.4(国际申请号为PCT/AU2003/001533)，发明名称为“由飞灰制造制品”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明一般性地涉及由飞灰(fly ash)形成的成型制品和形成这种制品的方法。为制造结构元件，尤其但不是排他性地开发了本发明，本文就这一点描述本发明。但是，应理解本发明具有较宽的应用，并可能用于生产各种各样的制品，既有结构上的又有非结构上的。
背景技术
飞灰是燃煤发电厂中煤燃烧的副产品。飞灰被大量制造并通常包含引起处理问题的重金属如镉、铬、锌和铅。在设法减小飞灰的环境影响时，已经考虑飞灰的各种用途以既有助于飞灰处理又得到一些经济收益。
一种这种应用是制造包含飞灰作为组成部分的砖。这些砖通常包括与粘土混合的飞灰并被火硬化。虽然这些砖设法利用飞灰，但它们没有被视为可行的结构建筑元件。特别地，在制造成本可与现有砖竞争、具有一致质量并且在结构性能范围内表现充分的包含飞灰的砖方面遇到困难。
发明内容
在第一方面，本发明提供形成具有基体(matrix)的成型制品的方法，所述基体包含烧结的飞灰，所述方法包括步骤：
将飞灰和水共混在一起，产生飞灰团(dough)，加入的水超过飞灰所吸收的水，以便团包含游离水以致至少部分处于流体状态；
由飞灰团形成所需形状的未烧结制品(green article)，
在未烧结制品形成期间和/或形成后，从所述飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水；和
随后烧制未烧结制品以便通过烧结它的飞灰基体而硬化成型制品。
在具体实施方案中，使塑化剂(plasticizer)与飞灰和水混合。使用塑化剂的优点在于它减少了构成至少部分是流体的可加工状态的团所需要的游离水量。这又减少了为获得制品所需性质而随后可能需要除去的水量，从而允许更有效加工制品以及允许在它的生产期间更好地控制制品的形状和尺寸。
根据上述形式的方法理想地适合于工业规模制造制品。在一种形式中，方法仅仅使用三种成分，即飞灰、水和塑化剂。由于飞灰是一种副产品，因此它是一种便宜并且容易得到的成分。此外，该方法能够用于与粘土砖制造类似的生产线方式。通过控制团中的水含量，制品可被最初成型，不需要模具，因为团可显示出足够的尺寸稳定性。同时，可通过控制未烧结制品的水含量以及烧制温度和持续时间能够容易地控制制品性质。在制造期间能够控制这些参数中的每一个，由此允许生产具有一致质量的制品。
应认识到，如果需要可向混合物中掺入其它添加剂。例如，可掺入颜料以为制品着色。还可掺入更多的添加剂以改善混合物的性质或产生未烧结制品。例如，可掺入微量的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)以凝胶混合物而不需要过多的水。这种添加剂还防止团在延长的熟化(curing)期情况下的潜在收缩和开裂。从加入微量氯化钙溶液中也可获得类似于CMC的效果。
本发明的方法具有用于制造结构元件(例如砖)的特别用途。本发明人发现单独或至少主要由烧结飞灰形成的砖具有比常规粘土砖更高的抗压强度和断裂模数。此外，通过控制未烧结制品中的水含量以及烧制温度和持续时间，可控制飞灰基体的结构和它的表面特征。这又允许控制制品的吸收初速(initialrate of adsorption)和吸收容量(adsorption capacity)，两者都是重要的性质，尤其在砖制造中。此外，减少游离水降低了烧制未烧结制品时爆裂的风险，并因此保证了尽可能没有内部和外部开裂的更均匀烧结过程。
在本方法的具体实施方案中，未烧结制品在被烧制之前被熟化。在熟化期间，水与飞灰反应，以固化制品。
未烧结制品在这种熟化过程期间的固化可能归因于几个不同的反应。虽然不将本发明约束到理论，但发明人认为在飞灰为基体中仅有的胶结材料(cementitious material)时，可引起某些快速固化的唯一化合物是氧化钙。这种化合物在F级飞灰中少量地存在，在C级飞灰中大量存在。水和氧化钙之间的反应导致氢氧化钙的形成，其为制品提供一定的固化。随后，发生火山灰反应(pozzolanic reaction)，其中飞灰中的主要氧化物主要是二氧化硅和氧化铝与氢氧化钙反应形成比氢氧化物硬得多的和更多的胶结材料。得到的材料是产物的络合结晶和非结晶混合物，在它们的点阵中包含氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙和水的分子。
在具体实施方案中，在未烧结制品被熟化时从基体中减少游离水。在优选形式中，未烧结制品在这种熟化过程中受到低至中等加热。这种安排的优点在于温和加热能够在不引起基体过度开裂的情况下减少游离水。此外，水的缓慢排出还给予一部分水既通过水合飞灰中的胶结材料又在火山灰反应下与飞灰反应的时间。在具体实施方案中，未烧结制品中的水分含量在熟化期间被减少至1和5%之间，更优选在2和4%之间。
在一种形式中，在高湿度下加热未烧结制品。这种安排的优点在于它能够促进未烧结制品在整个制品中更均匀地固化。
这种熟化过程消耗团中已存在的游离水，并可能需要一部分补给水(additional water)以补偿自脱水。在优选的形式中，补给水可从潮湿空气得到。
在根据上述形式的过程中，利用两种独立的反应；首先通过氢氧化钙的形成获得最初的固化，其次通过火山灰反应获得更进一步的固化。如果该过程只依赖这些反应的前者，则由于飞灰中氧化钙的有限数量而限制烧制前未烧结制品的固化。固化未烧结制品的优点在于改善了它被处理能力和它在烧制期间的尺寸稳定性，两者在成型制品的商业制造中都是重要的。
在一种优选形式中，在30℃-80℃范围内的温度内，更优选在55℃-65℃的范围内熟化未烧结制品。
在一种优选形式中，使未烧结制品经受在20%相对湿度至60%相对湿度的范围内的湿度，更优选在35%相对湿度至45%相对湿度的范围内。
由于熟化优选在温和或中等加热和高湿度下进行，因此熟化的持续时间可相当大地变化，因为长的熟化时间不可能致使未烧结制品的基体开裂。通常，对于砖，熟化时间将为大约12小时至5天，更优选在1和3天之间。虽然熟化对除去水和固化未烧结制品重要，但希望减少熟化时间以减小制造过程时间。在一种形式中，本发明人发现2天对于熟化是足够的。
在一种优选形式中，在未烧结制品的烧制之前除去大多数游离水，如果不是全部的话。因而，由于烧制过程不会因基体中水蒸发而产生开裂或爆裂(burst)，所以能够更好地控制烧制制品的孔隙率。
如上所指出，烧制之前保持在未烧结制品中的水分含量在1%至5%范围之内，更优选在2%-4%范围内。
典型地，保持在制品中的水分由两部分组成。第一部分为进入水合反应并产生硅酸钙和硅酸铝水合络合物固体产物的水分。第二部分为在内孔内被捕集为水分的那些。第一部分抵抗砖在处理期间的破碎并经得起烧制期间逸出气体的内部压力。第二部分为保持在砖结构中的孔隙率的主要来源。
其它技术，例如团或未烧结制品的压制等可用来代替或结合使制品经受热和湿度的受控环境以减少水含量。
如上所指出，本发明人发现，烧制的温度和持续时间能够调整烧制制品的吸收性质，尤其在游离水基本上从未烧结制品中除去时。
