CN102803350B - 用于医疗应用的磷酸胆碱基两亲性硅酮 - Google Patents
用于医疗应用的磷酸胆碱基两亲性硅酮 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102803350B CN102803350B CN201080026787.9A CN201080026787A CN102803350B CN 102803350 B CN102803350 B CN 102803350B CN 201080026787 A CN201080026787 A CN 201080026787A CN 102803350 B CN102803350 B CN 102803350B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G77/382—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon
- C08G77/395—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon containing phosphorus
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及在生物医疗设备中用作局部使用和内部使用的组分的两亲性的含仿生磷酸胆碱的硅酮化合物。包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的所述硅酮化合物可以是可聚合的或不可聚合的。应用的具体例子包括在眼科镜片、眼科镜片护理液、液体绷带、伤口敷料以及润滑和抗血栓的涂层中用作活性官能组分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有两性离子型组分的两亲性组合物及其制备。更具体地,本发明提供了含仿生磷酸胆碱的硅酮(silicone),其在生物医疗设备中用作局部使用和内部使用的组分。包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的本发明硅酮化合物可以是可聚合的或不可聚合的。应用的具体例子包括:在眼科镜片、眼科镜片护理液、液体绷带、伤口敷料以及润滑和抗血栓的涂层中用作活性官能组分。
背景技术
硅酮水凝胶(silicone hydrogel)是目前广泛用于眼科镜片的材料。商业市场中有多个可用的品牌。虽然患者的舒适性已推动了这些眼科镜片的商业应用,但是这些眼科镜片的使用形式仍取决于物理性能(包括镜片的氧传递和润滑性)以及配戴期间不期望的蛋白质和脂类在镜片上沉积的量。在硅酮水凝胶隐形眼镜中,与镜片舒适性有关的氧传递性可以通过使用设计好的硅酮和/或全氟化合物而成功得到,同时可润湿性和/或润滑性可以通过不同的表面改性方法或通过在水凝胶组合物中引入亲水性组分而实现。如今存在多种技术能提供具有光学透明度和期望的润滑性以及可控的模量和高透氧性的最终的硅酮水凝胶镜片。
配戴期间,来自眼睛泪液的无用组分在镜片材料上的吸附是降低患者舒适性的主要因素之一。此外,如果镜片使用之后没有随即进行镜片护理,可能发生细菌感染。不良吸附的程度将决定具体眼科镜片所需的镜片护理并且影响镜片可以在眼睛中使用而不产生模糊或不适感的持续时间。
可聚合的抗菌型硅酮水凝胶化合物广泛用在隐形眼镜配方中,从而支持具有降低的与镜片有关的感染并且适合连续配戴的新一代商业化眼科镜片。眼科镜片中这些化合物所表现出的固有的抗微生物活性将使患者降低与眼科镜片护理有关的眼睛感染的发生。从可聚合的硅酮季铵盐活性剂到金属盐在镜片配方中的使用的例子在下列文献中都已报道:例如US2007/0142583A1(Schorzman等)、US 2008/0182956A1(Stanbro等)、US2008/0102122A1(Mahadevan等)。
支持长期配戴的另一个重要特征是:引入显示出抵抗不良蛋白质和脂类在镜片上沉积的化合物。两性离子型组分(例如磺基甜菜碱和羧基甜菜碱衍生物)已被引入聚合物骨架从而产生能抵抗蛋白质吸附且具有超低污染表面的涂层。参见US 2008/011861A1(Shaoiyi等)。
已知仿生的磷酸胆碱(PC)基聚合物能显示超强的防污性。磷酸胆碱基非硅水凝胶镜片是可商购的并且配戴之后显示出最小程度的蛋白质和脂类污损(spoliation)。参见WO 92/07885A1(Bowers等)和Young等,“Sixmonth clinical evaluation of a biomimetic hydrogel contact lens,”The CLAOJournal,23(4):226-36(1997)。还报导了通过空气等离子体表面改性连接了2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基磷酸胆碱(MPC)的硅酮人工晶状体(IOL),此外还抑制了细菌粘附和繁殖,改善了IOL的亲水性。Huang等,“Surfacemodification of silicone intraocular lens by 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine binding to reduce Staphylococcus epidermidis adherence,”Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology,35:462-467(2007)。在另一项研究中,已发现:与生物医疗设备的相关感染有联系且经常被分离出的所有四种人体病原微生物(即:金黄色葡糖球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、变异链球菌(Streptococcus mutans)、绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans))结合经MPC涂布的表面的倾向比结合未经MPC涂布的表面的倾向低。这归因于MPC涂布表面的“超亲水性”。Hirota等,“Coating of a surface with 2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine(MPC)co-polymer significantly reduces retention of humanpathogenic microorganisms,”FEMS Microbiology Letters,248:37-45(2005)。
