CN113994907A - Method for breeding large-size salt pan shrimps - Google Patents
Method for breeding large-size salt pan shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- CN113994907A CN113994907A CN202011625504.4A CN202011625504A CN113994907A CN 113994907 A CN113994907 A CN 113994907A CN 202011625504 A CN202011625504 A CN 202011625504A CN 113994907 A CN113994907 A CN 113994907A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A method for culturing large-size salt pan shrimps comprises the following steps: reforming, pool bottom pretreatment, early-stage water treatment, fry placing, feeding, shrimp fry transferring, water quality control, disease prevention and control, and shrimp collecting in turn; the invention improves the survival rate of the shrimps by transforming the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby greatly improving the yield per mu and the total output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mariculture, and particularly relates to a method for culturing large-size salt pan shrimps.
Background
China is a big south America white shrimp breeding country, starts to become an important breed for breeding the shrimps in China in 1999, rapidly develops in the three provinces in south, and has become a shrimp breeding breed which is generally popularized in China and has the top yield up to now; the method has the advantages that while the production is developed at a high speed, serious problems of uneven seedling quality, virus carrying, slow growth and the like occur, and the sustainable development of the penaeus vannamei boone breeding industry in China is directly threatened; since 2017, the cultivation success rate of southern Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces is reduced sharply, and the cultivation of northern Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces in a salt pan special ecological system in the cities of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces is raised regardless of cultivation area, yield, success rate and product quality; the area of the salt pan in the east coastal region of China is 505.5 ten thousand mu, which is far larger than the area of 195 ten thousand mu of the seawater culture pond in China; the salinity of the original group of the penaeus vannamei boone is 10-25 per mill optimally, and the salinity of a special ecosystem of a salt pan is only about 10 percent of 25-30 per mill; the salinity is 30-50 per mill and 50-60 percent, and the salinity is 50-65 per mill and about 30 percent; in addition, the area of the general pond of the salt pan is large and varies from hundreds of mu to thousands of mu, and the water level is only 60-70 cm; the growth period in the north is short; the southern small-area pond culture technology is difficult to copy to a special ecosystem of a salt pan; how to improve the culture area and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone in the special ecosystem of the salt pan by using the culture mode of the special ecosystem of the salt pan is the problem existing at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for breeding large-size salt pan shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
1. modification: originally, exceed thousand mu to several thousand mu, the primary evaporation pond of water level 60~70 cm's sea water salt pan reforms transform into single 100~500 mu, water level 120~150 cm. And (3) arranging ring ditches outside 10-20 meters of the four side slopes, wherein the width of each ring ditch is 20-30 meters, and the depth of each ring ditch is 40-60 cm. Each conditional pond can be provided with an independent drainage system, an upstream water outlet is a downstream water inlet, and water flow is S-shaped; a small pond (a standard coarse pond for short) is arranged at the corner of each culture pond according to the ratio of 100-200: 1, slope geotextile protects the slope, the bottom of the pond is inclined in a straight line, the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm. The area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond. The side slopes and the pond bottoms are all made of cement or geomembranes. The transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate. Two water treatment ponds and a standard thick pond with the area of 1:10 are arranged, the standard thick pond uses a steel pipe as a framework, and a plastic film greenhouse is covered on the framework.
2. Pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining off water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime per mu, properly using the quicklime in low-lying places for multiple purposes, mechanically ploughing by 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days.
3. Early-stage water treatment: and (3) before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use. 10-15 ppm available chlorine is used in the water treatment pond, the aerator is used for aeration, the residual chlorine is detected to be qualified, and water is pumped to a standard coarse pond. The microbial preparation fermented prawn compound feed is rich in water, the fermented fertilizer is prepared by adding 1 kg of clear water into 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, sprinkling into the whole pond, using once a day, and properly opening aeration. The common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are bred and then prepared for seedling throwing and coarse marking.
4. Seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond. Detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released.
5. Feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
6. transferring shrimp larvae: the demersal habit of the shrimps, more than 80 percent of the shrimp seedlings are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent. From beginning shrimp larvae transfer, the thick pond of mark, the transition pond, aquaculture pond three all communicate with each other, wait that the thick pond of mark water level drops to about 20cm, separate transition pond and aquaculture pond with the gate board, use 7.5 KW's water pump (filter screen to separate shrimp larvae) to draw water to aquaculture pond from the transition pond, the water level of transition pond reduces, the shrimp larvae in the thick pond of mark all transfer to the transition pond, then, close the gate between thick pond of mark and the transition pond, aquaculture pond and transition pond early gate open, introduce aquaculture pond through light (shrimp larvae phototaxis), fodder etc. in aquaculture pond one side.
7. Water quality regulation and control: the water quality can be regulated by using the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus, and the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus is used once every half month.
8. Feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, 2# and 3# feeds are fed, 2 meals are fed every day, and about 2% of the feeding amount is left on the bait table every time to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns. According to the feeding principle, the feeding of the shrimps is sufficient, the feeding of the medium shrimps is controlled, and the feeding of the shrimps is reduced. When 100% of the materials on the material platform are eaten up, the bait is not enough, and 1.0% -1.5% of the materials can be added. The bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, water quality and prawn growth condition. The material should be reduced or stopped at the molting time of shrimp, rainy weather and temperature over 35 deg.C
9. Disease prevention and control: the method comprises the steps of growing prawns by about 5cm, stocking and domesticating each mu of prawns, placing a modified shrimp guide net every 40-50 mu of prawns by utilizing the characteristic that sick prawns and weak prawns move along the pond side and attached to the water surface when the prawns grow to about 7-8 cm, pulling a 30-50 m 60-mesh net from a side slope by 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface, arranging the shrimp guide net at one end far away from the side slope, and guiding the sick prawns and the weak prawns into hubs, and cleaning the shrimp guide net once every 2-3 days, so that the sick prawns and the weak prawns are prevented from being eaten by healthy prawns and the infection sources are cut off. 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool before and after the sudden change of weather (cold flow, strong wind, high temperature and the like) in each mu of land. Reeds can be planted in the saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract some birds to lay eggs, so that habitat is increased, the birds can timely clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface, and the method is also one of effective means for preventing and controlling disease organisms.
10. And collecting the shrimps in a wheel manner, and when the shrimps are cultured for nearly 120 days, starting to collect the shrimps by using a labyrinth or a ground cage with meshes of more than 1.8cm, and replacing the net serving as a disease prevention and control net originally with a net tool of 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface. Harvesting 20-25 g of prawn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention changes the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby enlarging the culture area.
2. The shrimp larvae are thickened, the standardized breeding is carried out in the early stage, and the salinization thickening is carried out in the later stage, so that the survival rate of the shrimps can be improved, and the yield per mu and the total output are greatly improved.
3. The transfer of the shrimp larvae is time-saving and labor-saving, the efficiency is improved, the damage of the shrimp larvae is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.
