CN102869618A - 用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102869618A
CN102869618A CN2011800214908A CN201180021490A CN102869618A CN 102869618 A CN102869618 A CN 102869618A CN 2011800214908 A CN2011800214908 A CN 2011800214908A CN 201180021490 A CN201180021490 A CN 201180021490A CN 102869618 A CN102869618 A CN 102869618A
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weighting agent
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S.伍达德
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Siemens Industry Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/34—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations
    • C02F1/36—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with mechanical oscillations ultrasonic vibrations
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields
    • C02F1/488—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields for separation of magnetic materials, e.g. magnetic flocculation
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/12—Inert solids used as ballast for improving sedimentation

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Abstract

用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统，其包括至少一个厌氧处理反应器。加重剂浸渍子系统，其被配置成混合加重剂和生物絮体来形成已加重的生物絮体以在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中产生已加重的厌氧污泥层。加重剂回收子系统，其被配置成从过量的污泥回收加重剂并且将该加重剂再引入到所述的加重剂浸渍子系统。

Description

用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统和方法
相关申请
根据35U.S.C.§§119,120,363,365,和37C.F.R.§1.55和§1.78，本申请特此要求2010年4月27日递交的序列号为12/799,582的美国专利申请的权益和优先权，通过引证的方式将该美国专利申请的内容并入本PCT申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统和方法。
背景技术
采用厌氧处理反应器(anaerobic treatment reactor)来处理废水的方法，所述废水，诸如来自乙醇厂、酿酒厂、制药厂、食品处理厂、纸浆和纸设备等等的废水。厌氧处理反应器通常被接种一定量的微生物，所述微生物吸收流入的废水中的污染物以形成生物絮体(biological flocs)或颗粒(下文皆称生物絮体)。废水通常被注入到厌氧处理反应器的底部，并且微生物在那里消耗废物且形成生物絮体。在充足的启动期间之后，生物絮体在靠近厌氧处理反应器的底部形成厌氧污泥层(anaerobic sludge blanket)。
在操作中，废水被注入到厌氧处理反应器的底部，向上流动并穿过厌氧污泥层，使得废水与在那里消耗废物的微生物接触。然后，已处理的废水作为清的流出物向上流过厌氧处理反应器的挡流坝(weir)。
传统的厌氧处理反应器系统，厌氧污泥层与流入的废水的比重(specificgravity)差别有限。因此，如果流入的废水的流速过高，有限的比重差别能导致厌氧污泥层散开(diffuse)。这个结果可能会加大微生物从挡流坝的流失，从而可能导致降低处理效率和系统容量。
发明内容
本发明描述了用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统，其包括至少一个厌氧处理反应器。加重剂浸渍子系统(weighting agent impregnation subsystem)，其被配置成混合加重剂(weighting agent)和生物絮体来形成已加重的生物絮体(weighted biological flocs)以在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中产生已加重的厌氧污泥层(weighted anaerobic sludge blanket)。加重剂回收子系统(weightingagent recovery subsystem)，其被配置成从过量的污泥回收加重剂并且将该加重剂再引入到所述的加重剂浸渍子系统。
