CN102681217A - 光调制器 - Google Patents

光调制器 Download PDF

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CN102681217A
CN102681217A CN2012100577626A CN201210057762A CN102681217A CN 102681217 A CN102681217 A CN 102681217A CN 2012100577626 A CN2012100577626 A CN 2012100577626A CN 201210057762 A CN201210057762 A CN 201210057762A CN 102681217 A CN102681217 A CN 102681217A
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CN102681217B (zh
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市川润一郎
及川哲
村田博司
小关泰之
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Abstract

一种光调制器,能够补偿光纤的波长色散且能够适用于超过数10Gbps的高速传送。上述光调制器具有:基板(1),由具有电光效应的材料构成;光波导(2),形成在该基板上;以及调制电极(3),用于对在该光波导中传播的光波进行调制,上述光调制器的特征在于,通过光纤对从该光波导射出的出射光(L2)进行导波,沿着该光波导使该基板以预定的图案极化反转(10),以具有与该光纤的波长色散特性相反的特性的波形失真。

Description

光调制器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光调制器,尤其涉及补偿光纤的波长色散的光调制器。
背景技术
在光通信领域及光计测领域,用光纤传送通过光调制器调制后的光波。在光纤中,光的传播速度及传播路径的长度根据波长而不同,因此产生波长色散,光信号的波形失真。尤其在标准单模光纤即SSMF中,波形的失真明显。因此,在超过40Gbps的高速通信或波长复用的高速传送系统等中,补偿光纤的波长色散的技术是必不可少的。
作为色散补偿方法,在光信号的接收器之前配置色散补偿光纤,或者采用使用专利文献1那样的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)或校准器等光器件的方法,还有利用专利文献2及非专利文献1那样的数字信号处理电路的方法等。在数字信号处理电路中,与波长色散所相关的实部及虚部的变化对应地生成由数字信号处理器补偿的脉冲响应。
在色散补偿光纤中,根据其补偿量的最小单位,补偿精度受到限制,此外在波分复用(WDM)光等的波长色散补偿中,为了对WDM光等进行分波,还需要另行设置FBG等作为波长色散补偿器的光器件。并且,FBG等光器件不仅能够处理的波长带域受到限制,光损失也大。此外,在数字信号处理电路中,产生了从技术上难以实现超过40Gbps的高速处理的问题。
专利文献1:日本特开2004-12714号公報
专利文献2:日本特开2010-226254号公報
非专利文献1:Robert I.Kelley,et al.,″Electronic DispersionCompensation by Signal Predistortion Using Digital Processing and aDual-Drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator″,IEEE Photonics Technology letters,Vol.17,No.3,pp714-716,2005
发明内容
本发明要解决的课题在于,提供一种能够补偿光纤的波长色散并且能够适用于超过数10Gbps的高速传送的光调制器。
为了解决上述课题,技术方案1的发明的光调制器,具有:基板,由具有电光效应的材料构成;光波导,形成在该基板上;以及调制电极,用于对在该光波导中传播的光波进行调制,上述光调制器的特征在于,通过光纤对从该光波导射出的出射光进行导波,沿着该光波导使该基板以预定的图案极化反转,以具有与该光纤的波长色散特性相反的特性的波形失真。
技术方案2的发明的特征在于,在技术方案1所述的光调制器中,该光波导具有包括两个分支波导的马赫-曾德尔型波导,一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为补偿该光纤的脉冲响应h(t)的脉冲响应1/h(t)的实部响应性所对应的图案,另一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为上述脉冲响应1/h(t)的虚部响应性所对应的图案,通过了上述两个分支波导的光波以预定的相位差合波。
