WO2016023470A1 - 牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法 - Google Patents

牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016023470A1
WO2016023470A1 PCT/CN2015/086670 CN2015086670W WO2016023470A1 WO 2016023470 A1 WO2016023470 A1 WO 2016023470A1 CN 2015086670 W CN2015086670 W CN 2015086670W WO 2016023470 A1 WO2016023470 A1 WO 2016023470A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ceramic
dental
restoration
wax type
block
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PCT/CN2015/086670
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈志坚
赵静
Original Assignee
杭州而然科技有限公司
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201410392647.3A external-priority patent/CN104434328B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201410392661.3A external-priority patent/CN104434329B/zh
Application filed by 杭州而然科技有限公司 filed Critical 杭州而然科技有限公司
Priority to EP15831452.6A priority Critical patent/EP3181090B1/en
Priority to US15/503,149 priority patent/US10507090B2/en
Publication of WO2016023470A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016023470A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/081—Making teeth by casting or moulding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0022—Blanks or green, unfinished dental restoration parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0028—Instruments or appliances for wax-shaping or wax-removing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/225—Fastening prostheses in the mouth
    • A61C13/26—Dentures without palates; Partial dentures, e.g. bridges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/225—Fastening prostheses in the mouth
    • A61C13/30—Fastening of peg-teeth in the mouth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/34—Making or working of models, e.g. preliminary castings, trial dentures; Dowel pins [4]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/20—Repairing attrition damage, e.g. facets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/30—Securing inlays, onlays or crowns
    • A61C5/35—Pins; Mounting tools or dispensers therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/70—Tooth crowns; Making thereof
    • A61C5/77—Methods or devices for making crowns
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0012—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the material or composition, e.g. ceramics, surface layer, metal alloy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
    • A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/802—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
    • A61K6/818—Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics comprising zirconium oxide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of dental ceramic materials, in particular to a dental all-ceramic restoration and a preparation method thereof.
  • the shape of the prosthesis is obtained according to the characteristics of the selected materials, and then the dental prosthesis having a personalized shape is obtained.
  • This invention reduces the reliance on complex handcrafted prostheses that have accumulated over the years, improves the accuracy and reliability of prosthesis fabrication, and the pain of patient traumatic tissue.
  • CAD/CAM technology and machinable repair materials especially the development of machinable ceramic materials, the development and application of dental all-ceramic restorations have been further promoted.
  • machinable ceramic blocks According to the compactness of machinable ceramic blocks, they can be divided into two categories: silicate-based glass and glass ceramics, hard alumina and hard zirconia ceramic blocks, and the prefabricated ceramic blocks are clamped in CNC milling.
  • the shaped restoration On the workbench of the grinding center, according to the "computer wax type” processing, the shaped restoration is obtained; the other is dry-formed and partially sintered porous alumina and zirconia ceramic blocks, which are pre-made ceramic blocks.
  • the "computer wax type” is scaled and processed according to the known sintering shrinkage rate of the material, and the restoration body body is densely sintered by secondary sintering to obtain a shaped restoration.
  • a support column also called a support body, a connecting rod, a connecting body, a connector, a connecting piece, etc.
  • the technician manually cuts the dental restoration body from the remaining block and manually polishes the remaining part of the support column and the vicinity of the connection point on the surface of the dental restoration body with a dental low-speed mobile phone (as shown in FIG. 1). ).
  • Manual removal of the support column increases the technician's workload, reduces the automated processing advantages of CAD/CAM technology, and reduces the surface finish of the area near the joint surface of the restoration, affects the aesthetic performance of the restoration, and accelerates the pigmentation of the restoration surface. Even discolored, rough surfaces can cause excessive wear on adjacent teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to polish and polish the surface of the repaired body after manually removing the support column.
  • the thin part of the prosthesis may be cracked due to vibration, especially the edge of the prosthesis; manual grinding will introduce local stress and microscopic defects on the external surface of the repair, reducing the long-term stability and reliability of the prosthesis, and even leading to Premature rupture of the restoration and failure to repair.
  • the dental restoration has two surfaces of the inner surface and the outer surface.
  • the prefabricated block is processed by two sides in a multi-axis milling process, and the dental restoration body is completed in one step. Forming.
  • the dental restoration body is made by milling the prefabricated block by a CNC milling machining center, and a support column (also called a support body, a connecting rod, a connecting body, a connector, a tab, etc.) must be provided.
  • This is a conventional method of making dental restorations using the CAD/CAM techniques described in the prior art.
  • the porcelain crown base body including the crown and the bridge is pre-sintered, and the crown and the support rod of the bridge during milling and grinding are manually removed.
  • EP2010061119 and CN102695471A about 30 denture parts connected by denture components connected via tabs of are cut out from two sides by a solid blank (green body), and 30 dentures appear after removing the tabs. component.
  • a larger-sized preform block is invented, and Figure 2 of the invention shows the use of a support column to join the dental restoration body and the peripheral block during processing.
  • a novel glass, glass ceramic material and a dental component thereof are invented. In Fig.
  • a support column is attached to the dental restoration body and the peripheral mass during processing. Therefore, after the support column is manually removed, the surface of the repaired body needs to be polished, glazed and the like.
  • the zirconia prosthesis is separated from the porcelain plate as described in CN102579148A and CN102302381A, and the support column on both sides of the zirconia crown is trimmed by a dental low-speed mobile phone.
  • the speed of the dental low-speed mobile phone is in the range of 10000-20000r/min, and at the same time, in order to make the crown
  • the surface is smoother and the crown surface is sanded.
  • the formed dental prosthesis cannot be directly applied clinically, must be manually polished by a technician, and/or decorated with porcelain, glazing, etc., and can be used for clinical applications.
  • the prior art brings the above disadvantages.
  • the reason is that during the manufacturing process of the dental restoration body, the milled prefabricated ceramic block is a dry ceramic block, and the formed dental restoration has a rough surface, which not only affects the appearance, but more importantly, it also works with the natural tooth.
  • Over-wearing of natural teeth during grinding (Oh WS, et al. Factors affecting enamel and ceramic wear: A literature review. J Prosthet Dent, 2002, 87(4): 451-9; L. Wang, et al.
  • Prefabricated ceramic blocks generally include unsintered green and partially sintered ceramic blocks.
  • the unsintered green body has certain plasticity, and can produce a certain degree of plastic deformation during processing, reducing the risk of accidental collapse.
  • the surface of the dental restoration obtained by milling the green body is smoother than that obtained by milling the partially sintered ceramic block, but because the plastic body is completely dry and the plastic deformation is limited and the strength is insufficient, it is difficult to withstand the large milling force.
  • the technician can manually polish the polishing or glaze the porcelain to deliver the restoration to the clinical application.
  • the above problems are present once dried into the conventionally used green body and the partially sintered ceramic block.
  • the dental restoration is polished or glazed after sintering is completed.
  • the dental restoration prepared by the prior art has a rough surface and must be polished or glazed to achieve a smooth surface.
  • the prior art cannot produce a high surface smoothness and can be directly used for dental restoration.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a dental all-ceramic prosthesis and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the dental all-ceramic prosthesis provided by the present invention has no supporting column connection points on the outer surface and no local wear scars. And cracking, smooth surface, uniform structure and high reliability.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration provided by the invention has high surface smoothness and can be directly used without polishing or glazing.
  • the method for manufacturing the dental all-ceramic prosthesis does not adopt the prior art two-side milling prefabricated porcelain block, and the step of forming the prosthesis blank body in one step, but adopts the step milling process to obtain the plan for forming the prosthesis body.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration body body is connected to the surrounding model block or porcelain block without a support column, thereby avoiding manual removal of the support column to separate and form the restoration body body and surrounding porcelain blocks, and grinding the support column.
  • the excessively rough repair of the polishing process on the outer surface reduces the risk of failure of the prosthesis to collapse and premature rupture.
  • “Smooth surface” is the degree of smoothness of the surface of an object viewed from the perspective of human beings, expressed by surface roughness.
  • the “friction coefficient” is the ratio of the friction between the two surfaces and the vertical force acting on one surface thereof, which is related to the roughness of the surface, regardless of the size of the contact area.
  • “Dry forming” refers to a method of forming a dry ceramic powder by pressurization, increasing the bulk density of the particles with or without adding a small amount of an organic binder, and simultaneously forming the film.
  • “Wet forming” refers to a method of increasing the bulk density of ceramic powder particles with the aid of a liquid medium while achieving forming.
  • the ceramic powder can form a plastic blank having good processing properties with the aid of the liquid medium, and can further achieve the forming purpose by plastic deformation.
  • Wet forming usually requires the addition of a small amount of organic additives to achieve the purpose of powder dispersion suspension and green body plasticization, which is the basic common sense in the industry.
  • Plant refers to the state in which the ceramic is not sintered after it is formed, and can be defined by observing the physical characteristics of the "neck formation” between the ceramic particles.
  • the green body is also called a green body, and the English word “green” is used to describe its unsintered state, such as green body, green block/blank, and the like.
  • Ceramic hard knot blank means a green body of sufficient strength to allow for post-machining, and the increase in strength can be achieved by physical or chemical means. Different from the grinding process of the sintered body, the particle brittle peeling mechanism is different. Compared with the sintered part of the milling process, the process of milling the ceramic hard knot blank contains plastic deformation mechanism.
  • Partial sintered body means that the ceramic is partially sintered after being formed, but does not reach a state of complete sintering and compactness, and can be defined by observing the physical characteristic of forming a "neck formation" between ceramic particles under a microscope. "brown” is commonly used in English to describe its partially sintered state, such as brown ceramic block/blank, or directly described by partial sintering, partial sintering, etc., such as presintered body, partially sintered body, soft sintered body, and the like.
  • the "grain brittle stripping mechanism” means milling to remove ceramic particles or agglomerates of ceramic particles, and the processed surface has obvious marks and rough unevenness.
  • the "plastic deformation mechanism”, that is, milling, can introduce local plastic deformation, thereby improving the smoothness of the machined surface.
  • “Support column” means that in order to prevent the restoration from being broken halfway with the surrounding material during the machining process, the cutting force is judged according to the material, the tool feed, and the cutting speed, and one or the outer surface (axial surface) of the restoration is designed or Several appropriate size columnar supports to ensure smooth processing.
  • the support columns are also referred to as supports, connecting rods, connectors, connectors, and tabs, and are described in English as support pillars, supporters, connectors, tabs.
  • the invention provides a dental all-ceramic prosthesis, wherein the external surface of the dental all-ceramic restoration has no support column connection points, no local wear marks and cracks, and the surface is smooth and the structure is uniform and coherent.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention does not require a support column to connect the dental all-ceramic restoration body to the surrounding model block or porcelain block.
  • the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the dental all-ceramic prosthesis, which may be a wet forming method or a milling forming method, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body body is not required to be supported in the manufacturing process. It is fixed with the surrounding model block or porcelain block.
  • the wet forming described in the present invention refers to a method of forming a dental all-ceramic restoration, rather than a pre-formed block often mentioned in the prior art, including A method of forming glass, glass ceramics, ceramics, soft metals, and the like.
  • the ceramic hard-clay blank produced by the step milling process has a certain humidity, which overcomes the limited plastic deformation and insufficient strength of the green body after the complete drying of the blank in the prior art, and is difficult to bear.
  • the large milling force remains intact, and the surface of the dental restoration obtained is more smooth, and the roughness of the natural surface of the restoration without any manual treatment is consistent with the roughness of the finely polished dental all-ceramic restoration. It can be directly applied clinically, avoiding the manual polishing and polishing of indispensable technicians in the existing process, or glazing porcelain.
  • the milled ceramic hard-clay blank can be made by wet forming technology, and its microstructure is more uniform and contains less particles than dry-formed and partially-sintered ceramic blocks. Stacking defects; milling unsintered ceramic hard-knot can obtain a higher surface finish than the partially sintered ceramic block.
  • step milling method to obtain the dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the computer wax pattern, so as to avoid the support column fixedly connecting the restoration body and the surrounding porcelain block during the manufacturing process, thereby avoiding manual grinding.
  • the support column separates and forms the prosthetic body and the surrounding porcelain block, and the grinding and polishing process of the excessively rough repairing external surface caused by the support column is removed, thereby reducing the risk of failure of the prosthesis to collapse and premature fracture.
  • the ceramic hard-clay blanks processed by step milling have a certain humidity, which overcomes the limited plastic deformation and insufficient strength of the blanks in the existing process.
  • the large milling force remains intact, and the surface of the dental restoration obtained is more smooth, and the roughness of the natural surface of the restoration without any manual treatment is consistent with the roughness of the finely polished dental all-ceramic restoration. It can be directly applied clinically, avoiding the manual polishing and polishing of indispensable technicians in the existing process, or glazing porcelain.
  • the milled ceramic hard-clay blanks can be made by wet forming technology, the microstructure of which is more uniform than the dry-formed ceramic blocks and contains fewer particle packing defects; Milling an unsintered ceramic hard-knot can yield a higher surface finish than a partially sintered ceramic block.
  • the first method for making the dental all-ceramic restoration provided by the present invention is a wet forming method, and the wet forming method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Milling the model block to obtain a negative mold having a computer wax type outer surface morphology, or a male mold having a computer wax type inner surface morphology;
  • Step 2 Injecting a ceramic colloid into the negative mold of the model block, or sealing the ring sleeve matched with the male mold outside the male mold of the model block, and injecting a ceramic colloid into the forming cavity between the ring sleeve and the male mold, the ceramic After the colloid is dried to a liquid phase content of 10% or less, a ceramic hard-clay blank is obtained;
  • Step 3 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, the external surface morphology of the computer wax type or the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, and the surface morphology of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the ceramic hard-knotted blank is obtained, and the computer wax is obtained.