在一个实施方式中，已加重的厌氧污泥层可以被配置成处理废水并提供已处理的流出物(treated effluent)。加重剂浸渍子系统可以包括浸渍罐(impregnation tank)和至少一个混合器(mixer)。加重剂浸渍子系统可以包括用于贮存初始加重剂并将初始加重剂分配到浸渍罐中的贮存子系统(storagesubsystem)。加重剂浸渍子系统可以包括文氏混合器/喷射器(venturimixer/eductor)。加重剂回收子系统可以包括用于将加重剂从生物絮体分离的分离器子系统(separator subsystem)。所述分离器子系统可以包括剪切磨机(shear mill)。所述分离器子系统可以包括离心分离器(centrifugal separator)。所述分离器子系统可以包括超声分离器(ultrasonic separator)。所述分离器子系统可以包括剪切磨机和湿式圆筒磁选分离器(wet drum magneticseparator)。所述分离器子系统可以包括剪切磨机和离心分离器。所述分离器子系统可以包括超声分离器和湿式圆筒磁选分离器。所述分离器子系统可以包括超声分离器和离心分离器。所述剪切磨机可以包括转子(rotor)和定子(stator)，其中转子和/或定子包括具有可以最优化加重剂从已加重的生物絮体分离的尺寸的缝(slots)。大部分加重剂的粒径可以小于约100μm。大部分加重剂的粒径可以小于约40μm。大部分加重剂的粒径可以小于约20μm。所述加重剂可以包含磁铁矿(magnetite)。该系统可以包括用于排放(wasting)过量的污泥以控制微生物群体(population of microorganism)的排放子系统(wasting subsystem)。该系统的容量可以通过排放子系统减少被排放污泥的量从而增加厌氧处理反应器中的微生物固体的浓度来增加。所述已加重的生物 絮体可以通过减少其中悬浮固体和相关污染物来提高已处理的流出物 (treated effluent)的质量(quality)。
本发明还描述了用于处理废水的压载厌氧方法，该方法包括以下步骤：a)在至少一个生物反应器中接收流入的废水；b)在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中形成生物絮体；c)将加重剂浸渍到生物絮体中以形成已加重的生物絮体来生产已加重的厌氧污泥层；和d)从已加重的生物絮体中回收加重剂以将该加重剂再引入到步骤c)。
在一个实施方案中，该方法可以包括引废水流过已加重的厌氧污泥层以提供已处理流出物的步骤。该方法可以包括从已加重的生物絮体分离加重剂的步骤。该方法可以包括收集加重剂并且将加重剂循环到步骤c)的步骤。该方法可以另外包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约100μm。该方法可以另外包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约40μm。该方法可以另外包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约20μm。该方法可以进一步包括通过减少其中悬浮固体和相关污染物来提高已处理的流出物的质量的步骤。
本发明，然而，在其他实施方式中，不需要达到所有这些目标，并且其权利要求不应当被限制于可以实现这些目标的结构或方法。
附图说明
通过以下优选地实施方式的描述和附图，本领域技术人员可以想到其他物体、特征和优点：
图1是本发明的用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统的一个实施方式的侧视示意图；
图2A是示出了形成于图1中所示的厌氧处理反应器的底部的已加重的污泥层的一个实施例的侧视示意图；
图2B是图1和图2A中所示用于处理废水的系统的侧视示意图，描绘了流出物的循环线路和气体收集器的一个实施例；
图3是示出了根据本发明的加重剂被浸渍到生物絮体中以形成已加重生物絮体的一个实施例的显微图；
图4是示出了图1中所示的加重剂浸渍子系统的另一个实施方式的侧视示意图；
图5A是示出了图1中所示的分离器的一个实施方式的侧视示意图；
图5B是示出了图5A中所示的剪切磨机的定子和转子的缝的一个实施例的顶视示意图；
图5C是图5A中的剪切磨机的一个实施方式的三维视图；
图6是图1中所示分离器的另一个实施方式的三维正视图；和
图7是图1中所示的分离器的又另一个实施方式的三维正视图。
具体实施方式
除了下面公开的优选实施方式或实施方式以外，本发明还有其他的实施方式或以多种方式实施或执行。因此，可以理解的，本发明，在其应用中，不限于下面的描述或图中所示的构造细节和组件的组织。如果本文仅叙述了一个实施方式，其权利要求不限制于该实施方式。
此外，不对本发明权利要求做限制性解释，除非存在清楚、有说服力的证据证明某一特定的排他(exclusion)、限制(restriction)或放弃(disclaimer)情况。
图1中所示，本发明的用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统(ballasted anaerobicsystem)10的一个实施方式。系统10包括至少一个厌氧处理反应器12，例如散装容积发酵(bulk volume fermenter，BVF)处理反应器、升流式厌氧污泥层(up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket，UASB)处理反应器、内循环(internalcirculation，IC)处理反应器、厌氧接触器(anaerobic contactor)、连续搅拌反应器(continuous stirred reactor)或相似类型的反应器。厌氧处理反应器12通过线路16接收流入的废水14。优选地，厌氧处理反应器12可以被覆盖，如13，以在其中产生厌氧的环境。流入的废水14通常是来自乙醇厂、酿酒厂、制药厂、纸浆和纸设备或任何类似的设备或工厂的高强度(high strength)的废水。流入的废水14通常经线路16被注入到厌氧处理反应器12的底部15并且向上流动，如箭头17所示。优选地，厌氧处理反应器12被接种促进生物絮体23生长的微生物群体。在充足的启动期后，污泥层18在靠近厌氧处理反应器12的底部15的位置形成。
