CN102757409B - 一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102757409B
CN102757409B CN201210249820.5A CN201210249820A CN102757409B CN 102757409 B CN102757409 B CN 102757409B CN 201210249820 A CN201210249820 A CN 201210249820A CN 102757409 B CN102757409 B CN 102757409B
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epoxy chloropropane
vinylformic acid
preparation
triethylamine
glycidyl acrylate
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CN102757409A (zh
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刘群俊
全春喜
柴超
雷嘉
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HUNAN ROCKET CHEMICAL MATERIALS CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法,采用的反应物是丙烯酸和环氧氯丙烷,催化剂是三乙胺,阻聚剂是对羟基苯甲醚;将所述阻聚剂、催化剂和反应物混合并分散后再升温进行反应,在对羟基苯甲醚的作用下,环氧氯丙烷与三乙胺发生亲核取代反应,生成氯铵盐;丙烯酸再和氯铵盐中的碳正阳离子发生酯化反应,生成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。其产物转化率高,但生产工艺原料用量少,操作过程简单,无需后续处理,具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。

Description

一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法。
背景技术
丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GA)是一种具有双官能团的单体,它比起甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)具有相对更高的反应活性。它的分子式中同时具有乙烯基和环氧基团,能分别进行不同的反应。用自由基型引发剂引发时,可使双键打开和其它丙烯酸酯类单体共聚,生成具有环氧基团的线性聚合物。而GA本身的双官能团结构,使得丙烯酸酯类的高聚物可以进一步交联成网状结构,其制品具有优良的耐候性、耐紫外、耐水和耐热等特点。因此,目前已广泛应用于感光材料,有机合成,高分子合成及聚合物改性等众多领域。
其传统的合成方法主要有相转移法和酯化闭环法,相转移法以丙烯酸钠盐、环氧氯丙烷为原料,一步合成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。反应式为:
该方法要求整个反应体系无水,对钠盐纯量要求高,并且存在环氧氯丙烷用量多、钠盐脱水较难、后续处理繁杂等缺点。此外由于环氧氯丙烷的大量使用,导致生产成本很高,对环境有一定的污染。
酯化闭环法以丙烯酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料,先合成中间体3-氯-2-羟基丙基丙烯酸酯,中间体再和氢氧化钠水溶液反应生成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。酯化闭环法环操作简单,缺点是碱的用量及水的引入对产率影响很大,而且分离产物中的水很繁杂。其反应式为:
发明内容
为了解决上述弊端,本发明所要解决的技术问题是,提供一种在无水反应体系中合成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的新工艺,具有环氧氯丙烷用料少,产率高,操作方便,没有后续处理等特点。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是,一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法采用的反应物是丙烯酸和环氧氯丙烷,催化剂是三乙胺,阻聚剂是对羟基苯甲醚;将所述阻聚剂、催化剂与反应物混合并分散后再升温进行反应,在对羟基苯甲醚的作用下,环氧氯丙烷与三乙胺发生亲核取代反应,生成氯铵盐;丙烯酸再和氯铵盐中的碳正阳离子发生酯化反应,生成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。本发明中涉及的主反应式如下:
优选地,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
