CN102958677B - 用于铆接紧固附件的方法 - Google Patents

用于铆接紧固附件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102958677B
CN102958677B CN201180030363.4A CN201180030363A CN102958677B CN 102958677 B CN102958677 B CN 102958677B CN 201180030363 A CN201180030363 A CN 201180030363A CN 102958677 B CN102958677 B CN 102958677B
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annex
rivet pin
fuel
aperture
fuel tank
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CN102958677A (zh
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C·埃尔泽塞尔
J·希尔德
T·克雷默
A·屈佩尔
H·洛伦茨
C·梅伦
T·瓦格纳
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Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/06905—Using combined techniques for making the preform
    • B29C49/0691—Using combined techniques for making the preform using sheet like material, e.g. sheet blow-moulding from joined sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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    • B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C2049/2021—Inserts characterised by the material or type
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2049/2021—Inserts characterised by the material or type
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于将附件铆接紧固至塑料燃料箱（11，12）的方法，铆接紧固发生在通过挤出吹塑分开的管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件来生产燃料箱的时候，管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件在模制两个互补的壳体之后或过程中通过使用多部件模由热塑性材料制成。附件（4）已经被设置或设置有至少一个孔口。根据本发明的方法其特征在于借助由热塑性材料制成的至少一个预制铆紧销（9）来进行铆接紧固。铆紧销已在单独的生产过程中例如通过注塑获得。

