CN101678594B - 由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法 - Google Patents

由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法 Download PDF

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CN101678594B
CN101678594B CN2008800174877A CN200880017487A CN101678594B CN 101678594 B CN101678594 B CN 101678594B CN 2008800174877 A CN2008800174877 A CN 2008800174877A CN 200880017487 A CN200880017487 A CN 200880017487A CN 101678594 B CN101678594 B CN 101678594B
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connection element
chamber wall
container
cutting
wall
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CN101678594A (zh
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G·沃尔特
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Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
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Kautex Textron GmbH and Co KG
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
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    • B29C49/0412—Means for cutting the extruded preform
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    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C51/12—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
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    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/53247—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers said spouts comprising flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法，其中，该容器在其在一个多件式模具(1)内成型的过程中配有至少一个穿通容器壁(4)的连接元件(3)。连接元件(3)按照本发明构造成两件式的，其中一件设计为可拆除的切割元件(11)。切割元件(11)用作穿透尖端，用于将容器壁在仍为塑性的状态下刺穿。

Description

由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法。
背景技术
本发明特别涉及到由热塑性塑料制造燃油容器的方法以及用于这种燃油容器的连接元件。
热塑性塑料制成的燃油容器对于碳氢化合物原则上应该是非渗透性的。这种容器通常由多层的共挤出物制造而成，其包括碳氢化合物的阻挡层。用于制造塑料燃油容器的塑料，例如聚乙烯，对于碳氢化合物原则上并不是抗扩散的。此外这种塑料在燃油的存在中倾向于膨胀。由于这个原因，已知的塑料燃油容器设有多层的壁，其中埋入一个EVOH层作为碳氢化合物的阻挡层。就此而言，所采用的基本材料缺乏抗扩散性不算是问题。