  • the wet forming method includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Milling the model block to obtain a negative mold having a computer wax type outer surface morphology, or a male mold having a computer wax type inner surface morphology;
  • Step 2 Injecting the ceramic colloid into the negative mold obtained in step 1, the ceramic colloid is dried until the liquid phase content is 10 wt% or less to obtain the ceramic hard-clay blank in the negative mold; or obtained for the step 1 a male mold, sealing a ring sleeve matched with the male mold outside the male mold, injecting a ceramic colloid into the forming cavity between the ring sleeve and the male mold, and drying the ceramic colloid until the liquid content is below 10 wt% to obtain a positive a ceramic hardwood blank in the mold;
  • Step 3 For the ceramic hard-clay blank in the female mold obtained in the step 2, the ceramic is milled according to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, or the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour. Hardening the green body, obtaining a dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the shape of the computer wax type; for the ceramic hard-clay blank in the male mold obtained in the step 2, milling the ceramic hard-knot material blank according to the outer shape of the computer wax type, obtaining A dental all-ceramic restoration body with a consistent wax pattern.
  • the step 1 - step 3 described above produces a dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the shape of the computer wax, which functions by means of step milling and wet forming, avoiding the setting and use of the support column connection.
  • the restoration body body and the surrounding material block/ceramic block obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body body having no support column and support column connection points, no local wear marks and cracks, and a smooth surface and uniform structure.
  • a plurality of all-ceramic restoration bodies can be made on one or both of the individual model blocks and the ceramic hard-clay blank according to the steps 1 - 3 described.
  • the single model block of the step 1 can process a single single crown, a single fixed unit of more than three units, multiple single crowns, or multiple fixed bridges of more than three units.
  • the female mold having the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type is a female mold having a complete form of the outer surface of the computer wax type or a female mold having a partial shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type;
  • the portion from the high point line to the anterior or posterior occlusal surface is milled according to the outer shape of the computer wax type, and the shape is high.
  • the line-to-neck portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and does not form an inverted concave shape below the shape high point line.
  • the female mold having the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type or the male mold having the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type is obtained by the numerical control milling machining center milling model block; in the step 3, using the numerical control Milling and machining center milling ceramic hardwood blanks.
  • the method for drying the ceramic colloid is selected from the group consisting of gel drying, osmotic drying, microwave drying, infrared drying, electrothermal drying, drying in an oven with infrared light or electric heating wire as a heat source, and desiccant drying.
  • One or more; preferred desiccant is selected from quicklime, One or more of silica gel and porous silicate.
  • the step 1 may further include the following steps: step A: performing dental preparation; step B: preparing a dental dentition optical model; and step C: using the dentition optical model obtained in step B as a data source, Computer wax type of all-ceramic restoration.
  • the step 3 may further comprise the following steps: Step D: taking out the dental all-ceramic restoration body from the mold block; Step E: the dental all-ceramic restoration body is sintered in the sintering furnace, A dental all-ceramic restoration with a smooth surface.
  • the step 1 includes step A, step B, and step C, and the step 3 includes step D and step E.
  • said step A performs conventional tooth preparation in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration. More preferably, the step B is performed to obtain an optical model of the dentition including at least the adjacent tooth preparation, the adjacent teeth of the intended restoration tooth, and the jaw teeth of the intended restoration tooth.
  • the obtaining method of the step B dentition optical model is selected from one of the following schemes:
  • Scheme 1 Clinically preparing a dental impression, scanning the dental impression and converting it into a dental optical model by computer software;
  • Option 2 clinically preparing a dental impression, filling a plaster model, scanning the The gypsum model obtained the dentition optical model;
  • Option 3 scanning the dentition in the mouth to directly obtain the dentition optical model.
  • the dental impression can be scanned using a dental scanner, which can be dental CAD software that can be used to scan the dentition in the mouth using a dental intraoral scanner.
  • the step C is designed to obtain a computer wax type of an all-ceramic restoration by a dental restoration design software.
  • the step D takes out the dental all-ceramic restoration body by cutting the model block around the restoration body to obtain a gap, directly clamping the restoration body or taking out the restoration body by vacuum suction. .
  • the sintering temperature is 1300 ° C to 1600 ° C, and the holding time is 0.1 h to 3 h.
  • the material of the model block is selected from one or a combination of gypsum, paraffin, epoxy, and polyethylene.
  • the model block has a porosity of 0 to 60%, and a preferred porosity is 0 to 40%.
  • the ceramic colloid includes a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, and the ceramic colloid may also be composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component.
  • the solid phase component may include an additive selected from one or a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG).
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • PEG polyethylene glycol
  • the additive may comprise from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of the solid phase component, preferably from 1.0 to 3.0%.
  • the solid phase component accounts for 20% to 60% by volume, and the preferred solid phase component accounts for 25% to 35% by volume.
  • the solid phase component is selected from one or a combination of alumina, zirconia, spinel, garnet, mullite; more preferably, the solid phase combination is by mass percentage
  • the composition is selected from the group consisting of a composite of 5% spinel and 95% zirconia, a composite of 20% zirconia and 80% alumina, a composite of 10% spinel and 90% alumina, 95% oxidation. Zirconium and 5% alumina.
  • the liquid phase component is selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, a mixture of water and an alcohol.
  • the second method for manufacturing the dental all-ceramic restoration provided by the present invention is a milling forming method, and the milling forming method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the porous ceramic ceramic block is milled to obtain a negative mold ceramic blank having a computer wax type inner surface shape; the model block is milled to obtain a male mold having a computer wax type inner surface shape.
  • Step 2 The female mold blank and the male mold block obtained in the step 1 are clamped and fixed; or the male mold ceramic blank and the female mold block obtained in the step 1 are clamped and fixed;
  • Step 3 For the female mold blank and the male mold block which are fixed by the step 2, the female mold blank is milled according to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body body conforming to the shape of the computer wax type is obtained.
  • the male mold ceramic blank and the female mold block fixed in step 2 according to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, or the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the milling The ceramic mold blank is ground to obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the shape of the computer wax.
  • the above steps 1-Step 3 produced a dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the shape of the computer wax type, and the function thereof is to adopt a step milling method, thereby avoiding the setting and use of the support column to fix the restoration body. And the surrounding block/ceramic block, thereby obtaining a dental all-ceramic restoration body having no support column and support column connection point, no local wear and cracking, smooth surface and uniform structure.
  • one or all of the all-ceramic restoration bodies can be made on a single male mold ceramic blank, a negative mold ceramic blank, a male mold block, and a female mold block, respectively.
  • the step 1 can process a single single crown or a single fixed unit of more than three units by a single female/male mold ceramic blank and a corresponding single male/female mold block, or can be processed by a single ceramic block.
  • An anode/male mold of a computer wax type inner surface shape and a plurality of single crowns of a plurality of computer wax type inner surface forms processed on a single model block, or a plurality of fixed bridges of three or more units.
  • the female mold block having the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type is a female mold block having a shape of a computer wax type outer surface portion; and a male mold having a computer wax type outer surface shape.
  • the ceramic blank is a male mold ceramic blank having a complete form of a computer wax type outer surface or a male mold ceramic blank having a computer wax type outer surface portion.
  • the inside has a female mold block having a shape of a computer wax type outer surface portion or has a computer wax type appearance
  • the male mold blank of the partial shape is formed, the part from the high point line to the front or back occlusal surface is milled according to the outer shape of the computer wax type, and the high point line to the neck edge portion along the contour high point and the model
  • the block or ceramic block is vertically lined, and the undercut shape below the high point line is not formed.
  • the method of fabricating the inner mold block having the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type is the same as the method of forming the male mold ceramic blank having the outer surface portion of the computer wax type.
  • step 1 obtains a negative mold ceramic blank having a computer wax type inner surface morphology therein.
  • Step 1-A Milling the porous ceramic ceramic block according to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type to obtain a computer wax type inner surface Form of a negative mold ceramic blank;
  • the step 1 obtains a male mold block having a computer wax type inner surface morphology, and includes a step 1-B: milling the mold block according to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type to obtain a yang having a computer wax type inner surface morphology. Mold block.
  • step 1-A and step 1-B may be in no particular order.
  • the step 1 obtains a male mold ceramic blank having a computer wax type outer surface morphology, and comprises the step 1-C: milling the model material block inward according to the outer shape of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the anterior cutting end Or the part of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth is milled according to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and the inverted concave shape below the high point line is not obtained.
  • a female mold block having a form of a computer wax type outer surface portion;
  • the step 1 obtains a female mold block having a computer wax type outer surface morphology therein, and comprises the step 1-D: according to the complete shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type or the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type in the step 1-C, The porous ceramic ceramic block is milled to obtain a male mold ceramic blank having a complete shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type or obtained with a shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type.
  • step 1-C and step 1-D may be in no particular order.
  • the milling is performed by a CNC milling machining center.
  • the porous ceramic ceramic block and the model block are milled
  • the milled ceramic mold blank and the male mold ceramic blank can be milled by a numerical control milling machining center.
  • the method fixed in the step 2 is a non-clamping retention method, and the non-clamping retention means that no fixing is used between the restoration and the model block during the processing, thereby avoiding the clamp blocking. Processing path.
  • the non-clamping retention method is vacuum retention or adhesive retention; more preferably, the adhesive used for the adhesive retention is wax, petrolatum or epoxy resin.
  • the step 1 may further include the following steps: step A: performing dental preparation; step B: preparing a dental dentition optical model; and step C: using the dentition optical model obtained in step B as a data source, Computer wax type of all-ceramic restoration;
  • the method further comprises the following steps: Step D: taking out the dental all-ceramic restoration body from the male or female mold block; Step E: placing the dental all-ceramic restoration body Sintered into a sintering furnace to form a dental all-ceramic restoration with a smooth surface.
  • the step 1 includes step A, step B, and step C, and the step 3 includes step D and step E.
  • said step A performs conventional tooth preparation in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration.
  • the step B is performed to obtain an optical model of the dentition including at least the adjacent teeth preparation, the adjacent teeth of the intended restoration tooth, and the jaw teeth of the intended restoration tooth.
  • the obtaining method of the step B dentition optical model is selected from one of the following schemes:
  • Scheme 1 Clinically preparing a dental impression, scanning the dental impression and converting it into a dental optical model by computer software;
  • Option 2 clinically preparing a dental impression, filling a plaster model, scanning the The gypsum model obtained the dentition optical model;
  • Option 3 scanning the dentition in the mouth to directly obtain the dentition optical model.
  • the dental impression can be scanned using a dental scanner, which can be dental CAD software that can be used to scan the dentition in the mouth using a dental intraoral scanner.
  • the step C is designed to obtain a computer wax type of an all-ceramic restoration by a dental restoration design software.
  • the method of taking out the dental all-ceramic restoration body is to directly take out the restoration body, or take out the restoration body by vacuum suction, and if necessary, melt the adhesive by heating. The integrity of the restoration body is not destroyed during the removal process.
  • the sintering temperature is 1300 ° C to 1600 ° C, and the holding time is 0.1 h to 3 h.
  • the material of the model block is selected from one or a combination of gypsum, paraffin, epoxy, and polyethylene.
  • the material of the porous ceramic ceramic block is selected from one or a combination of alumina, zirconia, spinel, garnet, mullite.
  • the material of the porous ceramic ceramic block is selected from the group consisting of a composite of 5% spinel and 95% zirconia, a composite of 20% zirconia and 80% alumina, and 10% pomegranate. A composite of stone and 90% alumina.
  • porous ceramic ceramic block is a partially sintered dry pressed ceramic block or an unsintered ceramic hard shaped green body.
  • porous ceramic ceramic block has a porosity of 20 to 60%, and a preferred porosity is 30 to 50%.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration according to the present invention may be a dental veneer, an inlay, a high inlay, a pile, a post core, a post core crown, a crown, a bridge, an implant, a planting abutment, a planting superstructure, and the like.
  • the invention also provides the use of the dental all-ceramic restoration in dental restoration, which may be a dental defect repair, a tooth body Missing repairs, aesthetic restorations, specifically can be used in dental defect and missing fixation and active repair, aesthetic dental restoration, minimally invasive dental restoration, surgical navigation dental implants.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration can be used as dental veneer, inlay, high inlay, pile, post core, post core crown, crown, bridge, implant, planting abutment, planting superstructure, etc. for dental repair.
  • Dental all-ceramic repair has no support column connection points on the external surface, no wear marks and ceramic collapses on the surface, smooth surface, uniform structure and high reliability.
  • step milling method to obtain the dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to the shape of the computer wax, so as to avoid the support column fixedly connecting the restoration body and the surrounding porcelain block during the manufacturing process, thereby avoiding manual grinding.
  • the support column separates and forms the prosthetic body and the surrounding porcelain block, and the grinding and polishing process of the excessively rough repairing external surface caused by the support column is removed, thereby reducing the risk of failure of the prosthesis to collapse and premature fracture.
  • the ceramic hard-clay blanks processed by step milling have a certain humidity, which overcomes the limited plastic deformation and insufficient strength of the dried blanks in the existing process.
  • the large milling force remains intact, and the surface of the dental restoration obtained is more smooth, and the roughness of the natural surface of the restoration without any manual treatment is consistent with the roughness of the finely polished dental all-ceramic restoration. It can be directly applied clinically, avoiding the manual polishing and polishing of indispensable technicians in the existing process, or glazing porcelain.
  • the ceramic hardwood blank used for milling is made by wet forming technology, its microstructure is more uniform than that of dry pressed and partially sintered ceramic blocks and contains less particle packing defects.
  • Milling unsintered ceramic hard-clay blanks is more conducive to improving the external surface finish of dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • Milling ceramic hard-clay or partially-sintered ceramic blocks under the condition of supporting the model block is more conducive to processing the thin-walled neck and improving the processing yield.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention has a high surface finish, a surface roughness (scanning electron microscopy) of 50 to 300 nm, and a friction coefficient of 0.4 to 0.6.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dental all-ceramic restoration body (single crown) processed by a conventional CAD/CAM technology.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dental all-ceramic restoration body (single crown) of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the steps of a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the steps of a wet forming method of another dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the steps of a wet forming method of another dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the steps of a method for manufacturing a milling and all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the steps of a method for producing a milling and forming of another dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the steps of a method of manufacturing a milling and forming method of another dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention.