为了克服在上述背景技术部分谈到的问题，系统10包括加重剂浸渍子系统26，该加重剂浸渍子系统浸渍生物絮体23以形成已加重的生物絮体25(图2A)，以产生已加重的厌氧污泥层19。在一个实施方式中，加重剂浸渍子系统26，如图1和2A，包括浸渍罐28和混合器30，该混合器30通过线路32从厌氧污泥层18(如图1)和/或已加重的厌氧污泥层19(如图2A)接收生物絮体。优选地，浸渍罐28也接收初始加重剂33，例如通过线路36从进料斗(feed hopper)34接收初始加重剂33，和/或浸渍罐28也从加重剂回收子系统74(下述)接收被循环的加重剂38。混合器30,在浸渍罐28中将生物絮体与初始的加重剂33和/或被循环的加重剂38混合以将加重剂浸渍到生物絮体中从而形成已加重的生物絮体25。在一个实施例中，混合器30利用了足以将加重剂浸渍到生物絮体中以形成已加重的生物絮体的混合能量。图3示出了被浸渍到生物絮体23中以形成已加重的生物絮体25的加重剂33、38的一个实施例的显微图。该已加重的生物絮体然后通过线路37和/或被连接到线路16的线路37’被送回到厌氧处理反应器12以形成已加重的厌氧污泥层19，如图2A。
在操作中，流入的废水14经过线路16被引入到厌氧处理反应器12的底部15，并且向上流动穿过已加重的厌氧污泥层19使得废水与微生物接触，该微生物消耗其中的废物以提供已处理的流出物50，该已处理的流出物50从挡流坝27流过。在一个设计中，厌氧处理反应器12，如图2B，可以包括已处理的流出物50流过的挡流坝60和62。厌氧处理反应器12也可以包括一个或多个偶联到线路70的气体收集器64、66和68，该气体收集器64、66和68去除经本文所述的系统10的厌氧过程所产生的甲烷、二氧化碳和其他气体。已处理的流出物50可以通过线路41再循环至线路16以保持在厌氧处理反应器12中向上流动的恒定速度，如箭头17所示。再循环已处理的流出物50也可以用于调整线路16中的流入水的流速。
增加已加重的厌氧污泥层18的密度，如图1，以形成已加重的厌氧污泥层19，如图2A，产生流入废水14和已加重的厌氧污泥层19之间的比重的显著差别。结果是系统10可以适应流入废水的更高的注入速率(loadingrates)(流速/反应器尺寸)，同时防止已加重的污泥层19散开。因此，系统10比传统的厌氧处理反应器系统更有效率和效力。在已加重的厌氧污泥层19中的已加重的生物絮体也可以通过减少其中的悬浮固体和相关污染物改善已处理流出物的质量。
在一个实施方式中，加重剂可以是磁铁矿，或本领域技术人员所熟知的增加生物絮体的密度的任意相似类型的加重剂或可磁性分离的无机物质。在一个实施例中，大部分加重剂颗粒的尺寸可以小于约100μm。在其他实施例中，大部分加重剂颗粒的尺寸可以小于约40μm，或大部分加重剂的粒径可以小于约20μm。
优选地，加重剂回收子系统74包括分离器78，该分离器78从线路76中的过量的已加重的生物絮体回收加重剂并且将加重剂再引入(循环)到加重剂浸渍子系统26。加重剂回收子系统74可以包括回收子系统83，例如湿式圆筒磁选分离器或相似类型的装置，该回收子系统83回收经分离器78处理过的过量的已加重的生物絮体。回收子系统83将已回收的加重剂38再引入加重剂浸渍子系统26。
优选地，系统10也包括排放线路76中的过量的污泥以控制在厌氧处理反应器12中的微生物群体的排放子系统85，该过量的污泥是通过加重剂回收子系统74经线路87产生。在一个实施例中，系统10的容量可以通过排放子系统85减少被排放污泥的量从而增加已加重的厌氧污泥层19中微生物的浓度来增加。
系统10，图1，也可以利用加重剂浸渍子系统26’，如图4，其中类似的部分标注类似的标号。在该实施例中，加重剂浸渍子系统26’包括带有喷嘴(nozzle)31和漏斗(funnel)45的文氏混合器/喷射器27，文氏混合器/喷射器27接收初始加重剂33，例如经线路36从罐34接收初始加重剂33，和/或接收来自分离器78的已循环加重剂38。优选地，文氏混合器/喷射器27从厌氧污泥层18接收污泥，如图1，和/或通过线路32从厌氧污泥层19接收污泥，如图2A。
在操作中，线路32中的污泥的速度通过喷嘴31得到提高。初始加重剂33和/或已循环加重剂38被分配到漏斗45，然后经线路39进入喷嘴31并且向下游方向流向线路37和/或37’，如图1和2A中所示。线路37、37’的加宽，如图4，在41的位置示出，其引发精细混合(intimate mixing)和夹带(entrainment)，如在43的位置所示。这样将初始的和/或回收的加重剂浸渍到生物絮体中以形成已加重的生物絮体。然后，已加重的生物絮体经过线路37和/或线路37’被返回到厌氧处理反应器12，如图1和2A，以形成已加重的厌氧污泥层19，如图2A。