第一步,按下述比例在容器中投入反应物、催化剂和阻聚剂:反应物的重量份数比为:环氧氯丙烷:丙烯酸=89~101∶72;催化剂三乙胺的重量为丙烯酸与环氧氯丙烷重量之和的0.1~0.8%;阻聚剂对羟基苯甲醚的重量为丙烯酸与环氧氯丙烷重量之和的0.1~0.3%;
第二步,控制温度在70-90℃下分散1-2小时;
第三步,升温并控制温度在100-120℃,反应3-5小时后放料。
本发明的有益效果在于,采用本发明的技术方案,其产物转化率高,但生产工艺原料用量少,操作过程简单,无需后续处理,具有很好的经济效益和社会效益。
下面将结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1:在装有搅拌器、温度计及加料装置的容器里按重量加入72份丙烯酸、89份环氧氯丙烷和0.16份三乙胺、0.16份对羟基苯甲醚,控制在70℃下分散1小时;升温100℃;控制在100℃,反应3小时,放料并检测产率。产率检测方法(以下各例均相同)采用气相色谱法测定(日本岛津GC-9A气相色谱仪,热导法检测,进样量为0.5μL)。测得产率为90.5%。
实施例2:在装有搅拌器、温度计及加料装置的容器里按重量加入72份丙烯酸、92份环氧氯丙烷和0.50份三乙胺、0.15份对羟基苯甲醚,控制在70℃下分散1小时;升温100℃;控制在100℃,反应3小时,放料并检测产率。测得产率为93.2%。
实施例3:在装有搅拌器、温度计及加料装置的容器里按重量加入72份丙烯酸、95份环氧氯丙烷和1.00份三乙胺、0.33份对羟基苯甲醚,控制在80℃下分散1.5小时;升温110℃;控制在110℃,反应4小时,放料并检测产率。测得产率为96.0%。
实施例4:在装有搅拌器、温度计及加料装置的容器里按重量加入72份丙烯酸、98份环氧氯丙烷和1.19份三乙胺、0.51份对羟基苯甲醚,控制在85℃下分散2小时;升温115℃;控制在115℃,反应4.5小时,放料并检测产率。测得产率为94.5%
实施例5:在装有搅拌器、温度计及加料装置的容器里按重量加入72份丙烯酸、101份环氧氯丙烷和1.38份三乙胺、0.52份对羟基苯甲醚,控制在90℃下分散2小时;升温120℃;控制在120℃,反应5小时,放料并检测产率。测得产率为92.2%。
本发明描述的上述实施例仅是为了清楚的说明本发明的技术方案,而不能理解为对本发明作出任何限制。本发明在本技术领域具有公知的多种替代或者变形,在不脱离本发明实质意义的前提下,均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法采用的反应物是丙烯酸和环氧氯丙烷,催化剂是三乙胺,阻聚剂是对羟基苯甲醚;将所述阻聚剂、催化剂与反应物混合并分散后再升温进行反应,在对羟基苯甲醚的作用下,环氧氯丙烷与三乙胺发生亲核取代反应,生成氯铵盐;丙烯酸再和氯铵盐中的碳正阳离子发生酯化反应,生成丙烯酸缩水甘油酯;
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
第一步,按下述比例在容器中投入反应物、催化剂和阻聚剂:反应物的重量份数比为:环氧氯丙烷:丙烯酸=89~101:72;催化剂三乙胺的重量为丙烯酸与环氧氯丙烷重量之和的0.1~0.8%;阻聚剂对羟基苯甲醚的重量为丙烯酸与环氧氯丙烷重量之和的0.1~0.3%;
第二步,控制温度在70-90℃下分散1-2小时;
第三步,升温并控制温度在100-120℃,反应3-5小时后放料。
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CN104086509A (zh) * 2014-07-10 2014-10-08 中昊(大连)化工研究设计院有限公司 甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的合成方法
FR3036399B1 (fr) 2015-05-20 2017-06-16 Bostik Sa Polymeres hydrocarbones comprenant deux groupements terminaux (2-thione-1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl)alkyloxycarbonyle
FR3055134B1 (fr) 2016-08-16 2018-08-24 Bostik Sa Nouveaux polymeres hydrocarbones a groupements terminaux dithiocyclocarbonate
FR3071502B1 (fr) 2017-09-28 2020-06-19 Bostik Sa Copolymeres hydrocarbones liquides a deux groupements terminaux ester cyclocarbonate
CN111115782B (zh) * 2020-01-09 2022-05-20 江西省地质环境监测总站(鄱阳湖生态环境研究所) 一种污水处理絮凝剂及其制备方法

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