CN102696865A - Method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain - Google Patents
Method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain. The method comprises the steps of pulverizing newly harvested and dried corn straw to 1-5 mm; adding bran, corn flour and water, wherein mass contents of the bran, the corn flour and water are 2-5%, 3-6% and 60% of total weight of prepared feed respectively, and mixing; high-pressure sterilizing to obtain fermentation culture medium; inoculating Aspergillus niger, brewing yeast and Bacillus natto; performing mixed fermentation; adding corn flour and water, wherein mass contents of the corn flour and water are 18-25% and 20-30% of total weight of prepared feed respectively, and fully mixing; setting working parameters of a cold granulating machine as: mold hole diameter of 4-6 mm, and distance between a cutter blade and a mold plate of 20-30 mm; and granulating. The granular feed has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, high probiotic bacteria content, and rich nutrients; can effectively improve animal immunity, reduce disease occurrence, and improve quality of livestock and poultry products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to produce the method for feed, a kind of specifically mixed fermentation maize straw is produced the method for probio pellet.
Background technology
Maize straw contains carbohydrate more than 30%, 2%～5% protein and 0.5%～1% fat; Be the quality raw materials of producing feed; Yet the utilization rate of maize straw is extremely low at present; Most of maize straw being by random abandoning even burning, and not only causes environmental pollution but also causes a large amount of wastes of resource.Traditional method of utilizing the maize straw nutrition purposes, especially for feeding animals mainly contains: add water after the pulverizing and stir the method for directly nursing and the method that ammonification is handled.Stir the method for directly feeding to crushing and water-adding, animal is extremely low to the absorptivity of nutriment, though the stalk that ammonification is handled has improved the absorptivity of feed, because the qualification of its product performance and preparation method is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.CN101720850A has announced a kind of biological stalk (straw) feed, though this fermentation process has improved the nutritive value of stalk to a certain extent, still can not solve the storage and the transportation problem of straw feed.CN102132762A has announced a kind of straw feed and preparation method thereof, and this method is through an aerobic step anaerobic fermentation of two steps, and complicated operation and fermentation time are long.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the problems referred to above; Provide a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw to produce the method for probio pellet, the present invention adopts aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and three kinds of bacterium of bafillus natto that maize straw is carried out mixed fermentation, is made into pellet through cold granulator; The prepared feed that goes out has higher nutritive value; Can effectively improve the immunity of animal, reduce disease and take place, improve the quality of animal products.
Bacterial classification used in the present invention is aspergillus niger CICC 41254, saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC 1252 and the bafillus natto CICC20132 that is bought by Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation center.
A kind of mixed fermentation maize straw is produced the method for probio pellet, and its concrete preparation process is:
The processing of step 1, maize straw: it is dry and do not have the maize straw that goes mouldy and be crushed to 1mm-5mm to get new harvesting;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potato dextrose agar, and its concrete compound method is to get potato 200 grams; Be cut into small pieces; Add 1000 milliliters in water and boiled 30 minutes, potato ball is removed with filtered through gauze in the cooling back, in filtrating, adds glucose 20 grams and is stirred to dissolving fully; Moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: with 20 gram glucose, 5 gram peptones and 5 restrain beef extracts and add the 50-100 ml waters, and fully dissolving back water is settled to 1000 milliliters, sterilizes 20 minutes for 121 ℃.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 200 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 100 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring bafillus natto and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed, 28 ℃, 150 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
In container, add maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that above-mentioned steps one is pulverized respectively; Stir; Obtain mixture, the quality that makes wherein maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water is 25%-40%, 2%-5%, 3%-6% and 60%, 21 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 30 minutes of mixture gross mass respectively; Prepare fermentation medium, subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation and fermentation
The aspergillus niger strain that step 2 is prepared, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3; Inoculum concentration is the 1%-5% of fermentation medium quality; Cultivated 3-8 days at 28 ℃ then, the back mixture obtains fermenting.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
Adding corn flour and water are mixed with feed in the mixture in step 4 after the fermentation; Corn flour and water addition are the 18%-25% and the 20%-30% of preparation back feed gross mass; Abundant stirring and evenly mixing; The running parameter that cold granulator is set is: die throat diameter 4-6 millimeter, blade and template apart from the 20-30 millimeter, granulate.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention selects for use in manufacturing process and adopts aspergillus niger CICC 41254, bafillus natto and three kinds of Mixed Microbes of saccharomyces cerevisiae that maize straw is fermented; These three kinds of bacterial classifications are selected after a large amount of experimental strains combine coupling, perhaps select for use other strain fermentations effective than a kind of bacterium of independent usefulness; Aspergillus niger can produce protease, phytase, pectase, and these enzymes can effectively promote the absorption of animal to feed nutrition; Experimental result shows and is used with bafillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae that it is satisfactory for result, and the prepared feed that goes out can efficiently promote animal growth.Wherein the count plate experiment shows that the fermented stalk feed of producing through the inventive method contains a large amount of active probiotic compositions; Increased this feed nutritive value; Can effectively adjust the balance of profitable strain in the animal intestinal, improve the absorption rate of animal, strengthen the immunity of animal feed; Reduce disease and take place, improve the quality of animal products; Animal feeding is tested the animal growth rate that shows behind the invention forage feed and is obviously accelerated; Explain that the prepared mixed fermentation maize straw production probio pellet of the present invention can effectively improve animal growth rate, effectively raises the digestible energy and the crude protein content of maize straw fermented feed.
