CN106007662B - 一种喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖 - Google Patents
一种喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖由坯体与渗入其中的釉质组成，其通过将含有纳米稳定剂的陶瓷生坯，含有纳米助渗剂、渗花釉、纳米发色剂的釉质层烧制而成。本发明的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖的颜色与图案在陶瓷坯体内部1.5~2.0mm处产生，纹理清晰，颜色丰富，图案完整，图案效果佳，同时瓷砖表面耐磨性好，防污性好，因此装饰与应用效果均非常良好，生产步骤简单，制造成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及大理石瓷砖，特别是喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖的技术领域。
背景技术
大理石瓷砖是指具有大理石表面特征的陶瓷砖，其外观与大理石接近，装饰效果良好，而在一些主要的性能上，如耐冲击性、耐磨性、抗折强度、吸水率等方面优于天然大理石，保养成本相对较低。
因大理石瓷砖的上述特征，其越来越广泛地应用于建筑业中，人们对其性能与装饰效果的要求也不断提高。大理石瓷砖按其加工方式的不同，常见的包括渗花抛光砖、喷墨全抛釉砖等。
其中渗花抛光砖为结合了渗花技术的抛光砖，其为通过在通体砖坯体的表面进行打磨抛光而得到的表面光亮的瓷砖，其表面不含有釉质，耐磨性与防滑性较好，但在制作的过程中常留下凹凸气孔，防污能力极差，在装饰效果方面，渗花抛光砖的图案颜色单一、线条纹理不清晰，不适于应用在装饰效果要求高的地方。
喷墨全抛釉砖为在传统抛光砖的表面施釉后再抛光得到的瓷砖，其加工步骤通常包括在坯体上施加底釉、再印花、再施加面釉，烧制后将面釉进行抛光的过程。如公布号为CN101973784A的中国专利申请文件中提出的一种仿大理石瓷砖，其包括坯料、底釉、花釉、及透明面釉。相对于渗花抛光砖，喷墨全抛釉砖的花色更丰富、色彩更鲜艳、纹理更清晰，但其耐磨性、防滑性较差，且在加工中，非常容易产生釉面气孔，从而导致其防污能力较差，同时喷墨全抛釉砖的生产成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种耐磨性好，防污性好，图案颜色丰富，图案线条、纹理清晰，装饰效果良好，生产成本较低的大理石瓷砖。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖由坯体与渗入其中的釉质组成，其通过将含有纳米稳定剂的陶瓷生坯，含有纳米助渗剂、渗花釉、纳米发色剂的釉质层烧制而成；所述纳米稳定剂为由氨水、乙二胺、柠檬酸三钠组成的混合物。
此处柠檬酸三钠也可以其水合物的形式加入。
所述纳米稳定剂的优选用量为坯体粉料的5%~10﹪。
该喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖在生坯上加入助渗剂后即可直接使用喷墨印刷的方式将釉料印制在坯体上，无需其它的中间步骤与复杂的处理过程。
该大理石瓷砖可优选进一步进行抛光。
纳米稳定剂的加入方式优选为在生坯进行压制时和粉料共同混合均匀的方式。
本发明中纳米稳定剂用于促进粉料颗粒间的良好的粘合，并在加工的过程中阻止陷入生坯中的渗花釉过度扩散，从而导致图案线条模糊、颜色混杂等现象的出现。
本发明中纳米助渗剂用于帮助渗花釉快速、均匀、完整且同步地渗入生坯中，从而保证了图案的点、线的深度、宽度均匀一致。
本发明中纳米发色剂用于在烧制过程中，起到还原作用，使得渗花釉中的颜料在坯体中发色更均匀、自然，使图案更清晰，色彩更鲜明，呈现出唯美、逼真的效果。
优选的是：所述纳米助渗剂为由活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇组成的混合物。
此处纳米助渗剂可对坯体进行吸附与润滑，并促进着色剂渗入到坯体内部，高温烧成后，与坯体发生化学反应得到鲜艳的颜色。
另外优选的是：所述纳米发色剂为过渡金属的盐酸盐的溶液。
过渡金属盐酸盐，如MnCl2、CoCl2、CrCl3、FeCl3等，借助助渗剂的作用，可直接渗入坯体中，经高温氧化还原反应后在坯体内发色。
