CN102802683A - 止血海绵 - Google Patents

止血海绵 Download PDF

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CN102802683A
CN102802683A CN2010800265271A CN201080026527A CN102802683A CN 102802683 A CN102802683 A CN 102802683A CN 2010800265271 A CN2010800265271 A CN 2010800265271A CN 201080026527 A CN201080026527 A CN 201080026527A CN 102802683 A CN102802683 A CN 102802683A
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hemostasis
granular materials
collagen
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CN102802683B (zh
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J·赫芬赫夫
H·C·黑德里希
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种止血多孔状海绵,该止血多孔海绵包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒,并且提供了这些海绵的制备方法和它们用于伤口愈合的用途。

Description

止血海绵
技术领域
本发明涉及止血海绵领域,涉及所述海绵的生产方法和它们在止血中的应用。
背景技术
人们很早就知道基于人或者动物来源的凝血因子的生物胶。美国专利4,362,567、美国专利4,298,598和美国专利4,377,572已经描述了用于基于纤维蛋白原和凝血因子XIII的生产组织粘结剂的方法。这种组织粘结剂通常和含凝血酶的单独成分一起应用,凝血酶对纤维蛋白原有酶促作用以便形成纤维蛋白,对凝血因子XIII有酶促作用以便形成活性因子XIIIa,该活性因子XIIIa可与纤维蛋白交联以便得到稳定的纤维蛋白凝块。
胶原垫已经使用了很多年,以便改进伤口愈合或者终止流血。它们在止血中的作用机制是基于血小板凝集和活化,在活化的血小板表面上形成凝血酶,并且通过凝血酶在纤维蛋白原上的催化作用而形成止血纤维蛋白凝块。为了改进胶原垫或者胶原片的止血作用,建议在这种胶原垫内部包含止血因子。
在美国专利4,600,574中,描述了一种与纤维蛋白原和凝血因子XIII组合的基于胶原的组织粘结剂。此物质是以冻干的形式备用。通过用含纤维蛋白原和凝血因子XIII的溶液浸透胶原扁平材料,并且冻干所述材料,使纤维蛋白原和凝血因子XIII与胶原相结合。
WO97/37694公开一种基于胶原和均匀分布其中的凝血活化剂或者活化剂前体的止血海绵。海绵以干燥形式提供,可以是空气干燥的或者冻干的。但是,它的含水率至少是2%。
美国专利5,614,587论述了含胶原(其通过使用多官能地活化的合成亲水聚合物进行交联)的生物粘结剂组合物,以及使用这种组合物以使第一表面和第二表面之间发生粘结的方法,其中第一和第二表面中的至少一个可以是天然组织表面。
美国专利5,428,024、美国专利5,352,715和美国专利5,204,382描述了含胶原的组合物被机械破坏,以便改变它们的物理性能。这些专利通常涉及纤维状的和不溶性的胶原。美国专利4,803,075描述了可注射的胶原组合物。美国专利5,516,532描述了可注射的骨/软骨组合物。WO96/39159描述了一种基于胶原的传递基质,该传递基质包含的干燥颗粒的尺寸的范围是5μm至850μm,该颗粒可以悬浮在水中并且具有特定的表面电荷密度。美国专利5,196,185描述了一种粒径是1μm至50μm的胶原制品,用作气溶胶喷雾剂以便形成伤口敷料。描述胶原组合物的其它专利包括美国专利5,672,336和美国专利5,356,614。