Description

用于铆接紧固附件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于将附件铆接紧固至塑料燃料箱的方法，铆接紧固发生在通过挤出吹塑一个分开的管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件来生产燃料箱的时候，管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件在模制两个互补的壳体之后或过程中通过使用多部件挤出模由热塑性材料制成。附件已经被设置或设置有至少一个孔口。
背景技术
在例如EP1773570B1中公开了这种方法。在该方法中：使至少一部分塑性材料(燃料箱的壁由该材料构成)熔化；和使熔融的塑性材料中的一部分被推动经过附件的孔口，而不必与已流出的塑性材料的剩余部分分离；和使突出的熔融的塑性材料具有相应的形状，以实现自模塑料铆接。因此，塑料铆接以扩音器(speaking)的形式在原位置由燃料箱壁的熔化的塑性材料形成。
该方法基本存在缺陷：在将附件引入燃料箱时，通过冲压等形成铆接头是相对复杂的。当附件必须附连至燃料箱时这是特别困难的，在远离燃料箱壁的一侧上，其紧固点不能特别容易地接近。
因为设置有附件的燃料箱在一个操作中形成，所以当使用上述的EP1773570B1中公开的方法时，随后很难回顾地监控铆接紧固的铆接头是否完整和正确。由于希望使用铆接紧固来引入附件(其由塑性材料构成，该塑性材料在可焊性方面与燃料箱壁是不相容的)，所以铆接连接的刚性连接十分重要。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是在方法的实践性和可靠性方面改进用于铆接紧固上述类型的附件的方法。本发明的目的还在于提供具有相应构造的燃料箱。
首先该目的通过用于将附件铆接紧固至塑料燃料箱的方法实现，铆接紧固发生在通过挤出吹塑一个分开的管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件来生产燃料箱的时候，管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件在模制两个互补的壳体之后或过程中通过使用多部件挤出模由热塑性材料制成，而附件已经被设置或设置有至少一个孔口，该方法的特征在于借助由热塑性材料制成的至少一个预制的铆紧销来进行铆接紧固，铆紧销在单独的生产过程中获得，并且该铆紧销穿过附件的孔口而被焊接至燃料箱壁。
根据本发明的方法提供了：对管状预成型件的挤出，将管状预成型件分为两个平面板材或板状件，以及将预成型件的仍热熔的材料带到模具的打开部件之间。取代挤出管状预成型件(管状预成型件例如必须在直径相对的位置处被分开)，该方法可提供在已经打开的模具上方从宽槽喷嘴挤出两个板状预成型件。该方法优选初始地包括通过利用预成型件的挤出热来模制两个互补壳体/壳体形半成品。在连接壳体以形成基本闭合的燃料箱之前，至少一个附件被引入壳体/热的塑料壳体的仍热熔的材料内。
在本发明的含义中，“附件”被理解为阀、运输单元、阻挡元件、装载管道、脱气管道以及通风管道等。
本发明可总结为：附件通过预制的铆紧销被紧固至燃料箱的半壳体部件(所述半壳体部件仍未被连接且仍处于模具中)，该铆紧销被焊接至半壳体部件的壁的仍热的塑料/热熔材料。因此，铆紧销穿过燃料箱壁并在其中被熔化，并且与燃料箱壁以焊接连接的方式形成连接。例如，借助杆部的相应的形状，铆紧销可被配置成使所述杆部也与燃料箱壁形成刚性连接。
在附件被引入位于模具中的壳体之前铆紧销可能已经被插入附件的孔口内。选择性地，铆紧销可被注入已位于燃料箱壁上的附件的孔口内。
铆紧销例如可具有开槽的杆部或设置有突起的杆部，以便所述杆部被捕获性地固定在对应的孔口中和/或能被捕获性地插入孔口内。
在根据本发明的方法的优选的变型中，至少一个铆紧销与一体地形成的铆接头一起使用。
优选地，壳体通过利用预成型件的挤出热被模制，铆紧销被焊接至壳体的壁的仍热熔的材料。
在根据本发明的方法的优选的变型中，通过使用具有至少两个外模和一个可移动到外模之间的附件承载器的吹塑模进行附件的引入和铆接，外模分别包括腔。借助附件承载器，至少一个附件通过相应的装置可被主动地引入壳体。通过利用外模/吹塑半模的闭合运动也可被动地进行将附件紧固至壳体的仍热熔的材料的壁。
在根据本发明的方法的有利的变型中，附件承载器被结合在中央模或中央框架中，或者被配置为中央模或中央框架，外模能朝向中央框架移动。
在根据本发明的方法的特别有利的变型中，在模制壳体之后进行铆接紧固，壳体的模制是在外模初始闭合的过程中或初始闭合之后立即进行的。已经被证明为特别有利的是初始地将外模闭合为抵靠中央框架或抵靠密封框架，以便通过将压差施加至外模来施加预成型件的热熔材料，由此腔内被密封。随后，模具可被打开，并且密封框架可从模具的外模被移除。由于现在只是部分闭合的模具所以这具有以下优点，在壳体的远离模具的一侧(其表示随后的燃料箱内壁)上能进行相对简单的操作。利用模具的第二或第三闭合，壳体最终可被焊接在一起，以形成闭合的燃料箱。
优选地，铆接紧固是在外模进一步闭合之后或过程中进行的，即，在壳体的模制完成之后。
虽然从原理上说能将铆紧销焊接至处于冷却和完全固化状态的壳体的壁，但在该方法的优选变型中，铆紧销在焊接至壁之前被加热。例如，已经装备有铆紧销的附件可被保持在中央模中。借助结合在中央模中的红外头辐射器，附件可被加热，同时铆紧销位于附件中并随后通过相应的力的作用而压靠壳体的壁。
有利地，铆紧销通过注塑热塑性材料已经被获得。该塑性材料例如可以是HDPE(高密度聚乙烯)，在可焊性方面该塑性材料能与由HDPE或基于HDPE制成的燃料箱壁相容。
有利地，附件与紧固基部一起使用，紧固基部具有多个设置有孔口的紧固凸部，在附件即将被引入之前，孔口在任何情况下都设置有穿过所述附件的铆紧销。
本发明的目的还通过由热塑性材料制成的燃料箱而进一步实现，该燃料箱包括设置在燃料箱内的至少一个附件，所述至少一个附件借助至少一个孔口被铆接至燃料箱壁，燃料箱的特征在于，被焊接至燃料箱壁的一铆紧销穿过孔口，该铆紧销已经在单独的生产过程中被获得。
下面参考在附图中示出的示例性实施例说明本发明。
如上所述，附件可以在被引入燃料箱之前就已经设置有铆紧销。为此，如果铆紧销被捕获性地连接至附件，这是有利的。例如，铆紧销可具有异型的和/或开槽的杆部，以便铆紧销可借助相应的力的消耗被锁定在孔口中。
而且，铆紧销的杆部可设置有相应配置的表面，该表面简化了铆紧销在燃料箱壁中的熔融或熔化。铆紧销的杆部的尺寸可设置成使所述杆部在孔口中具有一定间隙地被保持，从而当将铆紧销焊接至燃料箱壁时，能弥补收缩。由于不同的材料厚度(特别由于材料的不同的热容)，在材料中发生不同程度的收缩变形。
最后，铆紧销的杆部可以是异型的，以便当熔融/熔化时或当穿过燃料箱壁的熔融的材料时，所述杆部与燃料箱壁形成刚性连接，从而形成材料连接和刚性连接的组合。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的附件的分解视图，
图2示出附件的紧固基部的视图，
图3示出图1中的详细视图Ⅲ，
图4－6示出了在图1中被示出的附件的铆接和紧固过程的示意图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的方法首先提供了两个板状预成型件的连续挤出，预成型件在三部件吹塑模具的打开的半壳体部件之间被挤出，即在任何情况下初始都是在一个吹塑半模和模具分离器/密封框架(其设置在吹塑半模之间)之间。在进一步的方法步骤中，利用插入预成型件，吹塑半模闭合抵靠设置在其间的模具分离器。吹塑半模的闭合运动与在挤出头下面且背离挤出头的吹塑设备的基本框架的平移运动相叠加。吹塑模具的模具腔是闭合的，设置在吹塑半模之间的模具分离器密封吹塑模具的腔。然后通过使用真空和/或过压，预成型件被吸入吹塑半模的腔内并被模制以形成壳体。
在进一步的方法步骤中，元件承载器/附件承载器被放置在吹塑半模之间。之后，吹塑半模再次闭合。就密封而言，在该加工过程中，吹塑半模完全闭合不是绝对必要的。
在进一步的方法步骤中，借助附件承载器/元件承载器，附件/元件被连接至在腔内被模制的壳体和/或紧固至该壳体。
例如，图1中示出附件(如可操作的通风阀1)。可操作的通风阀1包括：阀壳体2，阀壳体2具有内接头3，以用于附连至通风管道；和紧固基部4，该紧固基部借助锁舌5被夹/锁定至阀壳体2，锁舌5穿过相应的锁凹部6。被示出的可操作的通风阀1配置为所谓的“翻车安全阀”。
可操作的通风阀的紧固基部4设置有三个紧固凸部7，紧固凸部在任何情况下都具有孔口8。孔口8配置为凹进的、环形孔，并接收铆紧销9，铆紧销9具有埋头部10，埋头部10带有对应于孔口8的凹部的轮廓。
铆紧销9由热塑性材料构成并通过注塑已被预制，并且在将可操作的通风阀1插入燃料箱内之前，铆紧销9已插入紧固基部4的对应的孔口8。紧固基部4也可由热塑性材料构成(例如也由HDPE构成)，该紧固基部例如可焊接至燃料箱的燃料箱壁12的内层11。
铆紧销9也由HDPE构成并在该意义上也与燃料箱壁12的内层11是可相容的。
在示出的示例性实施例中，可操作的通风阀1设置有可去除且可锁定的紧固基部4，从原理上说也可配置为一体件。在这种情况下，阀壳体2由POM(聚甲醛)构成，同时紧固基部由HDE构成，就可焊性而言这两种材料彼此不相容。
在根据本发明的方法中，设置有铆紧销9的可操作的的通风阀1和/或设置有铆紧销的紧固基部4在燃料箱的模制过程中借助穿过孔口8的铆紧销被焊接至燃料箱壁12，如在例如图4－6中示出的。铆紧销9借助合适的辅助件/工具被驱动经过孔口8、进入燃料箱壁12的内层11的仍热的塑料/热熔材料，以便铆紧销的杆部13与燃料箱壁12的内层11相熔融，同时铆紧销9的埋头部10完全被结合在孔口8中。因此，在燃料箱壁12固化之后，在铆紧销9和燃料箱壁12之间产生了紧密的连接，铆紧销9的埋头部10保持紧固基部4，因此阀壳体2刚性地锁至紧固基部、抵靠燃料箱壁12。
附图标记列表
1  可操作的通风阀
2  阀壳体
3  内接头
4  紧固基部
5  锁舌
6  锁凹部
7  紧固凸部
8  孔口
9  铆紧销
10 埋头部
11 内层
12 燃料箱壁
13 杆部