磷酸胆碱片段引入可聚合的硅酮化合物之后使其兼有下列有利的性能:硅酮的高透氧性和由生物稳定性的磷酸胆碱(PC)表现出的较低蛋白质粘附性、亲水性和抗菌性。除了降低蛋白质吸附,已报导聚合物体系中磷酸胆碱(PC)的引入还提供了适用于医疗设备的抗血栓表面(具有降低的血小板附着和活化)。Ishihara等,“Antithrombogenic polymer alloy composedof 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer and segmentedpolyurethane,”Journal of Biomaterials Science:Polymer Edition,11(11):1183-1195(2000).Yoneyama等,“The vascular prosthesis without pseudointimaprepared by antithrombogenic phospholipid polymer,”Biomaterials,3:1455-1459(2002)。
已报导了:2-甲基丙烯酰磷酸胆碱(MPC)与甲基丙烯酸正丁酯的共聚物在隐形眼镜本体和包装溶液中的用途。镜片可以在长时间内从隐形眼镜中释放亲水性聚合物并且显示出降低的表面摩擦力。参见US2009/0182067A1(Liu)。已报导了:经磷酸胆碱涂布的硅酮水凝胶镜片表现出非常容易润湿的界面,这由前进接触角和后退接触角之间的最小的滞后(hysterisis)来表明。未经涂布的硅酮水凝胶显示出相对较低的蛋白质吸附,经PC涂布的镜片增强了该效果,产生非常低的蛋白质污染表面。Willis等,“A novel phosphorylcholine-coated contact lens for extended wearuse,”Biomaterials,22:3261-3272(2001)。
通过2-甲基丙烯酰磷酸胆碱(MPC)与双(三甲基硅氧基)甲基硅烷基甘油甲基丙烯酸酯的无规共聚和在互穿网络(IPN)中制备的硅酮水凝胶显示出亲水性以及普通硅酮水凝胶中不常见的抗蛋白质吸附性。特别是在IPN基硅酮水凝胶的情况下,实现超亲水性界面。Shimizu等,“Super-hydrophilic silicone hydrogels with interpenetrating poly(2-methacryloxyethylphosphorylcholine)networks,”Biomaterials,31:3274-3280(2010)。
几乎所有报导的有关磷酸胆碱在眼科领域的应用的化学方面都集中在MPC的使用或该单体与其它组分的共聚。需要解决MPC相关聚合物在硅酮水凝胶主体结构中的相分离从而提供具有期望功能性的光学透明级镜片。因此,对设计具有内置(in-built)的磷酸胆碱片段的硅酮单体和低聚物很感兴趣。这些化合物本身的亲水性使它们成为标准镜片配方中硅酮和/或氟化的疏水物与亲水性组分之间有效的增容剂。这种杂化物在硅酮水凝胶配方中的使用能够使所形成的隐形眼镜与传统的硅酮水凝胶镜片相比具有更高的透氧性和超高的可润湿性以及降低的镜片沉积。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种新颖的可聚合和不可聚合的含有仿生磷酸胆碱(PC)基的硅酮化合物,其用在需要高透氧性和抗生物膜形成表面的医疗设备领域。发现本发明公开的带有磷酸胆碱的可聚合化合物可用作隐形眼镜配方中的单体或交联剂。含PC基的不可聚合化合物可以用于隐形眼镜的处理,从而允许含PC的化合物缓慢释放用于减少蛋白质和脂类沉积并且增强镜片的可润湿性和/或润滑性。此外,不可聚合的含PC基的硅酮化合物可以用作镜片包装溶液和镜片护理液的配方组分。
一方面,本发明涉及磷酸胆碱基的两亲性硅酮,其包含连接到相等数量的季胺基团上的一个或更多个磷酸酯侧基。这些硅酮是两性的,在相同的侧基上既有正电荷又有负电荷;并且是两亲性的,因为其中既有亲水性基团又有亲脂性基团。
本发明提供了具有两性离子型磷酸胆碱基和一个或更多个乙烯基的可聚合的硅酮。在该实施方式中,硅酮化合物可以包含重均分子量为500-50000Daltons(道尔顿)的硅酮片段(moiety)。两性离子型磷酸胆碱片段可以包含磷酸阴离子和铵阳离子。乙烯基端基可以与羰基相邻。
本发明还提供了包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的不可聚合的硅酮化合物。在该实施方式中,硅酮化合物可以包含重均分子量为1000-1500000Daltons的硅酮片段,而两性离子型磷酸胆碱端基可以包含磷酸阴离子和铵阳离子。
本发明为由本发明的化合物制成的水凝胶组合物提供了多个优点,包括高透氧性、降低的蛋白质吸附和润滑的表面。此外,发现根据本发明的带有磷酸胆碱基的不可聚合的变体可用于隐形眼镜包装溶液和镜片护理液,能降低蛋白质和脂类吸附并且增强镜片的可润湿性和/或润滑性。
发明详述
本发明提供了包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱端基的不可聚合的硅酮化合物。本发明的不可聚合的硅酮化合物包含重均分子量为1000-1500000Daltons的硅酮片段。本发明还提供了在其分子中包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱端基和至少一个乙烯基端基的可聚合的硅酮。乙烯基端基和两性离子型端基可以存在于硅酮的不同端基中,或者它们可以存在于相同的端基片段中。本发明的可聚合的硅酮包含重均分子量为500-50000Daltons的硅酮片段。可聚合的硅酮化合物中乙烯基与羰基相邻。在本发明的可聚合和不可聚合的硅酮化合物中,两性离子型磷酸胆碱端基都包含磷酸阴离子和铵阳离子。两性离子型磷酸胆碱片段(和乙烯基片段)在本发明提供的硅酮分子末端的存在促进了它们在本文下面所述用途中的可用性。本文中的术语“端基”表示在分子的末端或足以接近分子的末端从而促进官能团在由所述分子制成的制品表面的定位。在两性离子型磷酸胆碱片段的情况下,用途包括受生物影响的应用;在乙烯基的情况下,用途包括聚合。
本发明的可聚合和不可聚合的硅酮化合物中的硅酮片段可以是平均组成式为R2 aR3 bSiO(4-a-b)/2的硅酮片段,其中R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环族和芳香族基团,下标a和b是满足下列条件的正数:0<a<3,0<b<3并且1<a+b<3。
合适的硅酮片段可以通过硅酮(包括下式的硅酮)引入本发明的可聚合和不可聚合的化合物中:
R13YR11Si(R14R15)O[Si(R16R17)O]r[Si(R27R28)O]tSi(R29R30)R12
其中:
R14,R15,R16,R17,R27,R28,R29和R30各自独立地为C1-8烷基、C1-4烷基取代的苯基、C1-4烷氧基取代的苯基、氟(C1-18烷基)、氰基(C1-12烷基)、羟基-C1-6烷基、氨基-C1-6烷基;