在成型制品为砖的安排中，优选烧制温度在1000℃-1300℃范围内，更优选在1100℃-1250℃之间，烧制的持续时间在30分钟至6小时范围内，更优选在1至4小时范围内。在这个范围内烧制的砖的烧结飞灰基体不是光滑的(glazed)，并在吸收初速和吸收容量两方面显示出优异的吸收特性。
在另一方面，本发明涉及基体为烧结飞灰、抗压强度大于30MPa、断裂模数大于5Mpa、吸收初速(IRA)在0.2-5kg/m2/min之间和吸收容量在5-20%之间的建筑元件。
形成有这些性质的建筑元件理想地适合作为常规粘土砖的直接替代物。它们比常规粘土砖更坚固，尤其承受拉力时，并且由于它们的吸收性质而能与灰浆胶结良好。虽然元件的强度归因于烧结的飞灰基体，但吸收性质归因于元件的孔隙率和它们的表面特征。因而，根据本发明这个方面的建筑元件理想地适合于通过本发明较早方面来制造，即通过孔隙率和表面特征能够被控制的方面。
附图说明
下文中参考附图，方便地描述本发明的实施方案。应认识到附图和相关描述的细节将被理解为不代替本发明在前的宽泛描述。
在图中:
图1为具有烧结的飞灰基体的砖的横截面照片；
图2为图示飞灰砖制造步骤的流程图；
图3为飞灰砖的吸收容量作为烧制温度函数的图；
图4为飞灰砖的吸收初速作为烧制温度函数的图；
图5为砖的水分含量作为熟化时间函数的图；
图6为飞灰砖基体在1200℃温度下烧制时的显微照片；和
图7为飞灰砖基体在1040℃温度下烧制时的显微照片。
具体实施方式
首先从图1开始，图1披露了掺入基体11的飞灰砖10，基体11由烧结的飞灰12制成，烧结的飞灰12中分散有空隙13。烧结飞灰的结构和空隙的排列和散布决定砖10的结构强度和它的吸收容量(吸收初速和总吸收容量两方面)。
通常，空隙13分散在整个基体中，并主要包含小的互连空隙14和大的孤立空隙15。小的空隙14使得砖10多孔并能够吸水。这些小的空隙14主要为飞灰堆积密度和飞灰团在砖制造中经受的压实程度(degree of compaction)的函数。具有同等重要性，这些空隙为受烧制温度和持续时间控制的烧结过程的效率的函数。较小的空隙14还部分地归因于团制造中使用的塑化剂。塑化剂的包含减少了混合飞灰团需要的水量，同时容许可加工性容易。塑化剂的分散作用使得水被保持成液滴形式，这容许飞灰颗粒滚动到它们上面，并当通过蒸发和/或自脱水干燥时，液滴作为气泡而留下它们的痕迹。
飞灰颗粒典型地具有从1μm至150μm的粒度范围。典型地，超过66%的飞灰颗粒具有小于45μm的直径。中值粒径(median diameter)范围为2μm至10μm，并且灰的反应性由于较小尺寸的颗粒而增加。尽管可通过飞灰的分级调整堆积密度，但本发明人发现不需要这种筛选来给予如以下详述的所需强度和吸收容量性质。这具有不需要预处理飞灰的明显优点。飞灰可从来源(典型地为发电厂)处收集，并直接用作砖制造过程中的成分。
用于图1的砖的飞灰为F级。F级飞灰由烟煤(bituminous coal)产生，并主要为硅质的。按照ASTM分类，F级飞灰包含总共至少70%的为氧化硅、氧化铝和氧化铁的化合物。另一种飞灰被称为C级飞灰。这种来源于亚烟煤和褐煤。C级飞灰富含氧化钙。尽管F级飞灰中氧化钙的典型含量在2-4%之间，并通常低于10%，但C级飞灰中氧化钙的典型含量在10%和20%之间，并可高至26%。尽管本发明人使用含沥青的F级飞灰，但应认识到本发明不局限于这种类型，并也适用于C型飞灰。此外，C级飞灰中存在的高氧化钙含量用来促进固化和减少熟化时间，由此减少处理和进行烧制过程需要的时间。
较大的空隙15主要由砖正在形成时基体中捕集的空气形成。这些空隙15部分地为制造过程尤其是飞灰和水初始混合形成团和这种团的压实的函数。塑化剂通过它的分散和疏水作用也可促进在干制品中形成较大的空隙。
理想地，基体11不包括过多数量的较大空隙15，因为它们使基体变弱。但是，这些较大的空隙可有助于砖性质，因为它们用来减少烧制时可能的压力累积和用来减轻成品在碰到冻融(freezing and thawing)的地方中可能出现的应力。由于砖10是在实验室条件下被制造，因此对控制较大空隙15的存在有一定限制。可以预料，较大空隙的产生将在飞灰基体的形成可得到较好控制的商业过程中得到较好控制。
如图1的照片所示，砖的外缘16，即邻近外部的围缘17，仍是多孔的。尽管砖10结合了砖烧制时形成的皮18，但它不光滑并还结合了较小空隙14。因而，皮不会形成防止水渗入到砖10的阻挡层。
此外，没有贯穿砖基体的主要开裂或裂缝，这些开裂或裂缝会显著降低砖强度和促进砖的不一致吸水性。
砖基体11的结构提供了一致的强度和吸水特性，这使得砖10理想地适合作为常规粘土砖的代替物，这将在下文中更详细地讨论。
图2为示意地描述制造砖10的工艺20的流程图。在第一阶段21中，提供适当量的砖的成分。成分包括飞灰、水和塑化剂。
称量飞灰并放入合适的混凝土搅拌机或类似搅拌机中。然后加入总量约70%的水并混合和旋转团混合物(dough mixture)三分钟。总水量相对于飞灰为26升水:100kg飞灰。用于该实验的飞灰为符合ASTM标准的F级飞灰。这从使用煤的发电厂大量得到。但是，应认识到特定飞灰的使用不是必需的，但是它应该符合地方性质量标准。
然后加入塑化剂，在该例中为超塑化剂，并再继续混合三分钟。使用超塑化剂的目的是促进飞灰料浆或团的可加工性。超塑化剂为由HandyChemicals制造的聚萘磺酸盐的纯钠盐，并以商品名DISAL在市场上可买到。但是，使用特定的塑化剂显然不是必需的。它只对用最低量的水获得一致的可加工性是重要的，只要用量与使用的特定超塑化剂有关，则合适塑化剂的使用应该令人满意。在这种情况下，在DISAL为超塑化剂时，用量的比率为每100kg飞灰，200ml塑化剂。
然后加入其余的水并继续混合再三分钟直到混合完成。
混合各成分形成团发生在步骤22。此时，团可能被压实以限制空隙13(尤其是较大的空隙14)。可通过任何合适的技术进行压实，并且在本发明人进行的实验中，把飞灰团放入盘中并以与浇注混凝土类似的方式压实或在振动台上振动。当团混合物开始渗水(bleed)时停止压实或压缩。但是，在生产环境中，通常在压力下混合和挤出飞灰团，这将导致团的压实。
在步骤23中，形成砖坯(green brick)。在进行的实验中，通过迫使切割刀锯(cutter mould)进入团中，将团切成砖坯。然后从盘上移走这些砖。在工业规模操作中，在团被挤出的地方，将按照粘土砖制造采用的方式生产砖，其中在传送带上输送转，并用钢丝钳(wire cutter)切割。
在步骤24中，通过将未烧结制品放置在58℃和37%相对湿度的熟化室中48小时，熟化单独的未烧结制品。如先前所示，设计熟化过程以固化未烧结制品以及从飞灰基体中抽出大部分水。
图5为未烧结飞灰砖在熟化期间的水分含量图。该图显示了从混合直到烧制时的水分含量，烧制通常在熟化后24至72小时之间。显然，在熟化条件下，水分含量在48小时后稳定在约3.5%。水分的主要损失发生在第一个24小时之内。这个时期对于促进固化和排出不必要的水分是最关键的。两天后，残存水分由两部分组成。第一部分为参加水合反应并产生硅酸钙和硅酸铝水合络合物的固体产物的水分。第二部分为在内部孔内作为水分被捕集的那些。第一部分为抵抗砖在处理期间的破碎和经得起烧制期间逸出气体的内部压力所必需。第二部分为保持砖结构中孔隙的主要来源。
