CN102946825B - 用于移植系统的填充结构及其使用方法 - Google Patents

用于移植系统的填充结构及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN102946825B
CN102946825B CN201080065043.8A CN201080065043A CN102946825B CN 102946825 B CN102946825 B CN 102946825B CN 201080065043 A CN201080065043 A CN 201080065043A CN 102946825 B CN102946825 B CN 102946825B
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K·T·V·劳
R·P·甘佩茨
A·李
A·卡瓦
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Abstract

一种用于治疗动脉瘤的系统,该系统包括第一双壁填充结构,其具有外壁和内壁。所述填充结构适于用可硬化流体填充介质来填充,以使得外壁与动脉瘤的内侧表面一致,以及内壁形成一般的管状腔室以允许血液从中流过。内壁包括血液接触层和加强层。所述加强层阻止了腔室的环向蠕变或弹性扩张。

Description

用于移植系统的填充结构及其使用方法
背景技术
1、技术领域。本发明总地涉及一种用于治疗的医疗系统和方法。更特别的是,本发明涉及用于治疗动脉瘤的设备和方法。
先前的专利申请已描述了一种修复动脉瘤的方法,其通过将填充结构引入动脉瘤中、采用支撑结构来支撑该填充结构、以及用可硬化材料来填充该填充结构,所述可硬化材料填充动脉瘤囊。移除支撑结构留下用于血液流动的腔室,并且可硬化材料填充所述囊并阻止血压进一步扩大该囊。
一旦填充结构投入使用,该填充结构经受脉动压力,并通过设计来屏蔽动脉瘤经受该压力的大部分。因此,动脉瘤自身可以通过在填充结构和动脉壁之间血栓的重吸收而改变形状,以及收缩或重塑动脉壁自身。这会导致填充结构外侧上压力的缩减。在一些设计中,这会导致填充结构的内部腔室通过时变弹性变形或蠕变而增长。理想的是在动脉瘤改变形状时阻止内部腔室中的这种变化。
动脉瘤能够发生在一定的形状和尺寸范围内,这取决于受累动脉的个体解剖结构、探测到动脉瘤所花的时间长度、血压以及其它因素。因此,通过填充动脉瘤囊设计以修复动脉瘤的结构需要设计以有效地横跨各种囊形状和尺寸,或它们需要提供以多个尺码、或者它们需要是针对特定解剖结构定做。有时,该结构可以具有上述特征的组合。
一种期望类型的腔室内动脉瘤修复装置利用双壁填充结构来填充该动脉瘤,而保持腔室用于动脉内的持续血液流动。为了适合各种动脉瘤尺寸,所述双壁填充结构可以选择以使得其能够在动脉瘤所有部分内至少扩张至囊的尺寸。这避免了需要针对每个动脉瘤进行装置的自定义版式,而是允许外科医生在有限数量的尺码装置中选择。这样,将填充结构选择成至少与所填充的囊一样大。一些实施方式可以具有弹性外壁,其扩张并与内侧动脉瘤壁一致,而其它填充结构使用大致非弹性的外侧壁,其是薄且挠性的,从而在填充该填充结构时,外侧壁部分地延伸以完全填充该囊,以及在填充结构的外侧壁中任何残留的容积呈折皱或褶皱的形式。弹性外侧壁的有利之处在于潜在的不存在折皱,但是缺陷在于弹性外侧壁将不能精确地与囊弯曲中的急剧变化相一致。
在利用该装置并用可硬化填充介质填充时,减轻动脉瘤壁上的压力。经过一段时间,动脉瘤中的血栓被重吸收以及动脉瘤壁松弛,减轻了填充结构上的反压力。因此,填充结构和填充介质需要足够刚性从而在该情况发生时内部腔室不改变形状。由折皱和褶皱在填充结构壁上引起填充介质中的不连续性降低了填充结构的强度。使得填充结构能够以如下方式填充是有利的,即在其一些部分中没有留下任何内部折皱。同样有利的是使得填充结构足够的强劲,从而即使在非连续填充时也能抵制蠕变,以及足够薄从而能够经皮传输通过脉管系统,这通常需要14Fr或更小的装置。
另外,期望的是使填充介质具有在治疗中或治疗后粘附到填充结构壁上的化学性质,从而现场形成的装置能够承受生物力学负载并调节动脉瘤的长期重塑。这能够通过添加剂来实现从而改变填充介质的化学性质或改变填充结构的内层的化学性质或涂覆填充结构的内层,从而在装置现场形成时填充介质粘附到填充结构。
