CN102996594A - 铆接元件 - Google Patents

铆接元件 Download PDF

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CN102996594A
CN102996594A CN201210336508XA CN201210336508A CN102996594A CN 102996594 A CN102996594 A CN 102996594A CN 201210336508X A CN201210336508X A CN 201210336508XA CN 201210336508 A CN201210336508 A CN 201210336508A CN 102996594 A CN102996594 A CN 102996594A
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riveted joint
joint element
parts
pointed section
section
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CN102996594B (zh
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奥利弗·迪尔
理查德·汉弗伯特
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Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/14—Riveting machines specially adapted for riveting specific articles, e.g. brake lining machines
    • B21J15/147—Composite articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/062—Pierce nut setting machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/607—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being hollow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00—Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04—Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/10—Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets fastened by expanding mechanically
    • F16B19/1027—Multi-part rivets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/06—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
    • F16B37/062—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting
    • F16B37/065—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting by deforming the material of the nut
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49947—Assembling or joining by applying separate fastener
    • Y10T29/49954—Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956—Riveting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种铆接元件，特别是用于附接到纤维复合材料的部件的铆接元件，该铆接元件具有铆接部分，该铆接部分至少局部地形成为在朝着尖端的方向上逐渐变细并可通过冲模母模扩张的尖状部。

