CN102696865B - Method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for producing probiotic bacteria granular feed by fermenting corn straw with mixed strain. The method comprises the steps of pulverizing newly harvested and dried corn straw to 1-5 mm; adding bran, corn flour and water, wherein mass contents of the bran, the corn flour and water are 2-5%, 3-6% and 60% of total weight of prepared feed respectively, and mixing; high-pressure sterilizing to obtain fermentation culture medium; inoculating Aspergillus niger, brewing yeast and Bacillus natto; performing mixed fermentation; adding corn flour and water, wherein mass contents of the corn flour and water are 18-25% and 20-30% of total weight of prepared feed respectively, and fully mixing; setting working parameters of a cold granulating machine as: mold hole diameter of 4-6 mm, and distance between a cutter blade and a mold plate of 20-30 mm; and granulating. The granular feed has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, high probiotic bacteria content, and rich nutrients; can effectively improve animal immunity, reduce disease occurrence, and improve quality of livestock and poultry products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to produce the method for feed, a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw is produced the method for probiotic granulate feed specifically.
Background technology
Maize straw contains more than 30% carbohydrate, 2%～5% protein and 0.5%～1% fat, the quality raw materials of producing feed, but the utilization rate of maize straw is extremely low at present, most of maize straw is burned by random abandoning even, not only causes environmental pollution but also causes a large amount of wastes of resource.Traditional method of utilizing maize straw nutrition purposes, especially for feeding animals mainly contains: after pulverizing, add water and stir the method for directly nursing and the method for ammonification processing.Stir the method for directly feeding for crushing and water-adding, animal is extremely low to the absorptivity of nutriment, although the stalk of ammonification processing has improved the absorptivity of feed, because the restriction of its product performance and preparation method is not suitable for large-scale industrial production.CN101720850A has announced a kind of biological stalk (straw) feed, although this fermentation process has improved the nutritive value of stalk to a certain extent, still can not solve storage and the transportation problem of straw feed.CN102132762A has announced a kind of straw feed and preparation method thereof, and the method is by the aerobic step anaerobic fermentation of two steps, and complicated operation and fermentation time are long.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of the problems referred to above; provide a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw to produce the method for probiotic granulate feed; the present invention adopts aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and three kinds of bacterium of bafillus natto to carry out mixed fermentation to maize straw; be made into pellet by cold granulator; prepared feed has higher nutritive value; can effectively improve the immunity of animal, reduce disease and occur, improve the quality of animal products.
Bacterial classification used in the present invention is aspergillus niger CICC 41254, saccharomyces cerevisiae CICC 1252 and the bafillus natto CICC20132 being bought by Chinese industrial microorganism fungus kind preservation center.
Mixed fermentation maize straw is produced a method for probiotic granulate feed, and its concrete preparation process is:
The processing of step 1, maize straw: get new harvesting corn stalk powder dry and that nothing is gone mouldy and be broken to 1mm-5mm;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is potato dextrose agar, its concrete compound method is, get 200 grams of potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 30 minutes, coolingly remove potato ball by filtered through gauze afterwards, dissolve to adding 20 grams of glucose to be stirred to completely in filtrate, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: by 20 grams of glucose, 5 grams of peptones and 5 grams of beef extracts add 50-100 ml water, and after fully dissolving, water is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 200 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 100 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring bafillus natto.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
To the maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that add respectively above-mentioned steps one to pulverize in container, stir, obtain mixture, make wherein quality 25%-40%, 2%-5%, the 3%-6% and 60% of mixture gross mass respectively of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes, prepare fermentation medium, for subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation fermentation
Aspergillus niger strain prepared step 2, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3, inoculum concentration is the 1%-5% of fermentation medium quality, then cultivate 3-8 days, mixture after obtaining fermenting at 28 DEG C.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
In the mixture after fermentation in step 4, add corn flour and water to be mixed with feed; corn flour and water addition are 18%-25% and the 20%-30% of feed gross mass after preparation; fully stir and evenly mix; the running parameter that cold granulator is set is: die throat diameter 4-6 millimeter; the distance 20-30 millimeter of blade and template, granulates.
