CN105682822B - 铆钉元件 - Google Patents

铆钉元件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105682822B
CN105682822B CN201480050357.9A CN201480050357A CN105682822B CN 105682822 B CN105682822 B CN 105682822B CN 201480050357 A CN201480050357 A CN 201480050357A CN 105682822 B CN105682822 B CN 105682822B
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Prior art keywords
rivet
section
component
rivet element
tip
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CN105682822A (zh
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奥利弗·迪尔
理查德·汉弗伯特
安德里亚斯·朗巴克
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Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00Riveting
    • B21J15/02Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025Setting self-piercing rivets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/062Pierce nut setting machines
    • B23P19/063Deforming the nut only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60Riveting or staking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/303Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
    • B29C66/3032Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/30321Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B19/00Bolts without screw-thread; Pins, including deformable elements; Rivets
    • F16B19/04Rivets; Spigots or the like fastened by riveting
    • F16B19/08Hollow rivets; Multi-part rivets
    • F16B19/086Self-piercing rivets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/06Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
    • F16B37/062Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting
    • F16B37/065Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting by deforming the material of the nut
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16BDEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/06Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting
    • F16B37/062Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting
    • F16B37/068Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates by means of welding or riveting by means of riveting by deforming the material of the support, e.g. the sheet or plate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/567Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • B29C65/568Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using a tamping or a swaging operation, i.e. at least partially deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined using a swaging operation, i.e. totally deforming the edge or the rim of a first part to be joined to clamp a second part to be joined
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141Fibres of continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2701/00Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B29K2701/12Thermoplastic materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2715/00Condition, form or state of preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T29/00Metal working
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    • Y10T29/49908Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/49943Riveting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T29/49826Assembling or joining
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    • Y10T29/49954Fastener deformed after application
    • Y10T29/49956Riveting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于附接至部件(51),尤其是附接至纤维复合材料部件的铆钉元件(10)。所述铆钉元件具有在安装状态下,与所述部件接触的法兰部段(21)和铆钉部段(11)。所述铆钉部段具有尖端(12a),所述尖端在远离所述法兰部段的方向上汇集于设置在所述尖端的远离所述法兰部段的一端处的扩张端部(12b)。

Description

铆钉元件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于附接至部件尤其是附接至纤维复合材料部件的铆钉元件、一种相应铆钉元件的部件组件和一种部件,并且还涉及一种用于将铆钉元件附接至部件的方法和一种用于制造铆钉元件的方法。
背景技术
为了将诸如尤其是铆钉元件的紧固件元件附接至金属薄片或纤维复合材料部件,以前我们认为需要在部件中形成用于紧固件元件的开口以便为附接过程做准备。然而,对于纤维复合材料部件,这种过程尤其会带来相当大的缺陷,这是因为开口在材料中产生的不连续性会极大地削弱材料,尤其是在需要极高材料强度以便可靠地锚固紧固件元件的位置处。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种将铆钉元件附接至部件的可能性,其中,部件不必以不利的方式受到影响,该可能性尤其能够将紧固件元件附接至纤维复合材料元件。
该目的由本发明通过具有权利要求1的特征的铆钉元件、具有权利要求10的特征的部件组件和具有权利要求11和12的特征的方法来实现。
根据本发明的铆钉元件具有在安装状态下与部件接触的法兰部段和铆钉部段。铆钉部段包括尖端,该尖端在远离法兰部段的方向上汇集于设置在尖端的远离法兰部段的一端处的分叉端部。
通过使铆钉部段形成为锥形尖端,可能的是首先将元件的尖端按压到相应的材料中。端部段在尖端的与部件相邻的一端处的分叉确保了:在将铆钉部段按压到部件中时,尖端通过与部件的材料合作而经历逐步扩张,在进一步按压的过程中,部件也包括尖端。因此,在按压进铆钉部段时,铆钉部段经受逐步变形以便形成铆钉连接。扩张的端部因此可靠地确保以受控方式来重塑铆钉部段,即是说,使铆钉部段向外弯折。
对于由能够使铆钉部段至少在特定状态下按压到其中的材料制造而来的部件,我们可以无需制造用于铆钉元件的开口。因此,根据本发明的铆钉元件尤其适合于纤维复合材料部件,纤维复合材料部件至少会暂时处于使材料足够软或者“松软”的状态下。这将在下文进一步讨论。根据本发明的铆钉元件基本上可以与硬质或者热塑性材料或部件一起使用。
本发明的另一个优点在于其不必用粘合剂将紧固件元件粘合至部件。然而,当然也可以额外地提供粘合剂粘合。