  • Figure 9a is a photograph of a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made using the prior art.
  • Figure 9b is a photograph of a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made using the wet forming technique of the present invention.
  • Figure 9c is a scanning electron micrograph of a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made using the prior art.
  • Figure 9d is a scanning electron micrograph of a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made using the wet forming technique of the present invention.
  • model block 2, ceramic hard knot blank, 3, dental all-ceramic restoration body, 4, ring sleeve, 5, sealing ring, 6, forming cavity, 7, support column, 8, porous ceramic Porcelain block
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 (single crown) formed by a conventional CAD/CAM technique, and the outer surface (axial surface) of the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 is connected to a surrounding porcelain block.
  • the support column 7 needs to be manually removed after processing.
  • the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 is connected to the surrounding model block or porcelain block without the support column 7, and the surface of the repaired body has no local wear marks, and the surface is smooth and uniform in structure.
  • the wet forming method for making a dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention may comprise the following steps:
  • Step 1 Perform routine dental preparation according to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration
  • Step 2 Prepare an optical model of the dentition containing at least the adjacent teeth preparation, the adjacent teeth of the intended restoration tooth, and the teeth of the intended tooth (to ensure that the restoration conforms to the true dentition form when worn in the mouth) , restore adjacency and bite function);
  • Step 3 taking the optical model of the dentition obtained in step 2 as a data source, establishing an optical working mold through the dental repair design software, and designing a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, wherein the magnification of the ceramic firing shrinkage is considered;
  • Step 4 Obtain a negative mold with a computer wax type outer surface shape through a CNC milling machining center milling block, or obtain a male mold with a computer wax type inner surface shape; a single single block can be processed on a single model block. a fixed bridge of more than three units, multiple single crowns, or multiple fixed bridges of more than three units;
  • Step 5 Injecting a ceramic colloid into the negative mold of the model block, or sealing the ring sleeve matched with the male mold outside the male mold of the model block, and injecting a ceramic colloid into the forming cavity between the ring sleeve and the male mold, the ceramic
  • the ceramic hardwood is obtained after the colloid is dried to a liquid content of 10% by mass or less.
  • Step 6 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, the external surface morphology of the computer wax type or the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, and the surface morphology of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface shape, the central milling ceramic hard knot is processed by numerical control milling. a blank, obtaining a dental all-ceramic restoration body conforming to a computer wax pattern;
  • Step 7 taking out the dental all-ceramic restoration body from the model block
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is sintered in a sintering furnace to form a dental all-ceramic restoration having a smooth surface.
  • a plurality of all-ceramic restoration bodies can be made on a single model block and a ceramic hard-clay blank, for example, the invention can be used on a single model block. Processing a single single crown, a single fixed bridge of more than three units, multiple single crowns, or multiple fixed bridges of more than three units.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of zirconia all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the axial surface is grounded by 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.3 to 0.5 mm wide.
  • the degree of axial surface polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 3a, the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (gypsum block, porosity: 20%) obtains a female mold with a complete internal shape of the computer wax type.
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 3b, a ceramic colloid is injected into the female mold of the model block 1 (the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 50% by volume, and the solid phase component is zirconia.
  • the liquid phase component is water
  • the ceramic colloid is dried by gypsum to form a ceramic hard-clay blank 2 having a water content of about 9% by mass.
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 3c, according to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the center-milled ceramic hard-knot blank is processed by numerically milling, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax is obtained.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center cuts the model block 1 around the restoration body to obtain a gap, and the negative pressure suction takes out the restoration body (as shown in Fig. 3d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1300 ° C for sintering, and the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of zirconia-alumina composite all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the axial surface is removed by 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the neck shoulder width is wide. 0.3 to 0.5 mm, the degree of axial polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Preparation of clinical impression of the upper and lower dentition, using a desktop scanner 3Shape D810 scanning directly impression of a dentition, dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM into dentition model by an optical design software 3Shape dental restoration.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 3a, the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (paraffin block, porosity of 0%) obtains a female mold having a complete internal shape of the computer wax type outer surface.
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 3b, a ceramic colloid is injected into the female mold of the model block 1 (the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 20% by volume, and the solid phase component is composed of mass percent.
  • the 20% zirconia is composed of 80% alumina, and the liquid phase component is 90% aqueous ethanol solution.
  • the ceramic colloid is formed into a ceramic hardwood blank 2 having a liquid phase content of 4% by mass.
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 3c, according to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the center-milled ceramic hard-knot blank is processed by numerically milling, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax is obtained.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center is at the periphery of the restoration body, cutting the model block 1 to obtain a gap, and suctioning the body of the restoration body by suction (as shown in Fig. 3d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C for sintering, and the holding time is 3 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Prepare the conventional tooth according to the dental preparation standard of the alumina all-ceramic restoration: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0mm to 1.5mm, and the axial surface is removed. 0.8 to 1.0 mm, the neck shoulder width is 0.3 to 0.5 mm, the axial surface polymerization degree is 6 to 8 ° C, and the dot angles and the line angles are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 4a, the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (polyethylene block, porosity: 60%) obtains a female mold with a computer wax-type outer surface portion inside, and the shape is high-pointed to the rear. The part of the occlusal surface is milled according to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and the inverted concave shape below the high point line is not formed.
  • the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 polyethylene block, porosity: 60%
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 4b, a ceramic colloid is injected into the female mold of the model block 1 (the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 60% by volume, and the solid phase component is alumina.
  • the liquid phase component is anhydrous ethanol
  • the polyethylene is permeabilized and dried in an electric oven
  • the ceramic colloid is formed into a ceramic hard-clay blank 2 having a liquid phase content of 5% by mass.
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 4c, according to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface morphology of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the central milling ceramic hardwood blank is processed by CNC milling, which is consistent with the computer wax pattern.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center is at the periphery of the restoration body body, and the model block 1 is cut to obtain a gap, and the restoration body is directly gripped and removed (as shown in Fig. 4d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1600 ° C for sintering, and the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the axial surface is grounded by 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.3 to 0.5 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Preparation of clinical impression of the upper and lower dentition, using a desktop scanner 3Shape D810 scanning directly impression of a dentition, dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM into dentition model by an optical design software 3Shape dental restoration.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 4a, the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (gypsum block, porosity: 20%) obtains a female mold with a computer wax-type outer surface portion inside, and a high-point line to the posterior teeth. The surface part is milled according to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and the inverted concave shape below the high point line is not formed.
  • the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (gypsum block, porosity: 20%) obtains a female mold with a computer wax-type outer surface portion inside, and a high-point line to the posterior teeth.
  • the surface part is milled according to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and the inverted concave shape below the high point
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 4b, a ceramic colloid is injected into the female mold of the mold block 1 (the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 20% by volume, and the solid phase component is composed of mass percent.
  • the 20% zirconia is composed of 80% alumina, and the liquid phase component is 90% aqueous ethanol solution.
  • the ceramic colloid is formed into a ceramic hard-clay blank 2 having a liquid phase content of less than 10% by mass.
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 4c, according to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface morphology of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the central milling ceramic hardwood blank is processed by CNC milling, which is consistent with the computer wax pattern.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center is at the periphery of the restoration body, cutting the model block 1 to obtain a gap, and suctioning the body of the restoration body by suction (as shown in Fig. 4d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C for sintering, and the holding time is 3 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the axial surface is grounded by 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.3 to 0.5 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 5a, the CNC milling center milling model block 1 (paraffin block, porosity is 0%) obtains a male mold having a computer wax type inner surface morphology.
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 5b, the annular sleeve 4 matched with the male mold is sealed and fixed on the outside of the male mold of the model block 1 (the collar 4 and the male mold are sealed by the sealing ring 5 to form the forming cavity 6), and the ring sleeve is formed.
  • the ceramic colloid is injected into the forming cavity 6 between the 4 and the male mold.
  • the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 50% by volume, and the solid phase component is 95% zirconia and 5 % alumina, the liquid phase component is water), and the ceramic colloid after gelation drying forms a ceramic hard-clay blank 2 having a water content of 3% by mass.
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 5c, according to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the central milling ceramic hard-clay blank is processed by numerical control milling to obtain the computer wax type. A dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 of uniform morphology.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center is at the periphery of the restoration body, cutting the model block 1 to obtain a gap, and suctioning the body of the restoration body by suction (as shown in Fig. 5d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace and sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C for sintering, and the holding time is 3 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of alumina all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm, the axial surface is grounded by 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the neck edge is 0.3 to 0.5 mm wide.
  • the degree of axial surface polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 As shown in Fig. 5a, a numerically controlled milling center milling model block 1 (epoxy block, porosity of 60%) obtains a male mold having a computer wax type inner surface morphology.
  • Step 5 As shown in Fig. 5b, the annular sleeve 4 matched with the male mold is sealed and fixed on the outside of the male mold of the model block 1 (the collar 4 and the male mold are sealed by the sealing ring 5 to form the forming cavity 6), and the ring sleeve is formed. 4Injecting a ceramic colloid into the forming cavity 6 between the male mold and the male mold (the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 60% by volume, the solid phase component is alumina, and the liquid phase component It is a 90% aqueous solution of ethanol), and the ceramic colloid is gel-dried to a ceramic hardwood blank 2 having a liquid phase content of 5% by mass.
  • the ceramic colloid is composed of a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 60% by volume, the solid phase component is alumina, and the liquid phase component It is a 90% aqueous solution of ethanol
  • Step 6 As shown in Fig. 5c, according to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the center-milled ceramic hard-clay blank is machined by numerically milling, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax is obtained.
  • Step 7 The CNC milling machining center is at the periphery of the restoration body body, and the model block 1 is cut to obtain a gap, and the restoration body is directly gripped and removed (as shown in Fig. 5d);
  • Step 8 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1600 ° C, and the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • anterior aesthetic restoration making anterior spinel tooth veneers.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-8 of the embodiment 6, and FIG. 5, the steps different from the embodiment 6 are:
  • step 1 the conventional tooth preparation is performed according to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic veneer
  • step 4 the model block 1 is a mixture of gypsum and paraffin, and the porosity is 40% (Fig. 5a);
  • the ceramic colloid in step 5 comprises a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 25% by volume, the solid phase component is spinel, and the liquid phase component is 90% ethanol aqueous solution (Fig. 5b);
  • step 8 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, sintering is 1400 ° C, the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-8 of the embodiment 6, and FIG. 5, the steps different from the embodiment 6 are:
  • step 1 conventional tooth preparation is performed in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic inlay.
  • step 4 the model block 1 is a mixture of gypsum and epoxy resin, and the porosity is 20% (Fig. 5a);
  • the ceramic colloid in step 5 includes a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 35% by volume, the solid phase component is garnet, and the additives polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) account for The solid phase component is 1% by weight, and the liquid phase component is 90% ethanol aqueous solution (Fig. 5b);
  • step 8 the sintering temperature is 5-12 ° C / min, sintering is 1300 ° C, the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-8 of the embodiment 6, and FIG. 5, the steps different from the embodiment 6 are:
  • step 1 conventional tooth preparation is performed in accordance with the dental preparation standard of all-ceramic inlays.
  • step 4 the model block 1 is a mixture of gypsum and epoxy resin, and the porosity is 20% (Fig. 5a);
  • the ceramic colloid in step 5 comprises a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 30% by volume, the solid phase component is mullite, and the solid phase component includes the additive polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene. Alcohol (PVA), 5% by weight of the solid phase component, and 90% aqueous solution of liquid phase (Fig. 5b);
  • step 8 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, sintering is 1300 ° C, the holding time is 1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-8 of the embodiment 6, and FIG. 5, the steps different from the embodiment 6 are:
  • step 1 the conventional tooth preparation is performed in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic post core.
  • step 4 the model block 1 is paraffin wax, and the porosity is 0% (Fig. 5a);
  • the ceramic colloid in step 5 comprises a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 20% by volume, the solid phase component is 5% spinel and 95% zirconia, and the solid phase component includes the additive polyethylene.
  • step 8 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, sintering is 1400 ° C, the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-8 of the embodiment 6, and FIG. 5, the steps different from the embodiment 6 are:
  • step 1 conventional tooth preparation is performed in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic post core crown.
  • step 4 the model block 1 is paraffin wax with a porosity of 0% (Fig. 5a).
  • the ceramic colloid in the step 5 includes a solid phase component and a liquid phase component, wherein the solid phase component accounts for 60% by volume, the solid phase component is 10% spinel and 90% alumina, and the solid phase component includes the additive polyvinyl alcohol. (PVA), 3% by weight of the solid phase component, and the liquid phase component is an aqueous solution (Fig. 5b)
  • step 8 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, the sintering is 1600 ° C, the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • the milling forming method for making a dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention can be implemented in two ways:
  • Option 1 includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Perform routine dental preparation according to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration
  • Step 2 Prepare an optical model of the dentition containing at least the adjacent teeth preparation, the adjacent teeth of the intended restoration tooth, and the teeth of the intended tooth (to ensure that the restoration conforms to the true dentition form when worn in the mouth) , restore adjacency and bite function);
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, the computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration is obtained through the dental restoration design software, wherein the magnification of the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered;
  • Step 4 According to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the porous ceramic ceramic block is milled through a numerical control milling machining center to obtain a negative-working ceramic blank having a computer wax-type inner surface shape; the porous ceramic ceramic block may be partially sintered. The pressed ceramic block may also be an unsintered ceramic hard knot blank.