但通常燃油容器配置有内装配件，这些内装配件具有充气和排气管道以及电气连接接头。为了制造穿通油箱壁的通道，已知的是，给加工好的容器配备多个圆形开口，在其中嵌入连接件、阀等。阀、阀盖和套管与容器外壁焊接，覆盖住相应的开口。燃油容器上的这些连接点构成了潜在的泄漏点。所说泄漏并非就是理解为实际意义上的液体损失，确切地说，对此指的是：无附加阻挡措施在接缝位置和/或焊接的区域内的扩散泄漏或者扩散损失。为了避免在燃油容器的各连接接头处的泄漏路径，已知的是，将连接件和阀制造成复杂的两部件式构件，通常这些构件具有至少一个由一种能与油箱壁焊接的塑料组成的部件，而在这些元件上的功能部件则经常是由在燃油的存在中不发生膨胀的塑料制成。这些塑料大多不能与油箱所用的塑料焊接。
从EP 1 211 196，已知由热塑性塑料制造燃油容器的方法和以及这种具有用于软管等的连接元件的燃油容器。EP 1 211 196 A1介绍了一种两薄壳式的热塑性塑料燃油容器，具有埋入容器壁中的碳氢化合物阻挡层，其拼合成容器的薄壳是通过热成型得到的。为了确保各连接元件的简单安装，同时保持对碳氢化合物的高的抗渗透性，EP 1 211196 A1中提出了一种两件式的连接元件或者说一种两件式的配件，其包括至少一个外件和一个内件，其中，外件与容器外壁焊接，而内件在排挤容器壁和将其置于中间的情况下至少部分地穿通外件。这样的设置具有下述优点，即，容器壁在构件之间被封闭和排挤，从而使得受排挤的材料用作通道的密封。
这种穿过容器壁的通道可以在容器的各半壳热成型时相当容易地加以制造，而对于通过挤吹成型来制造燃油容器的情况，则较难实现这样的连接。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的在于，提供一种由热塑性塑料制造容器特别是燃油容器的方法，利用它，可以实现：在容器制造过程中以尽可能简单的措施在其上配备连接元件。同时应尽可能避免容器壁中的碳氧化合物泄漏路径，或者说将其限制到最小。
按照本发明，提出这样一种由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法，其中，容器在其在一个多件式模具内成型的过程中配有至少一个穿通容器壁的连接元件，容器壁在仍塑化的状态下借助连接元件的一部分被刺穿，而使得连接元件至少在部分区域内与容器壁达到一种材料接合的连接，其中，所述连接元件设有一穿透尖端，并且所述连接元件在穿透容器壁时被推进一个设于模具内的阴膜中，该阴膜设置或已设置在容器壁的背离连接元件的侧面上；所述连接元件在容器制造完成后保留于容器壁中。
在此，穿透尖端和阴模可以这样设计，即，使容器壁在所涉及的穿透区域内开口，从而基本上不产生或仅仅产生非常小的容器壁外翻。如果阴模的直径只稍微大于连接元件的穿透尖端的直径，则在容器壁中由连接元件穿通的开口基本上是被冲制出来。如果连接元件在其待穿过容器壁的那端具有一定的结构造型用以安装连接构件如管子或软管，则按这种方式确保：连接元件的穿透端自由地伸出于容器壁。对于本领域技术人员来说不言而喻的是，为此，必要时在从模具中取出容器时或以后，可能需要进行小的精整加工。
在按照本发明的方法中，将连接元件用作损耗的成型冲头，它从一侧刺穿容器壁。同时，连接元件本身用作刺穿容器壁的装置并且作为损耗性的成型冲头保留于容器壁中。模具同时用作阴模或者容纳座或作为用于连接元件的待压过燃油容器壁部的那部分的支座。“容器壁的刺穿”在本发明的意义上应该被理解为：在容器壁中这样制成的开口的圆周区域内的材料就外翻而言应该经历尽可能小的变形。
按照本发明的方法适宜包括对两个料幅状的预成型坯的挤出，其中每一料幅片构成一个容器薄壳。使料幅片在一个由外模具和一中心模具组成的三件式模具中变形，其中，中心模具具有可移动的或可滑动的构件夹具，借助于它，在容器壁成型时可以将各构件定位在其内壁上。本发明规定，连接元件按照这种方式从内向外刺穿容器壁。
优选地，连接元件在穿透容器壁时被推进一个设于模具内的阴模中，该阴模设置在容器壁的背离连接元件的侧面上。这样的阴模可以简单地通过模具中的一个凹空构成。或者，不同于模具中的这个凹空，可以在模具中装入一嵌件，使其在容器加工完成以后保留在容器壁上。
作为连接元件，适宜采用一套管，它设有一环绕的凸缘，用于与容器壁焊接。在所述环绕的凸缘的面向容器壁的侧面上进行与容器壁的焊接。此外还进行与连接元件圆周的穿通容器壁的那一部分的焊接。
或者，连接元件和一个例如欲设在容器内面的功能构件可以相互连接成一体，因而，举例来说，连接元件具有一个用于穿过容器壁的部分，其包括成形上去的法兰状凸缘，而连接元件另一方面成一体容纳例如阀壳体、起泡槽或任何其他的塑料构件。