Beneficial effect
1, the present invention's selected employing aspergillus niger CICC 41254, bafillus natto and three kinds of Mixed Microbes of saccharomyces cerevisiae in manufacturing process are fermented to maize straw, these three kinds of bacterial classifications are selected after great many of experiments bacterial classification is in conjunction with coupling, than a kind of bacterium of independent use or select other strain fermentations effective; Aspergillus niger can produce protease, phytase, pectase, and these enzymes can effectively promote the absorption of animal to feed nutrition; Experimental result shows to be used in conjunction with bafillus natto and saccharomyces cerevisiae that it is satisfactory for result, and prepared Feed Energy efficiently promotes animal growth.Wherein count plate experiment shows that the fermented stalk feed of producing by the inventive method contains a large amount of active probiotic compositions, increase this feed nutritive value, can effectively adjust the balance of profitable strain in animal intestinal, improve the absorption rate of animal to feed, strengthen the immunity of animal, reduce disease and occur, improve the quality of animal products; Animal feeding experiment shows that the animal growth rate after invention forage feed obviously accelerates, illustrate that the prepared mixed fermentation maize straw production probiotic granulate Feed Energy of the present invention effectively improves animal growth rate, effectively raises digestible energy and the crude protein content of maize straw fermented feed.
2, to produce pellet raw material used simple for fermented maize stalk of the present invention, and cost of manufacture is low, only has corn stalk powder, wheat bran, corn flour and water, and wide material sources are simple to operate, and product is convenient to storage and transport, can carry out scale and produce in a large number.In the present invention aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae and bafillus natto used be regulation in December, 2008 No. 1126, the Ministry of Agriculture of China bulletin " feed addictive kind catalogue (2008) " can Direct-fed animal feed level microbe additive bacterial classification, directly nutrition purposes, especially for feeding animals, has ensured the security of feed.
3, the present invention is a kind of method that mixed fermentation maize straw is produced probiotic granulate feed; in the time of feed granulating, adopt cold granulator; cold granulator can carry out granulation to fermented feed at normal temperatures, has avoided the decline of the beneficial bacterium vigor in fermented feed in high temperature granulation process.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
The processing of step 1, maize straw: get new harvesting corn stalk powder dry and that nothing is gone mouldy and be broken to 1mm;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is potato dextrose agar, its concrete compound method is, get 200 grams of potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 30 minutes, coolingly remove potato ball by filtered through gauze afterwards, dissolve to adding 20 grams of glucose to be stirred to completely in filtrate, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: by 20 grams of glucose, 5 grams of peptones and 5 grams of beef extracts add 50 ml waters, and after fully dissolving, water is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle black-koji mould filament by oese scraping 2 and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 DEG C, 200 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle saccharomyces cerevisiae by oese scraping 2 and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 DEG C, 100 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that bafillus natto is inoculated in the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours by oese scraping 2.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
To the maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that add respectively above-mentioned steps one to pulverize in container, stir, obtain mixture, make the wherein quality of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water distinguish 35%, 2%, 3% and 60% of mixture gross mass, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes, prepare fermentation medium, for subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation fermentation
Aspergillus niger strain prepared step 2, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3, inoculum concentration is 1% of fermentation medium quality, then cultivate 3 days mixture after obtaining fermenting with 28 DEG C.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
In the mixture after fermentation in step 4, add corn flour and water to be mixed with feed; corn flour and water addition are 18% and 20% of the rear feed gross mass of preparation; fully stir and evenly mix; the running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 4 millimeters of die throat diameters; 20 millimeters of the distances of blade and template, granulate.
