CN102795892B - 一种渗花瓷质砖及其生产方法 - Google Patents
一种渗花瓷质砖及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102795892B CN102795892B CN201210331440.6A CN201210331440A CN102795892B CN 102795892 B CN102795892 B CN 102795892B CN 201210331440 A CN201210331440 A CN 201210331440A CN 102795892 B CN102795892 B CN 102795892B
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- porcelain brick
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 116
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound 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[Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种渗花瓷质砖及其生产方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：(1)按常规方法制备瓷质砖粉料，备用；(2)渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的制备；(3)渗花瓷质砖用面浆的制备；(4)瓷质砖生坯的制备；(5)干燥；(6)施面浆；(7)喷墨印刷；(8)干燥和烧成；(9)磨边；(10)拣选、包装、入库。本发明的有益效果是解决了现有技术中存在的渗花瓷质砖生产过程中采用渗花技术得到的图案发色不够鲜艳和丰富，后续抛光过程中消耗磨料、能源和工业用水较大，而且产生了大量的抛光废料，影响和污染了环境，以及渗花瓷质砖对坯体原料要求较高导致生产成本增加、资源浪费较大的问题，提供了一种更环保经济、装饰效果更丰富的渗花瓷质砖的生产方法。
Description
一种渗花瓷质砖及其生产方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及建筑陶瓷技术领域，特别是涉及一种渗花瓷质砖的生产方法及用该方法生产的渗花瓷质砖。
背景技术
[0002]目前，渗花瓷质砖产品为达到仿天然石材纹理的效果，普遍采用“渗花”抛光技术。该技术是抛光砖生产中对釉面砖印花技术的改进，通过丝网给砖坯印刷网版上固有的图案纹理，采用诸如铜离子、镍离子、锰离子等可溶性化工盐渗透到坯体的深部，经过高温烧成形成离子固有的颜色，产生图案。由于可溶性盐的渗透性，使得产品烧成和抛光后仍能留下花纹图案。采用“渗花”技术生产的渗花抛光砖图案较为丰实，但该类抛光砖需要的渗花深度较深，约为2~3_，可选的渗花液用可溶性化工盐类极其有限，导致渗花抛光砖的色彩极为有限，发色不够鲜艳，花色不够丰富。另外，抛光砖烧成后需要进行磨边抛光和防污处理。在抛光过程中，需要进行刮平定厚，然后再粗抛、精抛，整个磨削厚度约0.5~0.8mm，不仅消耗大量磨料、能源和工业用水，而且产生大量抛光废渣；由于这些抛光废渣容易产生发泡作用而难以在生产中回收利用，目前只能采用填埋的方式处理，不仅占用大量土地，而且影响和污染环境。
[0003] 另一方面，由于现有渗花瓷质砖均为通体砖，坯体上下均匀一致，而渗花瓷质砖的坯体原料本身优劣差别较大，主要体现在成分、白度和杂质含量等指标上，如生产满足消费者需求的产品，则需用较好的原料，造成生产成本的上升。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明要解决的是现有技术中存在的渗花瓷质砖生产过程中采用渗花技术得到的图案发色不够鲜艳和丰富，后续抛光过程中消耗磨料、能源和工业用水较大，而且产生了大量的抛光废料，影响和污染了环境，以及渗花瓷质砖对坯体原料要求较高导致生产成本增加、资源浪费较大的问题，提供了一种更环保经济、装饰效果更丰富的渗花瓷质砖的生产方法。