然后在步骤25烧制熟化过的砖以便烧结飞灰基体。在本实验中，将熟化过的制品被放入窑中，升高温度到1200℃，烧制砖3.5小时。
在过程的最后阶段，如步骤26所描述，然后使烧结的飞灰砖冷却至室温。
测试飞灰砖的各种性质，下面的表1对比了普通粘土砖与飞灰砖的性质。
为测定上述性质而进行的试验如下：
抗压强度：按照澳大利亚／新西兰标准AS/NZS 4456.4:1997，方法4：
Determining Compressive Strength of Masonry Units进行。
断裂模数：进行两次，一次按照澳大利亚／新西兰标准AS／NZS4456.15:1997，方法15:Determining Lateral Modulus of Rupture，第二次在单一砖上。这样做的原因是标准方法需要通过水平地胶结三块砖形成横梁(beam)。使用的胶为Epirez，一种环氧砂浆胶结剂。这种方法对于普通粘土砖操作很好，因为胶承受拉力时比粘土砖坚固，断裂线(failure line)通过砖。在本发明的飞灰砖情况下，在7.2MPa时通过胶缝发生断裂。这意味着砖比胶坚固，
7.2MPa是胶的强度。因此在不包括胶的单一砖上再次进行试验。结果证实，
飞灰的砖断裂模数值比7.2MPa值高，事实上为10.3MPa。
吸收初速：按照澳大利亚／新西兰标准AS／NZS 4456.17：1997，方法17：Determining Initial Rate of Absorption(Suction)进行。
吸收容量：按照澳大利亚／新西兰标准AS NZS4456.14：1997，方法14，Determining Water Absorption Properties进行。
平均密度：按照澳大利亚／新西兰标准AS／NZS 4456.8：1997，方法8：Determining Moisture Content and Dry Density进行。
因此，从上表可知，与常规粘土砖相比，飞灰砖10显然表现出优异的性质。
建筑砖的两种重要性质是吸收初速(IRA)和吸收容量。这两种性质对于砖具有特别的重要性。IRA对于砖的铺设和与灰浆的胶结具有重大的重要性。
高IRA导致灰浆干燥得太快并且因此使灰浆变弱和降低与砖的粘着性。另一方面，如果IRA过低，则砖接近灰浆的表面不会吸收过剩水量并将导致非常弱的灰浆层，其不会足够地穿透到砖的表面裂缝和孔内。总吸收容量的性质对于砖的性能也非常重要。很高的吸收作用导致易因体积变化而损坏，这将导致建筑物中砖的开裂和结构破坏。如果孔内部的水冻融也将导致开裂。但是太小的吸收作用也不是所需的。这是因为雨水如果不是部分被砖吸收的话，将往往非常快地向接缝处流掉，并可找到进入建筑物的途径以及降低灰浆接缝的耐久性。
本发明人进行了烧制温度对总吸收容量和吸收初速影响的更多试验。使用按照上述步骤制造的砖坯进行这些试验。唯一的差别是使用的烧制温度。这些试验的结果图示在图3和4中。
从图3和4清楚看到，烧制温度对烧结的飞灰砖的吸收性质有主要影响。此外，从以上结果可知，通过保持温度速度在1100℃至1250℃之间，可得到与常规粘土砖一致的优异吸收性质。
图6和7为在不同的温度下烧制时飞灰砖基体的显微照片。图6具有1200℃的烧制温度，而图7为在1040℃温度下烧制时的砖基体。在图6的显微照片中，砖的基体显示出遍及基体结构的更细和更一致的孔。飞灰基本上被烧结而没有被气化。相反，在图7公开的基体中，即砖在1040℃下被烧制时，飞灰没有被足够烧结，由此导致过分疏松和它结构强度的降低。
因此，本发明提供由飞灰制造制品的方法，该制品可工业规模生产，并在强度和吸收容量两方面显示出优异的性质，这使得这种制品理想地适合作为常规粘土砖的替代物。
在所附的权利要求中和在前面的发明描述中，除上下文由于表达语言或必要含义的另外要求之外，术语“包括”以包含的含义使用，即指定特征可与本发明各种实施方案中的更多特征有关。
在没有脱离本发明精神或环境的情况下，可对先前描述的部分进行变化和/或修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种形成具有基体的成型制品的方法，所述基体包含烧结的飞灰，所述方法包括步骤：
将超塑化剂、水和仅F级飞灰共混在一起，产生飞灰团，加入的水超过飞灰所吸收的水，以便所述团包含游离水以致至少部分处于流体状态；
由飞灰团形成所需形状的未烧结制品，
在30℃至80℃和20％至60％相对湿度熟化所述未烧结制品以便至少部分固化制品，
在未烧结制品形成期间和/或形成后，从所述飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水；和
随后烧制未烧结制品以便通过烧结它的飞灰基体而硬化成型制品。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中在未烧结制品熟化期间，从飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中在55℃至65℃的温度范围内对未烧结制品进行加热。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中湿度在35％相对湿度至45％相对湿度的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中在从飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水后，团中的水分含量在1-5％范围内。
6.根据权利要求1的方法，其中在从飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水后，团中的水分含量在2-4％范围内。
7.根据权利要求1的方法，其中熟化时间在12小时至5天之间。
8.根据权利要求1的方法，其中熟化时间在1天至3天之间。
9.根据权利要求1的方法，其中烧制温度在1000℃至1300℃的范围内。
10.根据权利要求1的方法，其中烧制温度在1100℃至1250℃之间。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中烧制的持续时间在30分钟至6小时范围内。
12.根据权利要求10的方法，其中烧制的持续时间在1小时至4小时之间。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项的方法，其中未烧结制品为建筑砖，并且烧制温度在1100℃至1250℃范围内。
14.一种建筑元件，具有烧结飞灰基体，并具有大于30MPa的抗压强度，大于5MPa的断裂模数，在0.2至5kg/m2/min之间的吸收初速(IRA)和在5-20％之间的吸收容量，其是通过根据权利要求1-12中的任一项的方法制造的。