技术方案3的发明的特征在于,在技术方案2所述的光调制器中,该光纤的脉冲响应h(t)由下式提供,
[数学式1]
h ( t ) = 1 2 π ∫ H ( ω ) exp ( - jωt ) dt
其中,H(ω)为光纤的传递函数,H(ω)=exp(jβ(ω)L),β(ω)为在光纤中传播的光波的相位常数,L为光纤的长度。
根据技术方案1的发明的光调制器,具有:基板,由具有电光效应的材料构成;光波导,形成在该基板上;以及调制电极,用于对在该光波导中传播的光波进行调制,通过光纤对从该光波导射出的出射光进行导波,沿着该光波导使该基板以预定的图案极化反转,以具有与该光纤的波长色散特性相反的特性的波形失真,因此通过光调制器将电信号转换成光信号时,预先具有基于光纤的波长色散的波形失真的相反特性,从而即使产生基于光纤的波长色散,也能够补偿特性劣化。并且,能够与波长无关地补偿波形劣化,还不使用数字信号处理技术,因此可提供能够适用于超过数10Gbps的高速传送的光调制器。
根据技术方案2的发明,该光波导具有包括两个分支波导的马赫-曾德尔型波导,一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为补偿该光纤的脉冲响应h(t)的脉冲响应1/h(t)的实部响应性所对应的图案,另一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为上述脉冲响应1/h(t)的虚部响应性所对应的图案,通过了上述两个分支波导的光波以预定的相位差合波,因此,能够容易生成补偿光纤的波长色散的光波。并且,通过调整极化反转图案、相位差,能过对多种光纤的波长色散容易进行设计、设定。
根据技术方案3的发明,通过使用上述[数学式1]所示的光纤的脉冲响应h(t),能够容易设计及设定与各种光纤及长度对应的补偿波长色散的极化反转图案。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的光调制器的一例的图。
图2是表示补偿光纤的脉冲响应的实部响应性(Reh*(t))和虚部响应性(Imh*(t))的一例的图表。
标号说明
1使用了具有电光效应的材料的基板
2光波导
21,22分支波导
3信号电极
10极化反转图案
L1入射光
L2出射光
S调制信号
具体实施方式
以下使用优选例详细说明本发明。
如图1所示,本发明的光调制器具有:基板1,由具有电光效应的材料构成;光波导2,形成在该基板上;以及调制电极3,用于对在该光波导中传播的光波进行调制,上述光调制器的特征在于,用光纤(未图示)对从该光波导射出的出射光L2进行导波,沿着该光波导使该基板以预定的图案极化反转10,以具有与该光纤的波长色散特性相反的特性的波形失真。
作为本发明的使用具有电光效应的材料的基板,例如可以使用铌酸锂、钽酸锂、PLZT(锆钛酸铅镧)及组合上述材料而成的基板。尤其优选电光效应高且容易形成任意的极化反转结构的材料。具体地说是铌酸锂、钽酸锂、电光聚合物。
作为在基板上形成光波导2的方法,可以通过热扩散法或质子交换法等在基板表面上扩散Ti等而形成。此外,也可以利用蚀刻光波导以外的基板或在光波导的两侧形成槽等在基板上与光波导对应的部分为凸状的脊形状的波导。
在基板1上形成信号电极3及接地电极等调制电极,上述电极可以通过形成Ti/Au的电极图案及镀金方法等形成。此外,也可以根据需要在形成光波导后的基板表面上设置电介质SiO2等缓冲层,在缓冲层上形成调制电极。图1的标号S为调制信号。
在本发明的光调制器上以光学方式接合有光纤。可以采用在具有电光效应的基板上利用毛细管等直接接合光纤的方法,也可以在具有电光效应的基板上接合形成有光波导的石英基板等,在该石英基板等上接合光纤。此外,也可以在具有电光效应的基板或石英基板等上经由空间光学系统向光纤导入出射光。
在本发明的光调制器中,使用图1所示的具有电光效应的材料的基板,使基板的一部分极化反转10。箭头P1、P2表示基板的极化方向。若将这种极化反转结构适用于行波电极电光调制器,则能够获得模拟速度匹配、完全零啁啾(zero-chirp)强度调制、光SSB调制等有用的特性。本发明人关注于具有极化反转结构的行波电极调制器的调制频率特性由与极化反转图案直接对应的脉冲响应的傅里叶变换提供这一点而完成了本发明。
即,如本发明这样,通过利用该特性,能够实现兼备预均衡功能的光调制器。并且,本发明的光调制器不同于普通的基带调制器,不需要整合调制光的群速度和调制信号的相位速度,因此通过使用剖面积大的超低损失的行波电极,能够实现超过数10GHz的超高速响应。此外,如现有的数字信号处理电路那样,还能够实现超过了使用高速A/D转换技术的电均衡技术的界限的动作。在本发明的光调制器中,不需要高速的数字信号处理电路,还能够实现低耗电的驱动。此外,还能够期待基于光纤的波长色散的传送信号的相位旋转补偿等各种应用。