为了避免装置的移动和泄露,还期望在可硬化填充材料填充时,该装置在其近端和远端尽可能地与动脉瘤的形状一致。还期望提供一种装置,通过该装置可以使得在使用薄的、非弹性材料制成时,该填充结构与动脉瘤的颈部紧密地一致。还期望的是抵制由血管的脉动压相对于该装置所引起的蠕变变形以及重塑。
2、背景技术描述。美国专利申请号2006/0025853描述了一种用于治疗主动脉和其它动脉瘤的双壁填充结构。共同未决申请、共同拥有的美国专利申请号2006/0212112描述了使用衬层和填充剂以在主动脉内锚定和密封该双壁填充结构。这两篇公开文本的全部披露均通过引用合并于此。PCT公开号WO01/21108描述了可扩张植入物,其连接到中间移植物用于填充主动脉动脉瘤。还参见美国专利号5,330,528、5,534,024、5,843,160、6,168,592、6,190,402、6,312,462、6,312,463、美国专利公开号2002/0045848、2003/0014075、2004/0204755、2005/0004660以及PCT公开号WO 02/102282。
发明概述
在本发明的第一个方面,一种双壁填充结构,包括薄的、挠性、非多孔的以及生物相容性外侧材料,其阻止了流体越过该边界的运动以及其足够挠性从而填充并遵照动脉瘤壁的不规则轮廓。该填充结构的内侧腔室可由相同或不同材料制成,所述材料选择并定向为具有针对环形蠕变和弹性偏转的高抵抗力。内侧腔室可以通过包括加强构件而加强,所述加强构件包括纤维、金属丝、条带或套筒,其环形地定向以改善对环向应力的抵抗力。内侧腔室还可以通过使用多层材料来加强。可以将内侧腔室插入金属、聚合物或纤维的管状网或隔膜以提供对蠕变的抵抗力。在内侧腔室是锥形或波状外形以提供从一端到另一端直径上的渐变时,加强腔室也可以是锥形的以匹配腔室锥形。
在本发明的第二个方面,填充结构的内侧腔室由选定为能够承受血流施加的最大脉动压而不会经历蠕变或显著弹性变形的厚度和/或合成物的材料构造。通常期望最小化填充结构的厚度,从而该方面的变体是利用具有各向异性应力特性的材料,其定向和处理为在环形方向上具有最大强度。该材料的实例是延伸的聚四氟乙烯、或膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE),其通常在一个方向上扩张并可以按照列表缩减其厚度以及减少其多孔性。ePTFE薄片在预应力轴中呈现具有最大值的各向异性模量,以及还呈现应变硬化性,其中模量随着沿预应力轴的变形而增加。因此通过构建ePTFE的内侧腔室,使得预应力轴定向在环形方向上,能够抵制由血压引起的蠕变。在该容积内还可以利用其它材料,只要它们具有在至少一个轴上的足够强度,以及是生物相容性的并且不透流体。
本发明的第三个方面包括将支撑结构附接至填充结构的内侧腔室内。内部支撑框架(内框架)可以由生物相容超弹性材料制成,诸如镍钛合金(例如镍钛诺),并可以用来支撑由可硬化材料填充的填充结构的内侧腔室。填充结构的内侧腔室可以是波形的从而其在沿其长度的每个位置上匹配内框架的直径以避免折皱。通过将该腔室在多个点附接至内框架,该框架为腔室提供了额外的蠕变抵抗力。这可以包括缝合、热熔、溶剂焊接或本领域内其它公知的方法用于将不同的材料彼此连接。可替代的,内部加强元件可由诸如不锈钢、钴铬合金等的球囊扩张材料制成。环形加强筋可以熔接至该填充材料的内侧腔室的外侧或内侧以提供支撑。这样,该框架可以包括一组这样的环。这些环可以由生物相容金属或聚合物制成。这些环可以成形为它们在现场可压缩和容易地扩张,例如通过波状式样或之字形式样形成每个环。
在本发明的第四个方面,加强管围绕填充结构的内侧腔室以提供额外的强化。该管可由与内侧腔室相同的材料制成,或可以不同。由于该加强管不接触血液或组织,减少了其生物相容性要求。该加强管可以是连续材料,或它可以是通过本领域内已知的数种方法中的一种附接至内侧腔室的网格,例如包括缝合、热熔、溶剂焊接、超声焊接、或粘合剂。将该管材料选择为具有环形方向的强度,结合内侧腔室所提供的强度,以抵抗由血压峰值所引起的蠕变。使用拉普拉斯定律:
环向应力=压力*血管半径/壁厚度。