  • Step 5 According to the internal surface morphology of the wax type of the computer, the central milling model block is obtained by numerically milling and milling, and a male mold block having a computer wax type inner surface shape is obtained;
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold ceramic blank obtained in the step 4 to the male mold block obtained in the matching step 5, and fix it by the non-clamping method (the retention force satisfies the stability of the ceramic blank during the processing without vibration, Displacement and even drop requirements);
  • Step 7 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the ceramic mold blank is milled by a numerical control milling machining center to obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body body conforming to the shape of the computer wax type;
  • Step 8 removing the dental all-ceramic restoration body from the male mold block
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is sintered in a sintering furnace to form a dental all-ceramic restoration having a smooth surface;
  • Option 2 includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Perform routine dental preparation according to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration
  • Step 2 Prepare an optical model of the dentition containing at least the adjacent teeth preparation, the adjacent teeth of the intended restoration tooth, and the teeth of the intended tooth (to ensure that the restoration conforms to the true dentition form when worn in the mouth) , restore adjacency and bite function);
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, the computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration is obtained through the dental restoration design software, wherein the magnification of the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered;
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, the model block is inwardly milled through the CNC milling machining center, and the shape is high to the front cut end. Or the part of the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth is milled according to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, and the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block along the high point of the shape, and the inverted concave shape below the high point is not formed, and the inside is obtained.
  • a female mold block having a form of a computer wax type outer surface portion
  • Step 5 According to the complete shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type or the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type in step 4, the porous ceramic ceramic block is milled through a numerical control milling machining center to obtain a complete shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type, or obtained. a male mold ceramic blank having a form of a computer wax type outer surface portion;
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in step 4 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in step 5, and fix it by non-clamp retention method (the retention force satisfies the stability of the ceramic blank during processing without vibration, displacement or even loss. Fall request);
  • Step 7 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, or the surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface shape, the male mold ceramic blank is milled through the numerical control milling machining center, and the computer is obtained. a dental all-ceramic restoration body having a uniform wax pattern;
  • Step 8 removing the dental all-ceramic restoration body from the female mold block
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is sintered in a sintering furnace to form a dental all-ceramic restoration having a smooth surface.
  • a single single crown or a single fixed unit of three or more units can be processed by the cooperation of a single female/male mold ceramic blank and a corresponding single male/female mold block, or by matching Machining a plurality of single crowns of a computer wax type inner surface shape on a single ceramic block and processing a plurality of single crowns of a plurality of computer wax type inner surface shapes on a single mold block, or more Fixed bridges of more than three units.
  • the method of removing the dental all-ceramic restoration body is to directly take out the restoration body, or take out the restoration body by suction under suction, and if necessary, melt and melt by heating.
  • the attachment does not destroy the integrity of the restoration body during removal.
  • one or all of the all-ceramic restoration bodies can be made on a single male mold ceramic blank, a negative mold ceramic blank, a male mold block, and a female mold block, respectively.
  • the step 1 can process a single single crown or a single fixed unit of more than three units by a single female/male mold ceramic blank and a corresponding single male/female mold block, or can be processed by a single ceramic block.
  • An anode/male mold of a computer wax type inner surface shape and a plurality of single crowns of a plurality of computer wax type inner surface forms processed on a single model block, or a plurality of fixed bridges of three or more units.
  • the following is a specific embodiment of the dental all-ceramic restoration of the present invention produced by a milling forming method.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration, as shown in FIG. 6, comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of zirconia all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of axial surface polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the internal surface morphology of the wax type of the computer, the porous ceramic ceramic block 2 (zirconia, the porosity is 20%, which is a partially sintered dry pressed ceramic block) is milled through the numerical control milling machining center, and the internal computer wax is obtained.
  • a female mold blank of the inner surface morphology (see Figure 6a).
  • Step 5 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type, the CNC milling and machining center mills the model block 1 (gypsum block) to obtain a male mold block having a computer wax type inner surface shape (see Fig. 6b).
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold ceramic blank obtained in the step 4 to the male mold block obtained in the matching step 5, and fix it by vacuum fixing (see Fig. 6c).
  • Step 7 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the ceramic mold blank is milled by a numerical control milling machining center to obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax (see Fig. 6d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the male mold block (see Figure 6e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace to be sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1300 ° C, and the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Clinically prepare the upper and lower dentition impressions, use the 3Shape desktop scanner D810 to directly scan the dentition impression, and transform it into the dentition optical model through the dental restoration design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the internal surface morphology of the wax type of the computer, the central milling porous ceramic block 2 (20% zirconia and 80% oxidation) is machined by CNC milling. A composite of aluminum, having a porosity of 60%, is an unsintered ceramic hardwood blank, and a negative-working ceramic blank having a computer wax-type inner surface morphology is obtained (see Fig. 6a).
  • Step 5 According to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the CNC milling and milling center milling model block 1 (paraffin) obtains a male mold block with a computer wax type inner surface morphology (see Fig. 6b).
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold ceramic blank obtained in the step 4 to the male mold block obtained in the matching step 5, and fix it by bonding (the adhesive is wax) (see Fig. 6c).
  • Step 7 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the center milling ceramic mold blank is machined by numerically milling, and the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax is obtained (see Fig. 6d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the male mold block (see Figure 6e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C, and the holding time is 3 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration, as shown in FIG. 7, comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Clinically prepare the upper and lower dentition impressions, use the 3Shape desktop scanner D810 to directly scan the dentition impression, and transform it into the dentition optical model through the dental restoration design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, the CNC milling and machining center inwardly mills the model block 1 (gypsum), and the part from the high point line to the back occlusal surface is milled according to the shape of the computer wax type outer surface, and the shape is high.
  • the line-to-neck portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block 1 along the high point of the profile, and the undercut shape below the height of the profile is not formed, and a female mold block having a partial computer wax type outer surface form is obtained (Fig. 7a).
  • Step 5 According to the complete shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type, CNC milling and machining center-milled porous ceramic block 2 (a composite of 20% zirconia and 80% alumina, with a porosity of 50%, is an unsintered ceramic) Hardwood blanks were obtained to obtain a male mold ceramic blank having a complete morphology of the outer surface of the computer wax type (Fig. 7b).
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in the step 4 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in the step 5, and fix it by bonding (the adhesive is Vaseline) (Fig. 7c).
  • Step 7 According to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the central milling ceramic blank is machined by a numerically controlled milling machine to obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 conforming to the shape of the computer wax (Fig. 7d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the female mold block (Fig. 7e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C, and the holding time is 3 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration, as shown in FIG. 7, comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface shape of the computer wax type, the CNC milling and machining center inwardly mills the model block 1 (paraffin), and the part from the high point line to the back occlusal surface is milled according to the outer shape of the computer wax type, and the shape is high.
  • the line-to-neck portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block 1 along the high point of the profile, and the undercut shape below the height of the profile is not formed, and a female mold block having a partial computer wax type outer surface form is obtained (Fig. 7a).
  • Step 5 According to the complete shape of the outer surface of the wax type of the computer, the CNC milling and machining center mills the porous ceramic block 2 (zirconia, the porosity is 50%, which is a partially sintered dry pressed ceramic block), and obtains a computer wax type.
  • a male mold blank with a complete outer surface morphology (Fig. 7b).
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in the step 4 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in the step 5, and fix it by vacuum fixing (Fig. 7c).
  • Step 7 According to the inner surface morphology of the computer wax type, the male mold ceramic blank is milled by a numerical control milling machining center to obtain a dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 (Fig. 7d) conforming to the shape of the computer wax.
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the female mold block (Fig. 7e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace to be sintered at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1300 ° C, and the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the central milling model block 1 (epoxy block) is machined by CNC milling, and the part from the high point line to the back occlusal surface is milled according to the shape of the computer wax type outer surface.
  • the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block 1 along the high point of the shape, and the undercut shape below the high point of the shape is not formed, and a female mold block having a shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type is obtained (see FIG. 8a).
  • Step 5 According to the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type in step 4, the central milling porous ceramic block 2 (a composite of 5% spinel and 95% zirconia, by a numerically controlled milling machine, has a porosity of 40%, Is an unsintered ceramic hardwood blank), obtaining a male mold ceramic blank having a form of a computer wax type outer surface portion (see Fig. 8b);
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in the step 4 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in the matching step 5, and fix it by bonding (the adhesive is Vaseline) (see Fig. 8c).
  • Step 7 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the central ceramic mold blank is milled by the numerical control milling machine to obtain the dental all-ceramic repair consistent with the computer wax pattern.
  • Body body 3 (see Figure 8d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the female mold block (see Figure 8e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1400 ° C, and the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 Using the dentition optical model obtained in step 2 as a data source, establish an optical working mold through the dental repair design software 3Shape dental CAD system DentalDesignerTM, and design a computer wax type of the all-ceramic restoration, in which the ceramic firing shrinkage requirement is considered. A lot.
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the central milling model block 1 (epoxy block) is machined by CNC milling, and the part from the high point line to the back occlusal surface is milled according to the shape of the computer wax type outer surface.
  • the high-point line to the neck edge portion is perpendicularly lined with the model block 1 along the high point of the shape, and the undercut shape below the high point of the shape is not formed, and a female mold block having a shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type is obtained (see FIG. 8a).
  • Step 5 According to the shape of the outer surface of the computer wax type in step 4, the center-milled porous ceramic block 2 (a composite of 10% garnet and 90% alumina) is obtained by numerically milling, and the porosity is 40%. a non-sintered ceramic hardwood blank), obtaining a male mold ceramic blank having a form of a computer wax type outer surface portion (see Fig. 8b);
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in the step 4 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in the matching step 5, and fix it by adhesive bonding (the adhesive is epoxy resin) (see Fig. 8c).
  • Step 7 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the central ceramic mold blank is milled by the numerical control milling machine to obtain the dental all-ceramic repair consistent with the computer wax pattern.
  • Body body 3 (see Figure 8d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the female mold block (Fig. 8e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1600 ° C, and the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a method for manufacturing a milling and forming of a dental all-ceramic restoration comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 According to the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic restoration, the conventional tooth preparation is carried out: the occlusal surface is removed by 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the axial surface is removed by 1.0 to 1.5 mm, and the neck shoulder is 0.5 to 0.8 mm wide.
  • the degree of polymerization is 6 to 8 ° C, and the angles and line angles of the dots are blunt and smooth.
  • Step 2 Directly scan the upper and lower dentitions using the 3Shape intraoral scanner TROIS to obtain the dentition optical model.
  • Step 3 In step 2 dentition optical model for the data source, establishing the operating mode of the optical design software 3Shape dental restoration by a dental CAD system DentalDesigner TM, computer design wax of restorations, taking into account the requirements of ceramic firing shrinkage Put a lot.
  • Step 4 According to the outer surface morphology of the computer wax type, the central milling porous ceramic block 2 (aluminum oxide, the porosity is 30%, by numerical control milling) It is an unsintered ceramic hardwood blank).
  • the part from the high point line to the back occlusal surface is milled according to the outer shape of the computer wax type.
  • the high point line to the neck edge part is perpendicular to the model block 1 along the high point of the shape. Wire milling, without forming an inverted concave shape below the high point of the profile, obtains a male mold ceramic blank having the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type (see Fig. 8b).
  • Step 5 According to the shape of the outer surface portion of the computer wax type in step 4, the central milling model block 1 (polyethylene) is machined by numerically milling, and the female mold block having the internal shape of the computer wax type is obtained. 8a);
  • Step 6 Transfer the negative mold block obtained in the step 5 to the male mold ceramic blank obtained in the matching step 4, and fix it by adhesive bonding (the adhesive is epoxy resin) (see Fig. 8c).
  • Step 7 According to the internal surface morphology of the computer wax type and the surface shape of the lower part of the computer wax type outer surface contour, the central ceramic mold blank is milled by the numerical control milling machine to obtain the dental all-ceramic repair consistent with the computer wax pattern.
  • Body body 3 (see Figure 8d).
  • Step 8 Remove the dental all-ceramic restoration body 3 from the female mold block (Fig. 8e).
  • Step 9 The dental all-ceramic restoration body is placed in a sintering furnace at a heating rate of 5 to 10 ° C / min to 1600 ° C, and the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration referring to steps 1-9 of the embodiment 17, and FIG. 8, the steps different from the embodiment 17 are:
  • step 1 conventional tooth preparation is performed in accordance with the dental preparation standard of the all-ceramic bridge.
  • step 4 the model block 1 is a mixture of polyethylene and paraffin (see Figure 8a);
  • the porous ceramic block 2 is a spinel having a porosity of 40%, which is an unsintered ceramic hard-clay blank (see Fig. 8b);
  • step 9 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, sintering is 1400 ° C, the holding time is 2 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration which is referred to the steps 2-9 of Example 17, (the upper part of the implant is repaired, the tooth preparation is omitted, step 1 is omitted), and FIG. 8 is different from the embodiment 17.
  • the steps are:
  • step 4 the model block 1 is a mixture of gypsum and paraffin (see Fig. 8a);
  • step 5 the porous ceramic ceramic block 2 is garnet, and the porosity is 40%, which is an unsintered ceramic hard-clay blank (see Fig. 8b);
  • step 9 the sintering temperature is 5 to 10 ° C / min, the sintering is 1300 ° C, the holding time is 0.1 h, and the furnace is cooled to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • the lower anterior teeth were missing, and the implants healed well after implantation, and the upper structure of the anterior mullion implant was made.
  • a wet forming method for a dental all-ceramic restoration which is referred to the steps 2-9 of Example 17, (the upper part of the implant is repaired, the tooth preparation is omitted, step 1 is omitted), and FIG. 8 is different from the embodiment 17.
  • the steps are:
  • the mold block 1 in step 4 is a mixture of gypsum and epoxy resin (see Fig. 8a).
  • the porous ceramic block 2 is mullite, and has a porosity of 40%, which is an unsintered ceramic hard-clay blank (see Fig. 8b);
  • step 9 the sintering heating rate is 5-10 ° C / min, sintering to 1300 ° C, holding time 1 h, and cooling with the furnace to form a smooth dental all-ceramic restoration.
