CN102511411A - Environment-friendly seawater pond ecological culture method - Google Patents
Environment-friendly seawater pond ecological culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102511411A CN102511411A CN2011103610797A CN201110361079A CN102511411A CN 102511411 A CN102511411 A CN 102511411A CN 2011103610797 A CN2011103610797 A CN 2011103610797A CN 201110361079 A CN201110361079 A CN 201110361079A CN 102511411 A CN102511411 A CN 102511411A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly seawater pond ecological culture method. According to the method, cultured living beings which are complementary in feeding habit and ecological habit are cultured in a same pond according to a certain proportion and density, fishes are cultured at the upper layer, shrimps are cultured at the middle lower layer, crabs are cultured at the lower layer, and shellfishes are cultured at the bottom of the pond, therefore the self-cleaning capability of the pond is improved, baits are used fully, water change quantity is reduced by 30% during the culture period, no large-scale disease happens, healthy growth of the cultured living beings is promoted, yield is increased, cost is reduced, benefits are increased, the emission of culture waste water reaches national emission standard and environment pollution to offshore areas is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method.
Technical background
In recent years, the breeding ecological environment is greatly perplexing the development of culture fishery worse and worse.Culture through long high strength, substrate is aging, and pond self-cleaning and regulating power reduce.People administer the major measure of water quality deterioration traditionally: the one, during culturing, change water in a large number; The 2nd, the pond desilting.The discharging of a large amount of breeding wastewaters causes the deterioration of breeding environment, has improved the cross-infection chance of disease, causes epizootic disease to be broken out.How to improve existing breeding way, become the important step that promotes the sustainable development of sea pond aquaculture.China is from the later stage nineties, and the ecology regulation and control technology has been carried out than systematic research in freshwater is cultured, and is at the early-stage to the comprehensive study of sea pond three-dimensional culture.Emerge shrimp pond three-dimensional culture pattern at present, but belong to a kind of low-density, the extensive pattern of simply raising together with, it is single to raise together with kind, and breeding environment improves not obvious, and culture benefit is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of environmental protection, the low and good in economic efficiency environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method of cost.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of taking:
A kind of environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method, it comprises the steps:
(1) cultured fishes simultaneously, shrimps, crab class and shellfish in same sea pond are confirmed the concrete kind of said fish, shrimps, crab class and shellfish and culture quantity according to water quality, the substrate characteristics of sea pond;
(2) put the seedling time: threw in spat May 3 ~ 8, threw in the shrimp seedling May 5 ~ 10, threw in juvenile crab on May 10 ~ 15, throw in fry 20 ~ June 15 May;
(3) rich water: April 10 ~ 20; Seawater 60 ~ 80cm is advanced in the pond; Every mu is carried out rich water with fermentation poultry dung 50 kg, urea 3 ~ 5 kg and superphosphate 1kg, cultivates plankton, and the transparency of pond seawater is controlled at 30 ~ 40cm; When transparency during greater than 40cm, every mu of usefulness 25～30kg chicken manure, urea 2 ~ 3kg and superphosphate 1kg topdress; Said fermentation poultry dung is the mixed of chicken manure and quicklime 5:1, ferments to make after 7 ~ 10 days; Said urea and superphosphate full pool spilling head, said fermentation poultry dung is thrown in the pool side water with the packed tying of braiding;
(4) water quality adjustment: in 7 ~ August, changed water 1 time in per 5 ~ 7 days, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5 ~ 1/4, the moisturizing of other times section; Quicklime and chlorine dioxide splashed in per 15 days once, quicklime consumption 20 ~ 25g/m
3, chlorine dioxide consumption 0.5 g/m
3
(5) throwing something and feeding of bait: fish do not throw something and feed or throw something and feed freezing sand lance and anchovy, shrimps body length before 3 ~ 6cm, throw something and feed artemia imago and blue clam, after the long 7cm of body, the granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, crab class and shellfish are not are not thrown something and fed.
Said fish are Fugu rubripes, mullet or lefteye flounder, and said shrimps are Penaeus Vannmei or japonicus, and said crab class is a Portunus trituberculatus Miers, and said shellfish is bay scallop or blood clam.
The seedling time that puts of said Fugu rubripes is May 20 ~ 25, and the release time of mullet is June 10 ~ 15, and the seedling time that puts of lefteye flounder is June 10 ~ 15.
The beneficial effect that the present invention adopts technique scheme to obtain: the inventive method according to the complementary aquaculture organism of several kinds of feeding habits, ecological habit by a certain percentage, density cultures in same pond, there is fish on the upper strata, there is shrimp in middle lower floor; Bottom has crab, and the three dimensional-breeding pattern of shellfish is arranged at the bottom of the pond, and the pond self-purification capacity is improved; The bait utilization is abundant, and quantity of exchanged water has reduced 30% during the breed, extensive disease phenomenon do not occur; Promote the healthy growth of aquaculture organism, increased output, reduced cost; Increased income, and finally the discharging of breeding wastewater has reached discharging standards, has reduced the environmental pollution to immediate offshore area.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Experimental group
1, pond condition: the river sea pond is worn in south, 10 ~ 50 mu of areas, and each pond is equipped with the culvert system of opposition relatively, is provided with the dark circular groove of 30 ~ 50cm at the bottom of the pond, and the depth of water 0.6 ~ 1.5m, substrate are sand property, suitable Fugu rubripes, japonicus growth;
2, put situation in a suitable place to breed: mu breeding density Fugu rubripes 100 ~ 120 tails, specification 50g/ tail; 5000 ~ 10000 of bay scallops, specification 0.3 ~ 0.5cm; Japonicus 5000 ~ 8000 tails, specification 0.8 ~ 1.0cm; 3000 of Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1.6 ten thousand/kg of specification;
3, rich water: April 10 ~ 20; Seawater 60 ~ 80cm is advanced in the pond; Every mu is carried out rich water with fermentation poultry dung 50 kg, urea 3 ~ 5 kg and superphosphate 1kg, cultivates plankton, and the transparency of pond seawater is controlled at 30 ~ 40cm; When transparency during greater than 40cm, every mu of usefulness 25～30kg chicken manure, urea 2 ~ 3kg and superphosphate 1kg topdress; Said fermentation poultry dung is the mixed of chicken manure and quicklime 5:1, ferments to make after 7 ~ 10 days; Said urea and superphosphate full pool spilling head, said fermentation poultry dung is thrown in the pool side water with the packed tying of braiding;
4, put the seedling time: threw in spat May 3 ~ 8, threw in the shrimp seedling May 5 ~ 10, threw in juvenile crab on May 10 ~ 15, threw in Fugu rubripes on May 20 ~ 25;
5, water quality adjustment: at high temperature season in 7 ~ August, changed water 1 time in per 5 ~ 7 days, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5 ~ 1/4, an other times moisturizing.Every first quarter moon is splashed quicklime, chlorine dioxide once, quicklime consumption 20 ~ 25g/m
3, chlorine dioxide consumption 0.5 g/m
3
6, throwing something and feeding of bait: Fugu rubripes throw something and feed freezing sand lance and anchovy, feeding rate 3 ~ 7%, is thrown something and fed at 9:00,17:00 respectively at every day 2 times; Japonicus body length before 3 ~ 6cm, throw something and feed artemia imago and blue clam, per 10,000 tails are thrown fresh and alive halogen worm 0.5 ~ 1.0kg; Blue clam throwing amount is 70 ~ 100kg/ mu, and after the long 7cm of body, (Tianjin China inspires confidence in feed corporation,Ltd to the granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding; To health board prawn pellet); Every day, feeding rate 3 ~ 5%, and every day 4 times, the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively 5:00,10:00,17:00,20:00; Wherein first three time feeding volume respectively is that the 10 ~ 13%, four feeding volume of the total feeding volume of whole day accounts for 60 ~ 70% of the total feeding volume of whole day; 7 ~ August, high temperature season was fallen ill for preventing, added 300 ~ 500mg/kg vitamin C or 0.5 ~ 0.8% B B-complex in the bait, threw something and fed continuously and added the bait of vitamin in 2 ~ 3 days, and every first quarter moon is thrown once; The Portunus trituberculatus Miers residual bait of ingesting, the bait of need not throwing something and feeding.Bay scallop is considered the food plankton.
Control group is identical than other conditions of experimental group, and difference is the monoculture Fugu rubripes.
Embodiment 2
Experimental group
1, pond condition: Leting sea pond, 60 mu of pond areas, rectangle, east-west direction, the depth of water 0.8 ~ 2.0m.There is 30 ~ 50cm dark at the bottom of the pond, the circular groove of wide 2 ~ 3m, husky mud substrate.
2, mu is put situation in a suitable place to breed: japonicus 1.0 ten thousand tails, specification 0.9 ~ 1.1cm; Lefteye flounder 50 ~ 70 tails, specification 10 ~ 12cm; 1500 of Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1.6 ten thousand/kg of specification; 10000 of blood clams, 10000/kg of specification.
3, rich water: April 10 ~ 20; Seawater 60 ~ 80cm is advanced in the pond; Every mu is carried out rich water with fermentation poultry dung 50 kg, urea 3 ~ 5 kg and superphosphate 1kg, cultivates plankton, and the transparency of pond seawater is controlled at 30 ~ 40cm; When transparency during greater than 40cm, every mu of usefulness 25～30kg chicken manure, urea 2 ~ 3kg and superphosphate 1kg topdress; Said fermentation poultry dung is the mixed of chicken manure and quicklime 5:1, ferments to make after 7 ~ 10 days; Said urea and superphosphate full pool spilling head, said fermentation poultry dung is thrown in the pool side water with the packed tying of braiding;
4, put the seedling time: May 3 ~ 8, throw in blood clam, threw in the shrimp seedling May 5 ~ 10, threw in juvenile crab on May 10 ~ 15, threw in lefteye flounder on June 10 ~ 15;
5, water quality adjustment: at high temperature season in 7 ~ August, changed water 1 time in per 5 ~ 7 days, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5 ~ 1/4, the moisturizing of other times section.Per 15 days full pool spilling head quicklime, chlorine dioxide once, quicklime consumption 20 ~ 25g/m3, chlorine dioxide consumption 0.5g/m3;
6, throwing something and feeding of bait: japonicus body length before 3 ~ 6cm, throw something and feed artemia imago and blue clam, per 10,000 tails are thrown fresh and alive halogen worm 0.5 ~ 1.0kg; Blue clam throwing amount is 70 ~ 100kg/ mu, after the long 7cm of body, and the granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding; Every day, feeding rate 3 ~ 5%, and every day 4 times, the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively 5:00,10:00,17:00,20:00; Wherein first three time feeding volume respectively is that the 10 ~ 13%, four feeding volume of the total feeding volume of whole day accounts for 60 ~ 70% of the total feeding volume of whole day; 7 ~ August, high temperature season was fallen ill for preventing, added 300 ~ 500mg/kg vitamin C or 0.5 ~ 0.8% B B-complex in the bait, threw something and fed continuously and added the bait of vitamin in 2 ~ 3 days, and every first quarter moon is thrown once; Portunus trituberculatus Miers and the lefteye flounder residual bait of ingesting, the bait of need not throwing something and feeding, blood clam are considered the food plankton.
Control group is identical than other conditions of experimental group, and difference is the monoculture japonicus.
Embodiment 3
Experimental group
1, pond condition: the Huanghua sea pond, 5 20 mu of rectangle ponds, east-west direction, depth of water 1.5m is provided with dark 30 ~ 50cm, wide 2.0 ~ 3.0m circular groove, the mud substrate.
2, the mu situation of putting in a suitable place to breed is: Penaeus Vannmei 1.5 ten thousand tails, specification 1.0 ~ 1.1 cm; 3000 of Portunus trituberculatus Miers, 1.2 ten thousand/kg of specification; Mullet 500 tails, specification 2.5 ~ 3cm; 20,000 of bay scallops, specification 0.3 ~ 0.5 cm.
3, rich water: April 10 ~ 20; Seawater 60 ~ 80cm is advanced in the pond; Every mu is carried out rich water with fermentation poultry dung 50 kg, urea 3 ~ 5 kg and superphosphate 1kg, cultivates plankton, and the transparency of pond seawater is controlled at 30 ~ 40cm; When transparency during greater than 40cm, every mu of usefulness 25～30kg chicken manure, urea 2 ~ 3kg and superphosphate 1kg topdress; Said fermentation poultry dung is the mixed of chicken manure and quicklime 5:1, ferments to make after 7 ~ 10 days; Said urea and superphosphate full pool spilling head, said fermentation poultry dung is thrown in the pool side water with the packed tying of braiding;
4, put the seedling time: throw in spat in May 3 ~ 8, threw in the shrimp seedling May 5 ~ 10, threw in juvenile crab on May 10 ~ 15, threw in mullet on June 10 ~ 15;
5, water quality adjustment: at high temperature season in 7 ~ August, changed water 1 time in per 5 ~ 7 days, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5 ~ 1/4, the moisturizing of other times section.Per 15 days quicklime of splashing, chlorine dioxide once, quicklime consumption 20 ~ 25g/m3, chlorine dioxide consumption 0.5g/m3;
6, throwing something and feeding of bait: Penaeus Vannmei body length before 3 ~ 6cm, throw something and feed artemia imago and blue clam, per 10,000 tails are thrown fresh and alive halogen worm 0.5 ~ 1.0kg; Blue clam throwing amount is 70 ~ 100kg/ mu, after the long 7cm of body, and the granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding; Every day, feeding rate 3 ~ 5%, and every day 4 times, the time of throwing something and feeding is respectively 5:00,10:00,17:00,20:00; Wherein first three time feeding volume respectively is that the 10 ~ 13%, four feeding volume of the total feeding volume of whole day accounts for 60 ~ 70% of the total feeding volume of whole day; 7 ~ August, high temperature season was fallen ill for preventing, added 300 ~ 500mg/kg vitamin C or 0.5 ~ 0.8% B B-complex in the bait, threw something and fed continuously and added the bait of vitamin in 2 ~ 3 days, and every first quarter moon is thrown once; Portunus trituberculatus Miers and the mullet residual bait of ingesting, the bait of need not throwing something and feeding, bay scallop are considered the food plankton.
Control group is identical than other conditions of experimental group, and difference is the monoculture Penaeus Vannmei.
Adopt the influence of environmental protection sea pond ecologic breeding of the present invention to the water quality breeding environment: total number of heterotrophic bacteria improves 27.9 ~ 35.6% in whole breed phase experimental group than control group in the detection bed mud sediments, and the quantity of pathogenic bacteria-vibrios reduces by 24.7 ~ 29.1% in whole breed phase experimental group than control group; The NO of experimental group
3The concentration of-N is lower than control group, and the range of decrease is 9.5～26.3%, the average range of decrease 15.9%; NO
2-N the range of decrease 8.3～40.5%, the average range of decrease 20.9%; NH
4-N the range of decrease 11.1～28.1%, the average range of decrease 17.4%; Test tank is similar basically with contrast pond phytoplankton species composition, and gross density is all 40.62～108.20 * 10
4But each algae kind density differs greatly, and contrasts the pond September and compares with test tank, and the density of its blue-green algae, dinoflagellate exceeds 4 times and 8 times relatively, low 5 times of diatom density, and this aquaculture model has inhibitory action to blue-green algae, dinoflagellate growth and breeding.
