Technical background
The mango four seasons are evergreen, and its branches and leaves are very luxuriant.Mango is happiness light fruit tree, and sufficient illumination can promote flower bud differentiation, bloom and bear fruit and improve fruit quality.The sunny side of common mango tree crown or the individual plant under spacious environment are bloomed many, and fruit-setting rate is high, and the mango of canopy, illumination deficiency is yielded positive results less, fruit appearance and quality inequality; In addition, winter, mango was prone to branch overgrowing phenomenon, consumed the tree material of recuperating, and the reduction tree vigo(u)r directly affects the mango dormancy quality of surviving the winter safely winter, it can not be survived the winter safely, again to coming annual production to threaten.Branches and leaves too much, can repair Jian by shaping, the illumination condition, in tree abounds with the phase with raising output and prolongation in improvement the garden in.Therefore, ensure the stable and high yields of mango, all need every year trimming leaf guarantee fruit-setting rate high, by trimming leaf, to the mango body, create good growing environment, give the tree volume tired sufficient nutrition, also for the good harvest in the coming year, establish solid foundation.So, in the mango place of production, its resource of mango branches and leaves of pruning is very abundant, and at present, the mango branches and leaves of pruning burn except being used as firewood, other purposes useless.The waste in vain like this of large good resource.
Being used for culturing edible fungus with the mango branches and leaves as raw material, is the good gateway of an agriculture and forestry stalk resource comprehensive utilization." edible mushroom " magazine of the 02nd phase in 1996 has been published in " mango fallen leaves raw material bag is planted the trial of flat mushroom " literary composition of being delivered by Gan Xulian, has utilized exactly mango to fall leaves cultivating white mushroom.And mango fallen leaves quality is light, production yield is few, so its availability is not high.In addition, the relative mango fallen leaves of the resource of manggo branch, its raw material is more easily collected, both effect contrasts, the mango fallen leaves are because fiber is few, so its biological transformation ratio is low, far away less than manggo branch.
In addition, mango is leaf wood, and its branches and leaves are well suited for fungus cultivation.But at present, application mango branches and leaves come fungus cultivation there are no relevant report.
In the mango place of production, the mango forest land area is wide.And at present, at the bottom of mango, be idle, do comprehensive development and utilization almost nil at the bottom of mango. always
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and will change the status quo and provide that brand-new a kind of to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango underslung type fungus cultivation.Specifically comprise: the mango branches and leaves pruned of take are prepared ear culture medium and are gone out preparation method and the process of ear cultivation bag as primary raw material; Two stages of 3 annual~April and 8~September that are arranged in are produced cultivation bags, and respectively at 5~June and 10~November designated port go out ear; While producing cultivation, cultivation bag is to hang on mango by layout; And the syrinx that goes out is routinely managed to receiving ear etc.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
1, a kind of mango branches and leaves of take pruning are the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, technical scheme comprises: suitable cultivation arranges and suitable mango system of selection of hanging edible tree fungi cultivation bag season, the mango branches and leaves pruned of take are prepared the method for ear culture medium as primary raw material, the preparation method of edible tree fungi cultivation bag, cultivation bag hangs and goes out syrinx reason method at the mango rime.
It is 2, a kind of that to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, the suitable cultivation in technical scheme arrange season and suitable mango system of selection of hanging edible tree fungi cultivation bag as follows:
(1) suitable cultivation season: the spring stubble is produced cultivation bag in 3~April, 5~June, designated port went out ear; The autumn stubble is produced cultivation bag in 8~September, 10~November, designated port went out ear;
(2) mango is selected: select the height of tree be approximately 1.2~1.6 meters, tree crown width approximately the mango of 1~1.2 meter hang edible tree fungi cultivation bag.
3, a kind of to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and the method that the mango branches and leaves pruned of take in technical scheme are prepared ear culture medium as primary raw material is as follows:
(1) selection of mango branches and leaves raw material and processing: select through drying to the solids water content and be 18~20%, be raw material without the mango branches and leaves that go mouldy, and be crushed to can mistake 50~60 orders standby;
(2) raw material and the proportioning that form: mango branches and leaves crushed material 84%, wheat bran 14%, quicklime 1%, gypsum 1%, water is appropriate;
(3) raw material is mixed: by above-mentioned mango branches and leaves crushed material, wheat bran, quicklime, gypsum mixes and be stirred into compound, more appropriate water and compound be stirred, the while is adjusted to 60~65% to the water content of compound;
(4) vexed heap: above-mentioned water content is adjusted to 60~65% compound and banks out into the mountain shape, with plastic film, hide tight and draw ear culture medium through vexed heap 4~5 hours.