[0005] 本发明的技术方案是:一种渗花瓷质砖生产方法，包括以下步骤:
[0006] (I)按常规方法制备瓷质砖粉料，备用；
[0007] (2)渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的制备，所述的墨水中选自以下的一种或几种物质:含有Fe的水溶性金属盐、含有Au的水溶性金属盐、含有Cr的水溶性金属盐、含有Co的水溶性金属盐；
[0008]（3)渗花瓷质砖用面浆的制备，所述面浆中包括以下重量比例的组分=SiO2:60% ~70%，Al2O3:15% ~25%，MgO+CaO:0 ~3%，K2CHNa2O:3.5% ~8%，Zn0:0.2% ~5%，Ti02:
0.2%~5%，余量为杂质，面浆的细度为325目筛余量在0.5%以内，比重为1.60~1.90g/cm3,备用；
[0009] (4)瓷质砖生坯的制备:将步骤(1)中制得的瓷质砖粉料均匀铺布在压砖机模腔中，在25~50MPa的压力下,将瓷质砖粉料压制成瓷质砖生还；
[0010] (5)干燥:将瓷质砖生坯在干燥窑中于80~250°C下烘干；
[0011] (6)施面浆:将步骤(3)制备的渗花瓷质砖用面浆施在干燥后的瓷质砖生坯表面，单位面积所施面浆的重量为800~1500g/m2 ；
[0012] (7)喷墨印刷:将步骤(2)制得的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水采用数码喷墨印刷机按设计好的图案喷涂在施过面浆的瓷质砖生坯上；
[0013] (8)干燥和烧成:将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯再在干燥窑中于60~100°C下烘干，接着在辊道窑中使用常规的瓷质砖烧成温度制度、压力制度和气氛制度，将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯一次烧成，烧成温度为1150~1250°C，烧成周期为40~120min，制得渗花瓷质砖半成品；
[0014] (9)磨边:利用常规的磨边加工设备，对半成品砖进行磨边处理，制得渗花瓷质砖成品，该渗花瓷质砖其图案纹理渗入深度约为0.3~0.5_ ;
[0015] (10)拣选、包装、入库。
[0016] 以上步骤中，凡未加特别说明的，都采用现有技术中的常规控制手段。
[0017] 为完成第二个发明目的，采用的是按上述步骤生产的渗花瓷质砖。
[0018] 本发明的生产步骤 中，步骤(2)、(3)、(6)是本发明的关键。
[0019] 在步骤(2)中，本发明采用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水是一种适用于喷墨印刷的陶瓷渗透墨水，它是以可发色的可溶性有机或无机金属盐、溶剂及调节助剂配制的具有渗透性质的水溶性陶瓷墨水。
[0020] 本发明所采用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的成分和性能均不同于现有渗花砖生产所用的渗花液和普通陶瓷砖喷墨印刷用墨水。现有渗花砖用渗花液主要成分为有着色能力的金属无机或有机盐、溶剂和各种助剂，对其粘度值具有一定的要求，使用时需要配合印油和助渗剂，以丝网印刷或者辊筒印刷的方式涂布，图案种类单一，色彩种类有限；而本发明所采用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水为水溶性着色离子的溶液，着色离子以离子或者离子团的状态存在，可以采用数码喷墨印刷设备进行喷墨印刷，图案纹理清晰，色彩丰富，立体感强。与普通陶瓷砖喷墨印刷用墨水为无机色料的悬浮液，只能附着在陶瓷砖坯体表面、不适宜抛光不同，本发明所采用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性墨水粘度值和表面张力较低，与渗花瓷质砖用面浆之间的润湿性好，能够渗透入渗花瓷质砖用面浆中，形成立体着色，增强了印刷图案的立体感效果，且可对半成品渗花瓷质砖进行抛光处理。
