CN102612432B - 用于刚性光伏组件的背板 - Google Patents
用于刚性光伏组件的背板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102612432B CN102612432B CN201080045694.0A CN201080045694A CN102612432B CN 102612432 B CN102612432 B CN 102612432B CN 201080045694 A CN201080045694 A CN 201080045694A CN 102612432 B CN102612432 B CN 102612432B
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- mah
- pvdf
- tack coat
- ethylene
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括共挤出多层片的背板,其包括:i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2009年9月1日提交的美国临时申请61/238,808的优先权,此处将其全部引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及电子器件组件。在一方面,本发明涉及包括电子器件例如太阳能电池和保护性聚合物材料的电子器件组件,而另一方面,本发明涉及其中所述保护性聚合物材料是包含氟聚合物和聚烯烃的多层聚合物片的电子器件组件。在又一方面,本发明涉及制造电子器件组件的方法。
背景技术
聚合物材料通常用于制造包括一个或多个电子器件的组件中,所述电子器件包括但不限于太阳能电池(也称为光电池)(或PV电池)、液晶面板、电致发光器件和等离子显示装置。所述组件常常包括与一个或多个基材例如一个或多个玻璃盖板组合的电子器件,其通常位于两个基材之间,其中一个所述基材或两个基材均包含玻璃、金属、塑料、橡胶或另一种材料。所述聚合物材料通常用作所述组件的密封剂或密封胶,或取决于所述组件的设计,用作所述组件的表层组分,例如太阳能电池组件中的后表层。用于这些目的的典型聚合物材料包括有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂、乙酸纤维素、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)和离聚物。
多层聚合物片通常用作太阳能电池(光伏)组件的背板(或后表层、基材)。所述片可以包括含有聚氟乙烯(PVF)或聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜、在一侧具有粘合涂层的第一聚合物层,挤出在所述第一聚合物层粘合涂层上的任选染色的第二聚合物层;和,最理想地,用于提供防潮和介电绝缘的第三聚合物层。需要所述片具有至所述密封剂的良好粘合强度、机械强度、电绝缘和防潮以保护所述组件中的太阳能电池和金属组件不受环境因素的影响。此外,所述背板必须是电绝缘的以防止所述器件的后触点至接地金属框架的传导通路。所述背板材料必须也阻止湿气进入,因为这是器件不能通过IEEE1262质量测试的常见的接受失败方式。IEEE 1262通常也被称为“湿热测试”,且对于所述测试的一部分,根据所述规范使PV器件经85℃和85%相对湿度(RH)作用1000小时。因此,良好的聚合物背板材料需要具有与所述密封剂的良好粘合、良好的电绝缘、机械强度和防潮以保护所述组件中的太阳能电池和金属组件不受环境因素的影响。
目前的背板需要多于一个处理步骤以制备。通常,单独地分别制备各膜层,然后将其层压在一起,通常与中间粘合层层压在一起。例如,US 6,521,825B2公开了包括三层层压膜的太阳能电池组件。所述层中的两个是耐热和耐候的,而核心层是防潮的。
目前,几种多层膜用作PV组件的背板,例如和铝箔是DuPont对于聚氟乙烯的注册商标,PET是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯,和EVA是乙烯乙酸乙烯酯。这些多层材料提供了足够的机械强度和UV稳定性,但是防潮性能对于太阳能电池来说长期耐久性不够好。使用铝箔作为中心层以提供防潮性能,但是业界担心将导体层放入背板内可能损害所述背板的长期介电性能。
具有高含量(28至35重量%)衍生自乙酸乙烯酯单体的单元的EVA共聚物通常用于制造用于光伏(PV)组件中的密封膜。参见例如WO 95/22844、99/04971、99/05206和2004/055908。EVA树脂通常使用紫外(UV)光添加剂稳定化,且通常在太阳能电池层压过程中使用过氧化物使其交联以改进在约80℃至90℃之间的温度下的耐热性和耐蠕变性。然而,由于几个原因,EVA树脂并不是理想的PV电池密封膜材料。例如,由于EVA树脂在UV光影响下化学降解,EVA膜在强目光中逐渐变暗。这种变色可以导致在暴露于环境四年的短时间之后太阳能组件的多于30%的功率输出损失。EVA树脂也吸收潮气,并经历分解。
薄膜光伏技术中的最近的发展,例如CuInGaSe2(CIGS)多晶薄膜光伏电池,也需要PV组件背板的更好的防潮性能。用于CIGSPV组件的具有EVA层的背板具有通过“湿热测试”(根据所述规范在85℃和85%相对湿度(RH)下保持1000小时)的问题。因此,PV工业需要具有与所述密封剂的良好粘合、良好的电绝缘、机械强度和防潮的背板材料。
发明概述
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及一种包括共挤出多层片的背板,其包括:i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
在另一实施方式中,本发明涉及一种刚性光电池板,其包括:光电池和包括共挤出多层片的背板,所述片包括:i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
在又一实施方式中,本发明涉及包括共挤出多层片的背板,所述片包括:包含如下物质的第一层:(1)PVDF和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物;(2)MAH-g-PVDF;或(3)包括PVDF层和MAH-g-PVDF层的两层结构;包含如下物质的第二层:(1)聚丙烯树脂;(2)聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物;或(3)包括聚丙烯树脂层和MAH-g-PP层的两层结构;和插入所述第一层和所述第二层之间,并且与所述第一层和所述第二层接触的第一粘结层,所述第一粘结层包含如下物质中的至少一种:乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯树脂(EMA)、乙烯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-GMA)、或乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-MA-GMA),或是具有包含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和胺的官能团的聚烯烃,其中:(1)当所述第一层包括两层结构时,则所述MAH-g-PVDF层与所述第一粘结层接触;和(2)当所述第二层包括两层结构时,则所述MAH-g-PP层与所述第一粘结层接触。
本发明包括制备从所述背板生产的背板和制品的方法。
附图说明
图1a、b、c各自显示了本发明背板实施方式的三层测试片段的示意图。
图2a、b和c各自显示了从图1中所示的片段制备的背板的示意图。
图3a、b和c各自显示了图2中所示的背板的可选实施方式。
发明内容
定义:
在本公开中的数字范围包括从较低值至较高值以一个单位为增量且包括所述较低值和所述较高值的所有的值,条件是在任何较低值和任何较高值之间有至少两个单位的分隔。例如,如果组成、物理或其它性能,例如分子量、粘度、熔融指数等为100至1,000,旨在明白地列举所有单独的值例如100、101、102等和子范围例如100至144、155至170、197至200等。对于含有小于1或含有大于1的分数(例如1.1、1.5等)的值的范围,如适当的一个单位被认为是0.0001、0.001、0.01或0.1。对于含有小于10(例如1-5)的单一数字的范围,一个单位通常被认为是0.1。这些仅是具体意指的实例,并且在列举的最低值和最高值之间的所有可能的数值的组合被认为明白陈述在本公开中。本公开中提供了尤其是熔融指数、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)、结晶度百分数、共聚单体百分数和共聚单体中碳原子数的数值范围。
“组合物”等术语是指两种或更多种材料的混合物。包括在组合物中的是预反应、反应和反应后混合物,其中反应后混合物将包括反应产物和副产物以及反应混合物的未反应组分和分解产物,如果分解产物存在,其由预反应或反应混合物中的一种或多种组分形成。
“共混物”、“聚合物共混物”等术语是指两种或更多种聚合物的组合物。这样的共混物是可混合或不可混合的。这种共混物可以是相分离或不是相分离的。如透射电镜法、光散射、X射线散射和任何其它本领域中已知的方法测定的,这种共混物可含有或不含有一种或多种域结构(domain configuration)。共混物不是叠层,但是叠层的一个或多个层可以包含共混物。
“聚合物”是指通过单体聚合所制备的聚合化合物,无论是相同还是不同类型的单体。因此上位术语聚合物包括术语均聚物和如下定义的术语互聚物,其中均聚物通常用于指仅从一种类型的单体制备的聚合物。
“互聚物”是指通过至少两种不同单体聚合制备的聚合物。该上位术语包括共聚物,其通常用于指从两种不同的单体制备的聚合物,和从多于两种不同的单体制备的聚合物,例如三元共聚物、四元共聚物等。
“烯烃基聚合物”、“聚烯烃”、“PO”等术语是指包括大于50摩尔%衍生自聚合烯烃单体例如乙烯或丙烯的单元(基于可聚合单体的总量)的聚合物。代表性的聚烯烃包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚异戊二烯及其多种互聚物。在本公开的情况下,“烯烃基聚合物”等术语明确地排除了烯烃多嵌段互聚物。
“烯烃多嵌段互聚物”、“多嵌段互聚物”、“多嵌段共聚物”、“嵌段共聚物”等术语是指包括优选以线性方式连接的两个或更多个化学不同的区域或段(被称为“嵌段”)的聚合物,即包括考虑到聚合烯键官能团首尾连接而不是以悬吊或接枝方式连接的化学不同单元的聚合物。在优选实施方式中,所述嵌段在如下方面不同:包括的共聚单体的量或种类、密度、结晶度、可归于这种组成的聚合物的晶粒大小、立构规整的种类或程度(全同立构或间同立构)、区域规整或区域不规整、支化度(包括长链支化或超支化)、均匀性或任何其它化学或物理性质。与包括通过顺序单体加成、流变催化剂或阴离子聚合技术生产的共聚物的现有技术嵌段共聚物相比,本发明的实践中使用的多嵌段共聚物的特征在于独特的聚合物多分散性(PDI或Mw/Mn或MWD)分布、嵌段长度分布、和/或嵌段数分布,其在优选实施方式中是由于制造所述共聚物中使用的一种或多种梭移剂与多种催化剂组合的效应。更具体地,当以连续工艺生产时,所述聚合物理想地具有1.7至3.5、优选1.8至3、更优选1.8至2.5、和最优选1.8至2.2的PDI。当以分批或半分批工艺生产时,所述聚合物理想地具有1.0至3.5、优选1.3至3、更优选1.4至2.5、和最优选1.4至2的PDI。在本公开的情况下,“烯烃多嵌段互聚物”等术语明确地排除了烯烃基聚合物。代表性的烯烃多嵌段互聚物包括TheDow Chemical Company以商标INFUSETM制造和销售的烯烃多嵌段互聚物。
“乙烯多嵌段共聚物”等术语是指包括衍生自乙烯和一种或多种可共聚的共聚单体单元的多嵌段共聚物,其中所述衍生自乙烯的单元包括在所述聚合物中的至少一个嵌段或链段,优选至少90、更优选至少95和最优选至少98摩尔%所述嵌段的多个聚合单体单元。基于总的聚合物重量,用于本发明实践中的乙烯多嵌段共聚物优选具有25至97、更优选40至96、甚至更优选55至95和最优选65至85%的乙烯含量。
“乙烯基聚合物”等术语是指包括多于50摩尔%的聚合乙烯单体(基于可聚合单体的总量)的烯烃基聚合物。如本公开的情况下使用的,乙烯基聚合物等术语明确地排除了乙烯多嵌段互聚物。
“乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物”等术语是指包括多于50摩尔%的聚合乙烯单体(基于可聚合单体的总量)和至少一种α-烯烃的烯烃基互聚物。如本公开的情况下使用的,乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物等术语明确地排除了乙烯/α-烯烃多嵌段互聚物。
“无规乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物”等术语与其在本领域中指代聚合物时的用途一致地用于本公开中,且其是指其中所述一种或多种共聚单体沿所述聚合物链无规分布的乙烯基互聚物。如本公开的情况下使用的,无规乙烯/α-烯烃互聚物等术语明确地排除了乙烯/α-烯烃多嵌段互聚物。
“丙烯基聚合物”等术语是指包括多于50摩尔%的聚合丙烯单体(基于可聚合单体的总量)的烯烃基聚合物。如本公开的情况下使用的,丙烯基聚合物等术语明确地排除了丙烯多嵌段互聚物。
“丙烯/α-烯烃互聚物”等术语是指包括多于50摩尔%的聚合丙烯单体(基于可聚合单体的总量)和至少一种α-烯烃的互聚物。如本公开的情况下使用的,丙烯/α-烯烃互聚物等术语明确地排除了丙烯/α-烯烃多嵌段互聚物。
术语“丙烯/乙烯互聚物”等术语是指包括多于50摩尔%的聚合丙烯单体(基于可聚合单体的总量)和互聚物的剩余部分包括至少一些例如通常至少1摩尔%聚合乙烯单体的互聚物。如本公开中使用的,该术语不指丙烯/乙烯多嵌段互聚物。
“叠层”、“层压”等术语是指两个或更多个层,例如膜层,其彼此密切接触。叠层包括带有涂层的模制制品。叠层不是共混物,虽然叠层的一个或多个层可以包含共混物。
在单一步骤的共挤出过程中制备本发明的背板。所述背板包括至少三个主要层,在所述主要层之间具有粘结层。第一主要层,或内层需要允许在所述背板和所述电子器件之间的良好粘合性。所述第一层通常包含聚烯烃,其在聚丙烯和用于所述密封层中的材料之间提供良好的粘合性。适当的聚烯烃包括乙烯均聚物或乙烯的共聚物,特别是非均相支化的线性乙烯基互聚物和乙烯微嵌段共聚物。
非均相支化的线性乙烯基互聚物与均相支化的乙烯基互聚物主要在其共聚单体支化分布方面不同。例如,非均相支化的互聚物具有支化分布,其中所述聚合物分子不具有相同的乙烯与共聚单体之比。均相支化的乙烯基互聚物通常使用齐格勒-纳塔催化剂系统制备。这些线性互聚物缺少长链支化(或可测量的量的长链支化)。
非均相支化的乙烯基互聚物包括,但不限于线性中密度聚乙烯(LMDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、非常低密度的聚乙烯(VLDPE)和超低密度聚乙烯(ULDPE)。商业聚合物包括DOWLEXTM聚合物、ATTANETM聚合物和FLEXOMERTM聚合物(全部得自The Dow Chemical Company),以及ESCORENETM和EXCEEDTM聚合物(均得自Exxon Mobil)。
所述内层也可以包括含有马来酸酐的共聚物或马来酸酐改性的聚烯烃,其可以与具有例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、胺等官能团的粘结层聚合物形成强的化学键。商业聚合物包括BYNELTM聚合物(得自DuPont),马来酸酐改性的乙烯乙酸乙烯酯聚合物。
所述内层也可以包含着色颜料,通常为白色。适当的颜料是AMPACETTM 11560白色颜料,且其能够以基于所述内层的重量约8%的量加入。其它可选的组分包括UV稳定剂和抗氧化剂,例如0.6重量%的CYASORBTM UV 3853PP5、0.3重量%的CYASORBTM THT2001、0.2重量%的UVINALTM 5050H、0.1重量%的TINUVINTM 770和0.025重量%的IRGANOXTM 1010,所有百分比均基于聚烯烃树脂的重量。所述内层通常具有约1密耳至约5密耳的厚度。
所述第二主要层,核心层,提供了尺寸稳定性。所述第二层通常包含聚丙烯树脂或聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯/MAH-g-PP多层结构。
适当的聚丙烯基聚合物包括丙烯均聚物、丙烯互聚物以及聚丙烯的反应器共聚物(RCPP),其可以包含约1至约20重量%的乙烯或4至20个碳原子的α-烯烃共聚物。所述聚丙烯均聚物可以是全同立构、间同立构或无规立构的聚丙烯。所述丙烯互聚物可以是无规或嵌段共聚物,或丙烯基三元共聚物。在另一实施方式中,所述丙烯基聚合物可以是成核的。“成核的”和类似的术语是指通过加入成核剂例如可商购自Milliken的二苄基山梨醇使聚合物改性。也可以使用其它常规的成核剂。
所述丙烯聚合物可以是结晶的、半结晶的或无定形的。结晶聚丙烯聚合物通常具有至少90摩尔%的衍生自丙烯的重复单元,优选至少97%、更优选至少99%。
与丙烯聚合的适当的共聚单体包括乙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-庚烯、1-辛烯、1-壬烯、1-癸烯、1-十一烯、1-十二烯以及4-甲基-1-戊烯、4-甲基-1-己烯、5-甲基-1-己烯、乙烯基环己烷和苯乙烯。优选的共聚单体包括乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯和1-辛烯,和更优选乙烯。如此处使用的,仅提及丙烯基聚合物时,丙烯/烯烃互聚物具体地包括丙烯/乙烯互聚物。
任选地,所述丙烯基聚合物包括具有至少两个双键的单体,其优选为二烯或三烯。适当的二烯和三烯共聚单体包括7-甲基-1,6-辛二烯、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯、5,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10-辛三烯、6-甲基-1,5-庚二烯、1,3-丁二烯、1,6-庚二烯、1,7-辛二烯、1,8-壬二烯、1,9-癸二烯、1,10-十一碳二烯、降冰片烯、四环十二烯或其混合物,优选丁二烯、己二烯和辛二烯,和最优选1,4-己二烯、1,9-癸二烯、4-甲基-1,4-己二烯、5-甲基-1,4-己二烯、二环戊二烯和5-亚乙基-2-降冰片烯(ENB)。
另外的不饱和共聚单体包括1,3-丁二烯、1,3-戊二烯、降冰片二烯和二环戊二烯;包括苯乙烯,邻、间和对甲基苯乙烯,二乙烯基苯,乙烯基联苯,乙烯基萘的C8-20乙烯基芳族化合物;和卤素取代的C8-40乙烯基芳族化合物,例如氯苯乙烯和氟苯乙烯。
特别感兴趣的丙烯共聚物包括丙烯/乙烯、丙烯/1-丁烯、丙烯/1-己烯、丙烯/4-甲基-1-戊烯、丙烯/1-辛烯、丙烯/乙烯/1-丁烯、丙烯/乙烯/ENB、丙烯/乙烯/1-己烯、丙烯/乙烯/1-辛烯、丙烯/苯乙烯和丙烯/乙烯/苯乙烯。
通过本领域技术中的手段例如使用单位点催化剂(茂金属或限定几何构型)或齐格勒-纳塔催化剂形成适当的聚丙烯。在本领域技术中的条件下,例如如Galli等人,Angew.Macromol.Chem.,第120卷,73(1984),或E.P.Moore等人在Polypropylene Handbook,HanserPublishers,New York,1996,特别是在11-98页中所公开的,使丙烯和任选的共聚单体例如乙烯或α-烯烃单体聚合。
如下是可以用于本发明组合物中的示例性而非限制性的聚丙烯聚合物:PROFAXTM SR-256M,密度为0.90g/cc和MFR为2g/10min的澄清的聚丙烯共聚物树脂,PROFAXTM 8623,密度为0.90g/cc和MFR为1.5g/10min的耐冲击聚丙烯共聚物树脂,和CATALLOYTM,聚丙烯(均聚物或共聚物)与一种或多种丙烯-乙烯或乙烯-丙烯共聚物的反应器内共混物,所述共混物具有宽范围的密度和MFR,均可得自Basell(Elkton,MD);可得自The Dow Chemical Company的VERSIFYTM塑性体和弹性体,且作为密度为0.86至0.89g/cc和MFR为2至25g/10min的丙烯/乙烯共聚物可得;和熔体流动指数为0.5dg/min(230C/2.16kg)和熔点为164C,可得自The Dow ChemicalCompany的INSPIRETM Dl14支化耐冲击共聚物。其它聚丙烯聚合物包括Shell的KF 6100均聚物聚丙烯、Solvay的KS 4005聚丙烯共聚物和Solvay的KS 300聚丙烯三元共聚物。
MAH-g-PP树脂的制备是本领域中公知的,且这些树脂可商购获得,例如得自Chemtura的树脂。
所述核心层还可以包括着色颜料,通常为白色。适当的颜料是AMPACET 11343白色颜料,且其能够以基于所述内层的重量约8%的量加入。其它任选的组分包括UV稳定剂,例如0.6重量%的CYASORB UV 3853PP5、0.3重量%的CYASORB THT 2001、0.2重量%的UVINAL 5050H、0.1重量%的TINUVIN 770和0.025重量%的IRGANOX 1010,所有百分比均基于聚烯烃树脂的重量。所述核心层通常具有约1密耳至约15密耳、优选约1密耳至约5密耳的厚度。
所述第三层或外层提供了耐候性,环境和水蒸汽防护。所述外层可以包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构。
所述外层也可以包含着色颜料,通常为白色。适当的颜料是KynarFlexTM白色浓缩物(得自Chromatics),且其能够以基于所述内层的重量约10%的量加入。其它任选的组分包括UV稳定剂和抗氧化剂。所述外层通常具有约1密耳至约5密耳的厚度。
将所述背板共挤出,在所述核心层和所述外层之间具有粘结层。粘结层也可以存在于所述核心层和所述内层(或者如果在实施方式中不存在内层则为密封层)之间。所述粘结层包含具有甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)官能团的共聚物或三元共聚物,其可以与马来酸酐反应。所述粘结层也包含由包含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)、胺等这些官能团改性的聚合物。所述共聚物包括乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(E-GMA)的共聚物。所述三元共聚物包括乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(E-MA-GMA)的三元共聚物。E-GMA共聚物和E-MA-GMA三元共聚物也是商购可得的。适当的E-GMA共聚物包括LOTADER AX8840乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物。适当的E-MA-GMA三元共聚物包括LOTADERAX8950乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物。
所述粘结层也可以包含UV稳定剂和抗氧化剂,例如0.6重量%的CYASORB UV 3853PP5、0.3重量%的CYASORB THT 2001、0.2重量%的UVINAL 5050H、0.1重量%的TINUVIN 770和0.025重量%的IRGANOX 1010,所有百分比均基于聚烯烃树脂的重量。各个粘结层通常具有约0.05密耳至约2密耳的厚度。
在一些实施方式中,E-GMA基粘结层与包含马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚合物的主要层结合使用。该实施方式改进了层之间的结合,原因是MAH与E-GMA反应以形成强的化学键。可以使用MAH接枝聚合物与非MAH接枝聚合物的共混物以降低成本。图1a显示了该实施方式的背板的一部分。图1b和1c显示了其中一个或多个主要层被分为多层以通过具有与所述粘结层接触的单独MAH接枝聚合物层以降低成本的该实施方式的可选方案。
图2a、2b和2c分别显示了基于图1a、1b和1c中所示的段的背板的所得结构。
如图3a、3b和3c中所示,在一些实施方式中可以通过排除内层并用密封膜代替它以进一步简化图2a、2b和2c中显示的背板结构。所述密封膜可以是EVA或硅烷官能化的聚合物,例如硅烷接枝的烯烃弹性体或硅烷接枝的多嵌段共聚物。
考虑到用于本发明实践中的烯烃多嵌段互聚物,其在乙烯多嵌段共聚物的情况下描述,并理解为一般说来这些共聚物是烯烃多嵌段互聚物的实例。
使用两种催化剂引入不同数量的共聚单体制备所述乙烯多嵌段共聚物,且这些共聚物的嵌段重量比为95∶5至5∶95。所述弹性体聚合物基于所述聚合物的总重量理想地具有20至90%的乙烯含量、任选0.1至10%的二烯含量和10至80%的烯烃含量。此外优选地,该实施方式的多嵌段弹性体聚合物基于所述聚合物的总重量具有60至90%的乙烯含量、0.1至10%的二烯含量和10至40%的烯烃含量。优选的聚合物是高分子量聚合物,其重均分子量(Mw)为10,000至约2,500,000、优选20,000至500,000、更优选20,000至350,000;其多分散性小于3.5、更优选小于3和低至约2;其门尼粘度(ML(1+4)125C)为1至250。更优选地,该聚合物具有65至75%的乙烯含量、0至6%的二烯含量和20至35%的烯烃含量。
用于本发明实践中的乙烯多嵌段共聚物的密度小于约0.90、优选小于约0.89、更优选小于约0.885、甚至更优选小于约0.88和甚至更优选小于约0.875g/cc。所述乙烯多嵌段共聚物通常具有大于约0.85、和更优选大于约0.86g/cc的密度。通过ASTM D-792的步骤测量密度。低密度乙烯多嵌段共聚物通常特征在于无定形、柔性和具有良好的光学性能,例如高的可见光和UV光的透射和低的雾度。
用于本发明实践中的乙烯多嵌段共聚物通常具有小于约125的熔点。通过描述在WO 2005/090427(US2006/0199930)中描述的差示扫描量热(DSC)方法测量熔点。具有低熔点的乙烯多嵌段共聚物通常显示在制造本发明的组件中有用的理想的柔性和热塑性性能。
用于本发明实践中的乙烯多嵌段共聚物及其制备和用途更全面地描述于USP 7,355,089、WO 2005/090427、US2006/0199931、US2006/0199930、US2006/0199914、US2006/0199912、US2006/0199911、US2006/0199910、US2006/0199908、US2006/0199907、US2006/0199906、US2006/0199905、US2006/0199897、US2006/0199896、US2006/0199887、US2006/0199884、US2006/0199872、US2006/0199744、US2006/0199030、US2006/0199006和US2006/0199983中。
通过共挤出形成所述多层背板,其中共挤出是本领域中的公知技术。多层膜制造技术描述于如下文献中:The Encyclopedia ofChemical Technology,Kirk-Othmer,第三版,John Wiley & Sons,New York,1981,第16卷,416-417页和第18卷,191-192页;WilmerA.Jenkins和James P.Harrington的Packaging Foods With Plastics,(1991),19-27页;Thomas I.Butler的“Coextrusion Basics”,FilmExtrusion Manual:Process,Materials,Properties 31-80页(由TAPPIPress(1992)公开);W.J.Schrenk和C.R.Finch的“Coextrusion ForBarrier Packaging”,Society of Plastics Engineers RETEC Proceedings,六月,15-17(1981),211-229页;K.R.Osborn和W.A.Jenkins;和Plastic Films,Technology and Packaging Applications(TechnomicPublishing Co.,Inc.(1992)),此处将其公开引入作为参考。
在制造之后,可以使用本领域中公知的方法和步骤使本发明的多层膜取向(离线或在连续操作中)。可以使用双轴取向工艺例如拉幅机、“禁锢气泡”和“双气泡”工艺使所述膜取向。适当的技术描述于美国专利3,456,044(Pahlke)、美国专利4,865,902(Golike等人)、美国专利4,352,849(Mueller)、美国专利4,820,557(Warren)、美国专利4,927,708(Herran等人)、美国专利4,963,419(Lustig等人)和美国专利4,952,451(Mueller)中,此处将其各自的公开引入作为参考。
具体实施方式
买施例
通过共挤出多层膜制备背板。所述膜具有ATTANE 4202 ULDPE的内层,其比重为0.915(通过ASTM D792测量)和熔融指数(I2)为3.2g/10min(通过ASTM D1238测量,条件190℃/2.16kg)。所述膜具有聚丙烯(INSPIRE D118.01或INSPIRE D118.02聚丙烯树脂,均可得自The Dow Chemical Company)的核心层。实施例1具有聚丙烯树脂(INSPIRE D118.01或INSPIRE D118.02聚丙烯树脂)的外层和如下UV和抗氧化稳定剂:0.6重量%的CYASORB UV 3853PP5、0.3重量%的CYASORB THT 2001、0.2重量%的UVINAL5050H、0.1重量%的TINUVIN 770和0.025重量%的IRGANOX 1010,所有百分比均基于聚烯烃树脂的重量。实施例2具有KYNAR710-PLT PVDF树脂的外层。实施例3具有KYNAR 710-PLT PVDF树脂和PLEXIGLAS HFI7-101橡胶改性PMMA树脂的50∶50共混物的外层。实施例4具有PLEXIGLAS HFI7-101橡胶改性PMMA树脂的外层。所有的实施例1-4在所述内层和核心层之间以及核心层和外层之间具有粘结层,其中所述粘结层是LOTRYL 24MA005乙烯丙烯酸甲酯(EMA)树脂(24%丙烯酸甲酯,MI为0.5g/10min)和LOTRYL 28MA07EMA树脂(28%丙烯酸甲酯,I2为7g/10min)的50∶50共混物。
将实施例1-4层压至MADICO PHOTO-MARK TPE基础层上的不同的密封膜。也以相同方式层压两种商业产品MADICOPHOTO-MARK TPE和ISOVOLTA TPT用于对比。粘合结果示于表1中。也在层压测试中评估除外层为HDPE之外与实施例1-4相同的另外的测试背板,但是结果未示于表1中。也评估层压背板的收缩、粘贴、分层、卷曲/包裹、起皱、至所述密封剂的粘合性和总体的美感。
具有HDPE外层的测试膜在层压方法中表现不好,其不能经受140-150℃的温度并具有聚四氟乙烯覆盖片的压印。具有橡胶改性PMMA(不与PVDF共混)的背板在层压测试中由于大量卷曲并具有聚四氟乙烯覆盖片的压印而表现不好。具有基于PP、PVDF或PVDF/橡胶改性PMMA共混物的外层的膜在层压工艺中表现良好,在层压之前和之后所述膜看起来相同,在美感、卷曲、表面纹理、颜色或尺寸方面没有明显改变(没有明显收缩)。
表1-层压粘合测试
改进PVDF和PP之间粘合性的概念是将MAH-接枝的聚合物加入到PVDF和PP层并使用E-GMA作为粘结层,将在MAH接枝的PVDF和E-GMA之间以及MAH-接枝的PP和E-GMA之间产生强的化学键。MAH将与GMA反应。在10英寸浇铸线上制备三种多层膜(3层),实施例5、6和7。所述层结构、处理条件和层间粘合性分别示于表2、3和4中。
对于实施例6,剥离始于MAH-g-PVDF/E-GMA界面处。E-GMA从MAH-g-PDVF分层,且也从PP逐渐分层。E-GMA变形并撕裂开。分层扩散至E-GMA/PP界面处。在85℃下,剥离始于MAH-g-PVDF/E-GMA界面处。对于实施例7,剥离始于MAH-g-PVDF/E-GMA界面处。E-GMA从MAH-g-PVDF分层,且未从PP 分层。E-GMA/PP 变形。在85℃下,剥离始于MAH-g-PVDF/E-GMA界面处。观察到相同的机理。
表2
表3
表4
虽然通过前述描述和实施例相当详细地描述了本发明,该细节是为了说明的目的,而不应理解为对于本发明范围的限制,如在所附的权利要求书中所描述的。此处将如上提及的所有的美国专利、公开的专利申请和授权的专利申请引入作为参考。
Claims (10)
1.一种包括共挤出多层片的背板,其包括:
i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;
ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;
iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;
iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和
v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
2.权利要求1的背板,其中所述内层的厚度为1密耳至5密耳,和其中所述核心层的厚度为1密耳至15密耳,和其中所述第一粘结层和所述任选的第二粘结层各自的厚度为0.05密耳至2密耳。
3.权利要求1的背板,其中所述第一和所述任选的第二粘结层是包含如下物质中至少一种的乙烯共聚物:乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯树脂(EMA)、乙烯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-GMA)、或乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-MA-GMA),或是具有包含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和胺的官能团的聚烯烃。
4.一种刚性光电池板,其包括:
光电池;
包括共挤出多层片的背板,其包括:
i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;
ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;
iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;
iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和
v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
5.包括共挤出多层片的背板,所述片包括:
包含如下物质的第一层:(1)PVDF和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物;(2)MAH-g-PVDF;或(3)包括PVDF层和MAH-g-PVDF层的两层结构;
包含如下物质的第二层:(1)聚丙烯树脂;(2)聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物;或(3)包括聚丙烯树脂层和MAH-g-PP层的两层结构;和
插入所述第一层和所述第二层之间,并且与所述第一层和所述第二层接触的第一粘结层,所述第一粘结层包含如下物质中的至少一种:乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯树脂(EMA)、乙烯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-GMA)、或乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-MA-GMA),或是具有包含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和胺的官能团的聚烯烃,
其中:(1)当所述第一层包括两层结构时,则所述MAH-g-PVDF层与所述第一粘结层接触;和(2)当所述第二层包括两层结构时,则所述MAH-g-PP层与所述第一粘结层接触。
6.权利要求5的背板,其中所述多层片还包括:
包含聚烯烃树脂的第三层;和
插入所述第三层和所述第二层之间,并且与所述第三层和所述第二层接触的第二粘结层,其中所述第二粘结层是包含如下物质中至少一种的乙烯共聚物:乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯树脂(EMA)、乙烯甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-GMA)、或乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯树脂(E-MA-GMA),或是具有包含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和胺的官能团的聚烯烃。
7.权利要求1或6的背板,其中所述聚烯烃树脂是非均相支化的乙烯基互聚物或马来酸酐改性的聚烯烃。
8.权利要求5的背板,其中所述第一层的厚度为1至5密耳,所述第二层的厚度为1至15密耳,和其中所述第一粘结层的厚度为0.05至2密耳。
9.权利要求5的背板,其中所述片还包括与所述第二层相邻或通过第三粘结层连接至所述第二层的密封膜,和其中所述密封膜包含硅烷官能化的树脂。
10.制造背板的方法,该方法包括共挤出具有如下层的多层膜:
i)包含聚烯烃树脂的内层;
ii)包含聚丙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂和马来酸酐接枝的聚丙烯(MAH-g-PP)的共混物、或聚丙烯树脂/MAH-g-PP多层结构的核心层;
iii)包含马来酸酐接枝的聚偏氟乙烯(MAH-g-PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和MAH-g-PVDF的共混物、或PVDF/MAH-g-PVDF多层结构的外层;
iv)在所述核心层和所述外层之间的第一粘结层;和
v)在所述核心层和所述内层之间的任选的第二粘结层。
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EP2473345B1 (en) | 2017-03-22 |
EP2473345A1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
KR20120051084A (ko) | 2012-05-21 |
ES2624954T3 (es) | 2017-07-18 |
JP2015035613A (ja) | 2015-02-19 |
BR112012004671A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
US20110048512A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
WO2011028672A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
JP2013504205A (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
KR101809889B1 (ko) | 2017-12-20 |
US8481154B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
CN102612432A (zh) | 2012-07-25 |
JP5934322B2 (ja) | 2016-06-15 |
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