Description

铆接元件
本发明涉及铆接元件，涉及铆接元件和纤维复合材料部件的部件组件，涉及用于附接铆接元件的冲模母模(die button)，并且还涉及用于将铆接元件附接在纤维复合材料的部件中的方法。 
对于将紧固元件例如特别是铆接元件，附接到金属片或纤维复合材料的部件来说，人们之前假设必须在用于紧固元件的部件中形成开口。然而，特别是对于纤维复合材料的部件来说，这种过程与相当多的缺点相关联，这是因为在材料中的开口处出现不连续，这使材料显著地变弱，并且事实上，在不连续的位置处，由于紧固元件而实际上需要特别高的材料强度。 
因此，本发明的目的是提供将紧固元件例如特别是铆接元件以部件不必以不利的方式被弱化的方式附接到部件的可能性，并且事实上其将特别可能使紧固元件附接到纤维复合材料的部件。 
该目的根据本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的铆接元件、通过具有权利要求10的特征的部件组件，通过具有权利要求13的特征的冲模母模并且还通过具有权利要求15的特征的方法来实现。 
根据本发明的铆接元件包括铆接部分，该铆接部分形成为在尖端的方向上逐渐变细并且可以借助于冲模母模至少局部地扩张的尖状部(spike)。 
通过使铆接部分形成为可扩张的尖状部，用尖状部将铆接元件按压到相应的材料中是可能的，于是尖状部可借助于合适成形的冲模母模来扩张以形成铆钉连接。 
对于由至少在材料的某些状态下能够压入这种铆接部分的材料制成的部件来说，从而可能免于为铆接元件制造开口。本发明的铆接元件因此特别适合于纤维复合材料的部件，该纤维复合材料的部件至少在一段时间内处于材料足够柔软和/或“浆状的”状态中。这将在下面更详细地说明。本发明的另外的优点在于不需要使紧固元件粘附地结合到部件的事实。 
在铆接元件的优选设计中，铆接部分具有特别是舌样形状的多个段，所述多个段共同地形成尖状部并且在尖状部扩张期间可彼此移开。 
段可以例如通过使用较小的壁厚而与在预期断裂的连接位置点处提供的有意的材料弱化连接在一起。在该情况下，尖状部的扩张与尖状部的裂开(breaking apart)相关联，以使段彼此移开。作为替换方案，段可以是至少局部不连接的，并且在这方面放置在彼此上面，或者彼此微小地间隔开，使得段在起始条件下共同地形成尖状部，该尖状部作用为按压到部件中并且可以随后借助于冲模母模移开，而不必将材料砸开。 
根据本发明的部件组件包括根据本发明的铆接元件并且还包括纤维复合材料的部件。特别地，部件组件的特征在于，铆接元件的铆接部分在部件的后面与至少折叠一次的区域接合。这样，可实现抵抗相对高的压出力的特别好的安全性。 
铆接元件在部件中的附接优选以在完成的部件中部件的多余材料在与铆接部分相对的侧部处围绕铆接元件的方式发生。 
根据本发明的冲模母模用于根据本发明的铆接元件的附接，并包括用于使铆接元件的尖状部扩张的扩张部分，其中扩张部分其自身至少局部地形成为尖状部。 
这样，在铆接部分和冲模母模的配合开始之前，即在铆接部分的尖状部借助于冲模母模的尖状部扩张以产生所需的铆钉连接之前，冲模母模可首先将其尖状部按压到部件中。 
在该方法的特别优选的实施方案中，做好准备：将铆接元件和冲模母模按压入部件中在部件的制造期间进行。这样，一方面，铆接元件的附接可在制造部件的情况下进行。这样，特别可能的是，同时使用用于制造部件的工具，以引起铆接元件的压入和冲模母模的压入，并且还施加使铆接元件和冲模母模配合所需的力。另一方面，可利用的事实是，在制造纤维复合材料的部件期间，由于该过程，至少在一段时间内，该材料具有允许铆接元件的尖状部以及冲模母模的尖状部压入并且还允许制造铆钉连接所需的材料的移置的一致性(consistency)。 
本发明可有利地结合具有相对短的纤维的纤维复合材料并且还可结合具有相对长的纤维的材料两者来使用。具有短纤维的部件可在注射模制过程中制造。在这一点上，材料混合物可容易地被模制，使得用于制造这些部件的工具可同时地用于铆接元件的附接。具有长纤维的纤维复合材料可通过层压来制造，即通过具有定向纤维的各个层的交叉应用(cross-wise application)来制造。对于许多塑料材料来说，然后可能以与金属片部分的深拉相似的方式，在热量的作用下借助于工具将层压部分按压成特定的形状。然后，用于此的按压可同时用于将铆接元件和冲模母模引入足够柔软的复合材料中。 
在两种情况下，即，既具有短纤维材料且还具有长纤维材料的情况下，因此利用了这样的情况，即，由于该过程，本发明的铆接元件和本发明的冲模母模可在至少一段之间内被按压到足够柔软的材料中。 
在从属权利要求、说明书中并且还在附图中提出了本发明的优选的进一步的发展。 
在附图中： 
图1示出了铆接元件的透视图， 
图2示出了在沿着轴向方向观察时图1的元件的视图， 
图3示出了图1的元件的部分地剖开的侧视图， 
图4示出了在从侧面看时的图1的铆接元件，且铆接元件定位在具有尖状部的冲模母模之上并与其间隔开，其中部件定位在铆接元件和冲模母模之间， 
图5示出了与图4类似但是在铆接元件已经开始从上面刺入部件且冲模母模从下面刺入部件之后的视图， 
图6示出了在铆接元件已经附接到部件之后部分地以截面形式的部件组件，以及 
图7示出了图6的圆圈区域的放大视图。 
以下将以实施例的方式并参照附图来描述本发明，附图的图1至图7 显示了根据本发明的铆接元件和根据本发明的冲模母模并且还有根据本发明的铆接元件可能地附接到部件的过程的不同视图。 
图1至图3显示了根据本发明的铆接元件的实施方案的不同视图。 
铆接元件具有凸缘部分21，其相对于元件的中心轴线15径向地延伸。在凸缘部分21的一侧上有紧固部分27，紧固部分27设有延伸到凸缘部分21并进入凸缘部分21中的内螺纹29。 
在该实施方案中，铆接元件因此形成为螺母元件。然而，这不是必须的。在可选择的实施方案中，根据本发明的铆接元件还可以例如形成为螺栓元件，该螺栓元件具有轴，其形成有外螺纹，作为紧固部分。 
凸缘部分21的远离紧固部分27的下面用作铆接元件所附接到的部件51的接触面23(具体参见图6)。接触面23设有多个突出的肋状物25，肋状物25在径向方向上延伸，并且用于抵抗旋转(security against rotation)。 
铆接部分11在凸缘部分21的远离紧固部分27的侧部处延伸，并且在接触面23的区域中的铆接部分的外径至少大体上相应于圆柱形紧固部分27的外径。 
从凸缘部分21起始，铆接部分11首先具有大体上圆柱形的部分19，该圆柱形部分19合并到在朝着尖端或顶点的方向上逐渐变细的尖状部中。在尖状部的尖端处有用于冲模母模31的漏斗形引入辅助物(introduction aid)17(具体参见图5)。 
铆接部分11由多个舌样的段13形成，所述多个舌样的段13起始于凸缘部分21并以闭合芽(closed bud)的方式形成铆接部分11的逐渐变细的尖状部。因此，在该实施方案中的四个段13被设计成使得其沿着中心轴线15从凸缘部分21开始在尖端的方向上变得更窄。 
如在引言部分中所提到的，段13可相互连接，或者例如可以是未连接而仅仅是相互接触的。 
铆接元件的尖状部使得将铆接元件按压到铆接元件要附接到的足够柔软的部件中而不必在部件中(首先)形成用于铆接元件的开口成为可能。 
在图4至图7中显示了借助于相应地成形的冲模母模将铆接元件附接到部件51的可能顺序。 
冲模母模31包括用于使铆接元件的尖状部扩张的部分33，其中冲模母模的该部分33同样具有形成尖状部的部分，在该实施方案中，所述形成尖状部的部分具有圆锥形的形状。因此，根据本发明的冲模母模31能够利用其尖状部而被按压到部件中。 
圆柱形部分37在冲模母模31的垂直于尖状部的中心轴线延伸的平坦的表面35和尖状部之间形成。 
图5显示了铆接元件的尖状部以及冲模母模31的尖状部都被按压到部件51中的状态，然而，冲模母模31的扩张部分33还没有开始使铆接元件的尖状部扩张。 
总体上，冲模母模特别是关于相应于铆接元件的铆接部分的直径和角度关系而被成形，使得产生在图6中显示的最终状态。通过与冲模母模的配合，铆接元件的铆接部分11的尖状部被扩张，借此段13一方面彼此移开且另一方面被折叠，使得在部件的下侧处产生折叠的铆钉卷边(rivet bead)30。在图示的实施方案中，该铆钉卷边与部件51的下面齐平地放置。然而，这不是必要的，作为替换方案，铆钉卷边还可在部件51的下面处突出。 
如图6所示，部件51的材料被移置，使得多余的材料53在部件51的顶面处围绕凸缘部分21圆形地突出。 
虽然折叠的铆钉卷边30保护铆接元件不受压出力，但是凸缘部分21提供了抵抗拉出力的安全性。 
如在引言部分中已提到的，特别地，铆接元件的压入以及冲模母模31的压入是在用于制造相应的部件51的工具的帮助下进行的。因此，根据本发明的铆接元件的引入可在制造过程的情况下发生，所述制造过程在任何情况下均发生。该制造过程特别地需要材料是至少是热的，且因此在一段时间内是柔软的，以便铆接元件和冲模母模31可被按压到材料中。 
本发明还使得将铆接元件附接到也被称为“有机片(organo sheet)” 的纤维复合材料的部件而不需要在用于铆接元件的材料中(预先地)形成开口成为可能。据此，以有利的方式避免了材料的不利弱化。 
参考数字列表
11 铆接部分 
13 段 
15 中心轴线 
17 引入辅助物 
19 圆柱形部分 
21 凸缘部分 
23 接触面 
25 用于提供抵抗旋转的装置(means for providing security against rotation)，肋状物 
27 紧固部分 
29 内螺纹 
30 折叠的铆钉卷边 
31 冲模母模 
33 扩张部分 
35 平坦的表面 
37 圆柱形部分 
51 部件 
53 多余的材料 