发明内容
本发明的主题是一种止血多孔海绵,该止血多孔海绵包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒。人们已经发现用于伤口愈合的以前的纤维性生物材料衬垫,尤其是胶原垫,在止血减损(impaired hemostasis)的状况(比如在肝素化(heparinization)后)不能导致止血。与没有可吸收液体的颗粒材料的止血相比较,本发明在胶原基质内使用颗粒材料改进了止血。并不局限于某个理论,似乎是当使用具有高吸收液体能力的颗粒时,血液中存在的高浓度的凝血因子可以实现促进止血。难以将这种颗粒直接施用在流血的伤口上,因为颗粒易于随血液流走。将这种颗粒合并入止血海绵中,使得这种颗粒局部固定并且更进一步地改进海绵的止血作用。
另一个方面涉及一种制造止血多孔海绵的方法,该方法包括:提供纤维性生物材料的流体和可吸收液体的颗粒材料的悬浮颗粒,干燥具有悬浮颗粒的所述流体,从而获得包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒的止血多孔海绵。本发明包括通过这个方法获得的止血多孔海绵。根据本发明,术语“液体”包括溶液、悬浮液或者凝胶。
本发明还提供了一种用于制备伤口敷层(wound coverage)的试剂盒,其包含此处公开的海绵和药学上的活性物质。这个试剂盒和它的组分尤其可用于损伤治疗的医用海绵的制造。
本领域的技术人员会容易地理解,下面所公开的优选的实施方式是具体的实施方式的例子,并不是必要地限制本发明的一般构思。此外,如果不是互相排斥的情况,所有具体的实施方式可以从任何组合的所有发明方面和实施方式上理解。本领域的技术人员认为的所有等同的或者显而易见的改变或变型都包括在本发明中。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是一种具有改进的止血特性的基于纤维性生物材料的止血海绵。通过提供一种粘附至海绵且可吸收液体的颗粒材料来实现该目标。纤维性生物材料可以支撑任何止血或者凝血作用。通过本发明的颗粒材料可以加强这个作用。这些颗粒粘附在纤维性生物材料上以便提供足够强度的颗粒固定,延长保存期限和增加使用期间的耐用性,尤其是作为在机械张力可能导致不想要的颗粒分离的伤口处的敷层。本发明中的术语“粘附”指的是颗粒被分布在、嵌入在或捕获于纤维性生物材料中。颗粒可以以任何有序的或者无序的状态保持在基质材料中,优选均匀分布在其中。海绵是纤维性生物材料的多孔网状物,当施用在损伤上时能够吸收体液。此外,海绵通常是柔软的并且适合于应用在具有各种形状的各种组织和位置上。
术语“海绵”和“(衬)垫”可以在本发明中互换使用。
优选纤维性生物材料是胶原、蛋白质、生物聚合物或者多糖。
用于本发明的胶原可以来自任何适合于形成凝胶的胶原,包括来自液体、浆状、纤维性的或者粉末状的胶原材料的物质,可以被处理成多孔性的或者纤维性的基质。欧洲专利0891193描述了用于生产海绵的胶原凝胶的制备方法(将其并入本文以供参考),并且该方法可以包括酸化直至出现凝胶形成和随后的pH中和。为了提高形成凝胶能力或者溶解性,可以(部分地)水解或者修饰胶原,只要干燥时形成稳定的海绵的特性没有消减。
海绵基质的胶原或者明胶优选是动物来源,优选来源于牛或者马。然而,人的胶原也可以用于对异种蛋白质过敏的病人的情形中。海绵的其他成分优选是人的来源,使得海绵特别适合应用于人。
在一个优选的实施方式中,形成多孔网状物海绵的纤维性生物相容聚合物的基质材料构成了干燥后多孔海绵的1-50%、1-10%或者大约3%(w/w%)。
颗粒材料一般不是可溶性的,尤其水不溶性的。在水中仍保留有颗粒。但是颗粒可以是多孔状和/或吸湿性的并且可以膨胀。“可吸收液体”应被认为是在接触时留住液体的物理过程,可能、或者不能引起颗粒的膨胀。优选颗粒可以留住海绵干重的至少1倍、至少2倍、至少4倍或者至少10倍和/或直至100倍、直至20倍或者直至10倍的液体,尤其是血液。根据本发明的颗粒材料即使在压力下也可以吸收液体。为了改进稳定性和调节膨胀性,颗粒材料可以被交联。