Embodiment 2
The processing of step 1, maize straw: get new harvesting corn stalk powder dry and that nothing is gone mouldy and be broken to 5mm;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is potato dextrose agar, its concrete compound method is, get 200 grams of potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 30 minutes, coolingly remove potato ball by filtered through gauze afterwards, dissolve to adding 20 grams of glucose to be stirred to completely in filtrate, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: by 20 grams of glucose, 5 grams of peptones and 5 grams of beef extracts add 100 ml waters, adds water and is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes after fully dissolving.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle black-koji mould filament by oese scraping 3 and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 DEG C, 200 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle saccharomyces cerevisiae by oese scraping 3 and be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed, 28 DEG C, 100 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, encircle in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that bafillus natto is inoculated in the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours by oese scraping 3.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
To the maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that add respectively above-mentioned steps one to pulverize in container, stir, obtain mixture, make the wherein quality of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water distinguish 29%, 5%, 6% and 60% of mixture gross mass, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes, prepare fermentation medium, for subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation fermentation
Aspergillus niger strain prepared step 2, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3, inoculum concentration is 5% of fermentation medium quality, then cultivate 3-8 days, mixture after obtaining fermenting with 28 DEG C.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
In the mixture after fermentation in step 4, add corn flour and water to be mixed with feed; corn flour and water addition are 25% and 30% of the rear feed gross mass of preparation; fully stir and evenly mix; the running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 6 millimeters of die throat diameters; 30 millimeters of the distances of blade and template, granulate.
Embodiment 3
The processing of step 1, maize straw: get new harvesting corn stalk powder dry and that nothing is gone mouldy and be broken to 3mm;
The preparation of step 2, fermented bacterium
(1) preparation of bacterium culture medium
The bacterium culture medium of aspergillus niger and saccharomyces cerevisiae is potato dextrose agar, its concrete compound method is, get 200 grams of potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 30 minutes, coolingly remove potato ball by filtered through gauze afterwards, dissolve to adding 20 grams of glucose to be stirred to completely in filtrate, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes; The bacterium culture medium compound method of bafillus natto is: by 20 grams of glucose, 5 grams of peptones and 5 grams of beef extracts add 80 ml waters, and after fully dissolving, water is settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes.
(2) preparation of bacterial classification
A. the preparation of aspergillus niger strain: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 200 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament;
B. the preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 100 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae;
C. the preparation of bafillus natto bacterial classification: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring bafillus natto.
The preparation of step 3, fermentation medium
To the maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and the water that add respectively above-mentioned steps one to pulverize in container, stir, obtain mixture, make the wherein quality of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water distinguish 30%, 4%, 5% and 60% of mixture gross mass, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes, prepare fermentation medium, for subsequent use;
Step 4, inoculation fermentation
Aspergillus niger strain prepared step 2, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification, bafillus natto bacterial classification are inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 3, inoculum concentration is 3% of fermentation medium quality, then cultivate 5 days mixture after obtaining fermenting with 28 DEG C.
The granulating and forming of step 5, feed
In the mixture after fermentation in step 4, add corn flour and water to be mixed with feed; corn flour and water addition are 20% and 25% of the rear feed gross mass of preparation; fully stir and evenly mix; the running parameter that cold granulator is set is: 5 millimeters of die throat diameters; 25 millimeters of the distances of blade and template, granulate.
Count plate experiment:
Viable count to the saccharomyces cerevisiae in prepared probiotic granulate feed and bafillus natto carries out analysis of accounts, to evaluate the effect of this pellet.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bafillus natto count plate method all adopt colony counting method, the plating medium that wherein saccharomyces cerevisiae adopts is potato dextrose agar, the culture medium that bafillus natto adopts is: 5 grams of peptones, 3 grams of beef extracts, sodium chloride, 5 grams, 15 grams, agar, 1000 milliliters of tune PH to 7.0 of distilled water.By plate count, in embodiment 2, the viable count of pellet the results are shown in following table.
