CN102629640A - 间距紧密的、高纵横比的挤出的网格线 - Google Patents

间距紧密的、高纵横比的挤出的网格线 Download PDF

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CN102629640A
CN102629640A CN2012101022511A CN201210102251A CN102629640A CN 102629640 A CN102629640 A CN 102629640A CN 2012101022511 A CN2012101022511 A CN 2012101022511A CN 201210102251 A CN201210102251 A CN 201210102251A CN 102629640 A CN102629640 A CN 102629640A
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extrusion
grid line
substrate
outlet opening
extruded
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D·K·富尔克
T·S·齐默曼
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SolarWorld Innovations GmbH
Palo Alto Research Center Inc
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Abstract

采用两个或更多的共挤出头共挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质,在基底的表面上制造间距紧密的高纵横比网格线结构,使得沉积的网格线物质被压缩在牺牲物质的相对的部分之间。该共挤出头包括三流道空腔结构,该结构会聚到相对较小的出口,该出口孔以相对精细的结构和高纵横比分配网格线物质。共挤出头的出口孔交错排列,使得从第一共挤出头挤出的网格线被布置在从第二共挤出头挤出的两个网格线之间。光电池是采用以这样的方式形成的金属网格线生产的。

Description

间距紧密的、高纵横比的挤出的网格线
本申请是以下申请的分案申请:申请日2007年10月31日,申请号200710167683.X,发明名称“间距紧密的、高纵横比的挤出的网格线”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种挤出系统和方法,特别是涉及一种微挤出系统,以及对多种相同和/或不同材料进行共挤出以形成具有相对高纵横比的相对精细的结构的方法。
背景技术
对于传统挤出,料坯通过模具被压缩和/或拉伸来制造杆、轨道、管等等。这一能力有益于多种应用。例如,挤出可以被用于食品加工中,制造面团、谷物、快餐等,管状油酥面的浆料(如蛋白酥皮筒),在曲奇盘中给曲奇面团造型,制造塑料花和蛋糕的镶边等等。在另外一些应用中,挤出被用来制造消费产品,例如,将不同颜色的牙膏混合挤在牙刷上。
传统的挤出技术有一定的局限性,例如,利用传统的挤出技术无法获得高的纵横比(如2∶1或更大)、精细特征的(如小于50微米)或是多孔的结构。因此,通常挤出是不能用于制造导电连接件和/或用于电化学的沟槽(如燃料),太阳能和/或其它类型的电池,而这些高纵横比、特征精细的、多孔结构可以增加效率和电能的产生。