颗粒材料可以是止血物质并且单独地或者与海绵基质结合在一起为海绵提供止血作用。通过活化受试者的止血系统,可以引发止血活性或者任何其它凝块活性。与没有处理的止血相比,止血海绵可以增加止血反应的速度。该活化是基于许多反应,但是通常包括血液或者血清蛋白的催化过程或者氧化过程。在开始之后,受试者的止血系统通常发生强烈的酶级联反应,导致凝块。基质或者颗粒材料可以启动这种催化作用或者任何其它止血活性。当然本发明的海绵也可以具有其他的反应物或者催化剂,诸如凝血活化剂或者活化剂前体,包括纤维蛋白原、凝血酶或者凝血酶前体。
在优选的实施方式中,颗粒材料是聚合物和/或生物材料,尤其是生物聚合物。为了促进损伤(尤其是在内部手术情况下去除剩余的异物可能需要另外的手术)的恢复,优选使用生物可再吸收的颗粒材料。
颗粒材料、基质或者海绵总体上可以是可生物降解的,适合于体内生物分解,或者是生物可再吸收的,即能够在体内被再吸收。完全再吸收指的是没有留下明显的细胞外片段。可生物降解的物质不同于非生物降解的物质之处在于可生物降解的物质可以被生物分解成单元,该单元可以从生物系统去除和/或被化学地合并入生物系统。在一个优选的实施方式中,特定的物质、基质或者海绵总体上可以在小于6个月、小于3个月、小于1个月、小于2个星期内被受试者(尤其是受试验的人)降解。
颗粒例如可以是明胶、明胶衍生物、化学衍生的明胶、胶原、纤维蛋白、蛋白质、多糖或者它们的任何混合物,也可以使用其它种类的有机材料。优选地,它是水不溶性的、可生物降解的并且是可生物再吸收的。天然明胶便宜并且可以大量得到,可以从许多来源中得到。明胶是胶原的水解产物。明胶和胶原的便利的动物来源包括鸡、火鸡、牛、猪、马或者人的来源。胶原也可以是人造胶原或者重组胶原。优选地,明胶被交联以便防止完全溶解。通过胶原的不完全水解或者通过使用交联试剂诸如甲醛或者二价醛进行化学交联可以实现交联。
根据本发明的颗粒优选粒径是微米范围的微粒。在优选的实施方式中,粒径(干燥状态中的平均直径)是2000μm以下。可以使用更小的颗粒,比如平均粒径小于1000μm或者小于100nm。也可以是在这些边界内的任何粒径范围,比如干燥状态中100nm-2000μm的平均直径。
在美国专利6,063,061和美国专利6,066,325(将这两个文献并入本文以供参考)描述了这种颗粒的例子。
在干燥后,海绵的含水率可以是至少0.5(w/w百分比)。在特定的实施方式中,海绵可以被冻干或者空气干燥。
优选地,海绵包含凝血活化剂或者活化剂前体,包括纤维蛋白原、凝血酶或者凝血酶前体,正如美国专利5,714,70中所公开的那些(将其并入本文以供参考)。凝血酶或者凝血酶的前体可以被认为是具有凝血酶活性的蛋白质,并且当它分别与血液接触或者应用到病人身上时,可以诱导凝血酶活性。它的活性表示为凝血酶活性(NIH单位)或者可演变成相应NIH单位的凝血酶当量活性。海绵中的活性可以是500-5000。在下面,凝血酶活性可以被认为是包含凝血酶活性或者任何当量活性这两者。具有凝血酶活性的蛋白质可以选自由α-凝血酶、中间凝血酶(meizothrombin)、凝血酶衍生物或者重组凝血酶所构成的组。合适的前体可以选自由凝血酶原、可选地连同磷脂一起的因子Xa、因子IXa、活化的凝血酶原复合物、FEIBA、内源性凝血或者外源性凝血的任何活化剂或者活化剂前体、或者它们的混合物所构成的组。
根据本发明的止血海绵可以和另外的生理物质一起使用。比如,海绵优选更进一步包含药理学有效成分,其中包括抗纤维蛋白溶解剂,诸如纤维蛋白溶酶原活化剂的抑制剂或者纤维蛋白溶酶抑制剂或者纤溶剂的灭活剂。优选的抗纤维蛋白溶解剂选自由抑蛋白酶肽或者抑蛋白酶肽衍生物、α2-巨球蛋白、蛋白质C或者活化的蛋白质C的抑止剂或者灭活剂、可结合纤维蛋白溶酶而与天然底物竞争的底物模拟物、以及可抑制溶解纤维蛋白原活性的抗体所构成的组。作为另外的药理学有效成分,抗生素诸如抗细菌的或者抗真菌的抗生素可以和本发明的海绵一起使用,优选作为均匀分布在海绵中的成分。此外,生物活性物质诸如生长因子和/或止痛药也可以存在于本发明的海绵中。这种海绵可以用于比如伤口愈合中。