4, a kind of mango branches and leaves of take pruning are the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and in technical scheme, the preparation method of edible tree fungi cultivation bag is as follows:
(1) culture base-material pack: selecting specification is that the polypropylene knuckle plastic sack of 16 * 33cm is as cultivation bag, limit rim compacting during the dress culture base-material, make that cultivation bag four angle braces rise, aptychus, when culture base-material is filled to the bag shoulder, make a call to hole that an aperture is 2~2.5cm to a bag end in the material middle, then with non-cotton cover or the collar, cultivation bag is sealed;
(2) sterilizing: the cultivation bag that will install culture base-material is placed under high pressure that pressure cooker inherence 1.4~1.5 kilograms/cm2 pressure, temperature are 115~121 ℃, hot conditions and maintains sterilizing 2 hours; When the inherent temperature of normal pressure pot has reached 100 ℃ and maintain such temperature sterilizing 8~10 hours;
(3) inoculation: the auricularia auriculajudae liquid spawn that access is cultivated routinely under gnotobasis, bacterium ball size is even, energetic, the access amount is 15~20ml/ bag;
(4) cultivation: but the culturing room that the cultivation bag that will connect kind moves to lucifuge, can ventilate, between culture period, omnidistance lucifuge is cultivated, culturing room's temperature remains on 25~28 ℃, environment relative air humidity and remains on 55~60%, when in cultivation bag, mycelia grows to 2/3, to keep every day ventilating 2 times, each 20~30 minutes, general 20~25 days, mycelia was covered with bag;
(5) designated port: when mycelia is covered with bag, draw " V " or "+" type mouth all over the body at cultivation bag, line length is 2~2.5cm, and the degree of depth is 0.2~0.4cm, and angle is 45~60 to spend, approximately 8~10/bag of quantity.
5, a kind of to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and the cultivation bag in technical scheme hangs and to go out syrinx reason method as follows at the mango rime:
(1) hang and hang cultivation bag: eliminate clean by the weeds at the bottom of each strain mango and foreign material, then some ropes of tighten on each branch of every strain mango, each rope from along under with rope the cultivation bag that passes through designated port at its sealing part tighten and be fixed on rope, article one, rope can be hung several cultivation bags simultaneously, can hang how many cultivation bags will arrange according to size and the enabling capabilities of tree strain, while hanging and will the distance of the upper and lower and left and right between each cultivation bag be controlled to 10~15cm respectively by layout, so whole strain mango is all hung to full cultivation bag,
(2) go out syrinx reason: after cultivation bag is hung, routinely management to going out ear, gather so go out ear, recovery process completes.
The existing following advantage of the present invention:
1, method and measure uniqueness proposed by the invention, method technique is simple, easily enforcement.
2, implement the present invention's primary raw material used---the mango branches and leaves of pruning,, wide material sources abundant in its raw material resources of the mango place of production, easily tissue, cheap; Mango is leaf wood, its branches and leaves are well suited for fungus cultivation, carry out fungus cultivation with it, not only can produce significant economic benefit, can transform in a large number and utilize the mango branches and leaves that are originally discarded, and reduced and burned the pollution to atmosphere, soil, water quality, environment that the mango branches and leaves cause simultaneously, lengthening manufacturing chain also, make the multistage increment of agricultural resources, increase the industry added value, increase farmers' income.
3, implement place---the mango forest land at place of the present invention, the mango forest land area is wide, and be idle always, edible tree fungi cultivation bag is hung to full mango branch, make its space availability ratio larger, it is more convenient to manage, while going out ear, space under mango is all auricularia auriculajudae, and scene is very grand, and this also increases a beautiful scenery for sightseeing tour; This pattern is also very convenient when auricularia auriculajudae is gathered.
4, by implementing the present invention, at the bottom of mango, various weeds, foreign material are eliminated fully, and the culture matrix of leaving over after the auricularia auriculajudae of having gathered can be regarded organic manure directly lowerly, can effectively improve soil, also in fertilising process afterwards, can reduce and discharge commercial fertilizer, reach comprehensive cyclic utilization.
5, by implementing the present invention, be conducive to improve labor productivity, resource utilization and farm labor efficiency; Can improve soil condition, be conducive to the growth of fruit tree and preserve the ecological environment; Utilize such cultivation mode, the peasant is neither increasing how many investments, does not reduce again under the prerequisite of other crop yield and realizes the multi-storied agriculture production model, makes fruit, bacterium realize bumper harvests.