根据铆钉元件的有利实施例,在端部与汇集的尖端之间存在形成腰部的束缚部,即,执行扩张端部的方式使得铆钉部段的最小外部周长不是存在于其自由端处而是在尖端与端部的自由端之间,其最后也还限定铆钉部段的自由端。尤其,端部至少局部地在远离法兰部的方向上分叉。
铆钉部段可以包括多个尤其是舌状的分段,该多个舌状分段优选地彼此连接,并且可以在安装铆钉元件期间在扩张铆钉部段期间使其彼此分开以便制造铆钉连接。尤其,该分段分别在远离法兰部段的方向上沿着中央轴不断变窄。在互连点处,该分段可以分别具有有意的材料缺陷,例如,由于低壁厚引起的有意断裂点。在这种情况下,尖端的扩张与尖端的破裂相关联,以便使分段彼此分开。可替换地,这些分段可以至少局部地未连接在一起,并且因此彼此接触或者彼此稍微隔开,以便其在初始状态下联合形成用于将铆钉元件按压到部件中的尖端,并且随后可以在不使材料破裂的情况下彼此分开。例如,铆钉部段包括多个尤其是舌状的分段,该舌状分段联合形成尖端并且可以在尖端扩张期间分开。
根据本发明的铆钉元件的简单实施例,该简单实施例足以制造铆钉部段,铆钉部段是通过重塑原本中空的圆筒形基体而形成,即,在铆钉元件的制造过程期间,对基体进行重塑以形成尖端。在重塑基体时,基体的材料可以经受折叠,以便使在重塑过程期间产生的尖端在与铆钉元件的纵向轴垂直的截面中具有的花朵或者圆花饰的轮廓。端部基本上也可以在该重塑过程期间成型。然而,端部的成型优选地在单独的步骤中进行。
铆钉部段可以具有邻近尖端的大体上的圆筒形部。该圆筒形部尤其布置在法兰部段与尖端之间。
为了能够无需用粘合剂将铆钉元件粘合至部件和/或实现尤其可靠地固定该元件,法兰部段可以设置有用于防止旋转的装置。这些装置是,例如,凹槽和/或在径向方向上延伸的肋状物。
根据本发明的铆钉元件可以形成为螺母元件或者螺钉元件。
此外,本发明涉及一种由根据前述实施例中至少一项所述的铆钉元件组成的部件组件以及一种部件,尤其是纤维复合材料部件。
在根据本发明的方法中,该方法用于将根据上述实施例中至少一项所述的铆钉元件附接至部件,尤其是附接至纤维材料部件,该铆钉元件被按压至未制备好的部件中,尤其是没有设置用于元件的开口的部件中。因此,该部件至少在引入了铆钉元件的区域中位于大体上平坦的支撑表面或者基部上。换句话说,在该方法中,不需要冲模母模。如已经解释过的,由于铆钉部段的端部的设计,所以铆钉部段的重塑会自动地发生,以便形成用于固定部件的铆钉元件的铆钉连接。最后,平坦的表面用作“冲模母模”,从而极大地节约成本。
在根据本发明的方法中,该方法用于制造根据上述实施例中至少一项所述的铆钉元件,端部段是通过将尖钉按压到设置在铆钉部段处的预成型尖端的远离法兰部段的一端中而成型。因此,这发生在将铆钉元件固定至部件之前。因此,预成型尖端是形成于完工铆钉元件上的端部的“前身”。
根据制造方法的优选实施例,如已经在上文描述的,预成型尖端至少局部地是通过对中空圆筒形基体进行至少一次重塑而形成的。随后,通过将尖钉按压到预成型尖端的自由端中而生成端部。然而,基本上也可以在基体的重塑过程期间形成端部。
为了有助于此,可以规定尖端具有用于尖钉的尤其是漏斗状的插入辅助件。
尖钉尤其制作为大体上成直立圆锥的形状。
本发明可以有利地与具有相对较短纤维的纤维复合材料以及具有相对较长纤维的材料一起使用。具有较短纤维的部件可以在注射模塑过程中制造。在这种情况下,材料混合物可轻易地变形,以便可以同时利用在制造这些部件期间使用的工具来附接铆钉元件。通过使用许多塑料材料,就可以以与金属薄片零件的深拉成型相似的方式通过引入热量和借助工具来将零件按压为特定形状。这里使用的压力同时可以用于将铆钉元件引入到足够软的复合材料中。
在两种情况下,不管是使用软纤维还是使用长纤维,情况均会是:根据本发明的铆钉元件可以被按压到由于该过程而至少暂时足够软的材料中。
从属权利要求、说明书和附图中还列出了本发明的其他优选实施例。
附图说明
现在将在下文参照有利实施例和附图仅以示例的方式对本发明进行解释。在附图中示出了:
图1 本发明的铆钉元件的实施例的透视图;
图2 根据图1的铆钉元件的部分剖面侧视图;
图3 根据图1的铆钉元件的端视图;
图4 根据图1的铆钉元件的截面图,铆钉元件处于垂直于横贯铆钉部段的纵向轴的平面中;
图5 图1的铆钉元件在形成扩张端部之前的侧视图;
图6 根据图1的铆钉元件在尖钉的帮助下形成了扩张端部之后的侧视图;
图7 在渗入到部件中之前的根据图1的铆钉元件;
图8 在刚渗入到部件中之后的根据图1的铆钉元件;以及
图9 在固定至部件的状态下的根据图1的铆钉元件。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的铆钉元件的实施例10。铆钉元件10包括法兰部段21,法兰部段21相对于元件的中央轴15径向延伸。紧固件部27可以例如设置有外部螺纹,紧固件部27从法兰部段21的远离处于安装状态下的部件的一侧在轴向方向上延伸。
在本实施例中,铆钉元件10随后形成为螺钉元件。然而,这不是必须的。在可替换实施例中,例如,根据本发明的铆钉元件还可以形成为螺母元件,螺母元件具有孔或者开口,该孔或者开口设置有作为紧固部的内部螺纹。