此外,优选组合物具有特定的酶或者酶抑制剂,特定的酶或者酶抑制剂可以调节,即,促进或者抑制海绵的再吸收。这些物质中有胶原酶、其增强剂或者抑止剂。并且合适的防腐剂可以和海绵一起使用,或者可以被包含于海绵中。虽然一个优选的实施方式涉及含有作为唯一活性成分的凝血活化剂或者活化剂前体的止血海绵的应用,但是也可以含有另外的物质来影响凝血速度、止血和封闭质量诸如拉伸强度、产物对组织的强度和耐用性。
可以使用可提高或者改进内源性凝血或者外源性凝血的促凝剂,诸如凝血因子或者凝血辅因子、凝血因子XIII、组织因子、凝血酶原复合物、活化的凝血酶原复合物或者部分复合物、凝血酶原酶复合物、磷脂和钙离子。在手术操作需要精确封闭的情况下,在止血海绵施用到病人之后和在发生凝块之前优选延长操作时间。如果本发明的海绵另外包含适当数量的凝血抑止剂,就可以确保凝结反应的延长。抑止剂诸如抗凝血酶III(可选地和肝素一起)或者任何其它丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂是优选的。具有这种添加剂也是优选的,尤其是均匀分布在该材料中的凝血酶或者凝血酶前体,以避免该材料的局部不稳定性或者高凝固性。即使在某个含水率下,凝血酶活性也是令人吃惊地稳定,这可能是由于在均匀混合物中凝血酶和胶原密切接触之故。尽管如此,根据本发明,可以优选使用选自由多元醇、多糖、聚二醇、氨基酸或者它们的混合物所构成的组的凝血酶稳定剂。山梨醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、单糖或者双糖诸如葡萄糖或者蔗糖或者任何糖类或者可以稳定凝血酶活性的磺化氨基酸的示例性使用是优选的。根据本发明的另一个实施方式,粘结层附着于本发明的海绵,以便改进海绵对组织或者伤口的粘附。WO2008/016983中公开了适合于用作止血剂的海绵的这种粘结材料(将其全部并入本文以供参考)。优选的粘结剂可通过自身调节辅助性止血,并且可以适用于泄漏处的机械封闭区域。这种粘结剂比如是生物可再吸收的聚合物,尤其是刚一与体液接触就交联并凝固的聚合物。在另外的实施方式中,粘合剂是可再吸收的和/或生物相容性的,并且可以在小于6个月、小于3个月、小于1个月或者小于2个星期内被受试者(尤其是受试验的人)降解。
“粘结剂”在意义上应当被认为是其可粘附或者结合于生物组织并且可以或者不与其它材料结合。特定的粘结层可能包含第一可交联成分、在能够启动反应条件下可与第一可交联成分交联的第二可交联成分,其中第一和第二可交联成分可交联形成具有间隙的多孔基质。粘结层可以另外包含水凝胶形成成分,水凝胶形成成分可以被水合从而形成水凝胶来填充至少一些间隙。WO2008/016983中公开了这样一种粘结材料(将其并入本文以供参考)。第一可交联成分可以包括多个亲核基团,而第二可交联成分可以包括多个亲电基团。在与生物液体接触时,或者在其它能启动反应的条件下,可交联的第一和第二成分交联形成具有间隙的多孔基体。水凝胶形成成分可以是例如聚合物,尤其是生物聚合物,包括多糖或者蛋白质。水凝胶形成成分优选选自能够被水合从而形成生物相容的水凝胶的物质,该物质包含明胶并且当被传递至湿的目标组织旁边时可以吸水。这种水凝胶形成成分是比如海绵的颗粒材料。在某些方面,粘结剂的第一可交联成分包括具有m个亲核基团的多亲核聚环氧烷(multi-nucleophilicpolyalkylene oxide),并且第二可交联成分包括多亲电聚环氧烷(multi-electrophilic polyalkylene oxide)。多亲核聚环氧烷可以包括两个或更多个亲核基团,比如NH2、-SH、-H、-PH2和/或-CO-NH-NH2。有些情况下,多亲核聚环氧烷包括两个或更多个伯胺基。