  • the surface finish/surface roughness of the dental all-ceramic restoration of Examples 1-21 and the dental all-ceramic restoration produced in the prior art were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and friction coefficient.
  • Sample preparation Select the orthodontic subtraction to remove the unabsorbed double-toothed teeth of 13-15 years old as a friction test sample, embed and fix in epoxy resin, and expose the enamel of the natural buccal surface to a plane of at least 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm. It is polished and polished in the order of 300-2000 mesh silicon carbide sandpaper.
  • the friction pair was produced by the following method to ensure that the diameter of the grinding zone was about 4 mm: (1) Sample 1-21: The dental procedure of Example 1-21 produced by the wet forming method and the milling forming method of the present invention Porcelain restoration; (2) Sample 22: Partially sintered zirconia ceramic block (commercially available) milled and dried by the prior art, obtained after complete sintering; (3) Sample 23: Sample 22 is subjected to surface height by 1 ⁇ m diamond powder Obtained after polishing; (4) Sample 24: Sample 22 is obtained by surface glazing; (5) Sample 25: Milled lithium disilicate glass ceramic ceramic block (commercially available) by prior art, obtained after sintering .
  • Friction test using a micro-friction and wear tester to test the natural tooth and four sets of dental zirconia by the ball disc method under artificial saliva medium Rub the wear process.
  • the vertical load value is 4N
  • the frictional motion mode is reciprocating motion
  • the displacement amplitude is 1mm
  • the frequency is 2Hz
  • the number of cycles is 5500 times.
  • the surface of the prosthesis made by the prior art milled and dried pre-sintered zirconia ceramic block (sample 22) and the lithium disilicate glass ceramic ceramic block (sample 25) is very rough, and the surface roughness is greater than 1000 nm.
  • the coefficient of friction is greater than 0.6, which is much higher than the surface roughness and coefficient of friction of dental restorations (samples 1-21) produced by the wet forming and milling forming techniques of the present invention.
  • Sample 22 and sample 25 must be finely polished and glazed to reduce surface roughness, but the glazed surface still does not effectively reduce the coefficient of friction, and there is a potential risk of excessive wear on natural teeth.
  • Sample 1-21 can achieve a fine polishing and glazing surface smoothing effect without any surface treatment, meeting the requirements of clinical applications.
  • Figure 9a shows a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made by the prior art.
  • the general appearance shows that there are support column joints and local wear marks on the surface (the sample has been partially polished and polished), the surface is not smooth enough, and it needs to be further polished and glazed.
  • Figure 9b shows a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration made by the wet forming technique of the present invention.
  • the general appearance shows that the surface of the dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration has no support column joints, no local wear marks and cracks, and the surface is smooth and structured. Uniform and coherent.
  • Fig. 9c shows a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration prepared by the prior art.
  • Fig. 9d shows a dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration prepared by the wet forming technique of the present invention.
  • Scanning electron micrographs show that the surface of the dental zirconia all-ceramic restoration produced by the wet forming technique of the present invention is evenly flattened.

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Abstract

一种牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法。牙科全瓷修复体外表面没有支撑柱（7）连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯。牙科全瓷修复体的制作方法可以是湿法成形方法，也可以是铣磨成形方法，制作过程中无需支撑柱将牙科全瓷修复体坯体（3）与周围模型料块（1）或者瓷块连接固定，避免了手工磨除支撑柱（7）以分离成形修复体和周围瓷块，以及对磨除支撑柱（7）造成的过度粗糙的修复体外表面进行的打磨抛光工序，从而降低修复体崩裂、过早断裂失败的风险。用于铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯（2）采用湿法成形技术制作时，其显微结构比干压成形和部分烧结的瓷块更均匀。该牙科全瓷修复体表面光洁度高，可以不经打磨抛光或者上釉、饰瓷就能直接使用。

Description

牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及属于牙科陶瓷材料技术领域，特别涉及一种牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法。
背景技术
上世纪70年代，法国牙医Duret将计算机辅助设计与计算机辅助制作(CAD/CAM)技术引入牙科领域。US4742464所述，其原理是：利用光电原理将牙体预备体的三维形态以光电传感器端采集信息，形成“光学印模”；再将光学印模输入计算机，利用软件进行三维重建，获得“光学工作模”；在光学工作模上设计牙科修复体的雏形，经仔细修改后形成“计算机蜡型”；最后将计算机蜡型作为控制参数输入数控铣磨加工中心，把事先固定好的料块加工成修复体的形状，根据选用材料的特点再经过不同的处理后获得具有个性化形态的牙科修复体。这一发明减少了对长年累积的复杂手工技巧制作修复体的依赖，提高了修复体制作的精度和可靠性，以及对创伤组织取模给患者带来的痛苦。近年随着CAD/CAM技术与可切削修复材料的迅速发展，特别是可切削陶瓷材料的发展，进一步推动牙科全瓷修复体的发展和应用。
根据可切削陶瓷瓷块的致密程度不同，可以分成两类：一类为硅酸盐基玻璃及玻璃陶瓷、硬质氧化铝和硬质氧化锆瓷块，将预制的瓷块夹持在数控铣磨加工中心工作台上，根据“计算机蜡型”等比例加工，获得成形的修复体；另一类为干压成形和部分烧结的多孔氧化铝和氧化锆瓷块，将预制的瓷块夹持在数控铣磨加工中心工作台上，根据已知的材料烧结收缩率将“计算机蜡型”按比例放大加工，修复体坯体经过二次烧结致密，获得成形的修复体。国内外已有多个专利涉及CAD/CAM技术制作牙科全瓷修复体，例如国际专利US20050261795A1，EP0824897B1，国内专利CN201676029U，CN202682074U，CN202682075U，CN102579148A等。
上述专利描述的CAD/CAM技术制作牙科全瓷修复体的方法中，为了防止加工过程中修复体随着周围材料的削减逐渐脱离料块，从而降低铣磨的稳定性和精度，甚至加工中途修复体发生断裂，加工时需要在修复体的外表面(轴面)预留与周围瓷块相连接的支撑柱(也称支撑体、连接杆、连接体、连接器、接片等)。牙科修复体成形后，技师手工从剩余料块上切割下牙科修复体坯体，并用牙科低速手机手工打磨牙科修复体坯体表面剩余的部分支撑柱及连接点附近区域(如附图1所示)。手工磨除支撑柱增加了技师的工作量，降低了CAD/CAM技术的自动化加工优势，而且会降低修复体表面连接点附近区域的表面光洁度，影响修复体的美观性能，加速修复体表面色素沉着甚至变色，粗糙的表面可能会造成邻牙过度磨损。因此，手工磨除支撑柱后还需要对修复体外表面进行打磨抛光。打磨过程中可能发生由于振动导致的修复体过薄部分崩裂，特别是修复体边缘；手工打磨会在修复体外表面引入局部应力和显微缺陷，降低修复体的长期稳定性和可靠性，甚至导致修复体过早断裂、修复失败。
现有技术带来上述缺点的原因在于，牙科修复体有内表面和外表面两个面，现有技术通常采用多轴铣磨工艺对预制的料块进行两面加工，一步完成牙科修复体坯体的成形。牙科修复体坯体的制作过程为通过数控铣磨加工中心对预制的料块进行两面铣磨，必须设置支撑柱(也称支撑体、连接杆、连接体、连接器、接片等)。这是现有技术中所述CAD/CAM技术制作牙科修复体的常规方法。如CN103479442A中所述，对烤瓷牙基底冠坯体包括牙冠和牙桥进行烧结前处理，手工切除铣削、研磨加工时的牙冠和牙桥的支撑杆。又如EP2010061119、CN102695471A所述由实心的坯料(生坯)从两面铣出约30个还通过接片(denture components connected via tabs of)连接着的假牙部件，在去除接片后，出现30个假牙部件。又如US8141217B2发明了一种尺寸较大的预制料块，该发明中的附图2显示了加工时采用支撑柱连接牙科修复体坯体和周边料块。又如US2009059154发明了一种新型玻璃、玻璃陶瓷材料及其制作的牙科部件，该发明中的附图2b中我们可以清晰地看到加工时有支撑柱连接牙科修复体坯体和周边料块。因此，手工磨除支撑柱后还需要对修复体外表面进行打磨抛光、上釉等处理。如CN102579148A、CN102302381A中所述将氧化锆修复体分离于瓷盘，采用牙科低速手机修整氧化锆牙冠两侧的支撑柱，牙科低速手机转速在10000-20000r/min范围内，同时为了使牙冠表面更加光滑，要对牙冠表面进行打磨处理。
现有技术的另一个共同缺点是，成形的牙科修复体临床不能直接应用，必须通过技师手工打磨抛光，和/或饰瓷、上釉等处理后才可以供临床应用，现有技术带来上述缺点的原因在于，牙科修复体坯体的制作过程中，铣磨的预制陶瓷瓷块是干燥的陶瓷瓷块，成形的牙科修复体表面粗糙，不仅影响美观，更重要的是还会在与天然牙对磨过程中造成天然牙的过度磨耗(Oh WS,et al.Factors affecting enamel and ceramic wear:A literature review.J Prosthet Dent,2002,87(4):451-9；L.Wang,et al.Friction and wear behaviors of dental ceramics against natural tooth enamel,J Eur Ceram Soc,2012,32:2599-2606)。预制陶瓷瓷块一般包括未经烧结的素坯和部分烧结的瓷块两种，未经烧结的素坯具有一定的塑性，加工过程中可以产生一定程度的塑性变形，降低意外崩瓷的风险，理想情况下，铣削素坯获得的牙科修复体表面比铣磨部分烧结的瓷块获得的表面更光洁，但因为素坯完全干燥后塑性变形有限而强度不足，很难承受较大的铣削力保持完整，因此在现实操作中无法实现； 铣磨部分烧结的瓷块，由于颗粒间烧结颈已经部分形成，其加工机制是颗粒脆性玻璃，磨屑大小、形态不规则且铣磨过程不易控制，牙科修复体表面非常粗糙。但是由于铣磨部分烧结的瓷块可以耐受较大的铣磨力，二次烧结也相对更快，因此现有技术中通常是铣磨部分烧结的瓷块(Frank Thomas Filser.Direct Ceramic Machining of Ceramic Dental Restorations.2001,p80-81；WO1999047065A1)。
为了降低成形修复体表面粗糙的不利影响，技师手工打磨抛光，或者上釉饰瓷后才可以将修复体交付临床应用。无论通过陶瓷粉体干压制成的瓷块，还是通过湿法成形制成的瓷块，一旦干燥成现有常用的素坯和经部分烧结的瓷块，就都存在上述问题。如US20050261795A1，CN102579148A，CN102302381A所述，牙科修复体烧结完成后要进行抛光或者上釉。
可见，现有技术制得的牙科修复体表面粗糙，必须经打磨抛光、或者上釉饰瓷才能达到表面光洁的使用要求，现有技术无法制得表面光洁度高、能直接用于牙科修复使用的牙科修复体。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种牙科全瓷修复体及其制作方法，本发明提供的牙科全瓷修复体，外表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯，可靠性高。本发明提供的牙科全瓷修复体表面光洁度高，可以不经打磨抛光或者上釉饰瓷就能直接使用。
所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作方法不采用现有技术中两面铣磨预制的瓷块，一步完成修复体坯体成形的方案，而是采用分步铣加工获得成形修复体坯体的方案，制作过程中无需支撑柱将牙科全瓷修复体坯体与周围模型料块或者瓷块连接固定，避免了手工磨除支撑柱以分离成形修复体坯体和周围瓷块，以及磨除支撑柱造成的过度粗糙的修复体外表面进行的打磨抛光工序，从而降低了修复体崩裂、过早断裂失败的风险。
术语定义：
“表面光洁”,是按人的视觉观点观察物体表面的光洁程度，用表面粗糙度来表示。
“摩擦系数”,是两表面间的摩擦力和作用在其一表面上的垂直力之比值，它和表面的粗糙度有关，和接触面积的大小无关。
“干法成形”，是指通过加压方式将干燥的陶瓷粉体压结，在添加或不添加少量有机粘结剂的条件下提高颗粒堆积密度，同时实现成形的一类方法。
“湿法成形”，是指在液态介质协助下提高陶瓷粉体颗粒堆积密度，同时实现成形的一类方法。当液态介质的加入量较少时，陶瓷粉体在液态介质的协助下可形成具有良好加工性能的有塑性的素坯，并能进一步通过塑性变形实现成形目的。湿法成形通常需要添加少量有机添加物达到粉体分散悬浮和素坯增塑的目的，这是行业内的基本常识。
“素坯”,是指陶瓷成形后未经烧结时的状态，可用显微镜下观察陶瓷颗粒间尚未形成“烧结颈”(neck formation)这一物理特征来界定。素坯也被称为生坯，英文中常用“green”描述其未经烧结的状态，例如green body,green block/blank等。
“陶瓷硬结素坯”,是指强度高至足以允许后期机械加工的素坯，其强度的提高可以用物理或化学的方法来实现。与铣磨加工部分烧结体过程为颗粒脆性剥离机制不同，与铣磨加工部分烧结体不同，铣削加工陶瓷硬结素坯过程包含塑性变形机制。
“部分烧结体”是指陶瓷成形后经部分烧结,但是并未达到完全烧结致密的状态,可用显微镜下观察陶瓷颗粒间形成“烧结颈”(neck formation)这一物理特征来界定。英文中常用“brown”来描述其部分烧结的状态，如brown ceramic block/blank,或者直接用部分烧结、部分烧结等来描述，如presintered body,partially sintered body，soft sintered body等。
“颗粒脆性剥离机制”即铣磨加工以脆性剥除陶瓷颗粒或陶瓷颗粒团聚体，加工表面有明显的痕迹和粗糙不平整。
“塑性变形机制”即铣削加工可引入局部塑料变形，从而提高加工表面的光洁度。
“支撑柱”是指为了防止加工过程中修复体随着周围材料的削减而中途断裂，根据材料、刀具进给、切割速度来判断切削力，在修复体的外表面(轴面)设计一个或几个适当大小柱状的支撑，来保证加工顺利完成。支撑柱也被称为支撑体，连接杆，连接体，连接器，接片,英文描述为support pillar,supporter,connector,tab。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供一种牙科全瓷修复体，所述的牙科全瓷修复体外表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯。
进一步地，本发明所述牙科全瓷修复体，其制作过程中无需支撑柱将牙科全瓷修复体坯体与周围模型料块或者瓷块连接固定。
本发明还提供所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作方法，所述的制作方法可以是湿法成形方法，也可以是铣磨成形方法，其制作过程中无需支撑柱将牙科全瓷修复体坯体与周围模型料块或者瓷块连接固定。
本发明中所述的湿法成形是指牙科全瓷修复体的成形方法，而不是现有技术中常提到的预制料块，包括 玻璃、玻璃陶瓷、陶瓷、软金属等的成形方法。所述牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作过程中，分步铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯含有一定的湿度，克服了现有工艺中素坯完全干燥后塑性变形有限而强度不足，很难承受较大的铣削力保持完整的缺点，加工获得的牙科修复体表面更加光洁，其未经任何手工处理的修复体的自然表面的粗糙度和精细抛光后的牙科全瓷修复体的粗糙度一致，可以直接临床应用，避免了现有工艺中不可或缺的技师手工打磨抛光，或者上釉饰瓷等操作。
所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作过程中，铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯可以采用湿法成形技术制作时，其显微结构比干法成形和部分烧结的瓷块更均匀并且包含更少的颗粒堆积缺陷；铣加工未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯可获得比加工部分烧结的瓷块更高的表面光洁度。
区别于现有技术，本发明的制作方法的关键之处在于：
1.采用分步铣加工方法，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体，从而避免在制作过程中设置支撑柱固定连接修复体坯体和周围瓷块，避免了手工磨除支撑柱以分离成形修复体坯体和周围瓷块，以及磨除支撑柱造成的过度粗糙的修复体外表面进行的打磨抛光工序，从而降低了修复体崩裂、过早断裂失败的风险。
2.牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作过程中，分步铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯含有一定的湿度，克服了现有工艺中素坯完全干燥后塑性变形有限而强度不足，很难承受较大的铣削力保持完整的缺点，加工获得的牙科修复体表面更加光洁，其未经任何手工处理的修复体的自然表面的粗糙度和精细抛光后的牙科全瓷修复体的粗糙度一致，可以直接临床应用，避免了现有工艺中不可或缺的技师手工打磨抛光，或者上釉饰瓷等操作。
3.牙科全瓷修复体的制作过程中，铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯可以采用湿法成形技术制作时，其显微结构比干法成形的瓷块更均匀并且包含更少的颗粒堆积缺陷；铣加工未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯可获得比加工部分烧结的瓷块更高的表面光洁度。
本发明提供的第一种制作所述牙科全瓷修复体的方法是湿法成形方法，所述的湿法成形方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模，或具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；
步骤2：在模型料块阴模内注入陶瓷胶体，或者在模型料块阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套，向环套与阳模之间的成形腔内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10％以下后获得陶瓷硬结素坯；
步骤3：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态、计算机蜡型外表面形态或计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体。
具体地，所述的湿法成形方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模，或具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；
步骤2：针对步骤1获得的阴模，在所述的阴模内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10wt％以下后获得阴模内的陶瓷硬结素坯；或者针对步骤1获得的阳模，在所述阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套，向环套与阳模之间的成形腔内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10wt％以下后获得阳模内的陶瓷硬结素坯；
步骤3：针对步骤2获得的阴模内的陶瓷硬结素坯，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态、或者计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；针对步骤2获得的阳模内的陶瓷硬结素坯，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体。
以上所述的步骤1-步骤3制得了与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体，其作用是采用分步铣加工和湿法成形的方法，避免了设置和使用支撑柱连接固定修复体坯体和周围料块/瓷块，从而获得了表面没有支撑柱和支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯的牙科全瓷修复体坯体。
优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以在单个的模型料块和陶瓷硬结素坯上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。例如，所述步骤1的单个模型料块上能加工单个单冠，单个三单位以上固定桥，多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥。
进一步地，所述步骤1中，具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模为具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阴模或具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模；