15.根据权利要求14的建筑元件，其中建筑元件为建筑砖。
16.一种形成具有基体的成型制品的方法，所述基体具有烧结的飞灰，所述方法包括步骤：
将超塑化剂、水和仅F级飞灰共混在一起，生成飞灰团，加入的水超过飞灰所吸收的水，以便所述团包含游离水以致至少部分处于流体状态；
由所述飞灰团形成所需形状的未烧结制品，
在未烧结制品形成期间和/或形成后，从所述飞灰团中除去至少一部分游离水；和
随后烧制未烧结制品以便通过烧结它的飞灰基体而硬化成型制品，
其中所述成型制品是建筑元件，其具有烧结飞灰基体，并具有大于30MPa的抗压强度，大于5MPa的断裂模数，在0.2至5kg/m2/min之间的吸收初速(IRA)和在5-20％之间的吸收容量。
CN201210500336.5A 2003-10-03 2003-11-17 由飞灰制造制品 Expired - Fee Related CN103086698B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003905445A AU2003905445A0 (en) 2003-10-03 Manufacture of articles from fly ash
AU2003905445 2003-10-03

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2003801104864A Division CN1878736A (zh) 2003-10-03 2003-11-17 由飞灰制造制品

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103086698A CN103086698A (zh) 2013-05-08
CN103086698B true CN103086698B (zh) 2015-03-11

Family

ID=34397659

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2003801104864A Pending CN1878736A (zh) 2003-10-03 2003-11-17 由飞灰制造制品
CN201210500336.5A Expired - Fee Related CN103086698B (zh) 2003-10-03 2003-11-17 由飞灰制造制品

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNA2003801104864A Pending CN1878736A (zh) 2003-10-03 2003-11-17 由飞灰制造制品

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (3) US7264673B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1673317B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4677899B2 (zh)
CN (2) CN1878736A (zh)
AU (1) AU2003280223B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2539627C (zh)
ES (1) ES2502482T3 (zh)
MY (1) MY145892A (zh)
WO (1) WO2005033040A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005033040A1 (en) * 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Newsouth Innovations Pty Ltd Manufacture of articles from fly ash
US7998268B2 (en) * 2005-06-29 2011-08-16 Ecologic Tech Company, Inc. Method to produce durable non-vitrified fly ash bricks and blocks
CN101073895B (zh) * 2006-05-16 2011-08-31 重庆大学 垃圾焚烧飞灰成型方法
US8257486B2 (en) 2008-03-26 2012-09-04 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Composition for building material and a process for the preparation thereof
WO2009122439A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-08 Tata Chemicals Limited A process of preparing a building material from fly ash and effluent from a soda ash plant and a building material thereof
US20100206456A1 (en) * 2009-02-17 2010-08-19 Joseph Loyd Vandiver Abrasion resistant
RU2640684C2 (ru) * 2009-12-22 2018-01-11 Ньюсаут Инновэйшинс Пти Лимитед Обработка зольного уноса и изготовление изделий, содержащих составы на основе зольного уноса
US9085678B2 (en) 2010-01-08 2015-07-21 King Abdulaziz City For Science And Technology Clean flame retardant compositions with carbon nano tube for enhancing mechanical properties for insulation of wire and cable
WO2011116043A2 (en) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-22 Jwn, Inc. Cellular ceramics apparatus and methods of production
US9017595B2 (en) 2010-03-16 2015-04-28 Jwn, Inc. Cellular ceramics apparatus and methods of production