有些情况下,多亲核聚环氧烷包括两个或更多个硫醇基。多亲核聚环氧烷可以是聚乙二醇或者其衍生物。有些情况下,聚乙二醇包括两个或更多个亲核基团,亲核基团可以包括伯胺基和/或硫醇基。多亲电聚环氧烷可以包括两个或更多个亲电基团诸如CO2N(COCH2)2、-CO2H、-CHO、-CHOCH2、-N=C=O、-SO2CH=CH2、-N(COCH)2和/或-S-S-(C5H4N)。多亲电聚环氧烷可以包括两个或更多个琥珀酰亚胺基团。多亲电聚环氧烷可以包括两个或更多个马来酰亚胺基团。有些情况下,多亲电聚环氧烷可以是聚乙二醇或者其衍生物。
在特定的实施方式中,第一和/或第二可交联的成分是合成聚合物,优选包含聚乙二醇(PEG)或者其衍生物。聚合物可以是PEG的衍生物,其包含适合于交联和粘附于组织的活性侧基。优选地,粘结剂包含琥珀酰亚胺基团、马来酰亚胺基团和/或硫醇基团。在双聚合物结构中,一个聚合物可以是琥珀酰基团或者马来酰亚胺基团,而第二聚合物可以具有能够附着在第一聚合物的基团上的硫醇基。粘合剂的这些基团或者其他基团可以促进与组织粘附。
粘结层可以被连续地或者不连续地涂覆在海绵的至少一侧。然而,为了使主要的海绵材料(即纤维性的生物材料和颗粒材料)与损伤处的任何体液接触,优选地将粘结层以不连续的方式设置在海绵上,比如可以将格网或者任何其它罩子设置于海绵上,用粘结材料仅填充间隙,随后移去格网,留下可以接近胶原海绵基质的区域。连续涂敷可以优选用于低出血状况下的给药。
在本发明的另一个方面,在海绵的至少一侧可以提供拉伸强度比基质大的支持层。优选地,支持层在粘结层的对侧。当使用时,支持层不面对损伤,并且可以是或不是活性止血层。原则上,可以是给海绵提供物理耐性的任何物质。它可以选自与基质或者颗粒材料类似的材料。尽管如此,如果支持层与其他任何层一样可包含可生物再吸收的聚合物,则是优选的,尤其是如果全部海绵都是可生物再吸收的物质时。
支持层可以包含胶原或者明胶,尤其是交联后的明胶或者胶原。为了改进海绵基质的拉伸强度和机械支持,优选支持层的密度大于基质。
本发明还提供一种含有本发明的海绵的伤口敷层。海绵和所有的附加层可以以合适尺寸的即用型的伤口敷层被提供。海绵和/或敷层优选厚度是至少1毫米或者至少3毫米、或者至少5毫米和/或直至20毫米,取决于指示。当相对厚的柔软的海绵被施加到伤口上时,重要的是,在形成纤维蛋白之前,血液和纤维蛋白原可以通过海绵被吸收,形成纤维蛋白可能作为吸收其他伤口分泌物的屏障。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种制造止血多孔海绵的方法,该方法包括:提供纤维性生物材料的流体和可吸收液体的颗粒材料的悬浮颗粒,干燥具有悬浮颗粒的所述流体,从而获得包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒的止血多孔海绵。干燥可以包括冷冻干燥或者空气干燥,并且包括除去液体中的挥发性成分。
液体的pH,尤其就水溶液而言,pH可以是至少6直至9。优选的pH范围是中性的,优选在6和9之间或者在7和8之间。同样地,如果颗粒材料pH中性地与水溶剂接触起反应,则是优选的。
本发明的颗粒的一个优点是,由pH中性溶液形成海绵材料之后,海绵材料也可以以pH中性的方式与水溶剂接触起反应。“pH中性”被认为pH增加或者减少不超过1、优选不超过0.5。对于这种试验,例如可以使用等量(质量)的颗粒和水,优选不用缓冲物质。
在优选的实施方式中,溶剂是水性的,即含水,或者纯水,即不存在别的液体溶剂。溶剂可以包含:水,醇包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、异丙醇,酮类诸如丙酮,DMSO等。溶剂可以包含、或者不另外包含别的化合物诸如添加剂、乳化剂、去污剂和湿润剂。如果使用这种化合物,优选它们是可用水除去的,并且不与纤维性的海绵基质或者颗粒材料形成稳定的和残留的复合物。其他的化合物可以是酸性的,优选中性的或者碱性的化合物。