法兰部段21的远离紧固件部27的下侧用作部件(51)的接触表面(23)(具体见图9),铆钉元件10待附接至该接触表面(23)。接触表面23设置有多个凹槽25b和突出肋状物25a,突出肋状物25a在径向方向上延伸并且用于防止旋转。
铆钉部段11从法兰部21的远离紧固件部27的一侧在轴向方向上延伸。铆钉部段11首先具有从法兰部段21开始的大体上圆筒形的短部19,该大体上圆筒形的短部19并入到尖端12a中。尖端12a在远离法兰部段21的方向上不断变细或者汇集。在尖端12a的远离法兰部段21的一端处设置有端部12b,与尖端12a相反,端部12b具有分叉形状。铆钉部段11的束缚部12c存在于尖端12a与端部12b之间。铆钉部段11的外直径在这里最小,从而形成腰部。在本实施例中,铆钉部段11的腰部相当明显。在某些示例中,铆钉部段11当然可以具有更加明显的腰部。然而,一般来说,不那么明显的束缚部就足以实现期望的效果。确实,端部12b还可以具有仅仅稍微分叉几乎同轴的设计,这是因为稍微扩张的端部12b在被按压到部件51中时最终也导致铆钉部段11向外弯曲。
铆钉部段11由多个舌状分段13形成,多个舌状分段13从法兰部段21开始延伸,并且以闭合花蕾的形式形成铆钉部段的汇集的尖端12a,端部12b表示花蕾的开口,如图中所描述。在本示例中的四个分段13——也可以提供四个以上或者四个以下分段——因此形成为使其从法兰部段21处开始沿着中间轴15逐渐变窄。
分段13之间的连接部的径向向内突出的弯曲部16的壁具有接触表面14——如将在下文更加详细地解释的——接触表面14在端部12b扩张期间出现。
铆钉元件10的铆钉部段11使得可以将铆钉元件10按压到足够软的部件中,铆钉元件10待附接至该部件,而不需要在预备步骤中在部件中形成用于铆钉元件10的开口。
图2示出了根据图1的铆钉元件10的部分截面图,以便使得在轴向方向上汇集的尖端12a的形状和端部12b的扩张显得更加清楚。
图3示出了铆钉元件10的侧视图。可以看到,铆钉部段12是通过折叠产生的,以便使得端部12b和尖端12a具有圆花饰状轮廓。在分段13的区域中的笔直轮廓部段13a通过径向向内突出的弯曲部而彼此连接。在三维空间下,弯曲部16限定出凹陷处,该凹陷处的底盘在尖端12a的区域中接近中央轴15,与法兰部段21之间的距离越来越大。
图4以阐明该形状的方式示出了通过铆钉部段11的在束缚部12c之上的截面。
图5示出了铆钉元件16在制造期间的中间状态。在基本状态下,铆钉元件10具有中空圆筒形基体12a"。中空圆筒形基体12a“从法兰部段21向外突出,如在该图的左侧部分中的虚线所表示的。预成型尖端12a’是通过重塑基体12a”而形成的。在成形过程中,用于形成于预成型尖端12a’中的尖钉31(见图6)的漏斗状引入辅助件17用于扩张预成型尖端12a’。
图6示出了在已经通过将尖钉31按压到预成型尖端12a’中而形成端部12b之后的完工铆钉元件10。在这种情况下,接触表面14已经出现在折叠部16的内侧。尖钉的侧翼的梯度和其渗入到预成型尖端12a’中的深度确定端部12b扩张的程度。
图7至图9示出了将根据本发明的铆钉元件10附接至部件51的可能顺序。
图7示出了平坦的支架53,平坦的支架53在按压进铆钉元件期间用作部件51的支撑表面。与常规工艺相反,不需要冲模母模来使铆钉部段11发生弯折。
如可从图8中看到的,端部12b首先渗入到部件51中。由于端部12b的扩张形状,所以其进一步由渗入到铆钉部段11的内部中的部件51的材料分开。材料因此发生塑形变形或者确实部分地“形成碎屑”。
在进一步的按压过程期间,铆钉11的自由端(其处于被分开的过程中)开始与平台的支架53接触。这样,部段11现在完全弯折,直到产生图9中示出的端部状态。可以看到,铆钉元件10到目前为止已经被按压到部件51中,使法兰部段21不会在轴向方向上从部件中突出,而是在与其表面齐平时终止。
适合于特定应用的端部12b的扩张程度——即,其在轴向方向上的深度和其由尖钉的侧翼的梯度限定的宽度——取决于:部件的材料和厚度、铆钉部段11的机械特征、以及按压力/按压速度等。出乎意料的是,端部12b的扩张不会导致铆钉部段11的重塑不受控制而是——在适合地匹配上述参数的条件下——开始使铆钉部段11扩张,铆钉部段11随后通过与平坦的支撑表面53合作而弯曲以便完成铆钉连接。
扩张的程度选择为在一方面不会太大。从而铆钉部段11就可能迅速地扩散并且可以最终不会完全渗入到部件51中。另一方面,扩张的程度可以不用太小,这是因为如果太小的话就不能可靠地确保铆钉部段11的扩散发生得足够快。然而,已经示出了,当被按压到部件51中时,端部12b的较小扩张通常会给铆钉部段11带来期望的重塑形状。
当材料至少暂时被加热并且因此变得较软时,可以更加容易地将铆钉元件10按压到材料中,从而有助于进行上面描述的制造过程。
因此,本发明能够在不需要在材料中形成用于铆钉元件的开口的条件下,将铆钉元件附接到纤维复合材料部件中,纤维复合材料部件也称为“有机金属薄片”。因此,以有利的方式避免了材料的不利弱化。
附图标记列表:
10 铆钉元件
11 铆钉部段
12a 尖端
12a' 预成型尖端
12a" 基体
12b 端部
12c 束缚部
13 分段
13a 轮廓部段
14 接触表面
15 中央轴
16 弯曲部
17 引入辅助件
19 圆筒形部
21 法兰部段
23 接触表面