另外优选的是：所述陶瓷生坯的组分包括长石、石英、高岭土。
另外优选的是：所述渗花釉包括着色剂、改性淀粉结合剂，所述着色剂为金属氯化物，所述改性淀粉结合剂包括乙二醇、乙二胺、去离子水中的一种或多种，所述渗花釉的粘度为200~300mPa.s。
其优选的加入方式为与生坯粉料一块混合，再压制成生坯状。
另外优选的是：相对于生坯的表面积，所述纳米助渗剂的用量为200~300g/m²。
另外优选的是：所述纳米发色剂的含量为所述陶瓷生坯粉料的30%~40%。
纳米发色剂优选搅拌为粘度0.2~3 mPa.s的溶液，根据色彩的要求选择适当的着色剂，按比例加入，其可渗入到坯体内部发色。
另外优选的是：所述釉质中着色剂渗入所述陶瓷坯体的厚度为1.5~2.0mm。
另外优选的是：所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖吸水率＜0.5﹪，耐磨度≥7级，抗折强度为40~50Mpa。
本发明的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖烧成后测试，在-15~20℃下冻融循环20无可见缺陷。吸湿膨胀极小，耐磨损、耐酸碱、不变色、寿命长。
本发明的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖的颜色与图案在陶瓷坯体内部1.5~2.0mm处产生，纹理极其清晰，颜色丰富，图案完整，图案效果极佳，同时瓷砖表面耐磨性好，防污性好。因此装饰与应用效果均非常良好，同时生产步骤简单，制造成本较低。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明，但不应将此理解为本发明的范围仅限于以下的实例。在不脱离本发明上述方法思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段做出的各种替换或变更,均应包含在本发明的范围内。
实施例1
（1）将陶瓷生坯粉料长石、石英、高岭土与质量为其5%的氨水、乙二胺、二水柠檬酸三钠组成的混合物混合均匀，其中氨水、乙二胺、二水柠檬酸三钠的质量比例为3:3:4，混合均匀后在压砖机中于30Mpa下压制为陶瓷生坯；
（2）向陶瓷生坯表面喷洒200g/m²的纳米助渗剂，纳米助渗剂为活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇组成的混合物，其中活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇的质量比例为6:1:3；
（3）5min后，纳米助渗剂干燥，使用5D喷墨机8通道电脑喷墨印刷渗花釉，渗花釉中含有着色剂与改性淀粉结合剂，改性淀粉结合剂为乙二醇，两者调配后渗花釉粘度为200mPa.s；
（4）向完成步骤（3）的生坯表面喷洒质量为生坯粉料30%的纳米发色剂，干燥后得到前驱体，纳米发色剂为MnCl2、CoCl2、CrCl3、FeCl3的混合物溶于去离子水后得到的粘度为0.8mPa.s的溶液；
（5）将前驱体在1250℃下烧制60分钟，即得到所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖；
所得大理石瓷砖中釉质渗入了陶瓷坯体内部，着色剂于坯体中1.5mm处产生颜色，瓷砖图像清晰，颜色丰富，吸水率为0.3﹪，耐磨度为7级，抗折强度为40Mpa，在-20℃下冻融循环20次无可见缺陷，吸湿膨胀极小，耐磨损、耐酸碱、不变色。
实施例2
（1）将陶瓷生坯粉料长石、石英、高岭土与质量为其10%的氨水、乙二胺、柠檬酸三钠组成的混合物混合均匀，其中氨水、乙二胺、柠檬酸三钠的质量比例为1:1:1，混合均匀后在压砖机中于30Mpa下压制为陶瓷生坯；
（2）向陶瓷生坯表面喷洒250g/m²的纳米助渗剂，纳米助渗剂为活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇组成的混合物，其中活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇的质量比例分别为6:2:3；
（3）10min后，纳米助渗剂干燥，使用5D喷墨机8通道电脑喷墨印刷渗花釉，渗花釉中含有着色剂与改性淀粉结合剂，改性淀粉结合剂为乙二醇，两者调配后粘度为300mPa.s；