Y表示-COO-、-CONR18-、-OCOO-或-OCONR18-,其中每一个R18都独立地为H或C1-7烷基;
R11表示二价的C1-25亚烷基或C6-30芳基亚烷基,其可以被-O-、-COO-、-CONR18-、-OCOO-或-OCONR18-打断插入并且可以包含羟基、伯胺基、仲胺基或叔胺基、羧基或羧酸;
R12为单价的C1-25烷基或C6-30芳基,其可以被O-、-COO-、-CONR14-、-OCOO-或-OCONR14-打断插入并且可以包含羟基、伯胺基、仲胺基或叔胺基或羧基;
R13是单价的C1-25烷基或C6-30芳基,其可以包含至少一个羟基、伯胺基或仲胺基、羧基或烯属不饱和位点;并且
r和t每一个都独立地为至多700的整数,且(r+t)为5到700。这种单体或大分子单体包括例如3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基-封端-丁基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷和(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)丙基-封端-丁基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷。适合的单官能的聚硅氧烷商购自例如Aldrich ChemicalCompany和GELEST of Morrisville(宾夕法尼亚州)。
可用于提供本发明化合物中的硅酮片段的含硅氧烷的单体的具体例子包括但不限于:羟基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷、羧基丙基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷、羧基癸基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷、氨基丙基-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷、羟烷基-封端-聚(亚丙基氧)聚二甲基硅氧烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基五甲基二硅氧烷、双(甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基)四甲基-二硅氧烷、N-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基丙基]丙烯酰胺、N-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基丙基]甲基丙烯酰胺、三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、羟基亚乙基氧丙基甲基硅氧烷-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基丙基)-甲基硅氧烷、N-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基丙基]甲基丙烯酰胺、N-[三(三甲基硅氧基)-硅烷基丙基]丙烯酰胺、(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)丙基双(三甲基硅氧基)甲基硅烷、(3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)丙基双(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基-2-(2-羟基乙氧基)丙氧基)丙基双(三甲基硅氧基)甲基硅烷、N-2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基-O-(甲基-双-三甲基硅氧基-3-丙基)硅烷基氨基甲酸酯、1,3-双[4-乙烯氧基羰基氧)丁-1-基]四甲基-二硅氧烷、3-(三甲基硅烷基)-丙基乙烯基碳酸酯、3-(乙烯氧基羰基硫代)丙基-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷]、3-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基]丙基乙烯基氨基甲酸酯、3-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基]丙基烯丙基氨基甲酸酯、3-[三(三甲基硅氧基)硅烷基]丙基乙烯基碳酸酯、叔丁基二甲基硅氧基乙基乙烯基碳酸酯、三甲基硅烷基乙基乙烯基碳酸酯、三甲基硅烷基甲基乙烯基碳酸酯、氢化物-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷和硅烷醇-封端-聚二甲基硅氧烷。
本发明的可聚合化合物可以具有式(I)的结构式:
其中:R1为具有至多20个碳原子的芳基或线性、支化或环状的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基或苯基;R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基,优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元,优选地为1-15个单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团,优选地为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基,优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;并且X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基。
其中一个具体的例子包括化合物1:
本发明的可聚合化合物可以具有式(II)的结构式:
其中:R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基,优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元,优选地为1-15个单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团,优选地为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基,优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;并且X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基。