在一个设计中，上述的分离器子系统78可以被配置成如同剪切磨机112一样，如图5A，该剪切磨机112剪切线路76中的污泥以从已加重的生物絮体分离加重剂。剪切磨机112，理想上来说，包括转子80和定子82。在操作中，在线路76中的过量的污泥进入剪切磨机112并且沿箭头180的方向流动，进入转子80，然后再进入定子82。剪切磨机112被设计成这样，以使得转子80，如图5，和定子82之间有一个精密公差，如在93的位置所示。优选，转子80在诸如高于约1000r.p.m.的高转动速度下被驱动以在剪切磨机112的181区域，如图5A，形成加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体(obliterated flocs)的混合物。加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物通过线路79离开剪切磨机112，如箭头184所示。图5C进一步详细示出了剪切磨机112的一个实施方式的结构。优选地，转子80，图5A-5C，和/或定子82带有缝，这些缝用作离心泵(centrifugal pump)以汲取转子80和定子82上下方的过量的污泥，如图5A路径182所示，然后以非常高的速度将该材料用力丢掷脱离缝的端部(slot tips)以将已加重的生物絮体分解形成加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物。例如，转子80，图5B，可以包括缝186，并且定子82可以包括缝188。优选地，最优化转子80中的缝186和/或定子82中的缝188以提高剪切力来将加重剂从已加重的生物絮体有效地分离。转子80和定子82所形成的剪切力取决于缝186和188的宽度、转子80与定子82的公差和转子端部的转速。结果是剪切磨机112提供了剪切效应，该剪切效应有效力地且有效率地从已加重的生物絮体分离加重剂以促进加重剂的回收。
在另一个设计中，如图6，类似的部分标注类似的标号，分离器子系统78可以被配置成超声分离器116。超声分离器116通常包括一个或多个超声传感器，例如购自德国斯图加特的Hielscher Ultrasonics GmbH公司的超声传感器262、264、266、268和/或270，超声分离器116造成线路76中的过量污泥中的压力和空穴(cavitation)的波动(fluctuations)。这导致了微湍流，微湍流产生一种剪切效应来形成加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物以有效地从过量的污泥中的已加重的生物絮体分离加重剂。所形成的加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物经线路79离开超声分离器116。
在又一个设计中，如图7，类似的部分标注类似的标号，分离器子系统78可以被配置成离心分离器118。离心分离器118通常包括位于水力旋流器(hydrocyclone)300的顶部的柱形部分302和位于柱形部分302下方的锥形底座304。线路76中过量的污泥沿着口(port)303以切线方向(tangentially)被注入到柱形部分302。更小的出口306(下溢或排出的口)位于锥形部分304的底部并且更大的出口308(上溢或接收的口)位于柱形部分302的顶部。
在操作中，沿着口303以切线方向注入污泥所产生的离心力导致将要从过量的污泥中的生物絮体分离的加重剂变得更稠。经分离的加重剂沿着锥形部分304的壁308被排出并且从口306离开。这样能有效地从加重的生物絮体分离加重剂。已回收的加重剂38经口306离开，并且可以被存放到加重剂浸渍子系统26，26’，如图1和4。较稀的生物絮体保留在污泥中并且通过管310经口308离开，管310略微延伸到离心分离器118的中心体。
尽管如上述的，分离器子系统78可以被配置成剪切磨机、超声分离器或离心分离器，但并不是本发明的必要限制。在其他设计中，分离器子系统78可以被配置成管式碗状分离器(tubular bowl separator)、腔式碗状分离器(chamber bowl separator)、无孔篮状分离器(imperforate basket separator)、叠盘式分离器(disk stack separator)以及诸如此类的，这些都是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
在上述的实施例中，分离器78，如图5A-5C，被配置成剪切磨机112以形成加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物，湿式圆筒磁选分离器或离心分离器118，图7，可以用于从那里回收加重剂。
在该实施例中，分离器子系统78，如图6，被配置成超声分离器116以形成加重剂和被除去了加重剂的絮体的混合物，湿式圆筒磁选分离器或离心分离器118，图7，可以用于从那里回收加重剂。
回收和循环利用加重剂的结果，如上述，参考图5A-7，显著降低了废水处理系统10的操作成本。
虽然本发明的特定特征在一些附图中示出了，而在另一些附图中没有示出，是出于方便的目的，仅当每一个特征可以与根据本发明的任意或所有的其他特征组合时。本文中所用词汇：“包括”(including)、“包含”(comprising)、“具有”(having)和“带有”(with)应当被广义地、完全地解释，并且不限于任意物理上相互联系。此外，本申请文件所公开的任意实施方式不作为唯一的可能的实施方式。其他本领域技术人员所能想到的实施方式都在权利要求保护范围内。
另外，该专利的专利申请的诉讼程序过程所提出的任何修改，都不是对所递交的申请中所提出的任意权利要求技术方案的放弃：那些本领域技术人员不能合理地推测以撰写出字面上涵盖所有可能的等同实施方式的权利要求。许多等同实施方式在修改时将是不可预见的，并且超出了将要放弃的内容(如有)的公平合理的解释说明，修改的理论依据可能支持不超出与许多等同实施方式间接相关的方式，和/或有许多其他原因不能指望申请人为所修改的任意一个权利要求技术方案叙述特定的无实体的替代方式(certaininsubstantial substitutes)。