6, by implementing the present invention, formed between biology the mutually beneficial group relation of helping each other, the metabolite of secreting in edible bacteria growing growth course can increase soil fertility behind ground, promote crop growth, edible mushroom breathes the carbonic acid gas discharged, the photosynthetic raw material of crops, can promote that increasing crop yield increases income just.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, method of the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of mango branches and leaves of take pruning are the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and embodiment is as follows:
1, a kind of mango branches and leaves of take pruning are the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, technical scheme comprises: suitable cultivation arranges and suitable mango system of selection of hanging edible tree fungi cultivation bag season, the mango branches and leaves pruned of take are prepared the method for ear culture medium as primary raw material, the preparation method of edible tree fungi cultivation bag, cultivation bag hangs and goes out syrinx reason method at the mango rime.
It is 2, a kind of that to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, the suitable cultivation in technical scheme arrange season and suitable mango system of selection of hanging edible tree fungi cultivation bag as follows:
(1) suitable cultivation season: the spring stubble is produced cultivation bag in 3~April, 5~June, designated port went out ear; The autumn stubble is produced cultivation bag in 8~September, 10~November, designated port went out ear;
(2) mango is selected: select the height of tree be approximately 1.2~1.6 meters, tree crown width approximately the mango of 1~1.2 meter hang edible tree fungi cultivation bag.
3, a kind of to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and the method that the mango branches and leaves pruned of take in technical scheme are prepared ear culture medium as primary raw material is as follows:
(1) selection of mango branches and leaves raw material and processing: select through drying to the solids water content and be 18~20%, be raw material without the mango branches and leaves that go mouldy, and be crushed to can mistake 50~60 orders standby;
(2) raw material and the proportioning that form: mango branches and leaves crushed material 84%, wheat bran 14%, quicklime 1%, gypsum 1%, water is appropriate;
(3) raw material is mixed: by above-mentioned mango branches and leaves crushed material, wheat bran, quicklime, gypsum mixes and be stirred into compound, more appropriate water and compound be stirred, the while is adjusted to 60~65% to the water content of compound;
(4) vexed heap: above-mentioned water content is adjusted to 60~65% compound and banks out into the mountain shape, with plastic film, hide tight and draw ear culture medium through vexed heap 4~5 hours.
4, a kind of mango branches and leaves of take pruning are the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and in technical scheme, the preparation method of edible tree fungi cultivation bag is as follows:
(1) culture base-material pack: selecting specification is that the polypropylene knuckle plastic sack of 16 * 33cm is as cultivation bag, limit rim compacting during the dress culture base-material, make that cultivation bag four angle braces rise, aptychus, when culture base-material is filled to the bag shoulder, make a call to hole that an aperture is 2~2.5cm to a bag end in the material middle, then with non-cotton cover or the collar, cultivation bag is sealed;
(2) sterilizing: the cultivation bag that will install culture base-material is placed under high pressure that pressure cooker inherence 1.4~1.5 kilograms/cm2 pressure, temperature are 115~121 ℃, hot conditions and maintains sterilizing 2 hours; When the inherent temperature of normal pressure pot has reached 100 ℃ and maintain such temperature sterilizing 8~10 hours;
(3) inoculation: the auricularia auriculajudae liquid spawn that access is cultivated routinely under gnotobasis, bacterium ball size is even, energetic, the access amount is 15~20ml/ bag;
(4) cultivation: but the culturing room that the cultivation bag that will connect kind moves to lucifuge, can ventilate, between culture period, omnidistance lucifuge is cultivated, culturing room's temperature remains on 25~28 ℃, environment relative air humidity and remains on 55~60%, when in cultivation bag, mycelia grows to 2/3, to keep every day ventilating 2 times, each 20~30 minutes, general 20~25 days, mycelia was covered with bag;
(5) designated port: when mycelia is covered with bag, draw " V " or "+" type mouth all over the body at cultivation bag, line length is 2~2.5cm, and the degree of depth is 0.2~0.4cm, and angle is 45~60 to spend, approximately 8~10/bag of quantity.
5, a kind of to take the mango branches and leaves of pruning be the method for primary raw material at mango hanging fungus cultivation, and the cultivation bag in technical scheme hangs and to go out syrinx reason method as follows at the mango rime:
(1) hang and hang cultivation bag: eliminate clean by the weeds at the bottom of each strain mango and foreign material, then some ropes of tighten on each branch of every strain mango, each rope from along under with rope the cultivation bag that passes through designated port at its sealing part tighten and be fixed on rope, article one, rope can be hung several cultivation bags simultaneously, can hang how many cultivation bags will arrange according to size and the enabling capabilities of tree strain, while hanging and will the distance of the upper and lower and left and right between each cultivation bag be controlled to 10~15cm respectively by layout, so whole strain mango is all hung to full cultivation bag,
(2) go out syrinx reason: after cultivation bag is hung, routinely management to going out ear, gather so go out ear, recovery process completes.