2, to produce the used raw material of pellet simple for fermented maize stalk of the present invention, and cost of manufacture is low, and corn stalk powder, wheat bran, corn flour and water are only arranged, and wide material sources are simple to operate, and product is convenient to storage and transportation, can carry out scale and produce in a large number.Used aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bafillus natto is the feed level microbe additive bacterial classification of the directly feeding animals of regulation in December, 2008 No. 1126 bulletins of China Ministry of Agriculture " feed addictive kind catalogue (2008) " among the present invention; Directly nutrition purposes, especially for feeding animals has guaranteed the security of feed.
3, the present invention is the method that a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw is produced the probio pellet; When feed granulating, adopt cold granulator; Cold granulator can carry out granulation to fermented feed at normal temperatures, has avoided the decline of the beneficial bacterium vigor in the fermented feed in the high temperature granulation process.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The processing of step 1, maize straw: it is dry and do not have the maize straw that goes mouldy and be crushed to 1mm to get new harvesting;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potato dextrose agar, and its concrete compound method is to get potato 200 grams; Be cut into small pieces; Add 1000 milliliters in water and boiled 30 minutes, potato ball is removed with filtered through gauze in the cooling back, in filtrating, adds glucose 20 grams and is stirred to dissolving fully; Moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: with 20 gram glucose, 5 gram peptones and 5 gram beef extracts add 50 ml waters, and fully dissolving back water is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2 ring black-koji mould filaments and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 200 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2 ring saccharomyces cerevisiaes and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 ℃, 100 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2 ring bafillus nattos and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 ℃, 150 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
In container, add maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that above-mentioned steps one is pulverized respectively; Stir; Obtain mixture, the quality that makes wherein maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water is 35%, 2%, 3% and 60%, 21 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 30 minutes of mixture gross mass respectively; Prepare fermentation medium, subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation and fermentation
The aspergillus niger strain that step 2 is prepared, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3; Inoculum concentration is 1% of fermentation medium quality; Cultivated 3 days with 28 ℃ then, the back mixture obtains fermenting.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
Adding corn flour and water are mixed with feed in the mixture in step 4 after the fermentation; Corn flour and water addition are 18% and 20% of preparation back feed gross mass; Abundant stirring and evenly mixing; The running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 4 millimeters of die throat diameters, 20 millimeters of the distances of blade and template are granulated.
Embodiment 2
The processing of step 1, maize straw: it is dry and do not have the maize straw that goes mouldy and be crushed to 5mm to get new harvesting;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potato dextrose agar, and its concrete compound method is to get potato 200 grams; Be cut into small pieces; Add 1000 milliliters in water and boiled 30 minutes, potato ball is removed with filtered through gauze in the cooling back, in filtrating, adds glucose 20 grams and is stirred to dissolving fully; Moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: with 20 gram glucose, 5 gram peptones and 5 gram beef extracts add 100 ml waters, fully add water after the dissolving and are settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 3 ring black-koji mould filaments and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 200 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiaes and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 ℃, 100 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 3 ring bafillus nattos and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 ℃, 150 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
In container, add maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that above-mentioned steps one is pulverized respectively; Stir; Obtain mixture, the quality that makes wherein maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water is 29%, 5%, 6% and 60%, 21 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 30 minutes of mixture gross mass respectively; Prepare fermentation medium, subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation and fermentation
The aspergillus niger strain that step 2 is prepared, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3; Inoculum concentration is 5% of fermentation medium quality; Cultivated 3-8 days with 28 ℃ then, the back mixture obtains fermenting.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
Adding corn flour and water are mixed with feed in the mixture in step 4 after the fermentation; Corn flour and water addition are 25% and 30% of preparation back feed gross mass; Abundant stirring and evenly mixing; The running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 6 millimeters of die throat diameters, 30 millimeters of the distances of blade and template are granulated.
Embodiment 3
The processing of step 1, maize straw: it is dry and do not have the maize straw that goes mouldy and be crushed to 3mm to get new harvesting;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potato dextrose agar, and its concrete compound method is to get potato 200 grams; Be cut into small pieces; Add 1000 milliliters in water and boiled 30 minutes, potato ball is removed with filtered through gauze in the cooling back, in filtrating, adds glucose 20 grams and is stirred to dissolving fully; Moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: with 20 gram glucose, 5 gram peptones and 5 gram beef extracts add 80 ml waters, and fully dissolving back water is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 ℃ of sterilizations 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 200 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 100 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring bafillus natto and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed, 28 ℃, 150 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
In container, add maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that above-mentioned steps one is pulverized respectively; Stir; Obtain mixture, the quality that makes wherein maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water is 30%, 4%, 5% and 60%, 21 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 30 minutes of mixture gross mass respectively; Prepare fermentation medium, subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation and fermentation
The aspergillus niger strain that step 2 is prepared, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3; Inoculum concentration is 3% of fermentation medium quality; Cultivated 5 days with 28 ℃ then, the back mixture obtains fermenting.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
Adding corn flour and water are mixed with feed in the mixture in step 4 after the fermentation; Corn flour and water addition are 20% and 25% of preparation back feed gross mass; Abundant stirring and evenly mixing; The running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 5 millimeters of die throat diameters, 25 millimeters of the distances of blade and template are granulated.