进一步地，所述步骤1中，具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模制作时，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
进一步地，所述步骤1中，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模或具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；所述步骤3中，利用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯。
进一步地，所述步骤2中，陶瓷胶体干燥的方法选自胶凝干燥、渗透干燥、微波干燥、红外干燥、电热干燥、以红外光或者电热丝为热源的烘箱中干燥、干燥剂干燥中的一种或多种；优选的干燥剂选自生石灰、 硅胶、多孔硅酸盐中的一种或多种。
作为优选，所述的步骤1之前进一步还可以包括以下步骤：步骤A：进行牙体预备；步骤B：制取牙列光学模型；步骤C：以步骤B所得牙列光学模型为数据源，获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型。
作为优选，所述的步骤3之后进一步还可以包括以下步骤：步骤D：从模型料块中取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体；步骤E：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
进一步优选的，所述的步骤1之前包括步骤A、步骤B、步骤C，并且，所述的步骤3之后包括步骤D、步骤E。
优选的，所述的步骤A按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。更优选的，所述的步骤B制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型。
优选的，所述的步骤B牙列光学模型的获得方式选自以下方案之一：
方案1：临床制取牙列印模，扫描所述的牙列印模并通过计算机软件将其转化为牙列光学模型；方案2：临床制取牙列印模，灌制石膏模型，扫描所述的石膏模型获得牙列光学模型；方案3：在口内扫描牙列，直接获得牙列光学模型。可以利用牙科扫描仪扫描所述的牙列印模，所述的计算机软件可以是牙科CAD软件，可以利用牙科口内扫描仪在口内扫描牙列。
优选的，所述的步骤C通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型。
优选的，所述的步骤D取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体的方法为切削修复体坯体周边的模型料块获得间隙，直接夹持修复体坯体取出或者通过负压吸引取出修复体坯体。
优选的，所述的步骤E中，烧结温度1300℃～1600℃，保温时间0.1h～3h。
进一步地，所述湿法成形方法中，所述模型料块的材料选自石膏、石蜡、环氧树脂、聚乙烯中的一种或几种的组合。优选的，所述模型料块气孔率为0～60％，优选的气孔率为0～40％。
进一步地，所述陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，所述的陶瓷胶体也可以由固相成分和液相成分组成。所述的固相成分可以包括添加剂，所述的添加剂选自聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)中的一种或几种的组合。所述的添加剂可以占固相成分重量百分比0.5～5.0％，优选的，1.0～3.0％。
优选的，所述固相成分所占体积百分比为20％～60％，优选的固相成分所占体积百分比为25％～35％
优选的，所述的固相成分选自氧化铝、氧化锆、尖晶石、石榴石、莫来石中一种或几种的组合；更优选的，按质量百分比计，所述固相组合成分选自5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆组成的复合体，20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成的复合体，10％尖晶石与90％氧化铝组成的复合体、95％氧化锆和5％氧化铝。
优选的，所述的液相成分选自水、醇、水与醇的混合物。
本发明提供的第二种制作所述牙科全瓷修复体的方法是铣磨成形方法，所述的铣磨成形方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯；铣磨模型料块，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块；或者根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯；铣磨模型料块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块；
步骤2：将步骤1所得的阴模陶瓷坯和阳模料块合模固定；或者将步骤1所得阳模陶瓷坯和阴模料块合模固定；
步骤3：针对步骤2合模固定的阴模陶瓷坯和阳模料块，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣磨阴模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；针对步骤2合模固定的阳模陶瓷坯和阴模料块，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，或者计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣磨阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体。
以上所述的步骤1-步骤3制得了与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体，其作用是采用分步铣加工的方法，避免了设置和使用支撑柱连接固定修复体坯体和周围料块/瓷块，从而获得了表面没有支撑柱和支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯的牙科全瓷修复体坯体。
优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以分别在单个的阳模陶瓷坯、阴模陶瓷坯、阳模料块、阴模料块上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。例如，所述的步骤1可以通过单个阴/阳模陶瓷坯和相应单个阳/阴模料块的配合加工单个单冠或者单个三单位以上固定桥，也可通过配合在单个瓷块上加工多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴/阳模和在单个模型料块上加工相应的多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳/阴模加工多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥。
进一步地，所述步骤1中，所述内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块为内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块；具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯为具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阳模陶瓷坯或具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯。
进一步地，所述步骤1中，所述内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块或具有计算机蜡型外表 面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯制作时，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块或者陶瓷瓷块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
也就是，制作所述内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块与具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯的方法相同。
进一步地，所述步骤1获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯包括步骤1-A：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯；
进一步地，所述步骤1获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块包括步骤1-B：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨模型料块，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块。
其中，步骤1-A和步骤1-B可以不分先后次序。
进一步地，所述步骤1获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯包括步骤1-C：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，向内铣磨模型料块，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块；
进一步地，所述步骤1获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块包括步骤1-D：根据计算机蜡型外表面完整形态或步骤1-C中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态，或获得的具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯。
其中，步骤1-C和步骤1-D可以不分先后次序。
进一步地，所述的铣磨成形方法的上述步骤中，所述的铣磨为通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨。例如，步骤1中，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块、模型料块，步骤3中，铣磨阴模陶瓷坯、阳模陶瓷坯均可以通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨。
进一步地，所述步骤2中固定的方法为非夹具固位方法，所述的非夹具固位是指加工过程中的修复体与模型料块之间固位不使用任何夹具，从而避免夹具阻挡加工路径。
优选的，所述的非夹具固位方法为真空固位或粘接固位；更有选的，所述粘接固位使用的粘接剂是蜡、凡士林或环氧树脂。
作为优选，所述的步骤1之前进一步还可以包括以下步骤：步骤A：进行牙体预备；步骤B：制取牙列光学模型；步骤C：以步骤B所得牙列光学模型为数据源，获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型；
作为优选，所述的步骤3之后进一步还可以包括以下步骤：步骤D：从阳模料块或阴模料块中取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体；步骤E：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
进一步优选的，所述的步骤1之前包括步骤A、步骤B、步骤C，并且，所述的步骤3之后包括步骤D、步骤E。
优选的，所述的步骤A按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
优选的，所述的步骤B制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型。
优选的，所述的步骤B牙列光学模型的获得方式选自以下方案之一：
方案1：临床制取牙列印模，扫描所述的牙列印模并通过计算机软件将其转化为牙列光学模型；方案2：临床制取牙列印模，灌制石膏模型，扫描所述的石膏模型获得牙列光学模型；方案3：在口内扫描牙列，直接获得牙列光学模型。可以利用牙科扫描仪扫描所述的牙列印模，所述的计算机软件可以是牙科CAD软件，可以利用牙科口内扫描仪在口内扫描牙列。
优选的，所述的步骤C通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型。
优选的，所述的步骤D中，取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体的方法为直接夹持修复体坯体取出，或者通过负压吸引取出修复体坯体，必要时通过加热熔化粘接剂，取出过程中不破坏修复体坯体的完整性。
优选的，所述步骤E中，烧结温度1300℃～1600℃，保温时间0.1h～3h。
进一步地，所述的铣磨成形方法中，所述模型料块的材料选自石膏、石蜡、环氧树脂、聚乙烯中的一种或几种的组合。
进一步地，所述多孔陶瓷瓷块的材料选自氧化铝、氧化锆、尖晶石、石榴石、莫来石中的一种或几种的组合。优选的，按质量百分比计，所述多孔陶瓷瓷块的材料选自5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆组成的复合体、20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成的复合体、10％石榴石与90％氧化铝组成的复合体。
进一步地，所述的多孔陶瓷瓷块是经过部分烧结的干压瓷块或者未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯。
进一步地，所述多孔陶瓷瓷块气孔率为20～60％，优选的气孔率为30～50％。
本发明所述的牙科全瓷修复体可以是牙贴面、嵌体、高嵌体、桩、桩核、桩核冠、牙冠、牙桥、种植体、种植基台、种植上部结构等。
本发明还提供所述的牙科全瓷修复体在牙科修复中的用途，所述的牙科修复可以是牙体缺损修复、牙体 缺失修复、美学修复，具体可以是牙体缺损和缺失固定和活动修复、美学牙科修复、微创牙科修复、手术导航牙科种植中的应用。所述的牙科全瓷修复体可以作为牙贴面、嵌体、高嵌体、桩、桩核、桩核冠、牙冠、牙桥、种植体、种植基台、种植上部结构等用于牙科修复。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、牙科全瓷修复体外表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩瓷，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯，可靠性高。
2、采用分步铣加工方法，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体，从而避免在制作过程中设置支撑柱固定连接修复体坯体和周围瓷块，避免了手工磨除支撑柱以分离成形修复体坯体和周围瓷块，以及磨除支撑柱造成的过度粗糙的修复体外表面进行的打磨抛光工序，从而降低了修复体崩裂、过早断裂失败的风险。
3、牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作过程中，分步铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯含有一定的湿度，克服了现有工艺中素坯完全干燥后塑性变形有限而强度不足，很难承受较大的铣削力保持完整的缺点，加工获得的牙科修复体表面更加光洁，其未经任何手工处理的修复体的自然表面的粗糙度和精细抛光后的牙科全瓷修复体的粗糙度一致，可以直接临床应用，避免了现有工艺中不可或缺的技师手工打磨抛光，或者上釉饰瓷等操作。
4、用于铣加工的陶瓷硬结素坯采用湿法成形技术制作时，其显微结构比干压成形和部分烧结的瓷块更均匀并且包含更少的颗粒堆积缺陷。
5、铣磨未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯更利于提高牙科全瓷修复体外表面光洁度。
6、在有模型料块支撑的条件下铣磨陶瓷硬结素坯或者部分烧结的瓷块更利于加工薄壁颈缘并且提高加工成品率。
7、本发明所述的牙科全瓷修复体的表面光洁度高，表面粗糙度(扫描电镜法)50～300nm，摩擦系数0.4～0.6。
附图说明
图1是目前常用的CAD/CAM技术加工成形的牙科全瓷修复体坯体(单冠)的示意图。
图2是本发明的牙科全瓷修复体坯体(单冠)的示意图。
图3是本发明的一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图4是本发明的另一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图5是通过本发明的另一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图6是本发明的一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图7是本发明的另一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图8是通过本发明的另一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法的步骤示意图。
图9a采用现有技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体的照片。
图9b采用本发明的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体照片。
图9c采用现有技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体的扫描电镜照片。
图9d采用本发明的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体的扫描电镜照片。
图中：1、模型料块，2、陶瓷硬结素坯，3、牙科全瓷修复体坯体，4、环套，5、密封圈，6、成形腔，7、支撑柱，8、多孔陶瓷瓷块
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。
本发明中，若非特指，所采用的原料和设备等均可从市场购得或是本领域常用的。下述实施例中的方法，如无特别说明，均为本领域的常规方法。
图1是目前常用的CAD/CAM技术加工成形的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(单冠)的示意图，牙科全瓷修复体坯体3的外表面(轴面)有与周围瓷块相连接的支撑柱7，加工完成后需要通过手工磨除。
如图2所示，本发明制作过程中无需支撑柱7将牙科全瓷修复体坯体3与周围模型料块或者瓷块连接固定，修复体外表面没有局部磨痕，表面光洁且结构均一。
本发明制作牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形方法可以包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
步骤2：制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型(以确保修复体在口内戴入时更符合真实牙列形态，恢复邻接关系和咬合功能)；
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件建立光学工作模，设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量；
步骤4：通过数控铣磨加工中心内铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模，或获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；单个模型料块上能加工单个单冠，单个三单位以上固定桥，多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥；
步骤5：在模型料块阴模内注入陶瓷胶体，或者在模型料块阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套，向环套与阳模之间的成形腔内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10％(质量百分比)以下后获得陶瓷硬结素 坯；
步骤6：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态、计算机蜡型外表面形态或计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤7：从模型料块中取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以在单个的模型料块和陶瓷硬结素坯上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体，例如，本发明在单个模型料块上能加工单个单冠，单个三单位以上固定桥，多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥。
实施例1
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图3所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照氧化锆全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图3a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石膏块，气孔率为20％)获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阴模。
步骤5：如附图3b，在模型料块1阴模内注入陶瓷胶体(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为50％，固相成分为氧化锆，液相成分为水)，通过石膏渗透干燥后陶瓷胶体成含水量9％(质量百分比)左右的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图3c，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边切削模型料块1以获得间隙，负压吸引取出修复体坯体(如附图3d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃烧结，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例2
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆-氧化铝复合材料单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图3所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照氧化锆-氧化铝复合材料全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：临床制取上下牙列印模，采用3Shape台式扫描仪D810直接扫描牙列印模，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM转化为牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图3a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石蜡块，气孔率为0％)获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阴模。
步骤5：如附图3b，在模型料块1阴模内注入陶瓷胶体(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为20％，固相成分由质量百分比计的20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液)，胶凝干燥后陶瓷胶体成液相含量4％(质量百分比)的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图3c，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边，切削模型料块1以获得间隙，负压吸引取出修复体坯体(如附图3d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃烧结，保温时间3h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例3
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化铝单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图4所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照氧化铝全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除 0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图4a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(聚乙烯料块，气孔率为60％)获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
步骤5：如附图4b，在模型料块1阴模内注入陶瓷胶体(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为60％，固相成分为氧化铝，液相成分为无水乙醇)，聚乙烯渗透干燥和电烘箱进一步干燥后陶瓷胶体成液相含量5％(质量百分比)的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图4c，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边，切削模型料块1以获得间隙，直接夹持取出修复体坯体(如附图4d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1600℃烧结，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例4