悬浮液和/或纤维性的生物材料(比如胶原凝胶)的制备可以在室温下进行,也可以在更低温度(接近0℃)或者更高温度(接近40℃)和之间的任何温度范围内进行、甚至在更低或者更高温度下进行。因此,在优选的实施方式中,在0℃和40℃之间或者15℃和30℃之间进行任何一个方法步骤。
任何附加的层,比如粘结层或者支持层可以附着于干燥的基质。然而也可以共同干燥其他层并且因此得到合成的海绵,比如如果支持层可以由聚合物(比如类似基质材料的如同胶原的纤维性生物材料)的液体或者凝胶构成时,可进行共同干燥。具有悬浮颗粒的海绵基质可以被放在支撑性材料的液体上(或者相反放置),并且两种液体可以在一个步骤中干燥。如果用于支撑性材料的液体中的聚合物浓度大于用于纤维性基质中的聚合物浓度,则通常可以得到的一种具有较大密度的层。优选地,用于海绵基质的胶原液体的浓度是0.1%-5%(w/w%),优选在0.1%-1%之间,最优选大约0.2%。
用于支持层的聚合物、尤其是胶原的浓度可以是比如0.5%-5%(w/w%),优选0.5%-2%,最优选在15-2%之间。为了将这些层保持分离,可以先将第一液体放入合适的容器中,冷冻所述液体,并且施加第二液体等。然后可以冻干这种容器,以便得到固体海绵。
在另一个方面,本发明提供一种通过上述本发明的方法获得的止血的多孔状海绵。上述的用于止血的海绵的所有优选实施方式也可以用于理解这种可获得的海绵。
本发明也提供一种治疗损伤的方法,该方法包括将包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的止血多孔海绵给药至损伤位点。该治疗尤其适合于收容液体。治疗可以包括封闭损伤处,以免其他的液体泄漏。损伤可以包含创伤、出血、受损组织、出血组织和/或体液的渗漏。
还提供了一种用于制备伤口敷层的试剂盒,其包含此处公开的海绵和药学上的活性物质。这个试剂盒和它的组分尤其用于上述治疗损伤的医用海绵的制造。
本发明将通过下面的实施例进一步地举例说明,但也不限于此处。
实施例
实施例1:包含交联的明胶颗粒的胶原海绵:
通过搅拌,制备含有80mg/ml交联的明胶颗粒和2.1mg/ml的胶原的均匀悬浮液。将这个悬浮液灌入托盘(层厚2.5毫米)中,并且冻干。得到含有被捕获的交联的明胶颗粒的胶原海绵。
实施例2:用粘结层不连续地涂敷的含交联的明胶颗粒的胶原海绵
根据实施例1制备含有交联的明胶颗粒的胶原海绵。在冻干后,将格网放在得到的产物上。将14mg/cm2的两种可交联的聚乙二醇聚合物(PEG-A和PEG-B)的1∶1(w/w)粉末混合物施加在衬垫上的格网上。只有格网的孔洞被粉末混合物覆盖。通过在高于PEG成分熔点的温度下短暂(2-5分钟)加热粉末,将粉末固定在衬垫上。移去格网,得到具有不连续的反应性PEG-涂层的衬垫。PEG-A是PEG-琥珀酰亚胺粉末,PEG-B是PEG-硫醇粉末。
实施例3:用附加支撑性胶原增强的由实施例2中描述的组合物组成的止血垫
将10mg/ml的3.5毫米厚的胶原悬浮液层被灌入托盘内,并且在-20℃下冷冻1h。用实施例3中描述的3.5毫米混合物层涂覆冷冻的胶原层。随后冷冻干燥两个层,并且用实施例2中描述的可交联的PEG成分不连续地涂覆上层。得到的分层衬垫比实施例1和2中描述的衬垫的机械强度大。
实施例4:用根据实施例1制备的产物止血
使用用于在肝素化(2×ACT)猪上止血的肝表面磨损模型,以便检测实施例1中制备的衬垫的止血特性。用平的、圆的、旋转的磨损工具,在肝素化猪的表面上制造圆形的出血伤口。将衬垫(3×3cm)干燥地放在出血伤口上,并且通过使用盐水湿润的纱布轻压2分钟固定就位。2分钟之后出血停止。下一个1分钟内没有观察到再出血。观察衬垫内的凝血。3分钟之后,借助钳子从施用的位置除去衬垫。观察到在施用的位置只有少量粘附。
实施例5:用根据实施例2制备的产物止血
实施例2中描述的衬垫被应用在与实施例4中一样的动物止血模型上,并且与实施例4的方式相同,使不连续的反应性PEG-涂层面对伤口。在施用之后的2和3分钟没有观察到出血。血液通过非涂敷区域进入衬垫并且在衬垫内凝固。在施用后的3分钟,在不破坏止血封闭的情况下,不可能容易地从施用的位置处移去衬垫。由反应性PEG-涂层引起的粘附比衬垫的内部拉伸强度强。