（4）向完成步骤（3）的生坯表面喷洒质量为生坯粉料30%的纳米发色剂，干燥后得到前驱体，纳米发色剂为MnCl2、CoCl2、CrCl3、FeCl3的混合物溶于去离子水后得到的粘度为1mPa.s的溶液；
（5）将前驱体在1150℃下烧制70分钟，即得到所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖；
所得大理石瓷砖中釉质渗入了陶瓷坯体内部，着色剂于坯体中2.0mm处产生颜色，瓷砖图像清晰，颜色丰富，吸水率为0.4﹪，耐磨度为7级，抗折强度为45Mpa，在-15℃下冻融循环20次无可见缺陷，吸湿膨胀极小，耐磨损、耐酸碱、不变色。
实施例3
（1）将陶瓷生坯粉料长石、石英、高岭土与质量为其10%的氨水、乙二胺、二水柠檬酸三钠组成的混合物混合均匀，其中氨水、乙二胺、二水柠檬酸三钠的质量比例为2:1:2，混合均匀后在压砖机中于30Mpa下压制为陶瓷生坯；
（2）向陶瓷生坯表面喷洒300g/m²的纳米助渗剂，纳米助渗剂为活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇组成的混合物，其中活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇的质量比例为6:3:2；
（3）10min后，纳米助渗剂干燥，使用5D喷墨机8通道电脑喷墨印刷渗花釉，渗花釉中含有着色剂与改性淀粉结合剂，改性淀粉结合剂为乙二醇，两者调配后粘度为250mPa.s；
（4）向完成步骤（3）的生坯表面喷洒质量为生坯粉料40%的纳米发色剂，干燥后得到前驱体，纳米发色剂为MnCl2、CoCl2、CrCl3、FeCl3的混合物溶于去离子水后得到的粘度为2mPa.s的溶液；
（5）将前驱体在1200℃下烧制70分钟，即得到所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖；
所得大理石瓷砖中釉质渗入了陶瓷坯体内部，着色剂于坯体中2.0mm处产生颜色，瓷砖图像清晰，颜色丰富，吸水率为0.3﹪，耐磨度为7级，抗折强度为45Mpa，在-20℃下冻融循环20次无可见缺陷，吸湿膨胀极小，耐磨损、耐酸碱、不变色。
Claims (8)
1.一种喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖由坯体与渗入其中的釉质组成，其通过将含有纳米稳定剂的陶瓷生坯，含有纳米助渗剂、渗花釉、纳米发色剂的釉质层烧制而成；所述纳米稳定剂为由氨水、乙二胺、柠檬酸三钠组成的混合物；所述纳米助渗剂为由活性水、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、乙二醇组成的混合物；所述纳米发色剂为过渡金属的盐酸盐溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述陶瓷生坯的组分包括长石、石英、高岭土。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述渗花釉包括着色剂、改性淀粉结合剂，所述着色剂为金属氯化物，所述改性淀粉结合剂包括乙二醇、乙二胺、去离子水中的一种或多种，所述渗花釉的粘度为200~300mPa.s。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述纳米稳定剂的加入量为所述陶瓷生坯粉料的5~10%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：相对于生坯的表面积，所述纳米助渗剂的用量为200~300g/m²。
6.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述纳米发色剂的含量为所述陶瓷生坯粉料的30%~40%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述釉质中着色剂渗入所述陶瓷坯体的厚度为1.5~2.0mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖，其特征在于：所述喷墨渗花大理石瓷砖吸水率＜0.5﹪，耐磨度≥7级，抗折强度为40~50Mpa。
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