CN104542390B - Penaeus monodon industrialized high-density cultivating technology - Google Patents

Penaeus monodon industrialized high-density cultivating technology Download PDF

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CN104542390B
CN104542390B CN201410812435.6A CN201410812435A CN104542390B CN 104542390 B CN104542390 B CN 104542390B CN 201410812435 A CN201410812435 A CN 201410812435A CN 104542390 B CN104542390 B CN 104542390B
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pond
shrimp
water
cultivating
sedimentation tank
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CN104542390A (en
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季延滨
孙学亮
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Tianjin Xinjin Cotier Technology Development Co ltd
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TIANJIN MAOLIN AQUATIC PRODUCT CULTURE Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a penaeus monodon industrialized high-density cultivating technology, comprising a young shrimp coarse standard pond, an intermediate cultivating pond, an adult shrimp cultivating pond, a rotary-drum microstrainer, an air-sifter type protein separator, a positive-negative biological processor, a purifying device, a sedimentation tank, an algae biological processor and a controller. According to the penaeus monodon industrialized high-density cultivating technology, the problems that the prawn survival rate is low, the benefit and yield are not prominent, the occupied area is overlarge, and the environmental pollution is severe are fundamentally solved through cultivating penaeus monodon by utilization of industrialized circulating water; by employment of grading multistage cultivation, the aquaculture water space can be sufficiently utilized, the water quality is guaranteed, the possibility of disease occurrence is reduced, the cultivating success rate is improved, drugs are prevented from being used, and the food safety is guaranteed; organic carbon is added in the aquaculture water through a biological floccules device so as to adjust the proportion of carbon to nitrogen, and sufficient oxygenation is combined at the same time, so that the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the water can be promoted, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are reduced up to 98-100%, the feed quantity required for cultivating creatures is reduced, and the benefit is increased.

Description

A kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture technical field, especially relate to a kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique.
Background technology
China is to be engaged in one of aquaculture country with the longest history in the world." port is supported " in southern " fish " and the north As long as mode has continued centuries.Since the establishment of the nation, along with country is to the attention of agricultural working and exerting of waterman author Power, the aquaculture industry of China is flourish, and within 2012, China Water product total output reaches 59,060,000 tons, wherein cultivates Yield 43,050,000 tons, ranks first in the world for the most continuous 24 years.
Prawn culturing is one of the most representational industry in culture fishery.Sudden and violent experienced by nineteen nineties After sending out the epiphytotics serious puzzlement of property, whole world prawn culturing enters the developmental stage of a more rationality in recent years.In State is as one of the major country of production of cultured prawn, and the yield of China's shrimps in culture is 2,420,000 tons, and wherein cultured prawn produces Measuring 1,530,000 tons, mariculture prawn yield is 870,000 tons, estimates to account for more than the 30% of Global Sea Surface shrimp aquaculture yield.
The model area of the prawn culturing of Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area always north cultivating penaeus monodon, aquaculture model mainly has: pond High density culture, the extensive extensive cultivation of the big water surface, Fish-shrimp mix-culture, Mixed cultivation of prawn and crab, membranous system cultural technique etc..But in Tianjin During cultivating penaeus monodon industry develops rapidly, the most also occurring in that some distinct issues, pond culture produces Pattern reveals all disadvantages.
One, aquaculture management technology is also in empirical, and blindness is extremely serious.High density culture water body is by cultivation early stage And later stage, day and night, add water and change water, bait throwing in medication, weather conditions, the impact of micropopulation, change of water quality It is in acute variation with prawn change, there is no quantizating index, can not accurately control and adjust, to water body and cultivation shape The correction of condition is the most delayed.
Its two, under high-density breeding pattern, the Excreta of cultivated animals and the bait residue rich in high protein are deposited on water In, production dilutes or reduces the concentration of harmful substance frequently with the method frequently changing water, particularly to the cultivation later stage, Wastewater displacement is the most acute to be strengthened, and pollutes environment, the serious sustainable health development hindering the sector.Research display, greatly The undressed breeding wastewater of amount be directly discharged to marine be cause China coastal seas seawater quality constantly decline the most former One of because of.In recent ten years, China coastal seas expands one times less than the oceanic area of a class sea water quality standard, four classes and Surpassing the water surface area of four class sea water quality standards more than 50,000 square kilometres, fishery biologic environment constantly deteriorates, prawn culturing Produce sustainable development by severe challenge.
Its three, current high density culture pattern investment is big, but benefit and yield do not highlight, and current 1000~1500 is public Pound/acre yield, if cultivation success rate is less than 60%, produced economic benefit is the most extremely limited, it is difficult to continue to Produce, more can not continue in environment, transformation.