实施例6:用根据实施例3制备的产物的止血
实施例3中描述的衬垫被应用在与实施例4中一样的动物止血模型上,并且与实施例4的方式相同,使不连续的反应性PEG-涂层面对伤口。以与实施例5中描述的相同方式得到止血。附加的胶原层作为平滑薄片覆盖在止血胶原/交联后的明胶层上。伤口表面上的粘附与实施例5中类似。

Claims (20)

1.一种止血多孔状海绵,其包含纤维性生物材料的基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述纤维性生物材料包含胶原。
3.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述颗粒材料是止血材料。
4.如权利要求3所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述颗粒材料是经交联的聚合物。
5.如权利要求3所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述颗粒材料包含明胶、纤维蛋白、胶原或者它们的任何混合物。
6.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,还包含凝血酶或者凝血酶前体。
7.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,还包含粘结层。
8.如权利要求7所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述粘结层包含可生物再吸收的聚合物。
9.如权利要求7所述的海绵,其特征在于,粘结剂包含第一可交联成分、在能启动反应条件下可与所述第一可交联成分交联的第二可交联成分。
10.如权利要求9所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述第一和/或第二可交联的成分包含PEG或者其衍生物。
11.如权利要求7所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述粘结剂包含琥珀酰亚胺基团或者马来酰亚胺基团、和硫醇基团或者氨基基团。
12.如权利要求7所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述粘结层被不连续地涂敷在海绵的至少一侧。
13.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,其是被冻干或者空气干燥的海绵。
14.如权利要求1所述的海绵,其特征在于,其包含拉伸强度比所述基质材料大的支持层。
15.如权利要求14所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述支持层包含可生物再吸收的聚合物。
16.如权利要求14所述的海绵,其特征在于,所述支持层的密度比所述基质材料大。
17.一种制造止血多孔海绵的方法,该方法包括:提供纤维性生物材料的流体和可吸收液体的颗粒材料的悬浮颗粒,干燥具有悬浮颗粒的所述流体,从而获得包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的颗粒的止血多孔海绵。
18.一种通过如权利要求17所述的方法获得的止血多孔状海绵。
19.一种治疗损伤的方法,该方法包括将包含纤维性生物材料基质和粘附至所述基质材料且可吸收液体的颗粒材料的止血多孔海绵给药至损伤位点。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,所述损伤包括创伤、出血、受损组织和/或出血组织。
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