连接元件的自由端也不必非得构成为套管，具体而言，也可以将其构造为插塞连接器、插式接合器等。
作为穿透尖端，可以例如采用套筒形的切割元件，借助于锁定或卡扣连接可拆除地安装到连接元件的互补的锁定成型部上。在连接元件上安装的可拆除的穿透尖端能防止连接元件被排挤的塑料堵塞或粘结。特别是，若连接元件从内向外刺穿容器壁，就可以在加工完成容器方便地拆除穿透尖端。
例如，可以规定：反复多次地使用切割元件。
在按照本发明的方法的一种适宜的可选方案中规定，在刺穿容器壁的步骤之前，连接元件至少在部分区域内被预热。例如可以设定对法兰状凸缘的预加温或预热，以便在该区域内改善连接元件与容器壁的材料接合连接。
本发明的目的还通过一种在按照本发明的方法中应用的连接元件来实现，其特征在于，连接元件设计为管形的穿透元件，具有一环绕的凸缘，用于与容器壁焊接，其中，连接元件的一部分设有一环绕的切割刃。优选地，将该连接元件设计为两件式的，其中，连接元件的一件构成为可拆除的切割元件。
这样的切割元件可以例如构造成套筒形的，它适宜包围连接元件的为刺穿壁所设的推进侧。
如果连接元件例如构成为传统的套管，带有为卡扼软管或管道而设置的端部，其通常具有一种所谓的枞树状成型部，则特别有利的是：切割元件这样地包围连接元件或者说套管的有关的成型轴颈，使其连接成型部不被熔化或者与热塑性材料粘结。
适宜的是，切割元件是与连接元件锁定的。
在连接元件的一种可选方案中，将其构造为具有至少一个外面的固定成型部的套管，其中，该固定成型部与切割元件形状锁合地配合作用。固定成型部为此例如可以具有一环绕的锁定凹槽，它与切割元件的一个或多个锁定钩或锁定凸起相配合。
切割元件适宜构造为大致呈圆柱形的套筒，具有一个在安装位置前导的、环绕的切割刃。切割刃适宜构造成波纹线形的，从而切割元件在其前导端构成为切割头。
在本发明连接元件的一种有利的可选方案中，切割元件在纵向方向上具有至少一个内部的分隔，通过该分隔而构成至少一个沿切割方向在前面的和一个沿切割方向在后面的熔体空腔。在刺穿壁时被排挤的、塑化的热塑性材料首先被收集于前面的熔体空腔内。必要的话，也将该材料挤进沿切割方向在后面的熔体空腔中。为此适宜规定：熔体空腔经由至少一个熔体通道相互连通。
附图说明
下面借助于一个在附图中示出的实施例来说明本发明的有利设计。其中：
图1：套装到构件夹具上的连接元件的第一可选方案在其刺穿容器壁之前的示意图；
图2：说明借助按照本发明的连接元件刺穿容器壁的示意图；
图3：示意性示出在容器壁中保留的连接元件以及切割元件的拆除过程；以及
图4：本发明连接元件的第二可选方案。
具体实施方式
图1中示意示性出了吹制成型模具1的壁的一部分。为简单起见，未示出完整的吹制成型模具和所属的挤出机以及取出装置等。
该吹制成型模具(其用于按照本发明制造容器)包括两个外模具和一个中心模具，其中，吹制成型模具的各个部分是以通常方式安装在模具夹紧板上的，模具夹紧板可以在一闭合机架内移动。外模具可以相离和相向地依照吹制成型模具的打开运动及关闭运动方向移动。中心模具可以横向于外模具的打开运动和关闭运动移动。中心模具包括可气动调整的或移动的构件夹具，利用该构件夹具，内装配件可被定位于待制造的容器中。按照本发明的容器是设计为由热塑性塑料构成的多层挤出的燃油容器。
该方法包括从挤出头中排出料幅状的预成型坯，并且将预成型坯分别在外模具与中心模具之间定长切断。使各外模具相对于中心模具关闭。将预成型坯借助于气压加载和/或借助于外面施加的真空插进或压进由各外模具形成的模具分腔中。在另一步骤中，例如使在构件夹具2上定位的连接元件3向一个外模具(吹制成型模具1)的方向移动，以使得连接元件3刺穿预成型坯5的壁4。然后，例如将图2中所示的构件夹具2插进未示出的中心模具中。移开各外模具，将中心模具横向于打开运动和关闭运动在外模具之间移动，以使外模具能重新关闭，此时，分别构成半壳的预成型坯就可以拼合成一个封闭的容器。
如上文所述，连接元件3可以设计为连接套管，它在环绕的凸缘6的两侧分别构成一个配有枞树状成型部7的轴颈8。相对于预成型坯的壁4，连接元件3具有一个沿推进方向引导的前导端9和一个沿推进方向在后面的后端10。在图1至3所示的连接元件3可选方案中，在前导端9上套装了一个空心的、套筒形的切割元件11，它具有前面的环绕的切割刃12。切割刃12构造成波纹线形的并且具有一种冠状的外形，由此便于实现对预成型坯5的壁4的刺穿。切割刃12不是必须设计为波纹线形的，具体而言，它也可以具有图4所示的切割元件的外形轮廓。在切割元件11的远离切割刃12的一端，设有向内凸出的、弹性构造的锁定凸起13，该锁定凸起卡扣到位于连接元件的轴颈8的圆周上的锁定凹槽14中。锁定凸起13可以分别设置在切割元件的例如可以通过其相应构造的纵向槽口形成的锁定弹簧上。
