CN102576576A - 用于印刷导电迹线的组合物以及制备太阳能电池的方法 - Google Patents
用于印刷导电迹线的组合物以及制备太阳能电池的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102576576A CN102576576A CN2010800455312A CN201080045531A CN102576576A CN 102576576 A CN102576576 A CN 102576576A CN 2010800455312 A CN2010800455312 A CN 2010800455312A CN 201080045531 A CN201080045531 A CN 201080045531A CN 102576576 A CN102576576 A CN 102576576A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于使用激光印刷法将导电迹线印刷至衬底上,尤其是用于太阳能电池的组合物,所述组合物包含30-90重量%的导电颗粒,0-7重量%的玻璃料、0-8重量%的至少一种基体材料,0-8重量%的至少一种有机金属化合物,0-5重量%的至少一种添加剂和3-69重量%的溶剂。所述组合物进一步包含0.5-15重量%的纳米颗粒作为激光辐照吸收剂,所述纳米颗粒为银、金、铂、钯、钨、镍、锡、铁、氧化铟锡、碳化钛或氮化钛颗粒。所述组合物包含不超过1重量%的元素碳。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于使用激光印刷方法将导电迹线印刷至衬底上,尤其是用于太阳能电池的组合物,所述组合物包含30-90重量%的导电颗粒,0-7重量%的玻璃料、0-8重量%的至少一种基体材料,0-8重量%的至少一种有机金属化合物,0-5重量%的至少一种添加剂和3-50重量%的溶剂。本发明进一步涉及一种制备太阳能电池的方法,其中通过将所述组合物借助激光辐照由载体转移至半导体衬底上而将相应组合物印刷至半导体衬底上。
为了能借助激光印刷法将所述组合物印刷至半导体衬底上,该组合物必须包含激光辐照吸收剂,所述吸收剂可吸收激光辐照的能量并将其转化成热量。
目前用于激光印刷油墨中的吸收剂例如为炭黑或碳纳米管。然而,这些吸收剂具有如下缺点:它们在太阳能电池烧结过程中发生反应以释放出二氧化碳,该二氧化碳以气体形式残留于导电迹线中,从而在导电迹线中产生孔隙,这可降低电导率。为了防止发生这种情况,目前通常使用不合炭黑的组合物,其可通过喷墨印刷法或丝网印刷法处理。
可用于制备太阳能电池受光表面电极且呈糊形式的组合物例如描述于WO2007/089273中。所述糊包含比表面积为0.2-0.6m2/g的银颗粒、玻璃料、树脂粘合剂和稀释剂。
包含具有两种不同平均直径的银粉的组合物描述于EP-A1775759中。除了所述银粉之外,所述组合物还包含玻璃料和有机载体。电极材料中银的比例为75-95重量%。
用于制备太阳能电池电极的其他糊描述于WO2006/132766中,所述组合物在每种情况下基于固体材料包含85-99重量%的导电金属组分和1-15重量%的玻璃组分。
所述组合物都不能用于通过激光印刷法印刷。然而,相对于喷墨印刷法和丝网印刷法而言,使用激光印刷法具有可将更精细的线条且因此更精细的电极印刷至太阳能电池上的优点。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于印刷太阳能电池电极的组合物,所述组合物可通过激光印刷法印刷,且与已知组合物相比,不存在由于烧结所导致的电导率下降。
所述目的通过一种用于使用激光印刷法将导电迹线印刷至衬底上,尤其是用于太阳能电池的组合物实现,所述组合物包含30-90重量%的导电颗粒,0-7重量%的玻璃料,0-8重量%的至少一种基体材料,0-8重量%的至少一种有机金属化合物,0-5重量%的至少一种添加剂和3-69重量%的溶剂,其中所述组合物进一步包含0.5-15重量%的纳米颗粒作为激光辐照吸收剂,所述纳米颗粒为银、金、铂、钯、钨、镍、锡、铋、铁、氧化铟锡(ITO)、氧化钨、碳化钛或氮化钛颗粒,且所述组合物包含不超过1重量%的元素碳。
本发明上下文中的纳米颗粒应理解为意指粒度为1-800nm的颗粒。用作吸收剂的纳米颗粒通常具有3-800nm的粒度。
所述组合物中的元素碳比例不超过1重量%,优选不超过0.5重量%,更优选不超过0.3重量%,尤其是不超过0.1重量%。在一个实施方案中,所述组合物中不存在元素碳。
令人惊讶地业已发现,也可将银、金、铂、钯、钨、镍、锡、铋、铁、氧化铟锡、氧化钨、碳化钛或氮化钛的纳米颗粒用作激光辐照吸收剂。以此方式可省去作为激光辐照吸收剂的元素碳,例如呈炭黑、碳纳米管、石墨烯或石墨形式,或者与已知组合物相比显著降低所需的用量。
使用银、金、铂、钯、钨、镍、锡、铁、铋、氧化铟锡或碳化钛的另一优点是这些材料具有导电性。因此,使用所述纳米颗粒将印刷导电迹线的电导率降低至显著更低的程度或者选优完全不降低。此外,这些材料在烘烤过程中不发生氧化;更特别地,它们不产生任何可导致导电迹线产生孔隙率并因此降低电导率的气态化合物。作为吸收剂的碳化钛可燃烧,但所释放出的碳量远低于使用元素碳作为吸收剂时所释放出的量。
用于所述纳米颗粒的特别优选材料为银。
在一个实施方案中,所述颗粒为球状颗粒。在本发明上下文中,球状颗粒意指所述颗粒基本呈球状,但实际颗粒也可偏离理想球状。例如,实际颗粒也可为截短的或者具有液滴状。也可为其他可能由于生产之故而导致的偏离理想球状的形状。
当所述纳米颗粒为球状颗粒时,其优选具有2-100nm的直径。尤其是当使用红外激光,尤其是波长为1050纳米的那些时,已发现具有2-50nm粒径的球状颗粒是特别合适的。球状颗粒的直径更优选为6nm左右。
当所述纳米颗粒以球状颗粒形式使用时,所述组合物中的纳米颗粒比例尤其为0.5-12重量%。
在另一实施方案中,所述纳米颗粒为具有15-1000nm边长和3-100nm高度的棱柱体。棱柱体形状可变化。例如,在所有其他因素中,所述形状尤其取决于所用的激光辐照。例如,棱柱体的基底可呈任意多边形,例如三角形或五边形形状。用作纳米颗粒的棱柱体通常为其吸收行为与所用激光波长匹配的等离子体谐振体。与所用激光波长的匹配例如通过所述棱柱体的边长和横截面面积进行。例如,不同横截面面积和不同边长各自具有不同的吸收行为。所述棱柱体的高度也影响吸收行为。
当将棱柱体用作纳米颗粒时,以棱柱体形式存在于所述组合物中的纳米颗粒比例优选为3-10重量%。
除了使用球状颗粒或棱柱体作为激光辐照吸收剂之外,也可使用球状颗粒和棱柱体二者。球状颗粒与棱柱体之比可为任意所需比例。呈棱柱体形式的纳米颗粒比例越高,所述组合物中纳米颗粒的比例就可越低。
尤其是为了运输,所述纳米颗粒通常在生产过程中借助合适添加剂稳定。在制备所述用于印刷导电迹线的组合物的过程中,通常不除去所述添加剂,从而使得其然后也存在于该组合物中。用于稳定的添加剂比例基于所述纳米颗粒的质量通常不超过15重量%。用于稳定所述纳米颗粒的添加剂例如可为长链胺,如十二烷基胺。适于稳定所述纳米颗粒的其他添加剂例如为辛胺、癸胺、油酸和聚乙烯亚胺。
存在于所述组合物中的导电颗粒可为由任意导电材料构成的任意几何形状的颗粒。存在于所述组合物中的导电颗粒优选包含银、金、铝、铂、钯、锡、镍、镉、镓、铟、铜、锌、铁、铋、钴、锰、铬、钒、钛或其混合物或合金。
所用颗粒的平均粒度优选为100nm至100μm。所述平均粒度更优选为500nm至50μm,尤其为500nm至10μm。所用颗粒可具有本领域技术人员所已知的任意所需形状。例如,所述颗粒可为片状或球状。球状颗粒也应理解为意指其实际形状偏离理想球状的那些。例如,球状颗粒由于生产之故也可具有液滴形状或可截短。可用于生产所述组合物的合适颗粒是本领域技术人员所已知的且可商购获得。尤其优选使用球状银颗粒。球状颗粒的优点在于其与片状颗粒相比具有改善的流变性能。例如,包含球状颗粒的组合物具有比包含片状颗粒的组合物更低的粘度。此外,包含球状颗粒的组合物在剪切时具有显著降低的粘度。这也允许获得高达约90%的填充水平,此时所述组合物仍保持可印刷性。
如果使用两种或更多种不同类型的导电颗粒,则这可通过混合所述类型的颗粒获得。不同类型的颗粒可能在材质、形状和/或尺寸方面存在不同。
所述组合物中的导电颗粒比例为50-90重量%。所述比例优选为70-87重量%,尤其为75-85重量%。
除了使用尺寸为100nm至100μm的导电颗粒之外,也可使用纳米颗粒作为导电颗粒。当所用导电颗粒为纳米颗粒时,其优选具有1-500nm的平均直径。所述纳米颗粒可为任意所需形状。例如,所述纳米颗粒也可为球状颗粒或者可以以棱柱体形式存在。更特别地,当将纳米颗粒用作导电颗粒时,所述纳米颗粒同时也用作激光辐照吸收剂。
为了获得可印刷的组合物,所述组合物额外必须包含溶剂。所述组合物中的溶剂比例通常为3-69重量%。溶剂比例优选为5-20重量%,尤其为8-15重量%。
所用溶剂可例如为有机溶剂。合适有机溶剂为本领域技术人员所已知的所有溶剂。优选为萜品醇、texanol、乙二醇、丙二醇和二丙二醇。
除了使用有机溶剂之外,也可使用水作为溶剂。当将水用作溶剂时,水的比例优选为3-40重量%,更优选为5-15重量%,尤其为6-12重量%。
由于水通常较快地蒸发,因此当将水用作溶剂时,必须加入助留剂(即所谓的阻滞剂)以减缓蒸发。助留剂以0.5-50重量%,优选5-40重量%的比例,尤其是以10-30重量%的比例存在于所述组合物中。
合适的助留剂为极性束水溶剂。合适的极性束水溶剂例如为甘油,二醇如乙二醇、丙二醇,聚二醇如二甘醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG2000)、聚丙二醇,链烷醇胺如甲基二乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或聚乙烯亚胺,聚乙烯基胺或聚乙烯基甲酰胺。特别优选的助留剂为甘油或聚乙二醇。这些具有能降低所述组合物在待印刷衬底表面上流失的高表面张力。因此,可印刷更清晰的结构。
为了在太阳能电池生产中在半导体衬底上获得印刷的电极结构体与所述组合物之间的良好粘合性,将半导体衬底(也称为晶片)与印刷于其上的结构一起烧结。为了在烧结之前使所述组合物粘合至晶片,优选额外存在基体材料。当所述组合物中存在基体材料时,基体材料的比例优选为0.1-8重量%,更优选为0.5-5重量%,尤其为1-3重量%。
当将水用作溶剂时,所用基体材料优选为水溶性或水分散性聚合物或聚合物混合物。
优选在水中形成低粘度溶液的水溶性或水分散性聚合物或聚合物混合物。这可在低粘度下获得导电颗粒的高填充水平。此外,所用聚合物应具有与待印刷衬底表面,例如太阳能电池生产中所用的太阳能晶片表面的良好粘合性。所述聚合物还应使印刷的导电迹线具有充分的完整性。
可用作基体材料的合适聚合物例如为丙烯酸酯分散体和丙烯酸酯共聚物如苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯、碱溶性丙烯酸酯树脂及其共聚物,马来酸酐共聚物如苯乙烯-马来酸分散体,醇酸树脂分散体,苯乙烯-丁二烯分散体,纤维素衍生物,尤其是羟烷基纤维素、羧烷基纤维素,聚酯分散体,聚乙烯醇,尤其是部分或完全水解的聚乙烯醇,水解的乙酸乙烯酯共聚物如接枝的聚乙二醇-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物,聚乙烯亚胺,聚乙烯基胺,聚乙烯基甲酰胺,超支化聚碳酸酯,聚二醇,聚氨酯分散体,蛋白质如酪蛋白。也可使用两种或更多种聚合物的混合物以形成所述基体材料。
当所用溶剂仅为有机溶剂时,合适的基体材料例如为ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯);ASA(丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯);丙烯酸化的丙烯酸酯;醇酸树脂;烷基乙烯基乙酸酯;亚烷基-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,尤其是亚甲基-乙酸乙烯酯、亚乙基-乙酸乙烯酯、亚丁基-乙酸乙烯酯;亚烷基-氯乙烯共聚物;氨基树脂;醛和酮树脂;纤维素和纤维素衍生物,尤其是羟烷基纤维素,纤维素酯如乙酸纤维素、丙酸纤维素、丁酸纤维素,羧烷基纤维素、硝酸纤维素;环氧丙烯酸酯;环氧树脂;改性环氧树脂,例如双官能或多官能双酚A或双酚F树脂、多官能环氧酚醛清漆树脂,溴化环氧树脂,脂环族环氧树脂;脂族环氧树脂、缩水甘油醚、乙烯基醚、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物;烃树脂;MABS(包含丙烯酸酯单元的透明ABS);蜜胺树脂、马来酸酐共聚物;甲基丙烯酸酯;天然橡胶;合成橡胶;氯化橡胶;天然树脂;松香;紫胶树脂;酚树脂;苯氧基树脂、聚酯;聚酯树脂如苯酯树脂;聚砜;聚醚砜;聚酰胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯胺;聚吡咯;聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT);聚碳酸酯(例如获自Bayer AG的);聚酯丙烯酸酯;聚醚丙烯酸酯;聚乙烯;聚亚乙基噻吩;聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯;聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET);聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯二醇(PETG);聚丙烯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA);聚苯醚(PPO);聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE);聚四氢呋喃;聚醚(例如聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇);聚乙烯基化合物,尤其是聚氯乙烯(PVC)、PVC共聚物、PVdC、聚乙酸乙烯酯及其共聚物、任选部分水解的聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇缩醛、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯基醚、呈溶液或分散体形式的聚丙烯酸乙烯基酯和聚甲基丙烯酸乙烯基酯及其共聚物;聚丙烯酸酯和聚苯乙烯共聚物,例如聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物;聚苯乙烯(抗冲改性或非抗冲改性的);聚氨酯,其用异氰酸酯交联或未交联;聚氨酯丙烯酸酯;苯乙烯-丙烯酸系共聚物;苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(例如获自BASF AG的或获自CPC的K-ResinTM);蛋白质,例如酪蛋白;苯乙烯-异戊二烯嵌段共聚物;三嗪树脂、双马来酰亚胺-三嗪树脂(BT)、氰酸酯树脂(CE)、烯丙基化的聚苯醚(APPE)。此外,两种或更多种聚合物可形成基体材料。
为了获得所述组合物与用作太阳能电池生产中的衬底的半导体材料之间的良好粘合性,所述组合物中以0.5-6重量%的比例存在玻璃料。玻璃料的比例优选为1.5-4重量%,尤其为2-3.5重量%。
优选使用基本无铅的玻璃料。这类玻璃料例如为氧化铋基玻璃。适用于所述组合物的玻璃料尤其包含氧化铋,氧化硅和/或氧化碲。
氧化碲的比例优选为0.01-10重量%。氧化铋的比例优选为40-95重量%。氧化铋的比例更优选为50-80重量%,尤其为60-75重量%。氧化硅的比例优选为0-30重量%,尤其为1-4重量%。
除了氧化铋、氧化硅和氧化碲之外,所述玻璃料可额外包含氧化硼。氧化硼的比例优选为0.1-10重量%,尤其为0.5-8重量%,且在特别优选的实施方案中为1-4重量%。
除了所述氧化物之外,所述玻璃料还可包含氧化锌和/或氧化铝。氧化锌的比例为0-15重量%,氧化铝的比例为0-3重量%。
可存在于所述玻璃料中的其他金属氧化物例如为氧化银(Ag2O)、氧化锑(Sb2O3)、氧化锗(GeO2)、氧化铟(In2O3)、五氧化二磷(P2O5)、五氧化二钒(V2O5)、五氧化二铌(Nb2O5)和五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)。可存在于所述玻璃料中的Ag2O、P2O5、V2O5、Nb2O5和/或Ta2O5比例在每种情况下为约0-8重量%。所述玻璃料中的In2O3和/或Sb2O3比例在每种情况下优选为0-5重量%。此外,所述玻璃料可包含一种或多种碱金属氧化物,通常为Na2O、Li2O和/或K2O。所述玻璃料中的碱金属氧化物比例在每种情况下为0-3重量%。此外,所述玻璃料中也可存在碱土金属氧化物。通常存在的碱土金属氧化物为BaO、CaO、MgO和/或SrO。所述玻璃料中的碱土金属氧化物比例在每种情况下为0-8重量%。
在本发明的上下文中,基本无铅意指不向所述玻璃料中添加铅且所述玻璃料中的铅比例小于1000ppm。
在优选实施方案中,至少一部分纳米颗粒包纳于所述玻璃料的玻璃中。此时优选所述纳米颗粒的材料为铋。当仅一部分纳米颗粒包纳于所述玻璃料的玻璃中时,被包纳的纳米颗粒的材料可与未被包纳的纳米颗粒的那些相同。然而,也可使用不同材料的纳米颗粒,其中例如包纳于玻璃料的玻璃中的纳米颗粒由不同于未被包纳的纳米颗粒材料的材料构成。此外,可使不同材料的纳米颗粒包纳于所述玻璃料的玻璃中。
本发明组合物进一步包含至少一种有机金属化合物。所述组合物中的有机金属化合物比例为0-5重量%,优选为1-3重量%,尤其为1.5-2.5重量%。
在其上印刷有所述组合物的衬底烧结过程中,所述有机化合物的有机成分分解并从所述组合物中除去。存在的金属残留于所述组合物中。
可使用的合适有机金属化合物为金属羧酸盐、金属丙酸盐、金属醇盐、金属配合物或其混合物。所述有机金属化合物也可包含芳族或脂族基团。
合适的羧酸盐例如为甲酸盐、乙酸盐或丙酸盐。合适的醇盐例如为甲醇盐、乙醇盐、丙醇盐、丁醇盐、戊醇盐、己醇盐、庚醇盐、辛醇盐、壬醇盐、癸醇盐、十一烷醇盐和十二烷醇盐。
所述有机金属化合物的金属优选选自铝、铋、锌和钒。
此外,所述有机金属化合物可包含硼或硅。
可使用的合适有机金属化合物例如为乙酸铋(III)、三苯基铋、六氟戊二酸铋(III)、四甲基庚二酸铋(III)、新癸酸铋、2-乙基己酸铋(III)、碳酸氧铋、次没食子酸铋水合物、碱式没食子酸铋(III)水合物、次水杨酸铋(III)、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酸)铋(III)、碳酸三苯基铋(III)、三(2-甲氧基苯基)。
尤其优选的有机金属化合物为乙酸铋(III)、2-乙基己酸铋(III)、碳酸氧铋、次没食子酸铋水合物、碱式没食子酸铋(III)水合物、次水杨酸铋(III)。
此外,所述组合物也可包含其他添加剂。可存在于所述组合物中的添加剂例如为分散剂、触变剂、增塑剂、消泡剂、干燥剂、交联剂、络合剂和/或导电聚合物颗粒。所述添加剂各自可单独使用或以两种或更多种添加剂的混合物形式使用。
所述组合物中的添加剂比例通常为0-5重量%,优选为0.1-3重量%,尤其为0.1-2重量%。
当使用分散剂作为添加剂时,可仅使用一种分散剂或多于一种分散剂。
原则上,合适地为本领域技术人员已知用于分散体中且描述于现有技术中的所有分散剂。优选的分散剂为表面活性剂或表面活性剂混合物,例如阴离子、阳离子、两性或非离子表面活性剂。合适的阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂例如描述于“Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology”,J.Wiley & Sons(1966),第5卷,第816-818页和“Emulsion Polymerisationand Emulsion Polymers”,编辑:P.Lovell和M.El-Asser,出版商Wiley &Sons(1997),第224-226页中。然而,也可使用本领域技术人员所已知的具有颜料亲和性锚定基团的聚合物作为分散剂。
当加入触变剂作为添加剂时,可使用例如有机触变剂。可使用的增稠剂例如为聚丙烯酸、聚氨酯或氢化蓖麻油。
可使用的增塑剂、润湿剂、消泡剂、干燥剂、交联剂、络合剂和导电聚合物颗粒为通常用于分散体中且为本领域技术人员所已知的那些。
本发明组合物例如通过在本领域技术人员已知的装置中剧烈混合并分散而制备。这包括例如将各组分在溶解器或用相当强度分散的装置中混合、在搅拌式球磨机中或在大量生产时在粉末流化床中分散。
本发明组合物尤其适于通过激光印刷法印刷至衬底上。
特别地,所述组合物适于生产太阳能电池。
为此,通过将所述组合物由载体借助激光辐照转移至半导体衬底上而将该组合物印刷至半导体衬底上,其中来自所述激光的能量被所述纳米颗粒吸收并转化成热量,所述热量使溶剂蒸发并且将所述组合物液滴由载体推进至所述半导体衬底上。
该方法能在半导体衬底上精确产生导电迹线。在太阳能电池生产中,所述半导体衬底通常为硅半导体。这也称为太阳能晶片。
用于将所述组合物印刷至半导体衬底上的激光优选为红外激光。更特别地,所述激光为具有1050nm波长的红外激光。此时可使用本领域技术人员所已知的任何所需的红外激光。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于使用激光印刷法将导电迹线印刷至衬底上的组合物,尤其是用于太阳能电池的组合物,所述组合物包含30-90重量%的导电颗粒,0-7重量%的玻璃料、0-8重量%的至少一种基体材料,0-8重量%的至少一种有机金属化合物,0-5重量%的至少一种添加剂和3-69重量%的溶剂,其中所述组合物进一步包含0.5-15重量%的纳米颗粒作为激光辐照吸收剂,所述纳米颗粒为银、金、铂、钯、钨、镍、锡、铋、铁、氧化铟锡、碳化钛、氧化钨或氮化钛颗粒,且所述组合物包含不超过1重量%的元素碳。
2.如权利要求1的组合物,其中所述纳米颗粒为球状颗粒。
3.如权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述球状颗粒具有2-100nm的直径。
4.如权利要求2或3的组合物,其中所述呈球状颗粒形式的纳米颗粒比例为0.5-12重量%。
5.如权利要求1的组合物,其中所述纳米颗粒为具有15-1000nm边长和3-100nm高度的棱柱体。
6.如权利要求5的组合物,其中用作纳米颗粒的棱柱体为其吸收行为与所用激光波长匹配的等离子体谐振体。
7.如权利要求5或6的组合物,其中以棱柱体形式存在的纳米颗粒比例为3-10重量%。
8.如权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物,其中所述纳米颗粒由长链胺稳定。
9.如权利要求1-7中任一项的组合物,其中至少一部分纳米颗粒包纳于所述玻璃料的玻璃中。
10.如权利要求1-9中任一项的组合物,其中所述导电颗粒包含银、金、铝、铂、钯、锡、镍、镉、镓、铟、铜、锡、铁、铋、钴、锰、铬、钒、钛或其混合物或合金且优选具有1nm至100μm的平均粒度。
11.如权利要求1-10中任一项的组合物,其中所用玻璃料为优选包含0.01-10重量%氧化碲的氧化铋基无铅玻璃。
12.一种制备太阳能电池的方法,其中通过将如权利要求1-11中任一项的组合物借助激光辐照由载体转移至半导体衬底上而将所述组合物印刷至该半导体衬底上,其中所述激光的能量被所述纳米颗粒吸收并转化成热量,所述热量使溶剂蒸发并将所述组合物由载体推进至半导体衬底上。
13.如权利要求12的方法,其中所述激光为红外激光。
14.如权利要求12或13的方法,其中所述半导体衬底为硅半导体。
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EP2474003A1 (de) | 2012-07-11 |
CN102576576B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
ES2438745T3 (es) | 2014-01-20 |
SG178932A1 (en) | 2012-04-27 |
WO2011026769A1 (de) | 2011-03-10 |
MY157520A (en) | 2016-06-15 |
EP2474003B1 (de) | 2013-10-16 |
US8961836B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
JP5709870B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
KR101789838B1 (ko) | 2017-10-25 |
TWI553659B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
KR20120051761A (ko) | 2012-05-22 |
JP2013504191A (ja) | 2013-02-04 |
TW201124997A (en) | 2011-07-16 |
US20120164777A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
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