25a、25b 用于防止旋转的装置(肋状物和凹槽)
27 紧固件部
31 尖钉
51 部件
53 支撑表面/基部

Claims (20)

1.一种用于附接至部件(51)的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述铆钉元件具有在安装状态下与所述部件(51)接触的法兰部段(21)和铆钉部段(11),其中,所述铆钉部段(11)具有尖端(12a),所述尖端(12a)在远离所述法兰部段(21)的方向上汇集于设置在所述尖端的远离所述法兰部段(21)的一端处的扩张端部(12b),从而在将所述铆钉部段附接至所述部件中时,所述铆钉部段经受逐步变形以便形成铆钉连接,所述扩张端部使所述铆钉部段向外弯折。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:形成腰部的束缚部(12c)设置在所述端部(12b)与汇集的所述尖端(12a)之间。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述端部(12b)在远离所述法兰部段(21)的方向上至少局部地分叉。
4.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,
在所述铆钉元件中,所述铆钉部段(11)具有多个舌状分段(13),所述多个舌状分段(13)彼此连接,并且可以在安装所述铆钉元件期间在扩张所述铆钉部段(11)期间使其彼此分开。
5.根据权利要求4所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述分段(13)分别在远离所述法兰部段(21)的方向上沿着中央轴15不断变窄。
6.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述铆钉部段(11)是通过重塑原本中空的圆筒形基体而形成。
7.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述铆钉部段(11)具有邻近所述尖端(12a)的至少大体上圆筒形的部段(19)。
8.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述法兰部段(21)设置有用于防止旋转的装置(25)。
9.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述铆钉元件形成为螺母元件或者螺钉元件。
10.根据权利要求8所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述装置(25)为突出肋状物(25a)和/或凹槽(25b)。
11.根据权利要求1所述的铆钉元件,其特征在于:所述部件(51)为纤维复合材料部件。
12.一种部件组件,包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的铆钉元件和一种部件(51)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的部件组件,其特征在于:所述部件(51)是纤维复合材料部件。
14.一种用于将根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的铆钉元件附接至部件(51)的方法,其特征在于:所述铆钉元件被按压到未制备好的部件(51)中,所述未制备好的部件(51)没有设置用于所述铆钉元件的开口,所述部件至少在附接了所述铆钉元件的区域中位于至少大体上平坦的支撑表面上。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于:所述部件(51)是纤维复合材料部件。
16.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的铆钉元件的方法,其特征在于:所述端部(12b)是通过将尖钉(31)按压到设置在所述法兰部段(21)处的预成型尖端(12a’)的远离所述法兰部段(21)的一端中而成型。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于:所述预成型尖端(12a’)是通过中空圆筒形基体(12a”)发生至少一次至少局部变形而形成的。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于:所述预成型尖端(12a’)具有用于所述尖钉(31)的插入辅助件(17)。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于:所述插入辅助件(17)是漏斗状的。
20.根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:所述尖钉(31)具有基本上直立圆锥的形状。
CN201480050357.9A 2013-09-17 2014-08-07 铆钉元件 Active CN105682822B (zh)

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