In sum, cultivating penaeus monodon industry must the Technology of production links all to this industry be thought deeply again, Change tradition breeding way, set up new aquaculture model with healthy aquaculture viewpoint, to strengthen pathogenic virus and the control of environment Ability processed.Groping to be suitable for the new technique of Guangdong Province's prawn industry in time, upgrade original cultural technique, exploitation is new Aquaculture model.Industrialization water cyclic culture technology because realizing high-density breeding in indoor, and environmental pollution is little, can To avoid the discharge of breeding pollution thing, abuse of antibiotics, disease to be difficult to control to and the ecocatastrophe that causes of escaping etc. is many asks Topic.
The present invention applies biological flocculation technology in aquaculture, and it has reduction food consumption, reduces aquaculture wastewater discharge Etc. feature.The external example the most applied this technology, McIntosh and Avnimelech etc. is in water circulation system Middle introducing biological flocculation technology, finds to make cultivated animals that by 25%, the utilization ratio of protein is brought up to about 45%; Burford etc. utilize isotope N to follow the trail of cultured prawn to the picked-up of biological flocculation and utilization, show cultured prawn every day from So the nitrogen about 18%~29% of picked-up comes from biological flocculation;The further research such as Panjaitan also finds, utilizes The prawn culturing pond of biological flocculation technology, feedstuff usage amount can reduce 30%.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique, and this technique solves tradition A difficult problem in cultivating penaeus monodon industry, fundamentally changes prawn survival rate low, and benefit and yield do not highlight, and take up an area The difficult problems such as area is excessive, and environmental pollution is serious.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique, it includes shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, becomes shrimp aquaculture Pond, rotary drum Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type biological processor, purifier, sedimentation tank, algae Biological treatment tank and controller, described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, the bottom difference in described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond It is connected by pipeline, in described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, is respectively arranged with life Thing floc sedimentation device, the waste water in described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond is respectively by carrying Water pump flows to described rotary drum Microfilter, and the clear water after described rotary drum Microfilter processes flows to air sifter formula protein separator, Flowing to pros-and-cons type biological processor the most again, the water that described pros-and-cons type biological processor processes enters described purifier, warp The water crossing purifier purification returns to described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, through institute State rotary drum Microfilter and process the precipitation described sedimentation tank of entrance stayed, through the precipitation that described air sifter formula protein separator processes Flowing to described sedimentation tank, the microdeposit through described pros-and-cons type biological processor flows to described sedimentation tank, described sedimentation tank Precipitation flows into algae bio and processes pond after adding clear water, described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp are supported Grow pond, described rotary drum Microfilter, described air sifter formula protein separator, described pros-and-cons type biological processor, described precipitation Being respectively arranged with control valve on pond, described process pond pipeline each other, described controller controls described control by circuit Valve processed.
Described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond are connected with oxygen storage device respectively.
Described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond be provided with automatic monitoring of water quality device, from Dynamic bait-laying device for fish, self-heating apparatus, described automatic monitoring of water quality device will detect that signal is sent to described controller, Described controller is respectively to described automatic bait-laying device for fish, described self-heating apparatus sending action order.
Described automatic bait-laying device for fish is connected with described controller by motor.
Described biological flocculation device adds organic carbon and probiotics in breeding water body, carbon and nitrogen ratio in regulation breeding water body More than 10.
Described controller is PLC program controller.
Described probiotics is bacillus cereus.
It is low that the present invention fundamentally changes prawn survival rate by industrial circulating water cultivating Penaeus monodon, and benefit and yield are also The difficult problems such as not highlighting, floor space is excessive, and environmental pollution is serious;The cultivation of classification multistage can make the space of breeding water body obtain To making full use of, ensure water quality, decreased the probability that disease occurs, improve cultivation success rate, it is to avoid medicine Use, ensured food safety;In breeding water body, organic carbon regulation carbon and nitrogen ratio is added by biological flocculation device, In combination with sufficient oxygen supplement, heterotrophic bacteria growth in water can be promoted, make the nothing that heterotrophic bacteria utilizes aquaculture organism to discharge Machine nitrogen self protein of synthesis, converts the inorganic nitrogen in water body, reduces ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is up to 98~100%, both The problem solving the accumulation of breeding water body harmful substance, improves again the utilization ratio of protein, decreases aquaculture organism pair The requirement of feedstuff, adds income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
Biological flocculation is based on heterotrophic microorganism in breeding water body, organic in biological flocculation combines water body, Inanimate matter, protozoacide and algae etc. and the floccule that formed.Due to heterotrophic microorganism kind and quantity in breeding water body Not enough and heterotrophic microorganism growth and breeding needs to consume substantial amounts of carbon source, it is therefore desirable in aquaculture process reasonably Add probiotics and carbon source, as C/N=10 in breeding water body, heterotrophic microorganism raised growth breeding in water body can be made to be formed Biological flocculation also consumes, by nitrification and denitrification effect, the N that aquatic feeds is dissolved in water body, can obviously reduce water body Middle NO2-N and NH3-N content, the Organic substance in water body also can be changed into own cells material, can have by heterotrophic microorganism Effect reduces COD (COD) in water body.Probiotics in biological flocculation passes through metabolite after entering Penaeus monodon intestinal Or surface antigen stimulates the immune system of Penaeus monodon, it competes nutrition and attachment site with harmful bacteria simultaneously, protects prawn Encroached on by pathogen, and then strengthened the non-specific immunity of Penaeus monodon.After biological flocculation is formed, can be taken the photograph by fish and shrimp Food utilizes and converts oneself protein matter.