做为例子,燃料电池,高纵横比的、特征精细的、多孔的电解质结构提供了长反应区,后者增加了电极所须的昂贵催化剂的利用率。另外,燃料电池还可能有复杂的结构,因为它们执行了多种功能,包括:从薄膜向反应层传导质子;在低局部压差条件下扩散氧到反应层;从多孔的电极向反应层传导电子;从反应层中带走热量;以及承受范围从100到200帕的压缩机械负荷;传统的挤出技术不能满足这些燃料电池行业的成本需求,为了增加效率,燃料电池的制造者使用了比所需更多的催化剂以增加反应层数量,并且使得带有多孔模的铂和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的碳附聚物被催化,对于太阳能电池,高纵横比的,特征精细的网格可以减少阴影的数量,可以使更多的光子被捕捉,这样可以产生更多的电能。传统的挤出技术不能以太阳能电池行业所需的成本制造出这样的网格。
还有很多其它的实际设备,它们得益于用于产生高纵横比网格和特征的快速、经济的装置。例如,图12所示等离子显示面板就是这样装置的一个例子,其包含在面板内限定亚像素的阻挡肋。这个阻挡肋是一个电子绝缘结构,并且优选是高纵横比结构,这样增加了面板的每英寸点的分辩率和填充因子。
需要提供一种例如在制造高质量光电电池和等离子显示面板时采用的有效地产生间隙紧密的、高纵横比网格线的系统和方法。
发明内容
本发明描述了一种用于在基底表面制造间隙紧密的、高纵横比的网格线结构的设备和方法,在基底表面上,网格带着牺牲物质一起被共挤出,这样高纵横比的网格可以在两牺牲物质部分之间被支撑住(这些牺牲部分是随后要去掉的),这样的共挤出结构的形成要求网格线物质在两牺牲物质部之间被挤出,要求使用相关联的宽度的三流道空腔,该三流道空腔以一种在两牺牲物质部分之间挤出网格线物质的方式,形成相对窄的出口。由于三流道空腔的宽度,在每个挤出头的相邻的两个出口孔之间的距离(也是挤出来网格的间距)比最佳网格间距要大,例如在太阳能电池中。根据本发明,在两个相邻的出口孔之间的相对宽的间距会被平行设置的多个共挤出头补偿,使得它们相关联的的出口孔交叉排列。当随后使组件在基底上方移动并且将共挤出物质从相关联的出口强制压出时,所产生的交替的平行网格具有期望的(相对小的)间距。当牺牲物质随后被移去的时候,所产生的间距紧密的高纵横比的网格被设置在基底表面上。
根据本发明的特定实施例,制造光电池的方法包括制造合适的半导体基底,然后用上述的方式,在基底表面上形成间距紧密的高纵横比的金属网格线。
附图说明
根据以下描述、附加的权利要求、附图,本发明的这些和其它的内容、优点就变得更容易理解,其中;
图1为具有可以在基底上同时应用两种或更多种材料的挤出头的挤出装置的透视图;
图2为在图1所示装置中采用的共挤出头的一部分的分解透视图;
图3为图2所示的共挤出头加工后的组装透视图;
图4(A)和4(B)为在图3所示的共挤出头中限定的三通道空腔的横截面侧视图;
图5为侧视图,其示出了示例性共挤出网格线结构,该结构是通过图4(B)的共挤出头在基底表面上产生的;
图6为显示图4的共挤出头的更大部分的侧向剖视图;
图7为由图6的共挤出头产生的一系列共挤出网格线结构的侧向剖视图;
图8为根据本发明一方面的交错排列的多个共挤出头以及由所述多个共挤出头产生的间距紧密的网格线结构的正视图;
图9为根据本发明的另一方面在基底上形成的金属网格线的剖视图;
图10示出了含有根据本发明形成的网格线的光电池;
图11为根据本发明的另一实施例形成的光电池的简化流程图;
图12为示例性等离子显示面板一部分的简化横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为一个挤出设备100,包括挤出装置110,该挤出装置110包括两个或多个固定安装在其上的共挤出头130-1、130-2,挤出装置110与第一供料源111和第二供料源114相连,该第一供料源含有牺牲物质112,第二供料源含有网格线物质115,挤出头130-1和130-2可操作地与供料源111和114相连,使得挤出头130-1和130-2可以同时将牺牲物质112和网格线物质115涂敷到基底101的表面102上。这些物质通过挤出和/或拉伸技术(如热和冷)被涂敷,也即是这些物质通过挤出装置110和/或共挤出头130-1和130-2被挤出(如压紧等)和/或拉拔(如通过真空等),并从一个或多个出口孔(排出口)135流出,这些出口分别被限定在共挤出头130-1和130-2的下部。
根据本发明的一方面,共挤出头130-1和130-2被挤出装置110固定,使得它们的各个出口孔可以被平行地,以一定的间隔设置。特别地,沿第一方向XI延伸的共挤出头130-1的(第一)出口孔(例如出口孔135-11和135-12)和第二共挤出头130-2的(第二)出口孔(例如出口孔135-21和135-22)限定了与第一方向XI平行且间隔设置的第二方向X2。
根据本发明的另一方面,装置100包括用于沿垂直于出口孔排列的方向移动挤出装置110(由此移动共挤出头130-1和130-2)的机构(图中未示出),在一实施例中,相对于基底101移动的挤出装置110包括固定安装基底101,并且利用定位机构沿表面102的方向Y1移动挤出装置110,使得出口孔135保持在距表面102的固定距离处。在另一个实施例中,相对对基底101移动的挤出装置110包括将挤出装置110固定在刚性夹具中,而利用传送器或其它机构在出口孔135下方的Y2方向上移动基底101。
根据本发明的另一方面,当挤出装置110相对于基底101移动时,网格线物质112和牺牲极物质115以一种能在基底101上形成平行的,细长挤出结构120的方式通过出口孔135被共挤出,使得每个结构120中的网格线物质形成高纵横比的网格线结构125,每个结构120中的牺牲物质形成相关联的第一和第二牺牲物质部分122,它们分别被设置于相关联的的高纵横比的网格125的相对的两面上。挤出结构120的形状(比如:网格线125的纵横比和牺牲部分122的外形)可以通过出口孔135的外形、挤出头130-1和130-2内的结构(例如流道)、物质的特性(如粘性等)以及挤出技术(如流动率、压力、温度等)中的至少一个或多个来控制。在下面将详细描述在头130-1和130-2内部的结构和出口孔135的外形。合适的网格线材料115包括,但不限于银、铜、镍、锡、铝、铁、氧化铝、硅酸盐、玻璃、碳黑、聚合物和蜡,合适的牺牲材料112包括塑料、陶瓷、油、纤维素、胶乳、有机玻璃等,它们的组合和/或它们的变形,包括使以上材料和其它物质混合以获得期望密度、粘性、质地、颜色等。
根据本发明的另一方面,共挤出头130-1的(第一)出口孔和共挤出头130-2的(第二)出口孔交错设置,使得被共挤出头130-1挤出的挤出结构120被置于从共挤出头130-2挤出的两挤出结构之间。例如,从挤出头130-1的出口孔135-12中被挤出的挤出结构120-12被设置于从挤出头130-2的出口孔135-21和135-22中被挤出的挤出结构120-21和120-22之间。更具体来描述,通过利用两个或多个平行挤出头(如头130-1和130-2)同时生成挤出结构120,可以以传统的方法中实现不了的间距在基底101上形成间距紧密、高纵横比的网格125。
再次参照图1,为了限制材料在挤出后掺混的趋势,通过采用例如淬火组件170冷却基底,可以使得离开挤出头130-1和130-2的挤出结构120在基底101上被淬火。备选地,在这种应用中采用的材料可以是热融材料,其在环境温度下就可以固化,在此处,挤出头130-1和130-2被加热,一旦它们被分配到基底101上,就离开挤出结构120,并固化。在另一项技术里,材料经过加热、光学和/或其它方式处理,从挤出头130-1和130-2被挤出。例如,固化部件180能提供对材料的加热和/或光学固化。如果一种或两种材料包括紫外线成分,则这些材料可以形成固体形式,从而能够在不混合的情况下进一步加工。
图2和图3分别是分解透视图和组装透视图,图中示出限定在共挤出头130-1中的三流道空腔200-11,根据图1所示,通过出口孔135-11,三流道空腔200-11被用于制造挤出结构120-11。三流道空腔200-11是众多在挤出头130-1和130-2中使用的结构形状的代表,其可以产生如图1中所示的多个挤出结构120。
根据图2以及本发明实施例,共挤出头130-1包括上板金属层210、下板金属层220和中央板金属层230。中间板金属层230被微加工(例如,利用深层反应离子刻蚀)而包括端部结构231和箭头形状的开口,这个开口包括中间流道232和相对的(第一和第二)侧流道234和236,中央流道232通过第一锥形指部233与侧流道234分开,并通过第二锥形指部235与侧流道236分开。中央流道232有闭合端,该闭合端由端部结构231以及锥形指部233和235限定,还有开口端,该开口端与在板230的侧边缘238中限定的开口237相通。类似地,侧流道234和236具有由端部结构231以及锥形指部233和235限定的相关联的闭合端,以及与开口237连通的开口端。侧流道234和236与中心流道232成一个角度,并收敛于开口237附近。上金属板210限定了第一入口孔212(通孔),下金属板220限定了第二和第三入口孔224和226。采用与被用于形成三流道空腔231-11相同的微加工技术形成入口212、224和226。
图3所示为图2中的在板210、220和230被通过高压片结合技术接合成的三流道空腔200-11后的挤出头130-1的一部分,第一入口孔212与中间流道232的闭合端对准,第二和第三入口端224和226与侧流道234和236的闭合端分别对准。如下的详细描述,金属和牺牲物质通过入口孔212、224和226被引入三流道空腔231中。附加金属板(图中未示出)可被用来以使粘附于每个挤出头上的材料供给量最小化的方式将金属和牺牲物质引入入口孔212、224和226中。用于制造挤出头130-1的方法已在美国专利申请No.XX/XXX/XXX,名称为“带平面化的边缘表面的挤出装置”[Atty DocketNo.20060464Q-US-NP(XCP-074)]的发明中公开,该申请在此全部引入作为参考。
除了在图2和图3中所示的层叠金属层布置,挤出头130-1还可以被加工成其它形状。在另一个实施例中,可以通过抗蚀结构上的特征进行电镀金属层来制成该挤出头。在另一个例子中,这些挤出头通过将已被刻蚀的金属层铜焊到一起加工而成。在另一个例子中,这些挤出头还可以通过从光可限定聚合物如SU8上生成结构的方法制造。在另一情况下,这些挤出头可以通过传统的机加工或用金属和/或塑料模具加工的方法制成。而且,除了这些在这里所述的特定的网格线结构,挤出头130-1和130-2可以被改进成能够产生有均衡外形的网格线结构,如共同拥有并共同待审的美国专利申请号为No.xx/xxx.xxx,名称为“带均衡外形的挤出结构”[Atty Docket No.20060464-US-NP(XCP-073)]的美国专利。该申请在此全部引入作为参考。
图4(A)所示为在产生金属网格步骤之前定位在基底101上的共挤出头130-1的一部分。在挤出过程中(也就是当共挤出头130-1以上述方式相对于基底101移动时),共挤出头130-1在基底101的上表面102上大体固定的距离D。在挤出头130-11和基底101之间的距离D取决于多种因素,如挤出头130-11的分配端相对于上表面102的角度(如从平行到垂直),为了增加流动效率的实体尺寸(如宽度、高度、长度、直径等)、整体特性(如强度、挠性等)等等。
注意该距离D必须大于或等于被挤出结构120-11的高度H(如图5所示),这样便于挤出头的交错安装,如图1所示。
图4(B)所示为在共挤出过程开始时共挤出头130-1的同一部分。如白色箭头所示,网格线物质112通过第一入口孔212被强行地注入到中间流道232的闭合端,牺牲物质115同样通过入口孔224和226被强行地注入到各自的侧流道234和236。如图4(B)的黑箭头所示,被注入的物质沿着它们各自的流道向下流动,网格线物质和牺牲物质通过锥形流道232、234和236被挤出。当这些物质被引入到出口135-11时,网格线物质随着牺牲物质沿着侧流道234和236流动而被进一步挤出,被挤出的流体然后从出口135-11被挤出,然后沉淀在基底101上而形成挤出结构120-11(如图5所示)。网格线物质和牺牲物质间的掺混通过选择合适的材料和粘度,通过使流道成合适的锥形,和/或通过保持层流条件而得到最小化。
图5是根据参照图4(B)所述的共挤出过程形成的示例性挤出结构120-11横截面侧视图。挤出结构120-11包括设置在牺牲物质部分122-1和122-2之间的网格125-11。由于通向出口135-11的三流道空腔200-11产生的汇聚力(图4(A)和图4(B)),挤出结构120-11与传统方法形成的网格相比具有优势。例如,挤出头130-1便于在单次通过中形成具有10∶1或者更高纵横比的网格125-11,这在传统使用的方法中是无法实现的。网格125-11的宽度W可以比挤出头130-11最小化设计的宽度还要窄(细)。牺牲物质部分122-1和122-2保持在沿着网格线125-11的边缘,只要需要它在后续加工如干燥、硫化和/或烧结之前或期间维持网格线125-11在基底101上的形状。牺牲物质部分122-1和122-2的进一步的优点是多余的材料被导向总体更大的出口孔,因而在给定物质流动速度下具有更低的压降。因此可以获得较高的加工速度。另外,压缩流动可以被操纵来形成具有锥形横截面(例如,具有设置在基底表面102上的带一定宽度的基座、相对狭窄的上端部和与一个相对于表面102从基底端到上端成一角度的延伸的锥形侧面)的金属网格线125-11。这种锥形有利于将光子导引入基底101中,并且减少由网格引起的光子阻断(阴影),从而有利于提高效率和/或电能的产生。
图6为显示挤出头130-1较大部分的横截面图,图7示出了一系列的挤出结构120-11、120-12和120-3,它们以上述的方式被挤出头130-1加工而成。
根据图7所示,在相邻的,从单一共挤出头(例如:头130-1)挤出的挤出结构120-11和120-13之间的间距P由相邻出口的间距限定,后一间距又由形成每个三流道空腔的三个流道所需的上游空间来限定。如图6所示的宽上游空间,在这空间中,挤出头130-1包括相邻的三流道空腔200-11、200-12和200-13,它们分别限定出口孔135-11、135-12和135-13。与通道空腔200-11、200-12和200-13相对应的入口孔为了清楚显示而被省略画出。如图6所示,和出口孔135-11相对窄的宽度W1相比,需要相对大的宽度W2来限定三流道空腔200-11的流道232和234。同样地,在每个挤出头130-1相邻的出口孔对(如出口孔135-11与135-12、或出口孔135-12和135-13)之间的间距都由供给到出口孔的相关三流道空腔所需要的相对较宽的区域来限制。再看图7,结果,在相邻挤出结构120-11到120-13之间的间距P必然是相对较宽的(也就是不可能使用单一的共挤出头产生共挤出结构120)。
图8是共挤出头130-1和130-2处于交错排列的侧视图,这种排列有利于本发明实施例所述的在基底101上产生间距紧密的网格线结构。特别地,与图1所示的方式相一致,共挤出头130-1和130-2被平行地固定在基底101上,它们各自的出口孔以错开方式对准,使得至少一个从共挤出头130-1中挤出的挤出结构被设置在从共挤出头130-2挤出的两个挤出结构之间。作为例子,在图8中可以看到,共挤出头130-1的出口孔135-12产生了挤出结构120-12,其被设置在分别由共挤出头130-2的出口孔135-21和135-22挤出的挤出结构120-21和120-22之间。以这种方式,相邻挤出结构之间的距离(由此还有它们相关的网格)被减少到P/2,如图8的底部所示。因此,以错开排列共挤出头130-1和130-2,通过图1所示的挤出装置100产生的挤出结构有着比传统方法制造的挤出结构更密的栅距和更大的纵横比,因此,有利于制造如高级光电电池。
图9为使用合适的刻蚀剂(如斜线所示)来拆除牺牲物质、因此,在上表面102上完成紧密间隙、高纵横比的网格125-11、125-21、125-12、125-22和125-13的加工过程的横截面侧视图。
在其它一些应用中,包括太阳能电池网格的制造,去除牺牲物质的优选方法就是通过在加热过程中的蒸发和燃烧。这个过程也可以将网格材料中的金属颗粒(包含银颗粒、玻璃料、溶剂如松油醇、填充剂如纤维素的金属糊)固化成导电物质。在一实施例中,加热步骤还通过太阳能电池表面的绝缘钝化层引起金属粘结剂燃烧,通常借助于粘结剂中的玻璃粉颗粒,以与半导体层电接触。
图10所示为光电电池如太阳能电池的示例性部分,其带有由共挤出头130-1和130-2形成的高纵横比金属网格125。光电电池300包括半导体基底301,其带有P型区域306和N型区域308。基底301中的区域306和308中的一个或两个由半导体材料形成,例如由砷化铝、砷化镓铝、氮化硼、硫化镉、硫化硒、铟镓化铜、硒化物、金刚石、砷化镓、氮化镓、锗、磷化铟、硅、碳化硅、硅锗合金、绝缘衬底上的外延硅、硫化锌、硒化锌等形成。下接触面310形成在基底301的下表面302上(也就是在P型区306的下端)。金属网格125和一个或多个母线320形成在基底301的上表面304上(也就是在N型区域308的下端)。接触面310和母线320可以用金属粘结剂如银基或铝基粘结剂形成。
光电电池300可以如经由扁钢丝或金属带与其它的光电电池(图中未示出)互相连接成串联或并联,并组装在模块或面板上,如图示连接到负载340上。回火的玻璃片(未示出)可以在网格线125上分层堆积,和/或聚合物包封(未示出)可以在接触面310上形成。上表面304可以包括带纹理的表面和/或被包敷减反射材料(如氮化硅、二氧化钛等),以增加电池吸收的光量。
在操作中,当光子350(由宽箭头示出)穿过上表面304射入基底301时,它们的能量激发其中的电子空穴对,该电子空穴对随后可以自由移动。特别地,对光子的吸收通过P-N接合部产生电流(通过正负电荷的迁移表示)。当在N型区域308中被激发的电子穿过网格线125、母线320和电极移动到外负载340并通过下电极和接触面310回流到P型区域306时,就产生了电流。
图11表示用于制造光电器件,如图10中描述的光电电池300的方法。在附图数字410处,形成半导体基底301(图10)。基底301可以包括前述的各种半导体材料,并且可以由一片N型硅和一片P型硅耦合形成,或者通过使N型掺杂物(如三氯化磷、砷酸、锑等)和/或P型掺杂物(如硼等)扩散到半导体薄片中的方法获得;在其它的例子中,也可以使用天然的半导体,如主要包含硼杂质的蓝宝石来获得。一个或多个光伏打电池可以任选地被串联或并联,以形成光伏打模块或面板。在附图数字420处,采用已知的方法在下表面302上形成导电接触。在430处,通过上面所述的方法在上表面304上形成金属网格线125(和母线320)。在440处,采用图10所述的方式,从导电的触点310和网格线125将电极连接到负荷340。当光子被吸入半导体时,通过光伏效应产生电能。
通过举例,带有表1所示估计参数值的共挤出头可被用于分配材料,以在晶体硅太阳能电池上制成网格线125。
表1用于产生网格线的示例性挤出头的参数
  片材厚度   152微米
  网格线间距   2.5mm
  喷头速度   1cm/秒
  糊粘度   100,000Cp
  喷头角度   45度
  喷头出口宽度   304.8微米
  银宽度   49.2微米
  银线横截面积   7,500μm2
  银线宽度比   3.10∶1
  银流速   0.075mm3/秒
  喷头压缩比   6.2∶1
  喷头压力降   2.24大气压
藉由本设计,会聚流道被制成厚度约为0.15毫米的片材。挤出头/喷嘴的出口孔在2.5毫米的间距上重复出现。在约为2.24大气压的头/喷嘴压力,1000泊的糊以1cm/秒的速度被喷射出来,中央银条的宽度近似为50微米,纵横比为3∶1.
实施例
在此公开的实施例具有以下几项:
1、一种用于在基底上形成多个间距紧密的、高纵横比网格线结构的方法,该方法包括:
将第一和第二共挤出头布置于邻近基底表面的位置,使得第一共挤出头上的第一出口孔限定沿第一方向延伸的第一条线,第二共挤出头的第二出口孔限定第二条线,第二条线与第一条线分开且平行;
当通过第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质时,相对于基底沿第二方向移动第一和第二共挤出头,使得从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述的网格线物质形成相关联的高纵横比的网格线结构,并且从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述牺牲物质形成相关联的的第一和第二牺牲物质部分,它们分别被置于所述相关联的高纵横比的网格线结构的两侧;
其中所述第一出口孔和第二出口孔被交错排列,使得从所述第一共挤出头挤出的第一所述的高纵横比网格线结构被设置在从第二共挤出头中挤出的第二和第三所述高纵横比的网格线结构之间。
2、如1所述的方法,其中设置第一和第二共挤出头的步骤包括在挤出设备上固定安装第一和第二共挤出头,该挤出设备与牺牲物质供应源和网格线物质供应源相连。
3、如2所述的方法,其中相对于基底移动第一和第二共挤出头的步骤包括固定安装基底,并在基底的表面上移动挤出设备。
4、如2所述的方法,其中相对于基底移动第一和第二共挤出头的步骤包括固定安装挤出设备,在挤出设备下移动基底。
5、如1所述的方法,进一步包括以下三个步骤中的至少一种:在挤出前加热网格线物质和牺牲物质;在网格线物质和牺牲物质挤出期间冷却基底;烘干已挤出的网格线物质和牺牲物质。
6、如1所述的方法,其中通过第一和第二出口挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质的步骤包括将网格线物质喷射到在所述第一和第二共挤出头中之一上限定的三流道空腔的中间流道内,同时将牺牲物质喷射到三流道空腔相对的第一和第二侧流道内,其中中间流道和第一、第二侧流道与相关联的出口孔流通。
7、如6所述的方法,其中三流道空腔限定在第一板部和第二板部之间,第一板部具有置于三流道空腔的中间流道上的第一入口孔,第二板部具有分别置于三流道空腔的第一和第二侧流道上的第二、第三入口孔;以及
挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质的步骤包括通过第一入口将网格线物质强制压入中间流道,通过第二和第三入口将牺牲物质分别强制压入第一和第二侧流道中。
8、一种用于在基底上形成多个高纵横比的网格线结构的设备,该设备包括:
被置于基底表面上的第一和第二共挤出头,使得第一共挤出头的第一出口孔限定沿第一方向延伸的第一条线,第二共挤出头的第二出口孔限定平行于第一条线的第二条线;
移动装置,用于相对于基底沿第二方向移动第一和第二共挤出头,同时促使第一和第二共挤出头通过第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质,使得从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述网格线物质形成所述多个高纵横比的网格线结构相关联的网格线结构,并且从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述牺牲物质形成相关联的第一、第二牺牲物质部分,这些部分分别被布置在所述相关网格线结构的相反的两面上。
其中第一和第二共挤出头被定位成使得所述的第一出口孔和所述的第二出口孔交错排列,从而由第一共挤出头挤出的第一所述网格线结构被置于从第二共挤出头挤出的第二和第三所述网格线结构之间。
9、如8所述的设备,进一步包括挤出设备,该设备与牺牲物质供给源和网格线物质供给源相连,其中第一和第二共挤出头被固定安装在挤出设备上。
10、如9所述的设备,其中所述移动装置包括用于固定基底的装置,以及用于使挤出设备在基底表面上移动的装置。
11、如9所述的设备,其中所述移动装置包括用于固定挤出设备的装置,以及使基底在挤出设备下部移动的装置。
12、如8所述的设备,还进一步包括以下装置中的至少一个:在挤出前加热网格线物质和牺牲物质的装置;在网格线物质和牺牲物质被挤出过程中冷却基底的装置;以及使挤出的网格线物质和牺牲物质固化的装置。
13、如8所述的设备,其中第一和第二共挤出头中的每一个都包括多个三流道空腔,每个三流道空腔又包括中间流道和相对的第一和第二侧流道,其中,中间流道以及第一和第二侧流道与相关联的的出口孔连通,
用于使第一和第二共挤出头挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质的装置包括用于将网格线物质喷入每个三流道空腔的中间流道内以及将牺牲物质喷入所述三流道空腔的第一和第二侧流道内的装置。