在连接元件3的轴颈8上，在其前导端9，还设置有一个用于切割元件11的环绕的挡肩15。
切割元件在环绕的切割刃12区域内构成一个沿推进方向前导的第一熔体空腔16。沿推进方向在其后面设置一个第二熔体空腔17。熔体空腔16、17相互通过熔体通道18连通。
在吹制成型模具1的壁中设有一凹空19，它构成一阴模，其直径相当于切割元件11的直径。这正如结合图1至3所看到的那样，套装在构件夹具2上连接元件3借助构件夹具2被压进预成型坯5的壁4中，此时被切割元件11穿透的和排挤的塑性材料被压进凹空19中。该材料部分地流入第一熔体空腔16中，并且也可能通过熔体通道18流入第二熔体空腔17中。
图2示出了拉回的构件夹具和完全穿透预成型坯5的壁4的连接元件，其中，连接元件3的环绕的凸缘6全面地贴紧所述壁4并且与预成型坯5的仍为塑性的壁焊接。
工件在吹制成型模具中加工完成以后，可以从连接元件3的向外伸出的轴颈8上去掉切割元件11，如在图3中说明的那样。
连接元件3在前述实施例中对称地构造为套管或双套管，其中，在环绕的凸缘6的两侧分别设置了一个具有枞树状成型部7的轴颈8，两轴颈具有大致相同的长度，并且轴颈8的成型外形是完全相同的，因而可以在连接元件3的任一侧套装切割元件11。
为了构成熔体空腔16、17，切割元件11设有一内部的分隔20，它被一熔体通道18穿通。代替一个熔体通道18，也可以设置多个熔体通道。
在图4所示的连接元件3可选方案中，它在其前导端9设有一切割元件11，该切割元件不是设计为可拆除的套筒，而构造为连接元件3的整体组成部分。连接元件的前导端9成套筒状扩大并且设有一环绕的切割刃12，该切割刃在图4所示的剖视图中成圆弧形弯曲。切割刃的这种特别的几何形状允许以较小的穿入阻力实现容器壁的穿透或冲孔，以防产生容器壁4的过度外翻。如果需要，可以在加工完成容器之后在一后续处理步骤中分离切割元件。
为了改善连接元件3的凸缘6或者说环绕的法兰与容器壁4的可焊性，在图4所示的连接元件3可选方案中，在凸缘6的面向壁4的表面21上设置一种成型结构。通过表面21的锯齿似的结构，局部地降低了塑料的热容量，从而确保与容器壁4的良好的可焊性。
附图标记清单
1吹制成型模具
2构件夹具
3连接元件
4壁
5预成型坯
6凸缘
7枞树状成型部
8轴颈
9前导端
10后端
11切割元件
12切割刃
13锁定凸起
14锁定凹槽
15挡肩
16第一熔体空腔
17第二熔体空腔
18熔体通道
19凹空
20分隔
21表面

Claims (6)

1.由热塑性塑料通过挤吹成型来制造容器的方法，其中，该容器在其在一个多件式模具内成型的过程中配有至少一个穿通容器壁的连接元件，容器壁在仍为塑化的状态下借助连接元件的一部分被刺穿，而使得连接元件至少在部分区域内与容器壁达到一种材料接合的连接，其中，所述连接元件设有一穿透尖端，并且连接元件在穿透容器壁时被推进一个设于模具内的阴模中，该阴模设置或已设置在容器壁的背离连接元件的侧面上；所述连接元件在容器制造完成后保留于容器壁中。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，采用一套管作为所述连接元件，该套管设有一环绕的凸缘，用于与容器壁焊接。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，采用一套筒形的切割元件作为所述穿透尖端，该切割元件可拆除地安装到连接元件上。
4.按照权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，采用一套筒形的切割元件作为所述穿透尖端，该切割元件可拆除地安装到连接元件上。
5.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在刺穿容器壁的步骤之前，连接元件至少在部分区域内被预热。
6.按照权利要求1至4之一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连接元件一体成形于一个功能构件上。
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