The count plate experiment:
Viable count to saccharomyces cerevisiae in the prepared probio pellet and bafillus natto carries out analysis of accounts, to evaluate the effect of this pellet.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bafillus natto count plate method all adopt colony counting method, and wherein the plating medium of saccharomyces cerevisiae employing is a potato dextrose agar, and the culture medium that bafillus natto adopts is: peptone 5 grams; Beef extract 3 grams; Sodium chloride, 5 grams; Agar 15 grams, distilled water is transferred PH to 7.0 for 1000 milliliters.Through plate count, the viable count result of pellet sees the following form among the embodiment 2.
The pellet count plate is table as a result:
The animal feeding experiment:
Prepared probio pellet is carried out the animal feeding experiment.
10 of the piglets of essentially identical 45 ages in days of the condition of choosing are divided into 2 groups at random, the above-mentioned two kinds of DIFFERENT FEED of throwing something and feeding respectively, and after experiment in 30 days, the weightening finish result of each group sees the following form.
The weightening finish of nursing DIFFERENT FEED piglet is table as a result:
Claims (6)
1. a mixed fermentation maize straw is produced the method for probio pellet, and it is characterized in that: its concrete preparation process is:
The processing of step 1, maize straw: it is dry and do not have the maize straw that goes mouldy and be crushed to 1mm-5mm to get new harvesting;
The maize straw that step 2, step 1 are pulverized mixes with wheat bran, corn flour and water; Stir; Obtain mixture, wherein the quality of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water accounts for 25%-40%, 2%-5%, 3%-6% and 60%, 21 ℃ of high pressure steam sterilization 30 minutes of mixture gross mass respectively; Prepare fermentation medium, subsequent use;
Step 3, the aspergillus niger strain that will pass through enlarged culture, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification and bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 2; Inoculum concentration is the 1%-5% of fermentation medium quality; Cultivated 3-8 days at 28 ℃ then, the back mixture obtains fermenting;
Adding corn flour and water are mixed with feed in step 4, the mixture in step 3 after the fermentation; Corn flour and water addition are the 18%-25% and the 20%-30% of preparation back feed gross mass; Abundant stirring and evenly mixing; The running parameter that cold granulator is set is: die throat diameter 4-6 millimeter, blade and template apart from the 20-30 millimeter, granulate.
2. a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 1 is produced the method for probio pellet; It is characterized in that: the enlarged culture method of described aspergillus niger strain is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 200 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
3. a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 1 is produced the method for probio pellet; It is characterized in that: the enlarged culture method of described saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 ℃, 100 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
4. the method for producing the probio pellets like claim 2 or 3 described a kind of mixed fermentation maize straws; It is characterized in that: the preparation method of described potato dextrose agar is: get potato 200 grams, be cut into small pieces, add 1000 milliliters in water and boiled 30 minutes; Potato ball is removed with filtered through gauze in the cooling back; In filtrating, add glucose 20 grams and be stirred to dissolving fully, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter was sterilized 20 minutes for 121 ℃.
5. a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 1 is produced the method for probio pellet; It is characterized in that: the enlarged culture method of described bafillus natto bacterial classification is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation; Scrape with oese and to get 2-3 ring bafillus natto and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed, 28 ℃, 150 rev/mins constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours.
6. a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 5 is produced the method for probio pellet; It is characterized in that: the preparation method of the bacterium culture medium of described cultivation bafillus natto is: with 20 gram glucose; 5 gram peptones and 5 gram beef extracts add the 50-100 ml water; Fully add water after the dissolving and be settled to 1000 milliliters, sterilized 20 minutes for 121 ℃.
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| CN104621400A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-20 | 河南科技大学 | Fattening feed for house-feeding sheep and preparation method thereof |
| CN105432985A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 贵州智慧鑫农农业开发有限公司 | Roughage for cattle and sheep and making method thereof |
| CN105695378A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-06-22 | 韩炳鑫 | Compound enzyme preparation for producing reducing glucose by means of degraded corn stalk |
| CN106858146A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-20 | 吉林省民昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of solid fermentation stalk chicken feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106962617A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-21 | 惠州市智农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cold granulation feed of microbial fermentation |
| CN106978456A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-25 | 惠州市智农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism digests soybean protein |
| CN106962617B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-05-18 | 惠州市智农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cold granulation feed of microbial fermentation |
| CN106978456B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-06-19 | 惠州市智农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of microorganism digests soybean protein |
| CN106858146A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-20 | 吉林省民昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of solid fermentation stalk chicken feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107048031A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 吉林省民昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of solid fermentation straw feed for pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN108713633A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-30 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | The preparation method of millet straw feed |
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| CN102696865B (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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