Claims (17)

1.一种铆接元件，特别是用于附接在纤维复合材料的部件(51)中的铆接元件，所述铆接元件具有铆接部分(11)，所述铆接部分(11)至少局部地形成为在朝着尖端的方向上逐渐变细并且能够通过冲模母模(31)扩张的尖状部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述铆接部分(11)具有大体上圆形的横截面。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述铆接部分(11)具有多个段(13)，尤其是舌样段，所述段(13)共同地形成所述尖状部并且能够在所述尖状部扩张期间彼此移开。
4.根据权利要求3所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述段(13)各自沿着中心轴线(15)在所述尖状部的尖端的方向上变窄。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述尖状部在其尖端处具有用于所述冲模母模(31)的引入辅助物(17)，尤其是漏斗形的引入辅助物。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述铆接部分(11)具有至少大体上圆柱形的部分(19)，所述大体上圆柱形的部分(19)的后面是所述尖状部。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，设置了凸缘部分(21)，所述凸缘部分(21)相对于所述铆接部分(11)径向地突出并具有用于相应的部件(51)的接触面(23)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述凸缘部分(21)设有用于提供抵抗旋转的装置(25)，尤其是肋样装置。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆接元件，其特征在于，所述铆接元件形成为螺母元件。
10.一种部件组件，包括纤维复合材料的部件(51)和根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆接元件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的部件组件，其特征在于，所述铆接元件的所述铆接部分(11)具有在所述部件(51)后面接合的至少折叠一次的区域。
12.根据权利要求10或权利要求11所述的部件组件，其特征在于，所述部件(51)的多余材料(53)在与所述铆接部分(11)相对的侧部处围绕所述铆接元件。
13.一种冲模母模，用于根据前述权利要求中任一项形成的铆接元件的附接，所述冲模母模具有用于使所述铆接元件的所述尖状部扩张的扩张部分(33)，所述扩张部分(33)至少局部地形成为在尖端的方向上逐渐变细的尖状部。
14.根据权利要求13所述的冲模母模，其特征在于，所述尖状部至少大体上制成为圆锥形的形状。
15.一种用于将铆接元件附接在纤维复合材料的部件(51)中的方法，其中铆接元件和冲模母模(31)各自设有形成为尖状部的部分，被按压到未准备好的部件(51)中，特别是未设有用于所述铆接元件的开口的部件(51)中，并且所述铆接元件的所述尖状部借助于所述冲模母模(31)的所述尖状部扩张以形成铆钉连接。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述铆接元件和所述冲模母模(31)按压在所述部件(51)中在所述部件(51)的制造期间进行，特别是借助于用于制造所述部件(51)的工具进行，其中所述工具特别是设置成用于在注射模制过程中制造所述部件(51)或者用于使所述部件(51)成形。
17.根据权利要求15或权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铆接元件的所述铆接部分(11)至少局部地折叠一次。
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