Pellet count plate result table:
Animal feeding experiment:
Prepared probiotic granulate feed is carried out to animal feeding experiment.
10 of the piglets of essentially identical 45 ages in days of the condition of choosing, are divided into 2 groups at random, the above-mentioned two kinds of DIFFERENT FEED of throwing something and feeding respectively, and after experiment in 30 days, the weightening finish of each group the results are shown in following table.
Feed the weightening finish result table of DIFFERENT FEED piglet:
Claims (3)
1. mixed fermentation maize straw is produced a method for probiotic granulate feed, it is characterized in that: its concrete preparation process is:
The processing of step 1, maize straw: get new harvesting corn stalk powder dry and that nothing is gone mouldy and be broken to 1mm-5mm;
The maize straw that step 2, step 1 are pulverized mixes with wheat bran, corn flour and water, stir, obtain mixture, wherein the quality of maize straw, wheat bran, corn flour and water accounts for respectively 29%-35%, 2%-5%, the 3%-6% and 60% of mixture gross mass, 121 DEG C of high pressure steam sterilizations 30 minutes, prepare fermentation medium, for subsequent use;
Step 3, aspergillus niger strain, saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification and the bafillus natto bacterial classification that will cultivate through expansion be inoculated in respectively in the prepared fermentation medium of step 2, inoculum concentration is the 1%-5% of fermentation medium quality, then cultivate 3-8 days, mixture after obtaining fermenting at 28 DEG C;
Step 4, in the mixture after fermentation in step 3, add corn flour and water to be mixed with feed, corn flour and water addition are 18%-25% and the 20%-30% of feed gross mass after preparation, fully stir and evenly mix, the running parameter that cold granulator is set is: die throat diameter 4-6 millimeter, the distance 20-30 millimeter of blade and template, granulates;
The expansion cultural method of described aspergillus niger strain is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 100 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 200 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring black-koji mould filament;
The expansion cultural method of described saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial classification is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks that 250 milliliters of potato dextrose agars are housed 28 DEG C, 100 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring saccharomyces cerevisiae;
The preparation method of described potato dextrose agar is: get 200 grams of potatos, be cut into small pieces, add water 1000 milliliters and boil 30 minutes, coolingly remove potato ball by filtered through gauze afterwards, in filtrate, add 20 grams of glucose to be stirred to dissolving completely, moisturizing to 1000 milliliter, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes.
2. the method that a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 1 is produced probiotic granulate feed, it is characterized in that: the expansion cultural method of described bafillus natto bacterial classification is: from the bacterial classification on the inclined-plane of preservation, be inoculated in 500 milliliters of triangular flasks of the bacterium culture medium that 250 milliliters of bafillus nattos are housed 28 DEG C, 150 revs/min constant-temperature shaking culture 48 hours with oese scraping 2-3 ring bafillus natto.
3. the method that a kind of mixed fermentation maize straw as claimed in claim 2 is produced probiotic granulate feed, it is characterized in that: the preparation method of the bacterium culture medium of described bafillus natto is: by 20 grams of glucose, 5 grams of peptones and 5 grams of beef extracts add 50-100 ml water, after fully dissolving, add water and be settled to 1000 milliliters, 121 DEG C of sterilizings 20 minutes.
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| CN103392918B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-06-24 | 李耀曾 | Crop straw protein feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104621400A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-20 | 河南科技大学 | Fattening feed for house-feeding sheep and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105695378A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-06-22 | 韩炳鑫 | Compound enzyme preparation for producing reducing glucose by means of degraded corn stalk |
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| CN106962617B (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-05-18 | 惠州市智农生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cold granulation feed of microbial fermentation |
| CN107048031A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-18 | 吉林省民昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of solid fermentation straw feed for pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN106858146A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-06-20 | 吉林省民昌农业科技有限公司 | A kind of solid fermentation stalk chicken feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108713633A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-10-30 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | The preparation method of millet straw feed |
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