[0021] 本发明所用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水与现有的渗花液在呈色机理方面存在不同，尤其是不同着色离子所形成的混合颜色，体现出不同的呈色效果。现有的渗花液是由不同的着色剂按一定浓度比例配比混合，预配制出具有特定颜色的渗花液，烧成时渗花液中的可溶性盐渗入陶瓷坯体或釉体内部并在高温烧成中与坯体或釉体发生化学反应，生成具有特定颜色的晶体化合物而显色，其显色效果受到所用的渗花液种类的限制，表现为色彩种类非常有限，色调单一，且图案纹理不够细腻；而本发明所用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的显色是通过不同的喷墨印刷机喷头喷印各种颜色的墨水，根据喷墨印刷图案的色彩按一定的比例喷印不同颜色的微小墨滴，各墨滴相互独立，经高温烧成后各墨滴独立发色，由于各种颜色墨滴的数量、排布不同，整体即呈现出不同色彩。这种呈色方式的特点在于，通过调整不同颜色的墨水的喷墨量和喷涂位置，即可精确控制微小区域内颜色的色调、饱和度和明度值，可得到具有一系列色阶明显的色彩，印刷图案清晰细腻，呈色效果更
加丰富。
[0022] 在步骤(3)中，本发明采用的渗花瓷质砖用面浆中特别添加了有利于渗花墨水呈色的组分，如ZnO、TiO2等辅助着色剂。鉴于水溶性渗花墨水中的可溶性着色剂的种类和溶解度有限，一定程度上限制了烧成后的色彩的饱和度值，为制备色彩丰富的新型渗花瓷质砖，本发明在所用渗花瓷质砖面浆中选择性加入各种辅助着色剂。施面浆后的坯体经喷墨印刷后，水溶性渗花墨水中的着色金属离子渗入面浆层内部，与面浆中的辅助着色剂在高温烧成过程中发生化学反应，形成与所用水溶性渗花墨水烧成之后色调相同的晶体化合物，可显著提高水溶性渗花墨水烧成后色彩的饱和度，增强墨水的呈色效果。如在面浆中加入一定的ZnO，可增强蓝色渗花墨水烧成之后的色彩饱和度，同时对黄色和红色墨水的呈色效果并无干扰作用；其他几种金属氧化物亦对特定的色调有明显的增强效果。
[0023] 在步骤(6)中，本发明渗花瓷质砖施面浆的目的不仅是为了装饰美观，通过施加不同组成成分的渗花瓷质砖面浆，还可制备具有不同装饰效果或使用性能的新型渗花瓷质砖。如在瓷质砖生坯表面施透明面浆，再喷墨、烧成后可呈现出具有立体感装饰效果的图案。
[0024] 作为优选，所述步骤(3)中面浆的化学组成为SiO2:64%~68%，A1203:16%~20%，MgO+CaO:0 ~2.5%, K2CHNa2O:6% ~8%，ZnO:0.2% ~4%，TiO2:0.2% ~4%，余量为杂质。烧成后既能呈现出色彩丰富、纹理清晰的图案效果，同时砖体又具有瓷质砖坯体的高耐磨性和陶瓷釉层的高耐污性的优点。
[0025] 作为优选， 在步骤(9)磨边处理之后，采用抛光处理。在本发明所制备的新型瓷质渗花砖的工艺中，抛光处理是非必要的工艺步骤。经磨边后的成品砖可以磨边后柔抛或全抛光，也可不抛光，保留自然烧成的表面。若对本发明所制备的新型瓷质渗花砖表面进行抛光处理，即可获得一种新型渗花瓷质抛光砖。本发明渗花瓷质砖的水溶性墨水渗透深度较小，约为0.3~0.5_，在抛光过程中可以无需进行刮平定厚而直接进行粗抛和精抛，并且可以采用弹性磨块进行抛光即可达到最终的抛光效果。渗花砖原有抛光工艺的磨削量约为
0.5~0.8mm,而本发明采用的渗花瓷质砖的新抛光工艺的磨削量约为0.1~0.3mm,大大降低了磨削量，减少了磨料消耗、能源消耗和抛光废渣的产生量。
[0026] 采用本发明所述生产方法制得渗花瓷质砖。
[0027] 与现有技术相比，采用上述生产方法制备渗花瓷质砖，具有以下显著有益效果:
I)本发明所用的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水和面浆，显著提高水溶性渗花墨水烧成后色彩的饱和度，增强墨水的呈色效果；2)采用的渗花瓷质砖的新抛光处理方法磨削量约为
0.1~0.3mm，大大降低了磨削量，减少了磨料消耗、能源消耗和抛光废渣的产生量；3)采用上述生产工艺制得的渗花瓷质砖既能呈现出色彩丰富、纹理清晰的图案效果，同时砖体又具有瓷质砖坯体的高耐磨性和陶瓷釉层的高耐污性的优点。
实施例
[0028] 实施例1:
[0029] (I)瓷质砖粉料的制备:采用普通陶瓷粉料制备工艺，选用高岭土、长石、石英等类原料，通过配料、湿法球磨制浆、喷雾干燥造粒，制得含水率为7%、粒径在20~120目的颗粒状陶瓷粉料，化学组成范围为(重量份)=SiO2:72%, Al2O3:18%,MgO+CaO:2%，K2CHNa2O:4.5%，余量为杂质，作为瓷质砖粉料备用；
[0030] (2)渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的制备，分别为含有Fe的水溶性金属盐、含有Cr的水溶性金属盐、含有Co的水溶性金属盐的水溶性渗花墨水，备用；
[0031] (3)渗花瓷质砖用面浆的制备:采用普通陶瓷釉浆制备工艺，选用高岭土、长石、石英等类原料，通过配料、湿法球磨，制得细度为325目筛余量在0.5%以内，比重为1.87g/cm3的渗花瓷质砖面浆，化学组成范围为(重量份)=SiO2:64%, Al2O3:17%，MgO+CaO:2.0%，K2CHNa2O:6.5%，ZnO:2.5%，TiO2:4.0%，余量为杂质，其中ZnO, TiO2是作为辅助着色剂加入面浆中，备用；
[0032] (4)瓷质砖坯体的制备:将步骤(1)中制得的瓷质砖粉料均匀铺布在压砖机模腔中，在45MPa的压力下，将瓷质砖粉料压制成瓷质砖生坯；
[0033] (5)干燥:将瓷质砖生坯在干燥窑中于150°C下烘干；
[0034] (6)施面浆:将步骤(3)制得的渗花瓷质砖用面浆施在干燥后的瓷质砖生坯上，单位面积施面衆重量为1200g/m2 ；
[0035] (7)喷墨印刷:将步骤⑵制得的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水采用数码喷墨印刷机按设计好的图案喷涂在施过面浆的瓷质砖生坯上；
[0036] (8)干燥和烧成:将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯再在干燥窑中于80°C下烘干，接着在辊道窑中使用常规的瓷 质砖烧成温度制度、压力制度和气氛制度，将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯一次烧成，烧成温度为1200°C，烧成周期为70min，制得渗花瓷质砖半成品；
[0037] (9)磨边:利用常规的磨边加工设备对半成品砖进行磨边处理，制得渗花瓷质砖成品，该渗花瓷质砖其图案纹理渗入深度约为0.5mm。
[0038] (10)拣选、包装、入库。
[0039] 实施例2:
[0040] (I)瓷质砖粉料的制备:采用普通陶瓷粉料制备工艺，选用高岭土、长石、石英等类原料，通过配料、湿法球磨制浆、喷雾干燥造粒，制得含水率为7%、粒径在20~120目的颗粒状陶瓷粉料，化学组成范围为(重量份)=SiO2:74%, Al2O3:16%,MgO+CaO:2.5%，K20+Na20:5%，余量为杂质，作为瓷质砖粉料备用；
[0041] (2)渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的制备，分别为含有Au的水溶性金属盐、含有Cr的水溶性金属盐、含有Co的水溶性金属盐的水溶性渗花墨水，备用；
[0042] (3)渗花瓷质砖用面浆的制备:采用普通陶瓷釉浆制备工艺，选用高岭土、长石、石英等类原料，通过配料、湿法球磨，制得细度为325目筛余量在0.5%以内，比重为1.72g/cm3的渗花瓷质砖用面浆，化学组成范围为(重量份)=SiO2:66.5%，Al2O3:16%，MgO+CaO:
2.2%，K2CHNa2O:7.5%，ZnO:2.0%，TiO2:2.0%，余量为杂质，其中 ZnO, TiO2 是作为辅助着色剂加入面浆中，备用；
[0043] (4)瓷质砖坯体的制备:将步骤(1)中制得的瓷质砖粉料均匀铺布在压砖机模腔中，在50MPa的压力下，将瓷质砖粉料压制成瓷质砖生坯；
[0044] (5)干燥:将瓷质砖生坯在干燥窑中于200°C下烘干；
[0045] (6)施面浆:将步骤(3)制得的渗花瓷质砖用面浆施在干燥后的瓷质砖生坯上，单位面积施面衆重量为1110g/m2 ；[0046] (7)喷墨印刷:将步骤(2)制得的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水采用数码喷墨印刷机按设计好的图案喷涂在施过面浆的瓷质砖生坯上；
[0047] (8)干燥和烧成:将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯再在干燥窑中于100°C下烘干，接着在辊道窑中使用常规的瓷质砖烧成温度制度、压力制度和气氛制度，将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯一次烧成，烧成温度为1220°C，烧成周期为60min，制得渗花瓷质砖半成品；
[0048] (9)磨边和抛光:利用常规的磨边和抛光加工设备，采用弹性磨块，对半成品砖进行磨边和抛光处理，磨削量在0.2mm，制得渗花瓷质抛光砖成品，该渗花瓷质砖其图案纹理渗入深度约为0.3mm。
[0049](10)拣选、包装、入库。
Claims (3)
1.一种渗花瓷质砖生产方法，其特征在于，它包括以下步骤: (1)按常规方法制备瓷质砖粉料，备用； (2)渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水的制备，所述的墨水中选自以下的一种或几种物质:含有Fe的水溶性金属盐、含有Au的水溶性金属盐、含有Cr的水溶性金属盐、含有Co的水溶性金属盐； (3)渗花瓷质砖用面浆的制备，所述面浆中包括以下重量比例的组分:SiO2:60%~70%, Al2O3:15% ~25%,MgO+CaO:0 ~3%, K2CHNa2O:3.5% ~8%, ZnO:0.2% ~1%，TiO2:0.2% ~5%，余量为杂质，面浆的细度为325目筛余量在0.5%以内，比重为1.60~1.90g/cm3,备用； (4)瓷质砖生坯的制备:将步骤(1)中制得的瓷质砖粉料均匀铺布在压砖机模腔中，在25~50MPa的压力下,将瓷质砖粉料压制成瓷质砖生还； (5)干燥:将瓷质砖生坯在干燥窑中于80~250°C下烘干； (6)施面浆:将步骤(3)制备的渗花瓷质砖用面浆施在干燥后的瓷质砖生坯表面，单位面积所施面浆的重量为800~1500g/m2 ； (7)喷墨印刷:将步骤(2)制得的渗花瓷质砖用水溶性渗花墨水采用数码喷墨印刷机按设计好的图案喷涂在施过面浆的瓷质砖生坯上； (8)干燥和烧成:将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯再在干燥窑中于60~100°C下烘干，接着在辊道窑中使用常规的瓷质砖烧成温度制度、压力制度和气氛制度，将喷涂墨水的瓷质砖生坯一次烧成，烧 成温度为1150~1250°C，烧成周期为40~120min，制得渗花瓷质砖半成品; (9)磨边:利用常规的磨边加工设备，对半成品砖进行磨边处理，制得渗花瓷质砖成品，该渗花瓷质砖其图案纹理渗入深度为0.3~0.5_ ; (10)拣选、包装、入库。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种渗花瓷质砖生产方法，其特征在于，在步骤(9)磨边处理之后，进一步采用抛光处理。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法制得的渗花瓷质砖。
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