14、如13所述的设备,其中三流道空腔被限定在第一板部和第二板部之间,第一板部具有布置在三流道空腔的中间流道上的第一入口孔,第二板部具有分别布置在三流道空腔的第一和第二侧流道上的第二和第三入口孔,并且,
所述的用于喷射网格线物质和牺牲物质的装置包括用于将网格线物质经第一入口孔强制压入中间流道内、同时将牺牲物质分别经由第二和第三入口孔强制压入第一和第二侧流道内的装置。
15、一种用于制造光电器件的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
形成半导体基底,该基底包括限定第一表面的P型区域以及限定第二表面的N型区域;
在半导体基底的第一和第二表面中的选定的一个面上形成多个间距紧密的高纵横比的金属网格线,其中形成金属网格线的步骤包括:
将第一和第二共挤出头置于邻近所选的基底表面的位置,使得第一共挤出头的第一出口孔限定沿第一方向延伸的第一条线,并且第二共挤出头的第二出口孔限定第二条线,该第二条线与第一条线分开且平行;以及
相对于半导体基底沿第二方向移动第一和第二共挤出头,同时通过第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出金属物质和牺牲物质,使得从第一和第二出口孔挤出的所述金属物质形成相关联的高纵横比的金属网格,并且从第一和第二出口孔挤出的所述牺牲物质形成相关联的第一和第二牺牲物质部分,这两部分别位于所述对应纵横比的金属网格的相反的两面上,
其中第一所述出口孔和第二所述出口孔交错排列,使得从第一共挤出头挤出的第一所述高纵横比的金属网格被置于从第二共挤出头挤出的第二和第三所述高纵横比的金属网格之间。
16、如15所述的方法,其中设置第一和第二共挤出头的步骤包括将第一和第二共挤出头固定安装在挤出设备上,该挤出设备与牺牲物质供给源和金属物质供给源相连。
17、如15所述的方法,进一步包括以下步骤中的至少一个:在物质挤出期间冷却基底;以及固化被挤出的物质。
18、如15所述的方法,其中通过第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出金属物质和牺牲物质的步骤包括向限定在所述第一和第二共挤出头之一上的三流道空腔中的中间流道内喷入金属物质;同时向三流道空腔中相对的第一和第二侧流道内喷入牺牲物质;其中中间流道以及第一和第二侧流道与相关联的的出口孔连通。
19、如18所述的方法,其中三流道空腔被限定在第一板部和第二板部之间,第一板部具有布置在三流道空腔的中间流道上的第一入口孔,第二板部具有分别布置在三流道空腔的第一和第二侧流道上的第二和第三入口孔,并且,
其中挤出金属物质和牺牲物质的步骤包括将金属物质经由第一入口孔压入中间流道,将牺牲物质分别经由第二和第三入口孔压入第一和第二侧流道中。
20、如15中所述的方法,进一步包括:
在半导体基底的第一表面上制造导电接触层;并且
将第一电极与金属网格连接,将第二电极与导电接触层连接。
虽然已经通过一些实施例描述了本发明,但本领域技术人员明显可知,本发明的发明特点也可以应用于其它实施例中,这些实施例也落入本发明的范围之中。例如,除了带侧向变化的带状材料外,挤出头130-1和130-2的变动可以额外地和/或替代地引入带垂直变化的材料,例如,引入在基底上的栅栏层中,这样的垂直变化可以通过在簇中制造在垂直方向上会聚异种材料的通道来实现(除了在水平方向上会聚之外)例如,在太阳能电池的应用中,在电池表面上引入双层金属是有利的,一层金属与作为扩散膜的硅连接,第二层金属在上层,可以选用成本低的或是高导电性能的。进一步,除了金属网格线,这里描述的方法和结构可以被利用来产生由电学上非导电的材料,例如无机玻璃制造的网格线,例如,来制造如图12描述的阻挡肋结构。

Claims (1)

1.一种用于在基底上形成多个高纵横比的网格线结构的设备,该设备包括:
被置于基底表面上的第一和第二共挤出头,使得第一共挤出头的第一出口孔限定沿第一方向延伸的第一条线,第二共挤出头的第二出口孔限定平行于第一条线的第二条线;
移动装置,用于相对于基底沿第二方向移动第一和第二共挤出头,同时促使第一和第二共挤出头通过第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出网格线物质和牺牲物质,使得从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述网格线物质形成所述多个高纵横比的网格线结构的相关联的网格线结构,并且从第一和第二出口孔中的每一个挤出的所述牺牲物质形成相关联的第一和第二牺牲物质部分,这些部分分别被布置在所述相关网格线结构的相反的两面上。
其中第一和第二共挤出头被定位成使得所述的第一出口孔和所述的第二出口孔交错排列,从而由第一共挤出头挤出的第一所述网格线结构被置于从第二共挤出头挤出的第二和第三所述网格线结构之间。
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