US8617308B1 (en) * 2010-07-01 2013-12-31 Calstar Products, Inc. Fly ash-based cementitious mixture
US9776921B2 (en) 2010-07-13 2017-10-03 The Belden Brick Company, Llc Bricks and method of forming bricks with high coal ash content using a press mold machine and variable firing trays
RU2013146187A (ru) * 2011-04-20 2015-05-27 ВЕКОР АйПи ХОЛДИНГС ЛИМИТЕД Способ получения керамических изделий из переработанных алюмосиликатов
AU2011366131B2 (en) 2011-04-22 2017-07-13 Mass S.P.A. Apparatuses, system and methods for forming pressed articles and pressed articles formed thereby
US8871019B2 (en) 2011-11-01 2014-10-28 King Abdulaziz City Science And Technology Composition for construction materials manufacturing and the method of its production
EP2644583A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-02 King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology (KACST) A method of coating a geopolymer onto an article
CZ305487B6 (cs) * 2013-02-28 2015-10-29 Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze Způsob zpracování energetických produktů
CZ2014431A3 (cs) * 2014-06-24 2015-08-12 Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze Způsob přípravy plynosilikátů bez použití autoklávu z energetických produktů
FR3026738B1 (fr) * 2014-10-03 2020-01-17 Eco-Tech Ceram Procede de fabrication d'un element solide en materiau de type ceramique, apte a etre utilise notamment pour le stockage de la chaleur-element solide associe
PL411413A1 (pl) 2015-02-27 2016-08-29 Uniwersytet Wrocławski Sposób scalania odpadów pylistych w spalarniach śmieci i elektrowniach oraz kompozycja mieszaniny scalającej
CN108623310A (zh) * 2018-05-21 2018-10-09 广东惠众新材料科技股份有限公司 一种陶板及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1052651A (zh) * 1990-12-31 1991-07-03 崔永福 粘土类烧成制品低耗节水快速制作方法
CN1075310A (zh) * 1993-02-08 1993-08-18 陈聘珍 用“粘性”粉煤灰作结合剂的全粉煤灰烧结陶瓷制品
CN1194197A (zh) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-30 拉德瓦公司 制备隔热产品的方法以及用该方法制备的建筑产品

Family Cites Families (92)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2274656A (en) * 1942-03-03 Reinforced garment
US2576565A (en) * 1947-04-04 1951-11-27 G And W H Corson Inc Ceramic product and method of making the same
US2724656A (en) 1952-06-21 1955-11-22 Atlas Werke Ag Lime-brick and method for its production
US3374101A (en) * 1965-07-06 1968-03-19 Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co Lightweight aggregate from fly ash pellets
US3354245A (en) * 1967-03-03 1967-11-21 Foster Harley Banner Method and composition of matter for forming ceramic structures
US3573940A (en) * 1969-01-31 1971-04-06 Us Interior Fly ash based preformed support structures
US4043831A (en) * 1975-07-07 1977-08-23 Cogas Development Co. Densification of coal fly ash
EP0003403B1 (en) * 1978-01-31 1981-07-29 United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Thermally insulating, fire resistant material and its production
FI72506C (sv) * 1979-07-02 1987-06-08 Flowcon Oy Sätt att tillverka lättballast av industriella avfall.