其中具体的例子包括化合物2和4:
本发明的可聚合化合物可以具有式(III)的结构式:
其中:R1是具有至多10个碳原子的线性或支化的低分子量或低聚物结构的亚烷基或聚醚连接基团;R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;R8为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;并且X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基。
其中具体的例子包括化合物3:
本发明的可聚合化合物可以具有式(IV)的结构式:
其中:R1是具有至多10个碳原子的线性或支化的低分子量或低聚物结构的亚烷基或聚醚连接基团;R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;R8为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;并且X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基。
其中具体的例子包括化合物5:
本发明还涉及通过任意一个上述单体的聚合或通过含有任意一个上述单体的配方(即配制组合物)的聚合而形成的聚合物。所述聚合可以通过自由基聚合引发剂在热、紫外光、可见光或其他辐射源的存在下来引发。聚合引发剂可以选自由下列物质组成的组:乙缩醛过氧化物、月桂酰过氧化物、癸酰过氧化物、硬脂酰过氧化物、苯甲酰过氧化物、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯和过氧化二碳酸酯。
本发明的不可聚合化合物可以具有式(V)的结构式:
其中:R1为具有至多20个碳原子的芳基或者线性、支化或环状的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为烷基或单环芳烃基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基或苯基;R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基和芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;n为1-20000个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元,优选地为1-700个单元,更优选地为1-15个单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基连接基团或聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团,优选地为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基或芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;并且R7为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为烷基,更优选地为C1-6烷基。
所述化合物的具体例子为:
本发明的不可聚合化合物可以具有式(VI)的结构式:
其中:R1为具有至多20个碳原子的芳基或者线性、支化或环状的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为烷基或单环芳烃基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基或苯基;R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基和芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;n为1-20000个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元,优选地为1-700个单元,更优选地为1-15个单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基连接基团或聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团,优选地为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基或芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;并且R7为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为烷基,更优选地为C1-6烷基。
本发明的不可聚合化合物可以具有式(VII)或(VIII)的结构式:
其中:R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基和芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;n为1-20000个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元,优选地为1-700个单元,更优选地为1-15个单元;R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基连接基团或聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团,优选地为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基,优选地为烷基、烷氧基或芳基,更优选地为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;并且R7为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基,优选地为烷基,更优选地为C1-6烷基。
本发明包括一种具有防污表面的眼科镜片,其包含由含有上述本发明的单体化合物的配方制成的聚合物、或由所述单体制成的聚合物、和/或上述本发明的不可聚合化合物。为了制备这种眼科镜片,包含本发明的可聚合硅酮化合物、着色剂、反应性稀释剂、增韧剂、UV-吸收剂、自由基聚合引发剂和增容溶剂的单体混合物可以通过自由基聚合固化为浇铸成形体(cast shape)。或者,包含不同于上述那些的可聚合硅酮化合物、本发明的不可聚合的两性离子型硅酮化合物、着色剂、增韧剂、UV-吸收剂、自由基聚合引发剂和反应性稀释剂的单体混合物可以通过自由基聚合固化为浇铸成形体。