The present invention provides a kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique, it include shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, Become shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type biological processor, sedimentation tank, algae life Thing processes pond and controller, and shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, the bottom in one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond are connected by pipeline respectively, Shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, one-tenth are respectively arranged with biological flocculation device in shrimp aquaculture pond, and rotary drum Microfilter passes through Lift pump is connected to shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, becomes shrimp aquaculture pond, the clear water after the process of rotary drum Microfilter Flowing to air sifter formula protein separator, flow to pros-and-cons type biological processor the most again, the water that pros-and-cons type biological processor processes enters Entering purifier, be provided with UV sterilizing unit in purifier, it is thick that the water through purifier purification returns to shrimp Seedling mark Pond, intermediate rearing pond, one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter processes the precipitation stayed and enters sedimentation tank, air sifter formula albumen Separator is connected to sedimentation tank, and pros-and-cons type biological processor connects sedimentation tank, and sedimentation tank is connected to algae bio and processes pond, Shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type are raw Being respectively arranged with control valve on thing processor, sedimentation tank, process pond pipeline each other, controller is controlled by circuit The opening and closing of control valve.
Embodiment
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique, it includes shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing Pond, one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type biological processor, sedimentation tank, algae Class biological treatment tank and PLC program controller, shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, the bottom in one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond lead to respectively Piping is connected, and shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, one-tenth are respectively arranged with biological flocculation device in shrimp aquaculture pond, turn Drum-type Microfilter is connected to shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond by lift pump, is become shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum microfiltration Clear water after machine processes flows to air sifter formula protein separator, flows to pros-and-cons type biological processor the most again, at pros-and-cons type biology The water that reason device processes enters purifier, is provided with UV sterilizing unit in purifier, through the water that purifier purifies Returning to shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, become shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter processes the precipitation stayed and enters precipitation Pond, the precipitation processed through air sifter formula protein separator flows to sedimentation tank, through the microdeposit stream that pros-and-cons type biological processor processes Enter algae bio after precipitation adds clear water in sedimentation tank, sedimentation tank and process pond, algae in algae bio processes pond Process after this water body return to rotary drum Microfilter, shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, become shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Set on Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type biological processor, sedimentation tank, process pond pipeline each other Some control valves are connected with PLC program controller by circuit, and PLC program controller controls control valve by circuit Opening and closing.
Shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond are connected with oxygen storage device respectively, and oxygen storage device utilizes ejector Pure oxygen is dissolved in water, and forms the current of certain orientation, be greatly improved oxygen-transfer efficiency.
Shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, intermediate rearing pond, become shrimp aquaculture pond be provided with automatic monitoring of water quality device, automatic bait-laying device for fish, Self-heating apparatus, automatic monitoring of water quality device, automatic bait-laying device for fish, self-heating apparatus respectively with PLC program control Device is connected, and automatic monitoring of water quality device will detect that water quality signal is sent to PLC program controller, PLC program controller Can fill to automatic bait-laying device for fish, self-heating apparatus, control valve sending action order, Autoamtic bait putting according to water quality condition Put and be connected with PLC program controller by motor, increase PLC program controller make its automatic monitoring of water quality device, from Dynamic bait-laying device for fish, the Automated condtrol of self-heating apparatus are further strengthened.
Biological flocculation device adds organic carbon and probiotics in breeding water body, and in regulation breeding water body, carbon is more than with nitrogen ratio 10, optimally, in breeding water body, carbon and nitrogen ratio are 12.Wherein, probiotics can be bacillus cereus.Can in aquaculture The probiotic bacteria of application has tens of kinds, wherein the most typical probiotic bacteria of bacillus cereus, and bacillus cereus commonly uses micro-life as one State preparation, it is extremely strong to environment-adapting ability, is difficult to variation, and metabolite is nontoxic, and extracellular enzyme is numerous.Bacillus cereus can Consume, by nitrification and denitrification effect, the N that aquatic feeds is dissolved in water body, can obviously reduce NO in water body2-N and NH3-N content, also can change into own cells material by the Organic substance in water body, can effectively reduce chemical oxygen demand in water body Amount (COD).