PL129013B1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1984-03-31 Akad Gorniczo Hutnicza Method of obtaining a ceramic material
US4377414A (en) * 1980-09-04 1983-03-22 A/S Niro Atomizer Shaped cementitious products
NL8100502A (nl) 1981-02-03 1982-09-01 Anton Mijnster Bouwstof.
JPS58115063A (ja) * 1981-12-29 1983-07-08 株式会社神戸製鋼所 異形軽量骨材の製造法
JPH0611659B2 (ja) * 1986-02-14 1994-02-16 宇部興産株式会社 低吸水性人工軽量骨材の製造方法
US4885203A (en) * 1987-07-01 1989-12-05 Applied Ultralight Technologies, Inc. Lightweight fired building products
NL8801506A (nl) * 1988-06-13 1990-01-02 Aardelite Holding Bv Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een kolenas bevattend hardbaar mengsel; werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van kolenasbevattende geharde korrels en kolenas bevattend bouwelement.
JPH02217355A (ja) * 1989-02-16 1990-08-30 Yasuhiro Hachiman フライアッシュを原料とする建築構造物の外装材の製造方法と外装材
US5145624A (en) * 1989-08-07 1992-09-08 The Dow Chemical Company Pressing of whiteware ceramic articles
KR930011260B1 (ko) * 1990-11-20 1993-11-29 박병욱 프라이 애쉬를 주재로 한 벽돌의 제조방법
US5718857A (en) * 1991-06-12 1998-02-17 Ferrock Corporation (Australia) Pty. Ltd. Process for forming solid aggregates including shaped articles
US5211750A (en) 1991-06-19 1993-05-18 Conversion Systems, Inc. Synthetic aggregate and landfill method
KR930002270A (ko) 1991-07-05 1993-02-22 에스. 리들 미첼 플라이 애쉬(fly ash) 조성물 및 이로부터의 물품 제조 방법
US5366548A (en) * 1991-07-05 1994-11-22 Riddle Mitchell S Volcanic fly ash and kiln dust compositions, and a process for making articles therefrom
KR930009663B1 (ko) 1991-07-29 1993-10-08 최종욱 플라이애쉬(Fly Ash)를 이용한 건축용 조적재의 제조방법
KR930011260A (ko) * 1991-11-28 1993-06-24 정몽헌 표면적이 증대된 전하저장 전극 제조방법
DE4139642A1 (de) 1991-12-02 1993-06-03 Rwe Entsorgung Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von ziegelformkoerpern
JPH05330898A (ja) * 1992-05-26 1993-12-14 Shiroyama Kosan Kk 高強度フライアッシュ焼結成形体の製造方法
ZA94974B (en) 1992-11-20 1994-08-24 Nils Richard Steward Building bricks and the manufacture thereof
US5350549A (en) 1993-04-15 1994-09-27 Valley Forge Laboratories, Inc. Synthetic aggregate compositions derived from spent bed materials from fluidized bed combustion and fly ash
US5358760A (en) * 1993-06-14 1994-10-25 Earl Richhart Process for producing solid bricks from fly ash, bottom ash, lime, gypsum, and calcium carbonate
US5508236A (en) * 1993-08-20 1996-04-16 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York Ceramic glass composition
JPH07247156A (ja) 1994-03-14 1995-09-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd フライアッシュ煉瓦の製造方法
US5584895A (en) 1994-04-18 1996-12-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Process for preparing solidified material containing coal ash
US5583079A (en) * 1994-07-19 1996-12-10 Golitz; John T. Ceramic products, of glass, fly ash and clay and methods of making the same
CN1062532C (zh) 1994-08-19 2001-02-28 冶金工业部武汉冶金建筑研究所 粉煤灰轻质隔热耐火砖
US5521132A (en) * 1994-09-01 1996-05-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Ash-based ceramic materials
CN1121902A (zh) 1994-11-09 1996-05-08 鞍山热电新材股份有限公司 无粘土粉煤灰烧结砖及其制法
IL111704A (en) * 1994-11-21 1999-04-11 B B B Dev And Production Of Go Ceramic mixtures and their production
CN1123781A (zh) * 1994-11-30 1996-06-05 夏东华 页岩轻质空心砖及其生产方法
US5534058A (en) * 1995-01-27 1996-07-09 Midway Environmental Associates, Inc. Structural products manufactured from fly ash
JPH09156998A (ja) * 1995-11-29 1997-06-17 Erudetsuku:Kk 石炭灰セラミックス、その製造方法及びその用途
CN1133271A (zh) 1995-12-26 1996-10-16 李善模 粉煤灰制砖及其使用的添加剂
US5830251A (en) * 1996-04-10 1998-11-03 Vortec Corporation Manufacture of ceramic tiles from industrial waste
CN1145886A (zh) 1996-04-11 1997-03-26 钱利众 一种粉煤灰砖、块
JPH1025171A (ja) 1996-07-05 1998-01-27 Oda Kensetsu Kk 高強度セラミック複合板の製造方法
AU3595297A (en) * 1996-07-09 1998-02-02 Pittsburgh Mineral And Environmental Technology, Inc. Method of making building blocks from coal combustion waste and related products
CN1203895A (zh) 1997-06-28 1999-01-06 鞍山钢铁集团公司 粉煤灰、硼泥烧结砖及其制造方法