本发明还涉及眼科镜片护理液和眼科镜片包装溶液,二者都含有本发明的不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的硅酮化合物。
本发明还涉及一种透气性伤口敷料,其包含由本文所述的单体化合物制成的聚合物、由这种单体物制成的如本文所述的聚合物、和/或如本文所述的不可聚合的两性离子型硅酮化合。
本发明的另一个实施方式是一种具有无血栓形成的表面的医疗设备(例如冠状动脉支架或血管支架),其中所述表面包含由本文所公开的含有两性离子型磷酸胆碱基和至少一个乙烯基端基的可聚合的硅酮化合物制成的聚合物。
发明的实施例
根据本发明具有一个或更多个两性离子型磷酸胆碱片段的可聚合化合物的示例性具体例子包括下列:
尽管上面的化合物4显示出氟化的聚环氧乙烷嵌段,但是由于氧在含氟材料中的溶解度很高,所以氟原子的引入显著增大了透氧性(Dk),氟化的聚醚嵌段不能只限定为氟化的聚环氧乙烷,还可以包含其他氟化的聚醚。
根据本发明具有一个或更多个两性离子型磷酸胆碱片段的不可聚合化合物的示例性具体例子包括下列:
本发明的这些和其他化合物可以由可商购的硅酮和其他组分通过使用本领域通常已知的方法来合成。例如,脂族羟基封端的硅酮可以与2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷在碱性材料的存在下反应,从而使氢原子从羟基分裂并且使氯原子从2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷基分裂,形成其中2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷片段通过脂族连接基团连接到硅酮片段的中间体。随后该中间体与脂族胺反应。例如为了制备式1和2的化合物,脂族胺为甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯,得到的反应产物将含有连接到所形成的两性离子型化合物的铵基部分的乙烯基(来自甲基丙烯酸酯)。参见下面的合成实施例1。为了制备式3的化合物,将使用正丁基二甲胺,而乙烯基将在另一步中连接到远离两性离子型片段的分子部分。为了制备根据本发明的含有两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的不可聚合的硅酮化合物,不能将乙烯基引入分子中,如合成实施例2和3所示。上述方法提供了其中磷酸胆碱阴离子与铵阳离子相比更接近硅酮片段的含有两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的硅酮化合物。如式5的化合物所说明,本发明还提供了其中铵阳离子与磷酸胆碱阴离子相比更接近硅酮片段的含有两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的硅酮化合物。本发明化合物的这些变体可以通过明智选择合适的反应物和反应步骤的顺序来制备。即,首先将胺连到硅酮片段上,随后使所形成的中间体与烷基取代的2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷化合物反应。
单官能和双官能的反应性单体和大分子单体可以用本领域普通技术人员已知的合适的催化剂或引发剂(可以存在或不存在热或辐射源来诱导)通过自由基、离子、有机金属或基团转移机理来聚合。
示例性的合成实施例如下所示:
合成的实施例
合成实施例1.含有两种可聚合的磷酸胆碱片段的可聚合硅酮化合物的合成。该化合物是如上面的化合物2所示的类型。
步骤1:
将38.15g甲醇封端的PDMS(得自GELEST的DMS-C16)、7.92g三乙胺和100mL无水THF加入250mL的四口圆底烧瓶中。混合物被冷却至低于-20℃。随后将溶于50mL无水THF中的10.96g 2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷(COP)的溶液滴加到烧瓶中,同时保持混合物温度低于-20℃。反应在低于-20℃的温度下连续进行3小时,然后缓慢升温至室温。过滤掉副产物盐,在减压下除去溶剂从而得到双-氧代-二氧磷杂环戊烷硅酮中间体。
步骤2:
将来自步骤1的20g双-氧代-二氧磷杂环戊烷硅酮中间体的混合物与2.60g无水甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯和40ml无水乙腈在装有冷凝器和N2喷射口的双口圆底烧瓶中混合。反应混合物在密封的容器内加热24小时。反应之后,通过旋转蒸发除去乙腈,并且用环己烷重复洗涤粗制产物。除去环己烷之后得到可聚合的双官能的含PC的硅酮。化合物的结构纯度通过光谱法得以确认。
合成实施例2.含有磷酸胆碱片段的不可聚合硅酮组合物的合成。
步骤1:羟丙基-nBuPDMS(HPnBuPDMS)的合成
将35.10g烯丙醇和65g无水己烷加入装有磁力搅拌棒、热电偶温度计和水冷凝器以及加液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中。将0.16g铂(0)-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(Karstedt催化剂)在二甲苯中的配合物(~2wt%Pt)加入到反应介质中。混合物被搅拌从而得到均匀的溶液。在60℃下将123.60g商购自GELEST的正丁基聚二甲基硅氧烷氢化物在45分钟的时间内滴加到烯丙醇溶液中。反应混合物被放置一整夜(~18h),之后用二亚乙基乙二胺猝灭。用2∶1甲醇∶水(v/v)混合物来提纯在己烷中的粗制反应混合物。通过无水硫酸钠干燥残余液,并在35℃和减压下通过旋转蒸发除去己烷,从而得到为无色油的产物。产物(HPnBuPDMS)的结构纯度通过1HNMR得以确认。
步骤2:mPDMSOP的合成
将111.44g HPnBuPDMS(来自步骤1)、14.91g三乙胺和50ml无水四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂加入装有磁力搅拌棒、氮气入口和出口以及加液漏斗的500ml三口圆底烧瓶中。反应混合物在N2的保护下被冷却至-20℃,溶于75g无水THF的15g 2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷(COP)通过加液漏斗滴加。COP溶液的加入完成之后,反应混合物在-10℃下搅拌6小时。过滤浑浊的反应混合物,除去三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,并且使滤液在真空下蒸发从而得到氧代-二氧磷杂环戊烷硅酮中间体mPDMSOP。