Often set cultivating system includes 3 culturing pools: shrimp Seedling standard crude pool (accounts for the 8% of cumulative volume ratio), and intermediate rearing pond (accounts for The 23% of cumulative volume ratio) with become shrimp aquaculture district (accounting for the 69% of cumulative volume ratio), by pipeline phase bottom each culturing pool Logical, it is simple to the pond of shrimp.Prawn culturing process is divided into children's phase, mid-term, one-tenth shrimp phase 3 independent cultivation stage by system. The culturing pool that each stage is the most different completes.Shrimp Seedling is originally placed in 1 little culturing pool, and area accounts for system About the 8% of the gross area.Cultivating 20~25 days, the shrimp of body length 3~4cm is transferred to the 2nd culturing pool;2nd cultivation Pool area accounts for the 23% of the gross area, cultivates 20~25 days, and body length 7~8cm shrimp finally be transferred to the culturing pool of maximum;The 3 pool areas account for the 69% of the gross area, then the cultivation through about 20~25 days, and shrimp just can reach to list specification.
By adding organic carbon (molasses) regulation carbon and nitrogen ratio in breeding water body, in combination with sufficient oxygen supplement, can To promote heterotrophic bacteria growth in water, the inorganic nitrogen making heterotrophic bacteria utilize aquaculture organism to discharge synthesizes the protein of self, Convert the inorganic nitrogen in water body, reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is up to 98~100%.Owing to the inorganic nitrogen in water obtains effectively Convert, decrease quantity of exchanged water, maintain the water temperature needed for aquaculture organism so that can cultivate under the conditions of minimum quantity of exchanged water Litopenaeus vannamei.Biological flocculation technology has biological safety high (avoiding the highly pathogenic outbreak of disease such as WSSV), low The advantages such as exchanged water rate, high-density breeding, feed coefficient are low, aquaculture cost reduction.Owing to using biology wadding in culturing pool Group's technology, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen salt level in water body can control in level of security.But in its breeding process, one Denier occurs when ammonia nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen salt are too high, can pass through air-lift device, the water in culturing pool is mentioned rotary drum Microfilter In, after precipitation, reflux back culturing pool by the clear water of upper one-tenth so that the Water-quality control processed is at usable range.
Above one embodiment of the present of invention is described in detail, but described content has been only the preferable enforcement of the present invention Example, it is impossible to be considered the practical range for limiting the present invention.All equalizations made according to the present patent application scope change and change Enter, within all should still belonging to the patent covering scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique, it is characterised in that: it includes shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, middle training Educate pond, become shrimp aquaculture pond, rotary drum Microfilter, air sifter formula protein separator, pros-and-cons type biological processor, purifier, Sedimentation tank, algae bio process pond and controller, described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture The bottom in pond is connected by pipeline respectively, in described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond Be respectively arranged with biological flocculation device, described rotary drum Microfilter by lift pump be connected to described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, Described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, the clear water after the process of described rotary drum Microfilter flows to air sifter formula albumen and divides From device, flowing to pros-and-cons type biological processor the most again, the water that described pros-and-cons type biological processor processes enters described purification and fills Putting, the water purified through purifier returns to described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, Described rotary drum Microfilter processes the precipitation stayed and enters described sedimentation tank, and described air sifter formula protein separator is connected to described Sedimentation tank, described pros-and-cons type biological processor connects described sedimentation tank, and described sedimentation tank is connected to algae bio and processes pond, Described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond, described rotary drum Microfilter, described air sifter formula On protein separator, described pros-and-cons type biological processor, described sedimentation tank, described process pond pipeline each other respectively Being provided with control valve, described control valve is connected with described controller by circuit, described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described middle training Educate pond, described one-tenth shrimp aquaculture pond is connected with oxygen storage device respectively, described shrimp Seedling standard crude pool, described intermediate rearing pond, described Becoming shrimp aquaculture pond to be provided with automatic monitoring of water quality device, automatic bait-laying device for fish, self-heating apparatus, described water quality is supervised automatically Control device, described automatic bait-laying device for fish, described self-heating apparatus are connected with described controller respectively, described biological flocculation Device adds organic carbon and probiotics in breeding water body, and in regulation breeding water body, carbon and nitrogen ratio are more than 10, described control Device is PLC program controller.
A kind of Penaeus monodon batch production high-density breeding technique the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Probiotics is bacillus cereus.
CN201410812435.6A 2014-12-22 2014-12-22 Penaeus monodon industrialized high-density cultivating technology Expired - Fee Related CN104542390B (en)

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