DE19740787A1 (de) * 1997-09-17 1999-03-18 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Plastizität von keramischen Massen und Umkehr dieser Wirkung
CN1059881C (zh) 1997-09-21 2000-12-27 易甡贤 生产粉煤灰砖的新工艺
AU3297999A (en) 1998-02-18 1999-09-06 Pittsburgh Mineral And Environmental Technology, Inc. Method of making building blocks from coal combustion waste related products
CN1068921C (zh) 1998-03-06 2001-07-25 贾云峰 一种用粉煤灰制备烧结多孔砖和空心砖的方法
US7067181B2 (en) * 2003-08-05 2006-06-27 Siemens Power Generation, Inc. Insulating ceramic based on partially filled shapes
US6054074A (en) 1998-09-22 2000-04-25 Consol, Inc. Method for making manufactured aggregates from coal combustion by-products
KR19990007639A (ko) * 1998-10-15 1999-01-25 이기강 고상폐기물을 원료로 하는 세라믹 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
CN1083406C (zh) * 1998-10-23 2002-04-24 鞍钢实业发展总公司一炼钢实业总厂 高强度粉煤灰自燃烧结砖及其制造方法
CN1226529A (zh) 1998-12-11 1999-08-25 杜世永 一种免蒸养快速生产粉煤灰砖的工艺方法
US6277189B1 (en) 1999-08-31 2001-08-21 The Board Of Trustees Of Southern Illinois University Coal combustion by-products-based lightweight structural materials and processes for making them
CN1246460A (zh) 1999-10-08 2000-03-08 山东省济宁鲁西实业总公司 以煤矸石为结合剂的高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖工艺
CN1301676A (zh) 1999-12-28 2001-07-04 曲伟 粉煤灰压制砖
CN1260336A (zh) 2000-01-20 2000-07-19 王凤年 高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的生产工艺
DE10005707B4 (de) * 2000-02-09 2004-10-14 Pci Augsburg Gmbh Pulverförmige Zusammensetzung auf der Basis von wasserlöslichen Polymeren
EP1265822B1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2007-07-25 James Hardie International Finance B.V. Fiber cement building materials with low density additives
CN1095454C (zh) 2000-04-20 2002-12-04 青岛四海新型建筑材料有限公司 一种海排粉煤灰粘土空心砖的制备方法
JP2002029794A (ja) * 2000-07-14 2002-01-29 Seishin Kogyo Kk 廃棄ガラスを用いた微細骨材等の製造方法および焼結体
CN1105091C (zh) 2000-08-22 2003-04-09 日照绿卡经贸有限责任公司 高强度粉煤灰砌筑砖及其制备方法
CN1293295A (zh) 2000-09-08 2001-05-02 韦玮 烧结空心隔热砖及其生产工艺
CN100422118C (zh) * 2000-10-17 2008-10-01 小田建设株式会社 多孔吸音性陶瓷成型体及其制造方法
CN1365955A (zh) 2001-01-17 2002-08-28 陈齐鲁 一种粉煤灰砖及其制造方法
EP1236699A1 (en) * 2001-03-01 2002-09-04 Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. Composite material and shaped article with thermal conductivity and specific gravity on demand
AUPR507201A0 (en) * 2001-05-16 2001-06-07 Unisearch Limited Concrete aggregate
JP2003020265A (ja) 2001-07-02 2003-01-24 Japan Science & Technology Corp 多色性煉瓦の製造方法
CN1117040C (zh) 2001-08-08 2003-08-06 季东波 粉煤灰石膏复合砌块(砖)及其生产方法
US20030148879A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-08-07 Eac Operations, Inc. Technical ceramics made from combined municipal waste combustor ash
US6743383B2 (en) * 2002-03-26 2004-06-01 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Process for the production of ceramic tiles
US20040040245A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-03-04 Sinclair Robert F. Building block and system for manufacture
CN1179900C (zh) 2002-08-14 2004-12-15 李岚 高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖生产用模具及其生产方法
CN1189415C (zh) * 2002-09-09 2005-02-16 韦保行 高掺量粉煤灰烧结建筑用砖及其制备方法
WO2005033040A1 (en) * 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Newsouth Innovations Pty Ltd Manufacture of articles from fly ash
US20070227087A1 (en) * 2003-10-24 2007-10-04 Crane Plastics Company Llc Method of manufacturing simulated stone, brick, and masonry panels and wall structures
AU2003288709A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2005-07-14 Andhra Polymers Private Limited Improved ceiling tiles and a process for the manufacture thereof
EP2218700A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2010-08-18 Mega-Tech Holding B.V. Construction compostion and method for making a construction product
US7438757B2 (en) * 2004-04-15 2008-10-21 U.S. Technology Corporation Concrete block and method of making same
US20060032408A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-16 Strabala William M Method of making pozzolands and cementitious materials from coal combustion by-products