步骤3:mPDMSPC的合成
将20g mPDMSOP(来自步骤2)和2.05g正丁基二甲胺溶于无水乙腈中,在氮气氛和65℃下反应24小时。反应之后,通过旋转蒸发除去乙腈,并且用环己烷重复洗涤粗制产物。所得到的产物在真空下干燥,从而得到PC取代的硅酮(mPDMSPC)。产物的结构纯度通过光谱法得以确认。
合成实施例3.含有磷酸胆碱片段和醚基的不可聚合硅酮组合物的合成
步骤1:羟基乙氧基丙基-nBuPDMS(HEPnBuPDMS)的合成
将61.28g 2-烯丙氧基乙醇和65g无水己烷加入装有磁力搅拌棒、热电偶温度计和水冷凝器以及加液漏斗的500ml圆底烧瓶中。将0.16g铂(0)-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(Karstedt催化剂)在二甲苯中的配合物(~2wt%Pt)加入到反应介质中。混合物被搅拌从而得到均匀的溶液。在60℃下将123.60g商购自GELEST的正丁基聚二甲基硅氧烷氢化物(nBuPDMSH)在45分钟的时间内滴加到2-烯丙氧基乙醇溶液中。反应混合物被放置一整夜(~18h),之后用二亚乙基乙二胺猝灭。用2∶1甲醇∶水(v/v)混合物来提纯在己烷中的粗制反应混合物。通过无水硫酸钠干燥残余液,并在35℃和减压下通过旋转蒸发除去己烷,从而得到>90%的为无色油的产物。产物的结构纯度通过1H NMR得以确定。
步骤2:mPDMSEPOP的合成
将117g HEPnBuPDMS(来自步骤1)、14.91g三乙胺和50ml无水四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂加入装有磁力搅拌棒、氮气入口和出口以及加液漏斗的500ml三口圆底烧瓶。反应混合物在N2的保护下被冷却至-20℃,溶于75g无水THF的15g 2-氯-2-氧代-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷(COP)通过加液漏斗滴加。COP溶液的加入完成之后,反应混合物在-10℃下搅拌6小时。过滤浑浊的反应混合物,除去三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,并且使滤液在真空下蒸发从而得到氧代-二氧磷杂环戊烷硅酮中间体mPDMSEPOP。
步骤3:mPDMSPC的合成
将20g mPDMSEOP(来自步骤2)和1.96g正丁基二甲胺溶于无水乙腈中,在氮气氛和65℃下反应24小时。反应之后,通过旋转蒸发除去乙腈,并且用环己烷重复洗涤粗制产物。化合物(mPDMSOP)的结构纯度通过1H NMR得以确定。所得到的产物在真空下干燥从而产生PC取代的硅酮(mPDMSPC)。产物的结构纯度通过光谱法得以确定。
使用所述化合物
本发明提供了两种类型的化合物:包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基和至少一个乙烯基的可聚合的硅酮化合物和包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的不可聚合的硅酮化合物。包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基和至少一个乙烯基的可聚合的硅酮化合物可以用作医疗设备的可聚合组分、用作制备眼科镜片的配方用的可聚合组分。通过本发明提供的包含两性离子型磷酸胆碱基的两种类型的化合物都可用作眼科镜片配方中的组分、作为镜片后处理用的组分、作为镜片包装溶液中的组分、作为镜片护理液中的添加剂、通过等离子体或辉光放电的方法用作医疗设备表面改性的涂层,作为器官粘连屏障中的活性组分,作为液体胶粘剂配方中的活性组分,作为导尿管涂层配方中的活性组分,作为透气性伤口敷料中的活性组分,以及在医疗设备中用来赋予抗血栓性和/或防污性。本领域普通技术人员将很容易地理解本发明要求保护的新颖化合物可以所述方式应用在所述领域。但为了说明,下面给出了有关这些应用的更多详述。
眼科镜片:
本文中所述的可聚合和不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮可以用作隐形眼镜单体配方中的活性组分,从而产生蛋白质沉淀非常低和脂类沉积减少的硅酮水凝胶镜片。认为这些优点据信是由结合了本发明化合物的配方制成的镜片表面的亲水性造成的。当本文公开的可聚合单体用于镜片配方时,将表现出共价键结合的防污表面,因为在潮湿的环境下分子中的两性离子型磷酸胆碱部分与分子中的疏水性硅酮部分相比更易于迁移到表面。
根据本发明,为了镜片应用,所用的单体混合物包含与各种常见的镜片形成用的单体和化合物混合的本发明的可聚合材料。所有镜片形成用的单体一般是通过自由基聚合(通常为活化的不饱和自由基,最优选为烯键式不饱和(乙烯基)自由基)可聚合的单体。常见的镜片形成用的单体可以是通过自由基聚合可聚合的低分子量的化合物,或者可以是较高分子量的化合物(也被称为预聚物或大分子单体)。或者,初始单体混合物也可以包括附加材料,例如溶剂、着色剂、增韧剂、UV-吸收剂和隐形眼镜领域已知的其他材料。US 5,260,000(Nandu等)和US 6,020,445(Vanderlaan等)中公开了代表性溶剂。
本发明的共聚物可以很容易地通过常规的自由基聚合方法固化为浇铸成形体,其中单体混合物被暴露于光辐射(例如可见光或UV辐射)、热或二者下,从而诱导聚合。代表性自由基热聚合引发剂为有机过氧化物,例如乙缩醛过氧化物、月桂酰过氧化物、癸酰过氧化物、硬脂酰过氧化物、苯甲酰过氧化物、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、过氧化二碳酸酯等,所用的浓度为约0.01-1%(基于单体混合物的总重量)。代表性UV引发剂是本领域已知的那些,例如安息香甲基醚和安息香乙基醚。
本领域普通技术人员一般都很清楚如何制备硅酮水凝胶隐形眼镜。参见例如US 4,600,571(Lee等)、US7,268,198(Kunzler等)和US 7,540,609B2(Chen等)。基于本发明的公开,本领域普通技术人员将很容易地理解如何制备结合了本文公开的新颖的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮化合物的硅酮水凝胶隐形眼镜。
本文公开的不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮单体可以在固化步骤之后充当介质与制备过程的其他可聚合镜片组分一起支撑互穿聚合物网络(IPN)。高分子量的不可聚合的含PC的硅酮可以添加到配方中来支撑IPN结构。高分子量的不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮可用于减少制备之后和隐形眼镜的配戴期间析出物的出现。在另一个实施方式中,可聚合和不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮都可以用在隐形眼镜配方中。