使用用于平均血压的一般值=100mmHg(健康80/120mmHg)、半径R=7mm(2-14mm的环以治疗26mm的主动脉),以及设定壁厚为150微米,一般应力约为600MPa。最大应力约为1100MPa,以及最小环向应力估计约为300MPa。
在本发明的另一个方面,通过添加剂/共价结合来修饰填充介质从而它粘附至填充结构的壁以及保持该装置完整和适应重塑。
在本发明的又一个方面,填充结构的内壁可以通过添加剂、涂层和共价结合来修饰从而填充介质粘附至填充介质并保持该装置的形状。
在本发明的又一个方面,填充结构包括两个或多个共轴隔室,其中的内侧隔室是包绕内侧腔室的空心圆柱体,以及外侧隔室成形为填充动脉瘤并与动脉瘤壁的不规则轮廓一致。内侧隔室可以与外侧隔室流体连通。所述内侧隔室和外侧隔室可以具有独立的填充端口,或可以将阀或瓣设置为指引填充材料首先流入第一区域,然后流至其它区域。填充材料引入至内侧区域,以及在内侧区域充满后流动至外侧区域,从而提供包绕填充结构的血管腔的可硬化介质的连续层。这导致了内侧区域完全用空心圆柱体的可硬化填充介质来填充,其通过填充结构自身的内侧和中间层强化,阻止了径向扩张。此外,内侧隔室大小设定为它可以完全扩展而不会折皱,而外侧隔室的大小是填充可能会遇到的各种动脉瘤几何结构并因此可以是弹性材料、或诸如PTFE或ePTFE的挠性、基本非弹性材料,它们足够大从而填充各种动脉瘤腔。在后者情形中,在填充后填充结构的外侧部分中可能会根据动脉瘤的形状、尺寸和病理生理而折叠。这些折叠可以中断硬化填充介质的结构,从而它会分裂为两个或多个子容积,抑制了它的强度并提供了空间以降压,以及允许重塑以作为动脉瘤的部分愈合机制。
输送至内侧区域的填充介质可以选择为增强对脉动压或蠕变的抵抗力的材料属性。例如,内侧区域材料可以是聚乙二醇(PEG)基水凝胶,其具有比输送至外侧区域的材料更高的体积弹性模量。内侧隔室中的较硬材料抑制了脉动施力,以及外侧隔室中的较软材料使得易于成形和重塑。
类似的,靶向至外侧区域的材料可以例如选择为在硬化前具有较低的粘性从而更均匀地填充该囊,以及具有不同的硬化时间、或与填充结构的壁结合的能力。这例如可以通过化学/共价结合来实现,其通过为水凝胶或填充结构的内壁或两者添加反应官能团。可以优选地使用氢键结合来产生水凝胶至该填充结构的内侧表面的附接。这需要在水凝胶或填充结构的壁或两者中传递供氢体原子或实体受氢体原子。可以使用物理粘合剂/粘合力将水溶胶在内侧表面上各个预定位置连接至该界面。填充结构内表面的外壁可以通过表面衍生或通过叠层来修饰,从而允许其结合填充材料以改善整体强度。
在本发明的另一个方面中,填充结构的外表面涂覆有促进外表面上的上皮生长的物质,进而增加绕填充结构的密封,其用于维持随时间的围阻压力。该方法可以结合这里所描述的其它方法来增加强度。
在本发明的另一个方面,一种用于治疗动脉瘤的方法,包括提供具有外侧壁和内侧壁的双壁填充结构,以及将该双壁填充结构毗邻动脉瘤定位。该填充结构填充以可硬化流体填充介质,从而所述外壁与动脉瘤的内侧表面一致,以及内壁形成通常的管状腔室以允许血液从中流过。基于通过该腔室的血流限制了该腔室的蠕变或者弹性扩张。
所述限制步骤可以包括提供加强层,其至少部分围绕管状腔室布置,或以可硬化流体介质填充隔室,其至少部分地绕管状腔室布置。
在以下关于附图的说明中更详细地描述这些和其它实施方式。
附图简介
图1说明了肾下型腹主动脉瘤的解剖结构。
图2说明了包含多层加强内侧腔室的填充结构。
图3说明了包含具有锥形端的内侧腔室的填充结构。
图4说明了包括多个隔室的填充结构。
图5A-5D说明了在动脉瘤内部署填充结构的例证性方法
发明详述
参照图1,肾下型腹主动脉瘤的解剖结构,包括胸主动脉(TA),其在髂动脉(IA)上方端部具有肾动脉(RA)。腹主动脉瘤(AAA)通常形成在肾动脉(RA)和髂动脉(IA)之间并可能在其内表面(S)的各部分上方具有附壁血栓(T)区域。
图2示出了实施本发明各方面的填充结构201。填充结构201包括由腔室壁202、外侧壁209以及加强套筒203构成的中心腔室204。填充管208在该装置的定位期间附接至套管,并允许可硬化填充材料进入该填充结构的内侧容积,然后密封自身以阻止移除套管时填充材料的回流。填充管208可以包括撕裂线210,其由部分穿孔或切口边缘形成。该撕裂线允许在填充套筒移除时填充管的部分或整个外侧部移除,从而一旦放置了该填充结构,没有任何填充管突出超过填充结构。这阻止了填充管和主动脉壁之间的接触,减少了血栓形成的风险。