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆-氧化铝复合材料单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图4所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：临床制取上下牙列印模，采用3Shape台式扫描仪D810直接扫描牙列印模，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM转化为牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图4a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石膏块，气孔率为20％)获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
步骤5：如附图4b，在模型料块1阴模内注入陶瓷胶体(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为20％，固相成分由质量百分比计的20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液)，微波干燥后陶瓷胶体成液相含量低于10％(质量百分比)的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图4c，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边，切削模型料块1以获得间隙，负压吸引取出修复体坯体(如附图4d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃烧结，保温时间3h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例5
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆-氧化铝单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图5所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图5a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石蜡块，气孔率为0％)获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模。
步骤5：如附图5b，在模型料块1阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套4(环套4与阳模通过密封环5密封，从而形成成形腔6)，向环套4与阳模之间的成形腔6内注入陶瓷胶体，(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为50％，固相成分为95％氧化锆和5％氧化铝，液相成分为水)，胶凝干燥后陶瓷胶体成含水量3％(质量百分比)的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图5c，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型 形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边，切削模型料块1以获得间隙，负压吸引取出修复体坯体(如附图5d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃烧结，保温时间3h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例6
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化铝单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，如附图5所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照氧化铝全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.0mm～1.5mm，轴面磨除0.8～1.0mm，颈缘肩台宽0.3～0.5mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：如附图5a，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(环氧树脂块，气孔率为60％)获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模。
步骤5：如附图5b，在模型料块1阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套4(环套4与阳模通过密封环5密封，从而形成成形腔6)，向环套4与阳模之间的成形腔6内注入陶瓷胶体，(陶瓷胶体由固相成分和液相成分组成，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为60％，固相成分为氧化铝，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液)，胶凝干燥后陶瓷胶体成液相含量5％(质量百分比)的陶瓷硬结素坯2。
步骤6：如附图5c，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3。
步骤7：数控铣磨加工中心在修复体坯体周边，切削模型料块1以获得间隙，直接夹持取出修复体坯体(如附图5d)；
步骤8：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1600℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例7
针对病例及修复方案：前牙美学修复，制作前牙尖晶石牙贴面。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例6的步骤1-8，以及附图5，与实施例6不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷贴面的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
步骤4中模型料块1为石膏和石蜡的混合物，气孔率为40％(附图5a)；
步骤5中陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为25％，固相成分为尖晶石，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液(附图5b)；
步骤8中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例8
针对病例及修复方案：双尖牙牙体缺损，制作双尖牙石榴石嵌体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例6的步骤1-8，以及附图5，与实施例6不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷嵌体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
步骤4中模型料块1为石膏和环氧树脂的混合物，气孔率为20％(附图5a)；
步骤5中陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为35％，固相成分为石榴石，添加剂聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)，占固相成分重量百分比1％，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液(附图5b)；
步骤8中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例9
针对病例及修复方案：双尖牙牙体缺损，制作双尖牙莫来石高嵌体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例6的步骤1-8，以及附图5，与实施例6不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷高嵌体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
步骤4中模型料块1为石膏和环氧树脂的混合物，气孔率为20％(附图5a)；
步骤5中陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为30％，固相成分为莫来石，固相成分中包括添加剂聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)，占固相成分重量百分比5％，液相成分为90％乙醇水溶液(附图5b)；
步骤8中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例10
针对病例及修复方案：双尖牙牙体大面积缺损，根管治疗术后，制作双尖牙尖晶石-氧化锆桩核。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例6的步骤1-8，以及附图5，与实施例6不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷桩核的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
步骤4中模型料块1为石蜡，气孔率为0％(附图5a)；
步骤5中陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为20％，固相成分为5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆，固相成分中包括添加剂聚乙二醇(PEG)，占固相成分重量百分比5％，液相成分为水溶液(附图5b)；
步骤8中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例11
针对病例及修复方案：下前牙牙体大面积缺损，根管治疗术后，制作下前牙尖晶石-氧化铝桩核冠。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例6的步骤1-8，以及附图5，与实施例6不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷桩核冠的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
步骤4中模型料块1为石蜡，气孔率为0％(附图5a)
步骤5中陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，其中固相成分所占体积百分比为60％，固相成分为10％尖晶石与90％氧化铝，固相成分中包括添加剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)，占固相成分重量百分比3％，液相成分为水溶液(附图5b)
步骤8中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1600℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
本发明制作牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形方法可以有两种方案：
方案一包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
步骤2：制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型(以确保修复体在口内戴入时更符合真实牙列形态，恢复邻接关系和咬合功能)；
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量；
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯；多孔陶瓷瓷块可以是经过部分烧结的干压瓷块，也可以是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯。
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块；
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模陶瓷坯转移至与其匹配的步骤5所得阳模料块上合模，并采用非夹具固位方法固定(固位力满足陶瓷坯加工过程中稳定不发生振动、位移甚至掉落的要求)；
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨阴模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤8：从阳模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体；
方案二包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
步骤2：制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型(以确保修复体在口内戴入时更符合真实牙列形态，恢复邻接关系和咬合功能)；
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量；
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心向内铣模型料块，外形高点线至前牙切端 或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块；
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型外表面完整形态或步骤4中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态，或获得的具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯；
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模料块转移至步骤5所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用非夹具固位方法固定(固位力满足陶瓷坯加工过程中稳定不发生振动、位移甚至掉落的要求)；
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，或计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
所述方案一及方案二的步骤4、5中，可以通过单个阴/阳模陶瓷坯和相应单个阳/阴模料块的配合加工单个单冠或者单个三单位以上固定桥，也可通过配合在单个瓷块上加工多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴/阳模和在单个模型料块上加工相应的多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳/阴模加工多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥。
所述方案一及方案二的步骤8中，取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体的方法为直接夹持修复体坯体取出，或者通过负压吸引取出修复体坯体，必要时通过加热熔化粘接剂，取出过程中不破坏修复体坯体的完整性。
优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以分别在单个的阳模陶瓷坯、阴模陶瓷坯、阳模料块、阴模料块上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。例如，所述的步骤1可以通过单个阴/阳模陶瓷坯和相应单个阳/阴模料块的配合加工单个单冠或者单个三单位以上固定桥，也可通过配合在单个瓷块上加工多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴/阳模和在单个模型料块上加工相应的多个计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳/阴模加工多个单冠，或多个三单位以上固定桥。
以下是利用铣磨成形方法制作本发明的牙科全瓷修复体的具体实施例。
实施例12
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图6所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照氧化锆全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块2(氧化锆，气孔率为20％，是经过部分烧结的干压瓷块)，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯(见图6a)。
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石膏块)，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块(见图6b)。
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模陶瓷坯转移至与其匹配的步骤5所得阳模料块上合模，并采用真空固位固定(见图6c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣磨阴模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图6d)。
步骤8：从阳模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图6e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例13
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆-氧化铝复合材料单冠全瓷修复体。
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：临床制取上下牙列印模，采用3Shape台式扫描仪D810直接扫描牙列印模，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM转化为牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣多孔陶瓷瓷块2(20％氧化锆与80％氧化 铝组成的复合体，气孔率为60％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯)，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯(见图6a)。
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(石蜡)，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块(见图6b)。
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模陶瓷坯转移至与其匹配的步骤5所得阳模料块上合模，并采用粘接固位(粘接剂是蜡)固定(见图6c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣阴模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图6d)。
步骤8：从阳模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图6e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间3h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例14
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆-氧化铝复合材料单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图7所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：临床制取上下牙列印模，采用3Shape台式扫描仪D810直接扫描牙列印模，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM转化为牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，数控铣磨加工中心向内铣模型料块1(石膏)，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块1垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有部分计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块(图7a)。
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型外表面完整形态，数控铣磨加工中心铣多孔陶瓷瓷块2(20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成的复合体，气孔率为50％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯)，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阳模陶瓷坯(图7b)。
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模料块转移至步骤5所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用粘接固位(粘接剂是凡士林)固定(图7c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图7d)。
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图7e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间3h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例15
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化锆单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图7所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，数控铣磨加工中心向内铣模型料块1(石蜡)，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块1垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有部分计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块(图7a)。
步骤5：根据计算机蜡型外表面完整形态，数控铣磨加工中心铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块2(氧化锆，气孔率为50％，是经过部分烧结的干压瓷块)，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阳模陶瓷坯(图7b)。
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模料块转移至步骤5所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用真空固位固定(图7c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，用数控铣磨加工中心铣磨阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图7d)。
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图7e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例16
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙尖晶石-氧化锆单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图8所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(环氧树脂块)，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块1垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块(见图8a)。
步骤5：根据步骤4中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣多孔陶瓷瓷块2(5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆组成的复合体，气孔率为40％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯)，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯(见图8b)；
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模料块转移至与其匹配的步骤5所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用粘接固位(粘接剂是凡士林)固定(见图8c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态和计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图8d)。