本文公开的可聚合的硅酮还可以作为后处理步骤引入,从而在隐形眼镜上形成含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮表面涂层。在该过程中,用包含含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮单体的溶液来处理隐形眼镜,随后在合适的自由基引发剂的存在下通过聚合以产生所述涂层。发现不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮单体也可以在制备过程中用作镜片包装溶液,从而辅助连接了磷酸胆碱的硅酮进入隐形眼镜基质。这可以通过搅拌、超声处理或通过使用能量源(例如加热、蒸汽、热能或其他辐射源)来实现。或者,不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮的引入可以在制备过程的灭菌步骤中实现。
眼科镜片护理液:
不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮可以用作隐形眼镜护理液的增容组分,用于赋予硅酮水凝胶隐形眼镜表面可润湿性/润滑性。不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的化合物可以用于补充抗菌组分和镜片护理配方中存在的其他组分。由本发明的化合物提供的抗生物污染性和抗菌性的组合使镜片护理液在隐形眼镜的清洁和杀菌方面更高效。
透气性伤口敷料:
含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮可以类似地被引入配方中来制备透气性膜构件,用作伤口接触层或作为硬性渗出伤口的吸收性敷料。另一方面,本文公开的不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮单体可以在固化步骤之后充当介质与制备过程的可聚合伤口敷料组分一起来支撑互穿聚合物网络(IPN)。高分子量(重均分子量为50000-1500000Daltons)的不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮可用于减少制备之后和隐形眼镜的配戴期间析出物的出现。在另一个实施方式中,可聚合和不可聚合的含两性离子型磷酸胆碱的硅酮都可以添加到隐形眼镜配方中。
通过本领域普通技术人员已知的方法可以制备出具有能保留液体的小开孔的泡沫聚合物构件的片材和其他形状的材料。聚合物构件上富含磷酸胆碱的表面将充当细菌屏障,而硅酮组分允许氧气流动,从而促进伤口快速愈合。
抗血栓应用:
由本发明的可聚合硅酮化合物制成的聚合物提供了具有降低的血小板附着和活化的抗血栓的表面。因此,它们适合用于与血液接触的医疗设备(例如冠状动脉支架或血管支架)。本领域普通技术人员已知用聚合物体系来制备或涂布医疗设备。参见例如US 5,837,313(Drug Release StentCoating Process)、US 6,099,563(Substrates,Particularly Medical Devices,Provided with Bio-Active/Biocompatible Coatings)、US 6,248,127B1(Thromboresistant Coated Medical Device)和US 6,517,889B1(Process forCoating a Surface of a Stent)。下列出版物还提供了磷酸胆碱化合物用于赋予抗血栓性的一般指导。Yoneyama等,“The vascular prosthesis withoutpseudointima prepared by antithrombogenic phospholipid polymer,”Biomaterials 23:1455-1459(2002);Ishihara,et al.,“Reduced thrombogenicityof polymers having phospholipid polar groups,”J.Biomed.Mater.Res.,24:1069-1077(1990);Xu等,“Ozone-induced grafting phosphorylcholinepolymer onto silicone film to improve hemocompatibility,”Colloids andSurfaces B:Biointerfaces,30:215-223(2003)。本发明的新颖的两性离子型化合物可以通过与目前已知化合物(包括磷酸胆碱化合物)所用的那些类似的方法来制备医疗设备。
在前面的说明书中已经显示和描述了具体的示例性实施方式。但本领域普通技术人员应当理解,在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的前提下,可以实现示例性实施方式的变体。
Claims (11)
1.一种包含重均分子量为500-50000道尔顿的硅酮片段、含有磷酸阴离子和铵阳离子的两性离子型磷酸胆碱基和至少一个与羰基相邻的乙烯基端基的可聚合的硅酮化合物,其选自由下列化合物组成的组:
式(I)的化合物
其中:
R1为具有至多20个碳原子的芳基或线性、支化或环状的烷基或烷氧基;
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;
n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;
R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;并且
X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基;
式(II)的化合物
其中:
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;
n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;
R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;并且
X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基;
式(III)的化合物
其中:
R1是具有至多10个碳原子的线性或支化的低分子量或低聚物结构的亚烷基或聚醚连接基团;