仍然参照图2,加强套筒203可以层压、焊接、缝合或胶粘地附接至中心腔室204,或可以是在装配过程中置于中心腔室204上的独立套筒。加强套筒203和中心腔室204都可以改变直径以更加密切地遵照目标主动脉、特别是端部的自然直径。通过将填充结构的直径更加紧密地匹配动脉瘤颈部的直径来提供更优的密封。
如图3所示,可以将填充结构301构造成内侧腔室303随着填充结构长度在直径上变化,以增加填充容积305并改进与动脉瘤的一个或多个颈部的密封。在一个方面,填充结构301具有外侧壁302和腔室303。腔室303在每端比它们之间的点具有更大的直径304,并可以包括圆柱形中间部303a,其具有一个或多个圆锥形端部303b。可以选择圆锥形端部303b的肩部斜面以控制填充后的填充结构301的形状。选择接近填充结构的外径的圆锥部303b最大直径产生了更加环形的截面,而相对于填充结构301的外径的较小最大直径产生了椭圆或眼状截面。也可以选择用于内侧腔室的其它锥形轮廓;例如能够使用抛物线或双曲线轮廓以提供从一个内径至另一内径的连续过渡,这将减少腔室内的湍流。注意到前述描述是用于例证性目的,并不旨在排除其它直径轮廓。
图4示出了填充结构401,其包括至少两个填充隔室。内框架402可以在其填充、保持内侧腔室403的直径时用于支撑填充结构。内侧隔室404直接地连接至填充阀407以使得填充材料进入隔室404从而在流入外侧隔室406前形成内侧聚合物护套。在该方面中,该两个隔室可以彼此流体连通,可任选地具有在两个隔室之间的限制以使得填充介质的粘性在填充外侧隔室前使内侧隔室完全膨胀。美国专利申请No.12/429,474(代理案号No.025925-002610US)公开了各种输送系统配置和方法用于输送和配置填充结构,它们可以用于这里公开的任何填充结构,其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
在可替代的方面,内侧隔室404可与外侧隔室406分离,以及每个隔室具有类似填充阀407的独立填充阀。在该情形中,阀407与内侧隔室连通,以及另一个填充阀(未示出)与外侧隔室连通。这允许使用两种不同的填充介质,每种具有潜在不同的材料特性。例如,内侧隔室填充介质可以选择快速治疗时间以允许内框架402的快速移除,或选择更大的体积弹性模量以提供针对动脉压的增强阻力。外侧隔室填充介质可以选择针对填充结构401内壁的增强粘附力。独立的填充阀也允许各隔室以可控顺序填充。在一个方面,在外侧隔室前填充内侧隔室以允许内侧隔室的完全填充,提供实心结构以抵抗脉动压。然后充分地填充外侧隔室以填充动脉瘤囊而不会使主动脉壁超载。
现在参照图5a,我们描述在动脉瘤500中放置和填充多区填充结构的例证性方法。将导丝503和套管502上的卷起填充结构501引入至动脉瘤中。撤回护套504以释放填充结构501。套管502包含导丝503以及一个或多个光学腔室(未示出),用于填充该填充结构隔室,并能够用于引入内框架和扩张球囊,以及允许填充结构和其它结构从用于配置的套管分离的线。
继续参照图5b,通过填充造影剂、盐水或它们组合的溶液以及其它流体来将展开的填充结构完全地展开。这是有利的,因为填充结构的壁尤其在最终杀菌和储存后会粘附邻近壁。一旦展开,展开所需的溶液体积可用来评估将引入的水凝胶混合物的体积,从而完全填充动脉瘤囊而不会过压在壁上。
继续参照图5c,内框架505可以引入至填充结构501的内侧腔室以在水凝胶填充步骤期间支撑内侧腔室。内框架505可以自展开,或者可以通过诸如经由套筒502引入的球囊(未示出)的可展开隔膜来展开。可以在填充步骤后撤回内框架505,或者可以长期地留在适当位置。