Claims (29)

1.用于处理废水的压载厌氧系统，其包括：
至少一个厌氧处理反应器；
加重剂浸渍子系统，其被配置成混合加重剂和生物絮体来形成已加重的生物絮体以在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中产生已加重的厌氧污泥层；和
加重剂回收子系统，其被配置成从过量的污泥回收加重剂并且将该加重剂再引入到所述的加重剂浸渍子系统。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述已加重的厌氧污泥层被配置成处理废水并提供已处理的流出物。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述加重剂浸渍子系统包括浸渍罐和至少一个混合器。
4.如权利要求3所述的系统，其中，所述加重剂浸渍子系统包括用于贮存初始加重剂并将初始加重剂分配到浸渍罐中的贮存子系统。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述加重剂浸渍子系统包括文氏混合器/喷射器。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述加重剂回收子系统包括用于将加重剂从所述生物絮体分离的分离器子系统。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括剪切磨机。
8.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括离心分离器。
9.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括超声分离器。
10.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括剪切磨机和湿式圆筒磁选分离器。
11.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括剪切磨机和离心分离器。
12.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括超声分离器和湿式圆筒磁选分离器。
13.如权利要求6所述的系统，其中，所述分离器子系统包括超声分离器和离心分离器。
14.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中，所述剪切磨机包括转子和定子，其中转子和/或定子包括具有可以最优化加重剂从已加重的生物絮体分离的尺寸的缝。
15.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，大部分加重剂的粒径小于约100μm。
16.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，大部分加重剂的粒径小于约40μm。
17.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，大部分加重剂的粒径小于约20μm。
18.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，所述加重剂包含磁铁矿。
19.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中，所述已加重的生物絮体通过减少其中悬浮固体和相关污染物来提高已处理的流出物的质量。
20.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中，该系统进一步包括用于排放过量的污泥以控制微生物群体的排放子系统。
21.如权利要求18所述的系统，其中，通过排放子系统减少被排放污泥的量，从而增加厌氧处理反应器中的微生物固体的浓度来增加该系统的容量。
22.用于处理废水的压载厌氧方法，该方法包括：
a)在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中接收流入的废水；
b)在至少一个厌氧处理反应器中形成生物絮体；
c)将加重剂浸渍到生物絮体中以形成已加重的生物絮体来生产已加重的厌氧污泥层；和
d)从已加重的生物絮体中回收加重剂以将该加重剂再引入到步骤c)。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括引废水流过已加重的厌氧污泥层以提供已处理流出物的步骤。
24.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括从已加重的生物絮体分离加重剂的步骤。
25.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括收集加重剂并且将加重剂循环到步骤c)的步骤。
26.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约100μm。
27.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约40μm。
28.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括提供加重剂的步骤，其中大部分的加重剂的粒径小于约20μm。
29.如权利要求22所述的方法，其中，该方法进一步包括通过减少其中的悬浮固体和相关污染物来提高已处理的流出物的质量的步骤。
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