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;
n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;
R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;
R8为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;并且
X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基;以及
式(IV)的化合物
其中:
R1是具有至多10个碳原子的线性或支化的低分子量或低聚物结构的亚烷基或聚醚连接基团;
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自烷基、三烷基硅氧基、取代的硅酮基、烷氧基、脂环基和芳基;
n为1-700个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个连接原子的亚烷基、聚醚、全氟聚醚、氨基甲酸酯、酯、酰胺或脲连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的烷基、烷氧基或芳基或含有3-6个碳原子的脂环基;
R7为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;
R8为含有1-22个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基;并且
X为O、NH或N-C1-6烷基。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物,其为结构1:
或结构2:
或结构4:
或结构3:
或结构5:
3.一种通过使权利要求1或2所述的化合物聚合或含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物的配方聚合而形成的聚合物,其中所述聚合是通过自由基聚合引发剂在热、紫外光、可见光或其他辐射源的存在下来引发。
4.一种具有防污表面的眼科镜片,其包含由含有权利要求1或2所述的化合物的配方制成的聚合物或权利要求3所述的聚合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的眼科镜片,其中,包含所述化合物、着色剂、反应性稀释剂、增韧剂、UV-吸收剂、自由基聚合引发剂和增容溶剂的配方通过自由基聚合固化为浇铸成形体。
6.一种透气性伤口敷料,其包含由权利要求1或2所述的化合物制成的聚合物和/或如权利要求3所述的聚合物。
7.一种具有无血栓形成的表面的医疗设备,其被成形为冠状动脉支架或血管支架,所述表面包含由权利要求1或2所述的化合物制成的聚合物。
8.如权利要求1所述的可聚合的硅酮化合物,其中所述可聚合的硅酮是式(I)的化合物,其中
R1为甲基、正丁基、甲氧基或苯基;
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;
n为1-15个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的基团,选自甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基。
9.如权利要求1所述的可聚合的硅酮化合物,其中所述可聚合的硅酮是式(II)的化合物,其中
R2和R3是相同的或不同的基团,选自甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基;
n为1-15个单元之间的多个重复硅酮单元;
R4为具有至多30个碳和/或氧连接原子的亚烷基连接基团、聚醚连接基团或全氟聚醚连接基团;
R5和R6是相同的或不同的基团,选自甲基、正丁基、甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或苯基。
10.一种通过使权利要求8或9所述的化合物聚合或含有权利要求8或9所述的化合物的配方聚合而形成的聚合物,其中所述聚合是通过自由基聚合引发剂在热、紫外光、可见光或其他辐射源的存在下来引发。
11.一种具有防污表面的眼科镜片,其包含由含有权利要求8或9所述的化合物的配方制成的聚合物或权利要求10所述的聚合物。
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US18715109P | 2009-06-15 | 2009-06-15 | |
US61/187,151 | 2009-06-15 | ||
PCT/US2010/037576 WO2010147779A2 (en) | 2009-06-15 | 2010-06-07 | Phosphorylcholine-based amphiphilic silicones for medical applications |
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CN102803350B true CN102803350B (zh) | 2015-02-18 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2010147779A3 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
US9181401B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
JP2016053165A (ja) | 2016-04-14 |
EP2443182A2 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
US20120136087A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
EP2444448A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
JP2012530052A (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102803350A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
WO2010147779A2 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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