US7473722B2 (en) * 2004-11-08 2009-01-06 Certain Teed Corp. Polymer-fiber composite building material with bulk and aesthetically functional fillers
US20060100466A1 (en) * 2004-11-08 2006-05-11 Holmes Steven A Cycloalkane base oils, cycloalkane-base dielectric liquids made using cycloalkane base oils, and methods of making same
US7461696B2 (en) * 2004-11-30 2008-12-09 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods of fracturing using fly ash aggregates
US20060162929A1 (en) * 2005-01-26 2006-07-27 Global Synfrac Inc. Lightweight proppant and method of making same
US7459411B2 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-12-02 B.B.B.-Development And Production Of Building Products Ltd. Ceramic building elements
US20080006405A1 (en) * 2006-07-06 2008-01-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Methods and compositions for enhancing proppant pack conductivity and strength
AU2007200392A1 (en) * 2006-03-22 2007-10-11 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research A Process for the Preparation of Self-Glazed Geopolymer Tile from Fly Ash and Blast Furnace Slag
US20070289503A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-20 Hendrik Loggers Process turning fly ash into useful building blocks and the like
US8012582B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2011-09-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Sintered proppant made with a raw material containing alkaline earth equivalent

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1052651A (zh) * 1990-12-31 1991-07-03 崔永福 粘土类烧成制品低耗节水快速制作方法
CN1075310A (zh) * 1993-02-08 1993-08-18 陈聘珍 用“粘性”粉煤灰作结合剂的全粉煤灰烧结陶瓷制品
CN1194197A (zh) * 1997-03-20 1998-09-30 拉德瓦公司 制备隔热产品的方法以及用该方法制备的建筑产品

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9150456B2 (en) 2015-10-06
EP1673317B1 (en) 2014-06-18
US7892479B2 (en) 2011-02-22
JP2007507403A (ja) 2007-03-29
CN1878736A (zh) 2006-12-13
US20050109242A1 (en) 2005-05-26
US20080067723A1 (en) 2008-03-20
CA2539627C (en) 2012-04-17
US7264673B2 (en) 2007-09-04
MY145892A (en) 2012-05-15
AU2003280223A1 (en) 2005-04-21
WO2005033040A1 (en) 2005-04-14
CN103086698A (zh) 2013-05-08
ES2502482T3 (es) 2014-10-03
US20110132233A1 (en) 2011-06-09
CA2539627A1 (en) 2005-04-14
EP1673317A4 (en) 2008-12-10
AU2003280223B2 (en) 2011-05-12
JP4677899B2 (ja) 2011-04-27
EP1673317A1 (en) 2006-06-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103086698B (zh) 由飞灰制造制品
CN106747114B (zh) 一种新型路面透水混凝土制品及其制备方法
CA2854994A1 (fr) Beton ou mortier leger structurel, son procede de fabrication et son utilisation en tant que beton auto-placant
JP2003527288A (ja) 低密度添加剤を含むファイバーセメント建築材料
WO1996024561A1 (en) Flyash-based compositions
CN1248983C (zh) 用植物集料生产混凝土或砂浆的方法
CN106396634A (zh) 轻质高强粉煤灰陶粒的制备方法
DE112017005550T5 (de) Trockenbaustoffzusammensetzung, die auf nassem Weg mit Hilfe einer Schneckenpumpe spritzbar ist, und umfassend ein Bindemittel und einen biobasierten Füllstoff - Herstellung und Anwendungen einer solchen Zusammensetzung
CN103880373A (zh) 一种厚型双排孔轻集料混凝土隔墙板及其生产工艺
JPS60176978A (ja) 高強度セメント製品の製法
CN112079604A (zh) 一种透水抗压混凝土及其制备方法
DE19645231A1 (de) Leichtmauermörtel der Klasse LM 21
CN110845188A (zh) 一种无砂大孔混凝土及其制备方法
CN108640644B (zh) 一种内置钢丝网保温板的制备工艺
DE202007002982U1 (de) Mauerstein
RU2209793C1 (ru) Композиция для изготовления теплоизоляционного материала
KR101768513B1 (ko) 천연 탄화 왕겨 단열보드의 제조방법
KR930009896B1 (ko) 콘크리트용 다공성 경량골재와 그 제조방법 및 이를 이용해 제조된 경량 콘크리트유니트
EP3404001B1 (de) Erdfeuchter frischbeton und betonelemente aus gehärtetem erdfeuchten frischbeton
CN110606767A (zh) 一种新型轻骨料混凝土及其制备工艺
CN1772682A (zh) 一种隔热保温墙体材料的制造方法及其产品
US6656262B1 (en) Process for manufacturing a cement/porous-rock composite and product resulting therefrom
JPS5836965A (ja) 改良軽量骨材、その製造法
LV15379B (lv) Magnija fosfāta cementa un bioloģiskas izcelsmes pildvielu ātras cietēšanas celtniecības bloks un tā izgatavošanas paņēmiens
CN107574967A (zh) 一种榫接一体化复合保温砌块的制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20150311

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee