CN1027142C - 一种利用液体射流从粘附层上清除外涂层或从基面上清除相结合的外涂层和粘附层的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用液体射流从粘附层上清除外涂层或从基面上清除相结合的外涂层和粘附层的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
涡轮发动机机件上的涂料层在机器进行维修、保养时经常需要清除,传统的技术包括机械清除方法、化学清除法、先机械后化学方法、及喷砂法。上述方法经常引起机件的毁坏或损伤捐。可以采用液体射流来清除火漆、涂料层或它们的部份而不损伤发动机机件。
Description
本发明涉及用液体射流清除防护涂层物的技术,特别适用于可研磨的、抗磨及绝热防护层物质的清除,这些涂层通常由粉末或纤维烧结而成或通过离子喷射而成。
各种防护涂层料和烧结材料被广泛应用于多种用途。例如在涡轮发动机中使用它们以提高效率和/或防止机件过热或磨损。涂层物种类包括隔热的、磨料的、可研磨火漆和坚硬涂料,下文称之为涂料。
因为涡轮发动机中叶片-壳体和圆盘-翼之间的间隙过量会引起气体外渗,从而降低发动机效率,因此可使用可研磨火漆来减小转动与非转动部件之间的间隙。可使用隔热材料涂料防止机械部件过热。可使用磨料涂料防止有害的相互摩擦作用,并可使用坚硬涂料层来减少磨损。
一些涂料靠离子喷涂或火焰喷涂,使粒子(通常是粉末状的)进入到热气流或火焰(相应地)中,粒子附着到基面上后粘结成涂层。在基面上,将粒子(即AB-1)或短金属丝(即商标为Feltmetal)通过预烧或部份烧结然后再进行钎焊,能制成研磨涂层,它包括粘结的颗粒和金属丝或者粉末和孔穴。粘附层(直接与基面接触的一层涂层)可以通过离子喷射或喷镀形成。通常在应用离子喷射和喷镀工艺时使用粘附层。粘附层是一层在喷涂层时先喷到基面上的含金属的混合
物涂层。美国专利3,542,530,3,676,085,3,754,903,3,879,831,3,928,026,和4,704,332(综述于此做为参考文件)中描述了各种涂料。而美国专利3,413,136,4,055,705,和4,321,311(综述于此做为参考文件)中描述了上述涂料的应用技术。
这些种类涂料的普遍特性是涂料的粘合强度相对较低,被喷涂的离子或被部份烧结的粒子相互粘结不牢,通常多孔率较高,从而涂层的强度低于基面的强度。
在发动机进行保养时,这些涂料常需要除掉。由于清除工艺不易控制,常常引起基面损伤。各种技术被用来清除涂料:机械方法、化学方法、先机械后化学清除法(例如美国专利4,339,282,4,425,185)和砂喷净法。例如,先机械后化学清除法要求机件被夹持固定,先用机械工具除去其上的大部份涂料,然后使用化学溶液,通常使用强酸或强碱来解体遗留的涂料。此种方法要求较高的精确性:因为在机械刮除阶段如果没有适当的对准机械构件,将会损伤基面材料;而在使用化学溶液时又很可能产生对基面的腐蚀。此工艺方法也耗费时间与劳力,以外,在化学清除阶段还能产生有害的废物。单独使用机械或化学清除法也存在上述的问题。
其它常用的磨擦或砂喷净法也经常引起与机件的损伤:磨擦颗粒被抛入压缩空气气流,气流射向涂料层,一旦基面暴露喷射必须立即停止以免伤损基面,这对操纵者的技能要求很高。
据我们所知,高于10,000psi(磅/平方英寸)压力的液体射流还没有在清除涂料层的技术领域中使用过。压力较低的气流,2,000-3,000psi,已经应用于清洗、清除核污染、混凝土翻松、清除茗荷介和船壳污物等方面。
本发明的目的是要提供一种简单可行、化费少并且于环境无害的清除机件上涂层的方法。
本发明是关于用液流喷射清除涂料层的方法。液流往返移动于涂料层区域上方以一定角度冲击涂层将其清除。使用不同的液流压力,可清除可研磨火漆/绝热层而不损伤粘附层(如果有的话),或者可以将可研磨火漆/绝热层和粘附层全部同时清除而不伤损基面。
根据本发明,提供一种利用液体射流从粘附到基面的粘附层上清除外涂层的方法,所述的液体射流具有引导液体射流的装置、使液体射流产生足够喷射压力以清除涂层的装置、使液体射流与涂层之间产生相对运动的装置以及供应液体的装置,所述的方法包括:a.提供足够压力的液体以便剥落涂层;b.使涂层与液体射流之间产生相对运动;其特征在于:使液体在137.9MPa(20,000Psi)或更大的压力下冲击外涂层,引起外涂层剥落直至其粘附层被暴露出来,在上述过程中粘附层和基面不受伤损,可被重复使用。
根据本发明,提供一种利用液体射流从基面上清除相结合的外涂层和粘附层的方法,所述的液体射流具有引导液体射流的装置、使液体射流产生足够喷射压力以清除外涂层和粘附层的装置、使液体射流与相结合的外涂层和粘附层之间产生相对运动的装置以及供应液体的装置,所述的方法包括:a.提供足够压力的液体以便一起剥落外涂层和粘附层;b.使液体射流与结合的外涂层和粘附层之间产生相对运动;其特征在于:使液体在137.9MPa(20,000Psi)或更大的压力下冲击外涂层和粘附层,引起外涂层和粘附层剥落直至其基面被暴露出来,在上述过程中基面不受伤损,可被重复使用。
本发明方法可清除等离子喷射及烧结涂层,这些涂层的粘结强度明显小于基面的强度。
本发明的上述和其它的特点及优越性通过下面结合附图的说明就会更清楚。
图1是本发明的基本实施例。
图1A是图1的断面,示出了涂层的不同叠层。
图2示出了用不同压力液体射流取得的效果。
采用通常使用的技术清除涂层较难、且不精确,对技术人员的技术水平要求很高,费时,设备昂贵,而且还常常损伤机件。
采用液流喷射清除技术可除去涂层、粘附层或者二者而不伤害基面材料,因而用该方法来代替现有技术是可行的。
据上所述,本发明是用液流喷射工艺清除涂层,其主要参数(见图1)为喷嘴与涂层的距离及液流的压力。喷嘴可离涂层约6-12英寸,这取决于设备和压力制约情况。但距离小更好,最好在1/4-3/4英寸之间。
液体射流与涂层接触角度可以选择:可采用20°-90°角度,30°-90°角度更好一些,而采用45°角最好(见图1)。角度并不是关键参数,它只起到液体使碎片易被冲走的作用。转动方向对涂层碎片的冲离有影响,最好的转动方向是在转动机件时,使其朝着能使液流与机件之间夹角变为最小的方向进行。尽管这只是可选择的因素,正确的转动方向是有助于从工作区域将碎片冲开从而消除工艺进行中的障碍。
液流可选用在1个大气压下,粘性在0.25-5.00厘泊间的任何对粘附层或基面材料无损害的液体,包括以水为主的液体。粘度过大会在高压喷射方面产生问题,而粘度低的液体难于加压,这都可能引起设备投资的增加。在25℃和1个大气压下,水的粘性为约0.95厘泊,因而用水既经济也有利于废物清除。诸如润湿剂或各种能腐蚀涂层而于机件无损的化学添加剂也可以使用。
水射流的压力必须充分大到能除去涂层和/或粘附层,而超过60,000psi的压力又会损害大多数涡轮发动机机件的基面材料,所以必须选用必要的、较低的压力。适当的压力范围是约20,000-60,000
psi,最好的压力范围为约25,000-约40,000psi。确切压力的选取则取决于要除掉的涂料种类以及该涂层要被清除至粘附层还是基面(见图1A,涂层1和粘附层2)。确切的极限压力还与喷嘴的几何尺寸、距离及特定的基面有关。实际操作中,熟练的技术人员可以立即确定能引起基面损伤的压力和/或能使粘附层剥落的压力,因而可将压力调整到适当的大小。
图2示出了使用本发明工艺方法时压力变化产生的不同效果。从(A)到(D)顺序使用的压力由大到小,清除深度变小,在D处,可研磨火漆/隔热层被清除而对粘附层无伤损。
本发明将通过下述的实施例给出更清楚易懂的说明。
实施例1
下述程序用于从基面上除掉由等离子喷射而成的坚硬涂层,涂层及粘附层(包括20V/O的80镍20铬合金,余量为碳化铬)。
1.具有涂层的基面与水流喷嘴安装成了以相对移动的形式。
2.喷嘴的安装应使其出口端与涂层相距1/4英寸,射流与涂层交角为45°(见图1)。
3.水射流压力为40,000psi。
4.射流与涂层相对运动如此进行:随涂层被剥离,要被剥离的涂层部位前进与射流接触。
5.清除时间取决于涂层面积,对典型的涡轮发动机机件,时间为大约5-10分钟。
实施例2
一种烧结而成的可研磨涂料层(包括约65V/O镍,35V/O铬,余下为铝)可以用上例步骤清除,只需将上述步骤3中的压力从40,000改为35,000psi。
此工艺程序可用于任何强度小于基面强度的涂层。通过调整射流
压力以使在清除涂层时不伤及粘附层,或清除粘附层时不伤及基面物质。
尽管本发明已通过实施例进行详尽的描述,该技术领域技术人员懂得,根据本发明要点,在权利要求范围内还存在着多种形式和细节不同的可能实施方式。
Claims (20)
1、一种利用液体射流从粘附到基面的粘附层上清除外涂层的方法,所述的液体射流具有引导液体射流的装置、使液体射流产生足够喷射压力以清除涂层的装置、使液体射流与涂层之间产生相对运动的装置以及供应液体的装置,所述的方法包括:
a.提供足够压力的液体以便剥落涂层;
b.使涂层与液体射流之间产生相对运动;
其特征在于:
使液体在137.9MPa(20,000Psi)或更大的压力下冲击外涂层,引起外涂层剥落直至其粘附层被暴露出来,在上述过程中粘附层和基面不受伤损,可被重复使用。
2、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述外涂层属于等离子喷涂涂层、火焰喷涂涂层及烧结涂层中的一种。
3、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述外涂层是可研磨的涂层。
4、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述外涂层是隔热的。
5、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述外涂层是磨料。
6、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述外涂层是坚硬涂料。
7、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述液流压力为137.9MPa(20,000psi)-413.7MPa(60,000psi)。
8、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于采用喷嘴来作为引导液体射流的装置。
9、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述液体是从下述液体中选出:所有的对粘附层无降解损伤,并且其粘度在1个大气压和25℃温度下为0.25厘泊-5.00厘泊之间的液体。
10、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述液体可以是以水为基的液体。
11、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述液体是水。
12、按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述液体射流与外涂层的夹角在20°-70°之间,此角度可使液流清洗掉涂层碎片。
13、一种利用液体射流从基面上清除相结合的外涂层和粘附层的方法,所述的液体射流具有引导液体射流的装置、使液体射流产生足够喷射压力以清除外涂层和粘附层的装置、使液体射流与相结合的外涂层和粘附层之间产生相对运动的装置以及供应液体的装置,所述的方法包括:
a.提供足够压力的液体以便一起剥落外涂层和粘附层;
b.使液体射流与结合的外涂层和粘附层之间产生相对运动;
其特征在于:
使液体在137.9MPa(20,000Psi)或更大的压力下冲击外涂层和粘附层,引起外涂层和粘附层剥落直至其基面被暴露出来,在上述过程中基面不受伤损,可被重复使用。
14、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的粘附层是通过等离子喷射或喷镀而成。
15、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:所述液流压力范围为137.9MPa(20,000psi)-413.7MPa(60,000psi)。
16、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:引导液流流动是通过使用喷嘴实现的。
17、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:所述液体可以是所有的对基面不伤损、并且在1个大气压及25℃下的粘度为0.25-5.00厘泊之间的液体。
18、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:所述液体可以是以水为基的液体。
19、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:所述液体为水。
20、按权利要求13所述的方法,其特征在于:液体射流与相结合的外涂层和粘附层之间的夹角在20°-70°范围内,此角度可以使射流能冲掉涂层碎片。
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US44166689A | 1989-11-27 | 1989-11-27 | |
US441,666 | 1989-11-27 |
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EP (1) | EP0430856B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2742471B2 (zh) |
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- 1990-11-23 DE DE69020507T patent/DE69020507T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1990-11-23 JP JP2320508A patent/JP2742471B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-11-23 EP EP90630202A patent/EP0430856B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-11-26 BR BR909005984A patent/BR9005984A/pt unknown
- 1990-11-26 AU AU66972/90A patent/AU642928B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1990-11-27 IE IE426890A patent/IE68059B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-11-27 MX MX023505A patent/MX172981B/es unknown
- 1990-11-27 CN CN90109621A patent/CN1027142C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO905116L (no) | 1991-05-28 |
CA2030936A1 (en) | 1991-05-28 |
MX172981B (es) | 1994-01-26 |
JP2742471B2 (ja) | 1998-04-22 |
PT96011A (pt) | 1991-09-13 |
RU2071507C1 (ru) | 1997-01-10 |
IE904268A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
KR100198896B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
EP0430856B1 (en) | 1995-06-28 |
IE68059B1 (en) | 1996-05-15 |
KR910009344A (ko) | 1991-06-28 |
BR9005984A (pt) | 1991-09-24 |
HK173095A (en) | 1995-11-17 |
DE69020507D1 (de) | 1995-08-03 |
AU642928B2 (en) | 1993-11-04 |
IL96485A (en) | 1994-11-11 |
FI905836A0 (fi) | 1990-11-27 |
AU6697290A (en) | 1991-05-30 |
DE69020507T2 (de) | 1996-01-04 |
FI905836A (fi) | 1991-05-28 |
CA2030936C (en) | 2000-03-28 |
YU226390A (sh) | 1993-10-20 |
EP0430856A1 (en) | 1991-06-05 |
US5167721A (en) | 1992-12-01 |
USRE35611E (en) | 1997-09-23 |
ES2074151T3 (es) | 1995-09-01 |
CN1052264A (zh) | 1991-06-19 |
IL96485A0 (en) | 1991-08-16 |
NO905116D0 (no) | 1990-11-27 |
JPH0463635A (ja) | 1992-02-28 |
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