继续图5d,未固化的流体水凝胶通过套管502引入至填充结构501的内部506。在一个方面,内分区506可处于与填充结构501的外分区507的受限流体连通。在该情形中,一旦内分区506填满,水凝胶通过通道流向外分区507。水溶胶的粘性结合通道的截面面积引起内分区506保持膨胀而外分区507以水凝胶的剩余容积填充直至填充结构501完全填充动脉瘤囊。在另一个方面,内分区506和外分区507可以通过套筒502中独立的填充管(未示出)填充。在该方面,填充内分区506直至水凝胶的测量压达到阈值压力,或直至水凝胶的分配容积达到阈值容积,其指示内分区506的完全填充。然后外分区507用剩余的水凝胶填充,如先前描述的预填充步骤所评估的。注意的是填充结构可以包括多于两个的隔室,在该情形中,持续该填充过程直至所有隔室被恰当地和完全地填充。一旦水凝胶固化——优选地短于10分钟,以及更优选地短于5分钟,以及更优选地短于4分钟,可以从填充结构分离填充管,以及可以撤回套筒和导丝。注意的是该过程可以在两个填充结构上同时进行,使得一个填充结构插入通过每个髂动脉。通过内框架的完全或部分展开、或内框架可以不展开,来执行填充结构的填充。另外,可展开构件可以在填充过程中部分地或完全地展开或不展开。还可以使用荧光透视法、超声、或其它方法来可视化填充,从而确保填充结构正确地扩展和填充动脉瘤空间。
尽管以上是本发明优选实施方式的完整描述,但也可以使用各种替代、变型或等效物。因此,上述说明不应该认为是本发明范围的限制,本发明范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于治疗动脉瘤的系统,所述系统包括:
第一双壁填充结构,其具有外壁和内壁,其中,所述填充结构适于用可硬化流体填充介质来填充,以使所述外壁与动脉瘤的内侧表面一致,并且所述内壁形成基本管状内侧腔室,以便允许血液从中流过,其中,所述内壁包括:血液接触层;以及
围绕所述内侧腔室且设置在位于所述内壁与外壁之间的可填充空间内的加强套筒,所述加强套筒适于阻止所述内侧腔室的环形蠕变或弹性扩张,其中所述内壁和外壁不包括加强套筒,并且所述加强套筒独立于所述内壁。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒包括金属、织物、隔膜或聚合物网格。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒包括绕所述内侧腔室环形布置的纤维或细丝。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒包括绕所述内侧腔室螺旋形布置的纤维或细丝。
5.如权利要求3所述的系统,其特征在于,所述纤维或细丝包括金属或聚合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒大致不柔顺。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其特征在于,所述内侧腔室具有纵向长度,并且所述加强套筒的纵向长度小于所述内侧腔室的纵向长度。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其特征在于,所述内侧腔室具有近侧端和远侧端,并且所述近侧端和远侧端是向外展开的。
9.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述填充结构的内表面被涂覆和修饰,以便粘附填充介质。
10.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述填充介质粘附至所述填充结构的内壁,以便随着时间推移保持装置的形状。
11.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒包括与所述内壁相同的材料。
12.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒包括不同于所述内壁的材料。
13.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒由连续材料制成。
14.如权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述加强套筒与所述内壁和外壁是分离的。
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US11638638B2 (en) 2023-05-02
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US20110276078A1 (en) 2011-11-10

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