CN102695471A - 用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法 - Google Patents

用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法 Download PDF

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CN102695471A
CN102695471A CN2010800380763A CN201080038076A CN102695471A CN 102695471 A CN102695471 A CN 102695471A CN 2010800380763 A CN2010800380763 A CN 2010800380763A CN 201080038076 A CN201080038076 A CN 201080038076A CN 102695471 A CN102695471 A CN 102695471A
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斯特凡·沃尔茨
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04—Metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
    • B22F1/147—Making a dispersion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
    • B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
    • B22F3/1025—Removal of binder or filler not by heating only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49567—Dental appliance making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49567—Dental appliance making
    • Y10T29/49568—Orthodontic device making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/303752—Process

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法，其中，可以使用现有的CAD/CAM铣床。主要的方法步骤包括：a)制备牙科用金属粉末的粉浆，b)将该粉浆注入模具内，c)去除(干燥)悬浮液(水)，直至形成机械上稳定的坯料，d)将坯料铣削成所希望的立体形状，e)无氧烧结由坯料铣出的假牙部件。因为坯料仍作为生胎存在，所以铣削对铣床没有太高的要求，这一点与机械强度和粉尘形成相关。常用铣床的工作速度和寿命因此得到很大提高。

Description

用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法。本发明意义上的假牙部件特别是指牙桥支架和牙冠盖以及成品义齿。
背景技术
为制造金属的假牙部件，牙科技术中一如既往地主要使用熔蜡法，其中在工作模型上塑造蜡模，其形状相当于所要浇铸的物体。利用该蜡模在铸模内形成空腔，随后以金属浇铸。这种方法非常高消耗并要求许多手工操作技巧。
出于此原因已经提出了几种方法，这些方法不是利用熔融金属，而是利用烧结的金属粉末工作。出于各种原因，这些方法没有一种付诸实用。
但EP 1 885 278 B1(Wolz)中公开了一种有成功希望的方法。在这种情况下，通过电泳由悬浮液在模型上沉积金属层，其中，所沉积的金属层在烧结时借助以下方式稳定，即，将其要么固定在燃烧架上，要么将其保留在所复制的模型上，要么嵌入以填料或耐高温粉末填充的马弗炉内。
除了用金属制造假牙部件外，公知全陶瓷的假牙的制造，其覆盖约10％的牙科市场。一种常用的方法在于，由陶瓷(特别是氧化锆)组成的、均衡地预压制的块利用CAD/CAM技术铣出支架。在此，扫描患者的全副牙齿或工作模型，并在所扫描的模型基础上铣削支架。利用这种方法也可以由实心的金属块铣出假牙部件。此外，这种方法的一个较大缺点在于，铣削陶瓷产生粉尘并对铣床提出很高的机械要求。简单地说，廉价的铣床因此寿命过短。即使是投资成本经常超出一般牙科实验室经济能力的费用较高的铣床，还要要求不合理的维护费用。出于这种原因，许多牙科实验室已经停用铣床。
发明内容
权利要求1中所给出的发明的目的在于，能够使用牙科实验室中现有的铣床用于加工金属的假牙部件，其质量与牙科医生的要求相当。
具体实施方式
下面借助由CrCo合金组成的假牙部件的制造对本发明进行详细说明。但本发明并不局限于CrCo合金，而是可以在其他所有NE合金和贵金属合金中应用。
本发明从CrCo牙科用金属粉末的粉浆出发。在EP 1 885 278 B1(Wolz)中第一次介绍了牙科用金属粉浆的制造。得到改进的CrCo粉浆以WOLCERAM CrCo-粉浆的名称有售，在这里使用这种粉浆。该粉浆由98个重量百分点的CrCo粉末和2个重量百分点的带有少量的有机化合物和防腐剂附加物的水(悬浮液)组成。使用这种粉浆之前，迫切建议对粉浆进行调理，以防止结块。为此相应装置在德国专利文献DE 10 2005 023 737 B4(Wolz)中有所公开。调理后填充由硅橡胶组成的模具，以便制造具有95mm直径和20mm厚度的圆片。粉浆的、成为可以使用的坯料(生胎)的凝固在模具内通过干燥进行。为确保粉浆内不存在气泡，还要在6bar下执行加压处理，通过该加压处理从粉浆中挤出空气。随后干燥过程以如下方式进行，即，模具在65℃中、在干燥柜中、干燥7小时。干燥也可以在真空和/或压力下执行。值得推荐的是，模具底部具有吸水层(例如吸水纸)地设计，以便水不仅可以在粉浆的表面处，而且也可以在底面处逸出。由此降低产生的含水量上的浓度梯度，这防止在表面处不含水的辅料脱离。干燥的结果是与坯料的模具相应的片状生坯，对其在常用的CAD/CAM铣床上进行加工。由实心的坯料(生坯)从两面铣出约30个还通过接片连接着的假牙部件。在去除接片后，出现30个假牙部件。与由金属片铣削相反，在本方法中，接片的去除和连接部位的剖光很容易进行，因为该材料还相当软。
所获得的胎质假牙部件随后经受无氧烧结。为此将它们装入烧结炉内，如在较早的专利申请10 2009 037 737.9(申请日期2009.08.17)中所公开的烧结炉。胎质CrCo假牙部件的烧结在1190℃中进行，并持续45分钟。为排除氧气2.51/min地导入氩气。烧结的结果是由CrCo金属组成的金属光泽的假牙部件，如通常那样，对其还可以进行饰面。不言而喻，烧结时产生的收缩必须通过相应的CAM/CAD程序补偿。
烧结过的制品证实有以下特性。化学成分经发射光谱学测定。
Figure BDA0000138559110000031
技术数据：
Figure BDA0000138559110000032
标准：ISO 9693：1999；ISO 22674：2006；ISO 10993-5：1999
因为有些铣床利用水作为冷却剂工作，所以若原材料仍为水溶性的则可能出现问题。在坯料经250℃-400℃、2-3小时的退火(Temperung)后，材料可以在存在水的情况下毫无困难地铣削。材料于是在含水环境中稳定。

Claims (5)

1.用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法，其特征在于下列方法步骤：a)制备牙科用金属粉末的粉浆，b)将该粉浆注入模具内，c)从所注入的粉浆中去除悬浮液，直至形成机械上稳定的坯料，d)将所述坯料铣削成所希望的立体形状，e)无氧烧结由所述坯料铣出的假牙部件。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述悬浮液是水，将其通过干燥去除。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述悬浮液的去除也在所述模具的底部上通过吸附层进行。
4.按权利要求1-3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述牙科用金属粉末由CrCo合金组成。
5.按权利要求1-4之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述坯料在250℃至500℃的温度中退火。
CN201080038076.3A 2009-08-27 2010-07-30 用于由牙科用金属粉末制造假牙部件的方法 Active CN102695471B (zh)

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