Claims (11)

1.一种用于将附件铆接紧固至塑料燃料箱的方法，铆接紧固发生在通过挤出吹塑一个分开的管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件来生产塑料燃料箱的时候，管状预成型件或两个板状挤出预成型件在模制两个互补的壳体之后或过程中通过使用多部件挤出模由热塑性材料制成，附件已经被设置或被设置有至少一个孔口(8)，其特征在于，借助由热塑性材料制成的至少一个预制的铆紧销(9)来进行铆接紧固，该铆紧销在单独的生产过程中获得，并且该铆紧销穿过附件的孔口而被焊接至燃料箱壁(12)，其中，所述壳体通过利用预成型件的挤出热而被模制，铆紧销(9)被焊接至所述壳体的壁的仍处于热熔的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，铆紧销(9)与一体地形成的铆接头一起使用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，通过使用具有至少两个外模和一个可移动到外模之间的附件承载器的吹塑模进行附件的引入和铆接，外模分别包括腔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，附件承载器被结合在中央模或中央框架中，或者被配置为中央模或中央框架，外模能朝向中央框架移动。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，铆接紧固是在模制所述壳体之后进行的，壳体的模制是在外模初始闭合的过程中或初始闭合之后立即进行的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，铆接紧固是在外模进一步闭合之后或过程中进行的。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，铆紧销(9)在焊接至所述壳体的壁之前被加热。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，铆紧销(9)已经通过注塑模制热塑性材料而被获得。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，具有紧固基部(4)的附件被用作附件，该附件具有多个设置有孔口(8)的紧固凸部(7)，在附件即将被引入之前孔口在任何情况下都已设置有穿过所述附件的铆紧销(9)。
10.一种由热塑性材料制成的燃料箱，所述燃料箱包括设置在燃料箱内的至少一个附件，所述至少一个附件借助至少一个孔口(8)被铆接至燃料箱壁(12)，其特征在于，被焊接至燃料箱壁(12)的一铆紧销(9)穿过所述至少一个孔口(8)，该铆紧销已经在单独的生产过程中被获得。
11.根据权利要求10所述的燃料箱，该燃料箱是根据权利要求1－9中任一项所述的方法而制成的。
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