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图8e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例17
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙石榴石-氧化铝单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图8所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(环氧树脂块)，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块1垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块(见图8a)。
步骤5：根据步骤4中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣多孔陶瓷瓷块2(10％石榴石与90％氧化铝组成的复合体，气孔率为40％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯)，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯(见图8b)；
步骤6：将步骤4所得阴模料块转移至与其匹配的步骤5所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用粘接固位(粘接剂是环氧树脂)固定(见图8c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态和计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图8d)。
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图8e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1600℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例18
针对病例及修复方案：后牙大面积牙体缺损，制作后牙氧化铝单冠全瓷修复体。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的铣磨成形制作方法，如附图8所示，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备：咬合面磨除1.5mm～2.0mm，轴面磨除1.0～1.5mm，颈缘肩台宽0.5～0.8mm，轴面聚合度6～8℃，各点角和线角圆钝流畅。
步骤2：采用3Shape口内扫描仪TROIS直接扫描上、下牙列，获得牙列光学模型。
步骤3：以步骤2所得牙列光学模型为数据源，通过牙科修复设计软件3Shape牙科CAD系统DentalDesignerTM建立光学工作模，设计全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型，其中考虑了陶瓷烧成收缩要求的放大量。
步骤4：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣多孔陶瓷瓷块2(氧化铝，气孔率为30％， 是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯)，外形高点线至后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块1垂直线铣，不制作外形高点以下的倒凹形态，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯(见图8b)。
步骤5：根据步骤4中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣模型料块1(聚乙烯)，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块(见图8a)；
步骤6：将步骤5所得阴模料块转移至与其匹配的步骤4所得阳模陶瓷坯上合模，并采用粘接固位(粘接剂是环氧树脂)固定(见图8c)。
步骤7：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态和计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，通过数控铣磨加工中心铣阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(见图8d)。
步骤8：从阴模料块上取下牙科全瓷修复体坯体3(图8e)。
步骤9：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内以升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1600℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例19
针对病例及修复方案：下前牙牙体缺失，制作下前牙尖晶石牙桥。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例17的步骤1-9，以及附图8，与实施例17不同的步骤是：
步骤1中按照全瓷牙桥的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备。
步骤4中模型料块1为聚乙烯和石蜡的混合物(见图8a)；
步骤5中多孔陶瓷瓷块2为尖晶石，气孔率为40％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯(见图8b)；
步骤9中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1400℃，保温时间2h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例20
针对病例及修复方案：下前牙牙体缺失，种植术后愈合良好，制作下前牙石榴石种植体基台。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例17的步骤2-9(种植体上部修复，无需进行牙体预备，省略步骤1)，以及附图8，与实施例17不同的步骤是：
步骤4中模型料块1为石膏和石蜡的混合物(见图8a)；
步骤5中多孔陶瓷瓷块2为石榴石，气孔率为40％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯(见图8b)；
步骤9中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间0.1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
实施例21
针对病例及修复方案：下前牙牙体缺失，种植术后愈合良好，制作下前牙莫来石种植体上部结构。
一种牙科全瓷修复体的湿法成形制作方法，参照实施例17的步骤2-9(种植体上部修复，无需进行牙体预备，省略步骤1)，以及附图8，与实施例17不同的步骤是：
步骤4中模型料块1为石膏和环氧树脂的混合物(见图8a)。
步骤5中多孔陶瓷瓷块2为莫来石，气孔率为40％，是未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯(见图8b)；
步骤9中烧结升温速率5～10℃/min烧结至1300℃，保温时间1h，随炉冷却，形成表面光洁的牙科全瓷修复体。
对比实施例1
采用扫描电镜法和摩擦系数评价实施例1-21的牙科全瓷修复体和现有技术制作的牙科全瓷修复体的表面光洁度/表面粗糙度。
样品制作：选取正畸减数拔除13～15岁青少年未磨耗的双尖牙作为摩擦试验样本，在环氧树脂中包埋固定，暴露天然牙颊侧表面的牙釉质至少5mm×5mm大小的平面，以300～2000目碳化硅砂纸顺序打磨抛光。
摩擦副的制作采用以下方法制作，确保对磨区域直径约4mm：(1)样品1-21：采用本发明所述的湿法成形方法以及铣磨成形方法制作的实施例1-21的牙科全瓷修复体；(2)样品22：采用现有技术铣磨干燥的部分烧结氧化锆瓷块(市售商品)，完全烧结后获得；(3)样品23：样品22通过1μm金刚砂粉进行表面高度抛光后获得；(4)样品24：样品22通过表面上釉后获得；(5)样品25：采用现有技术铣磨干燥的二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷瓷块(市售商品)，烧结后获得。
摩擦实验：应用微摩擦磨损试验机，在人工唾液介质下，通过球盘法测试天然牙与四组牙科氧化锆的摩 擦磨损过程。垂直载荷值为4N，摩擦运动方式为往复运动，位移幅度1mm，频率为2Hz，循环次数5500次。
评价：采用扫描电镜测试磨斑内表面显微沟隙深度。通过计算机控制并记录试验过程中不同循环次数下表面摩擦力与位移之间的变化关系,根据牙釉质与修复材料力学性能参数，计算摩擦系数。
结果见下表：
试样 表面粗糙度(nm) 摩擦系数
样品1-11 50-200 0.4-0.6
样品12、15 100-300 0.5-0.6
样品13,14,16-21 100-200 0.4-0.6
样品22 1000-3000 0.7-0.8
样品23 50-100 0.48-0.5
样品24 50-100 0.6-0.7
样品25 1000-6000 0.65-0.7
从表中可以看出采用现有技术铣磨干燥的预烧结氧化锆瓷块(样品22)和二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷瓷块(样品25)制作的修复体表面非常粗糙，表面粗糙度大于1000nm，摩擦系数大于0.6，远远高于本发明所述的湿法成形和铣磨成形技术制作的牙科修复体(样品1-21)的表面粗糙度和摩擦系数。样品22和样品25必须通过精细抛光和上釉才可以降低表面粗糙度，但是上釉表面仍不能有效降低摩擦系数，对天然牙仍有过度磨耗的潜在风险。而样品1-21不经任何表面处理即可达到类似精细抛光和上釉的表面光洁效果，满足临床应用要求。
对比实施例2
采用现有技术通过铣磨干燥的部分烧结氧化锆瓷块(市售商品)，完全烧结后获得牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体；采用本发明所述的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体，对比二者的大体外观和显微结构。
结果见图9。图9a所示采用现有技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体，大体外观可见表面有支撑柱连接点和局部磨痕(样品已局部打磨抛光)，表面不够光洁，需要进一步抛光上釉后才能临床应用。图9b所示采用本发明的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体，大体外观可见牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯。图9c所示采用现有技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体，扫描电镜照片显示牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体表面晶粒排布不均匀，凹凸不平，粗糙。图9d所示采用本发明的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体，扫描电镜照片显示本发明的湿法成形技术制作的牙科氧化锆全瓷修复体表面晶粒排布均匀平整。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一些较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种牙科全瓷修复体，其特征在于：所述的牙科全瓷修复体外表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯。
  2. 权利要求1所述的牙科全瓷修复体，其特征在于：所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作过程中无需支撑柱将牙科全瓷修复体坯体与周围模型料块或者瓷块连接固定。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的制作方法为湿法成形方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模，或具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；
    步骤2：在模型料块阴模内注入陶瓷胶体，或者在模型料块阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套，向环套与阳模之间的成型腔内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10％以下后获得陶瓷硬结素坯；
    步骤3：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态、计算机蜡型外表面形态或计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
    优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以在单个的模型料块和陶瓷硬结素坯上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述牙科全瓷修复体的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的制作方法包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：铣模型料块获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模，或具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模；
    步骤2：针对步骤1获得的阴模，在所述的阴模内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10wt％以下后获得阴模内的陶瓷硬结素坯；或者针对步骤1获得的阳模，在所述阳模外密封固定与阳模相匹配的环套，向环套与阳模之间的成型腔内注入陶瓷胶体，陶瓷胶体干燥至液相含量在10wt％以下后获得阳模内的陶瓷硬结素坯；
    步骤3：针对步骤2获得的阴模内的陶瓷硬结素坯，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态、或者计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；针对步骤2获得的阳模内的陶瓷硬结素坯，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣陶瓷硬结素坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
    优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以在单个的模型料块和陶瓷硬结素坯上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模为具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阴模或具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模；优选的，所述步骤1中，所述具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模制作时，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
  6. 根据权利要求3-5任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤1之前进一步还包括以下步骤：
    步骤A：进行牙体预备；
    步骤B：制取牙列光学模型；
    步骤C：以步骤B所得牙列光学模型为数据源，获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型；
    和/或
    所述的步骤3之后进一步还包括以下步骤：
    步骤D：取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
    步骤E：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成致密的牙科全瓷修复体；
    优选的，
    所述的步骤A按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
    所述的步骤B制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型；
    所述的步骤C通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型；
    所述的步骤D中，取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体的方法为切削修复体坯体周边的模型料块获得间隙，直接夹持修复体坯体取出或者通过负压吸引取出修复体坯体；
    步骤E中，烧结温度1300℃～1600℃，保温时间0.1h～3h。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述模型料块的材料选自石膏、石蜡、环氧树脂、聚乙烯中的一种或几种的组合；所述模型料块气孔率为0～60％，优选的气孔率为0～40％。
  8. 根据权利要求3-6任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述陶瓷胶体包括固相成分和液相成分，优选的，所述固相成分所占体积百分比为20％～60％，更优选的固相成分所占体积百分比为25％～35％；优选的，所述的液相成分选自水、醇、水与醇的混合物。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述的固相成分选自氧化铝、氧化锆、尖晶石、石榴石、莫来石中一种或几种的组合；优选的，按质量百分比计，所述固相组合成分选自5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆组成的复合体，20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成的复合体，10％尖晶石与90％氧化铝组成的复合体、95％氧化锆和5％氧化铝。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述的制作方法为铣磨成形方法，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯；铣磨模型料块，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块；或者根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯；铣磨模型料块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块；
    步骤2：将步骤1所得的阴模陶瓷坯和阳模料块合模固定；或者将步骤1所得阳模陶瓷坯和阴模料块合模固定；优选的，所述固定的方法为非夹具固位方法，更优选的，所述的非夹具固位方法为真空固位或粘接固位；更优选的，所述粘接固位使用的粘接剂是蜡、凡士林或环氧树脂；
    步骤3：针对步骤2合模固定的阴模陶瓷坯和阳模料块，根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，铣磨阴模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；针对步骤2合模固定的阳模陶瓷坯和阴模料块，根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，或者计算机蜡型内表面形态以及计算机蜡型外表面外形高点线以下部分的表面形态，铣磨阳模陶瓷坯，获得与计算机蜡型形态一致的牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
    优选的，根据所述的步骤1-步骤3可以分别在单个的阳模陶瓷坯、阴模陶瓷坯、阳模料块、阴模料块上制作一个或同时制作多个全瓷修复体坯体。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中，所述内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块为内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块；具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯为具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态的阳模陶瓷坯或具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯；作为优选，所述步骤1中，所述内部具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阴模料块或具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯制作时，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块或者陶瓷瓷块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯包括步骤1-A：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得内部具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阴模陶瓷坯；或所述步骤1获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块包括步骤1-B：根据计算机蜡型内表面形态，铣磨模型料块，获得具有计算机蜡型内表面形态的阳模料块。
  13. 权利要求10或11所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1获得具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阳模陶瓷坯包括步骤1-C：根据计算机蜡型外表面形态，向内铣磨模型料块，外形高点线至前牙切端或后牙咬合面的部分按照计算机蜡型外表面形态铣，外形高点线至颈缘部分沿着外形高点与模型料块垂直线铣，不制作外形高点线以下的倒凹形态，获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表 面部分形态的阴模料块；
    或
    所述步骤1获得内部具有计算机蜡型外表面形态的阴模料块包括步骤1-D：根据计算机蜡型外表面完整形态或步骤1-C中的计算机蜡型外表面部分形态，铣磨多孔陶瓷瓷块，获得具有计算机蜡型外表面完整形态，或获得的具有计算机蜡型外表面部分形态的阳模陶瓷坯。
  14. 根据权利要求10-13任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤1之前进一步还包括以下步骤：
    步骤A：进行牙体预备；
    步骤B：制取牙列光学模型；
    步骤C：以步骤B所得牙列光学模型为数据源，获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型；
    和/或
    所述的步骤3之后进一步还包括以下步骤：
    步骤D：取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体；
    步骤E：牙科全瓷修复体坯体放入烧结炉内烧结，形成致密的牙科全瓷修复体；
    优选的，
    所述的步骤A按照全瓷修复体的牙体预备标准进行常规牙体预备；
    所述的步骤B制取至少包含拟修复牙预备体、拟修复牙的两侧邻牙以及拟修复牙的对颌牙的牙列光学模型；
    所述的步骤C通过牙科修复设计软件设计获得全瓷修复体的计算机蜡型；
    所述的步骤D中，取出牙科全瓷修复体坯体的方法为直接夹持修复体坯体取出，或者通过负压吸引取出修复体坯体，必要时通过加热熔化粘接剂，取出过程中不破坏修复体坯体的完整性；
    所述步骤E中，烧结温度1300℃～1600℃，保温时间0.1h～3h。
  15. 根据权利要求10-14任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述模型料块材料选自石膏、石蜡、环氧树脂、聚乙烯中的一种或几种的组合。
  16. 根据权利要求10-14任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述多孔陶瓷瓷块的材料选自氧化铝、氧化锆、尖晶石、石榴石、莫来石中的一种或几种的组合；优选的，按质量百分比计，所述多孔陶瓷瓷块的材料选自5％尖晶石与95％氧化锆组成的复合体、20％氧化锆与80％氧化铝组成的复合体、10％石榴石与90％氧化铝组成的复合体。
  17. 根据权利要求10-14任一项所述的制作方法，其特征在于：所述的多孔陶瓷瓷块是经过部分烧结的瓷块或者未经烧结的陶瓷硬结素坯；优选的，所述部分烧结的瓷块是部分烧结的干压瓷块；优选的，所述多孔陶瓷瓷块气孔率为20～60％，优选的气孔率为30～50％。
  18. 一种牙科全瓷修复体，其特征在于，所述的牙科全瓷修复体按照权利要求3-17任一项所述的方法制得，所述的牙科全瓷修复体外表面没有支撑柱连接点、局部没有磨痕和崩裂，表面光洁、结构均匀连贯。
  19. 权利要求1、2、18所述的牙科全瓷修复体用于牙科修复中的用途。
  20. 权利要求1、2、18所述的牙科全瓷修复体选自牙贴面、嵌体、高嵌体、桩、桩核、桩核冠、牙冠、牙桥、种植体、种植基台、种植上部结构。
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