以下,以进行光纤的色散补偿的光调制器为中心进行说明。本发明的光调制器通过采用使用了极化反转的电光调制技术,将电信号转换成光信号时,预先具有基于光纤的波长色散的波形失真的相反特性,从而补偿特性劣化。
本发明的光调制器还能够适用于数10Gbps以上、进一步超过100Gbps的高速传送的情况。并且,能够与波长无关地补偿波形劣化。因此,本发明是超越现有的色散补偿技术的划时代的技术。本发明所利用的色散补偿技术的特征包括以下几点。
(1)能够应对数字信号处理技术中难以应对的超过40Gbps的高速电子
(2)没有像FBG方式那样的波长带域的限制
(3)能够与数据调制器集成
兼备上述(1)及(2)的特征是以往的色散补偿技术所不具备的,本发明的技术尤其作为波长复用的高速传送系统中的色散补偿技术非常优异。
详细说明本发明的光调制器中的色散补偿技术。
若将在光纤中传播的光波的相位常数设为β(ω),则长度为L的光纤的传递函数H(ω)如下式所示。
H(ω)=exp(jβ(ω)L)
此外,在色散补偿中,考虑将β(ω)在载波角频率ω=ω0的周围进行泰勒展开时的2次项即可,能够如下变形。
H(ω)=exp(jβ2ω2L/2)
在此,β2表示泰勒展开的2次项,表示群速度色散。
由此,光纤的脉冲响应h(t)能够表现为以下数学式2所示的式子。
[数学式2]
h ( t ) = 1 2 π ∫ H ( ω ) exp ( - jωt ) dt
= 1 2 π ∫ exp ( jβ 2 ω 2 L / 2 ) exp ( - jωt ) dt
= 1 2 πβ 2 L exp [ j ( - t 2 2 β 2 L + π 4 ) ] - - - ( 1 )
在补偿光纤的色散时,用于光纤的色散补偿的传递函数为1/H(ω)=H*(ω),因此在光调制器中只要进行色散补偿的脉冲响应即h*(t)(=1/h(t))所对应的调制即可。具体地说,在使用图1所示的具有马赫-曾德尔型波导的MZ干涉型光调制器的情况下,在一个分支波导21进行h*(t)的实部响应性Re{h*(t)}的调制,在另一个分支波导进行虚部响应性Im{h*(t)}的调制,以预定的相位差合成两者即可。相位差优选设定为达到90°。
图2是表示用于色散补偿的脉冲响应h*(t)的实部响应性Re{h*(t)})和虚部响应性Im{h*(t)}的图表。
通常情况下,难以自由设定脉冲响应性,但若像强电介质材料那样具备一次电光效应的材料具有极化反转结构,则能够容易实现该脉冲响应。
具体地说,如图1所示,光波导2具有包括两个分支波导(21、22)的马赫-曾德尔型波导,一个分支波导上形成的极化反转10的图案为补偿上述光纤的脉冲响应h(t)的脉冲响应h*(t)(=1/h(t))的实部响应性所对应的图案,另一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为色散补偿的脉冲响应h*(t)的虚部响应性所对应的图案即可。
通过两个分支波导的光波以预定的相位差合波。作为产生该相位差的方法,可以利用调整各分支波导的长度的方法、使用沿着分支波导配置的信号电极或DC偏压电极来调整分支波导的折射率的方法等。
图1的光调制器作为具有预均衡功能的色散补偿调制器而动作。此外,若使用Double MZ调制器,则能够实现更高精度的色散补偿。并且,还能够并用QPSK调制和双二进制调制。
如上所述,根据本发明所涉及的光调制器,可提供能够补偿光纤的波长色散,且能够适用于超过数10Gbps的高速传送的光调制器。

Claims (3)

1.一种光调制器,具有:基板,由具有电光效应的材料构成;光波导,形成在该基板上;以及调制电极,用于对在该光波导中传播的光波进行调制,上述光调制器的特征在于,
通过光纤对从该光波导射出的出射光进行导波,沿着该光波导使该基板以预定的图案极化反转,以具有与该光纤的波长色散特性相反的特性的波形失真。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光调制器,其特征在于,
该光波导具有包括两个分支波导的马赫-曾德尔型波导,
一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为补偿该光纤的脉冲响应h(t)的脉冲响应1/h(t)的实部响应性所对应的图案,
另一个分支波导上形成的极化反转的图案为上述脉冲响应1/h(t)的虚部响应性所对应的图案,
通过了上述两个分支波导的光波以预定的相位差合波。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光调制器,其特征在于,
该光纤的脉冲响应h(t)由下式提供,
[数学式3]
h ( t ) = 1 2 π ∫ H ( ω ) exp ( - jωt ) dt
其中,H(ω)为光纤的传递函数,H(ω)=exp(jβ(ω)L),β(ω)为在光纤中传播的光波的相位常数,L为光纤的长度。
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