Claims (3)
1. an environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) cultured fishes simultaneously, shrimps, crab class and shellfish in same sea pond are confirmed the concrete kind of said fish, shrimps, crab class and shellfish and culture quantity according to water quality, the substrate characteristics of sea pond;
(2) put the seedling time: threw in spat May 3 ~ 8, threw in the shrimp seedling May 5 ~ 10, threw in juvenile crab on May 10 ~ 15, throw in fry 20 ~ June 15 May;
(3) rich water: April 10 ~ 20; Seawater 60 ~ 80cm is advanced in the pond; Every mu is carried out rich water with fermentation poultry dung 50 kg, urea 3 ~ 5 kg and superphosphate 1kg, cultivates plankton, and the transparency of pond seawater is controlled at 30 ~ 40cm; When transparency during greater than 40cm, every mu of usefulness 25～30kg chicken manure, urea 2 ~ 3kg and superphosphate 1kg topdress; Said fermentation poultry dung is the mixed of chicken manure and quicklime 5:1, ferments to make after 7 ~ 10 days; Said urea and superphosphate full pool spilling head, said fermentation poultry dung is thrown in the pool side water with the packed tying of braiding;
(4) water quality adjustment: in 7 ~ August, changed water 1 time in per 5 ~ 7 days, each quantity of exchanged water is 1/5 ~ 1/4, the moisturizing of other times section; Quicklime and chlorine dioxide splashed in per 15 days once, quicklime consumption 20 ~ 25g/m
3, chlorine dioxide consumption 0.5 g/m
3
(5) throwing something and feeding of bait: fish do not throw something and feed or throw something and feed freezing sand lance and anchovy, shrimps body length before 3 ~ 6cm, throw something and feed artemia imago and blue clam, after the long 7cm of body, the granular bait for fish of throwing something and feeding, crab class and shellfish are not are not thrown something and fed.
2. a kind of environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said fish are Fugu rubripes, mullet or lefteye flounder; Said shrimps are Penaeus Vannmei or japonicus, and said crab class is a Portunus trituberculatus Miers, and said shellfish is bay scallop or blood clam.
3. a kind of environmental protection sea pond ecological cultivation method according to claim 2, the seedling time that puts that it is characterized in that said Fugu rubripes is May 20 ~ 25, and the release time of mullet is June 10 ~ 15, and the seedling time that puts of lefteye flounder is June 10 ~ 15.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103081838A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-05-08 | 汪远 | Closed seawater ecological cycle cultivation method and device system thereof |
| CN103392675A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 大连棒棰岛海参发展有限公司 | Stereoscopic comprehensive ecological culture method of multiple species in stichopus japonicus pond |
| CN103430882A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Low carbon fish, shrimp and shellfish mixed breeding method |
| CN103907557A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Bay scallop breeding method |
| CN105360581A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-03-02 | 东港市祥顺渔业有限公司 | Fugu rubripes artificial bait production processing method |
| CN108684598A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-23 | 福建省水产研究所 | Intelligent sea pond leisure landscape ecological cultivating system |
| CN109511582A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | 潜江市昌贵水产食品股份有限公司 | A kind of aquatic green cultural method |
| CN110537507A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-06 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Pond ecological breeding method for thamnaconus modestus |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103081838A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2013-05-08 | 汪远 | Closed seawater ecological cycle cultivation method and device system thereof |
| CN103081838B (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-07-02 | 汪远 | Closed seawater ecological cycle cultivation method and device system thereof |
| CN103392675A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 大连棒棰岛海参发展有限公司 | Stereoscopic comprehensive ecological culture method of multiple species in stichopus japonicus pond |
| CN103430882A (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2013-12-11 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Low carbon fish, shrimp and shellfish mixed breeding method |
| CN103430882B (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2015-11-18 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | A kind of fishes and shrimps shellfish polyculture method of low-carbon (LC) |
| CN103907557A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-07-09 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Bay scallop breeding method |
| CN105360581A (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2016-03-02 | 东港市祥顺渔业有限公司 | Fugu rubripes artificial bait production processing method |
| CN105360581B (en) * | 2014-08-18 | 2019-09-06 | 东港市祥顺渔业有限公司 | The production and processing method of Fugu rubripes artitificial food |
| CN108684598A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-23 | 福建省水产研究所 | Intelligent sea pond leisure landscape ecological cultivating system |
| CN109511582A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-03-26 | 潜江市昌贵水产食品股份有限公司 | A kind of aquatic green cultural method |
| CN110537507A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-06 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Pond ecological breeding method for thamnaconus modestus |
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