4. The disease prevention and control is the combination of biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control: the physical prevention and control is to arrange a shrimp guide net to eliminate the sick shrimps by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and are attached to the water surface; the biological prevention and control is to attract birds to clean up sick shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time by using the tail of the lance goby and the planted reed.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for culturing large-size salt pan shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond; a small pond (a standard coarse pond for short) is arranged at the corner of each culture pond according to the ratio of 100-200: 1, slope geotextile protects the slope, the bottom of the pond is inclined in a straight line, the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm. The area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond. The side slopes and the pond bottoms are all made of cement or geomembranes. The transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate. Arranging two water treatment ponds, wherein the area of the standard thick pond is 1:10, using a steel pipe as a framework, and covering a plastic film greenhouse;
(2) pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use; using 10-15 ppm of available chlorine for the water treatment pond, aerating by an aerator, detecting that residual chlorine is qualified, and pumping water to a standard coarse pond; fermenting the prawn compound feed rich water by using a microbial preparation, adding 1 kg of clear water into the fermented fertilizer 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, splashing the whole pond, using the fermented fertilizer once a day, and properly opening for oxygenation; the common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are prepared for seedling throwing and are marked to be thick after breeding;
(4) seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond; detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of the seedlings within 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released;
(5) feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
(6) transferring shrimp larvae: more than 80 percent of shrimp fries are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent; from the beginning of shrimp larva transfer, the standard coarse pond, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are communicated, the water level of the standard coarse pond is lowered to about 20cm, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are separated by a gate plate, a 7.5KW water pump is used for pumping water from the transition pond to the aquaculture pond, the water level of the transition pond is lowered, all the shrimp larvae in the standard coarse pond are transferred to the transition pond, then a gate between the standard coarse pond and the transition pond is closed, the aquaculture pond and the transition pond are opened, and light, feed and the like are introduced into the aquaculture pond from one side of the aquaculture pond;
(7) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
(8) feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, feeding 2# and 3# materials, feeding 2 meals every day, and leaving about 2% of the feeding amount of each feeding on the bait table to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns; the bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, the water quality and the growth condition of the prawns;
(9) disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow for 5cm, 4-5 cm of the tail lobster goby with consistent salinity with the target pond is domesticated per mu, when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, a modified shrimp guide net is placed per 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and attached to the water surface, a 30-50 m and 60-mesh net is pulled from a side slope 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface, the shrimp guide net is arranged at one end far away from the side slope, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are induced into the hubs, the shrimps are cleaned once every 2-3 days, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are prevented from being eaten by healthy shrimps and silkworms, and the infection source is cut off. Before and after the sudden change of weather, 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool per mu of land; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract birds to lay eggs, a habitat is increased, and the birds clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(10) collecting the shrimps in a wheel, using a shrimp guide net with a mesh of more than 1.8cm to collect the shrimps when the shrimps are cultured for nearly 120 days, replacing a net serving as a disease control net with a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface, and harvesting 20-25 g of the shrimps.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for culturing large-size salt pan shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use; using 10-15 ppm of available chlorine for the water treatment pond, aerating by an aerator, detecting that residual chlorine is qualified, and pumping water to a standard coarse pond; fermenting the prawn compound feed rich water by using a microbial preparation, adding 1 kg of clear water into the fermented fertilizer 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, splashing the whole pond, using the fermented fertilizer once a day, and properly opening for oxygenation; the common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are prepared for seedling throwing and are marked to be thick after breeding;
(4) seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond; detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of the seedlings within 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released;
(5) feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
(6) transferring shrimp larvae: more than 80 percent of shrimp fries are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent; from the beginning of shrimp larva transfer, the standard coarse pond, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are communicated, the water level of the standard coarse pond is lowered to about 20cm, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are separated by a gate plate, a 7.5KW water pump is used for pumping water from the transition pond to the aquaculture pond, the water level of the transition pond is lowered, all the shrimp larvae in the standard coarse pond are transferred to the transition pond, then a gate between the standard coarse pond and the transition pond is closed, the aquaculture pond and the transition pond are opened, and light, feed and the like are introduced into the aquaculture pond from one side of the aquaculture pond;
(7) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
(8) feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, feeding 2# and 3# materials, feeding 2 meals every day, and leaving about 2% of the feeding amount of each feeding on the bait table to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns; the bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, the water quality and the growth condition of the prawns;
(9) disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow for 5cm, stocking domesticated 4-5 cm of lobster tail goby with consistent salinity with a target pond per mu, placing a modified shrimp guide net every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristic that sick shrimps and weak shrimps move along the pond side and attached to the water surface when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, pulling a 30-50 m 60-mesh net from 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface from the side slope, arranging the shrimp guide net at one end far away from the side slope, inducing the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps into the hubs, cleaning once every 2-3 days, avoiding the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps from being eaten by healthy shrimps and cutting off the infection source; before and after the sudden change of weather, 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool per mu of land; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract birds to lay eggs, a habitat is increased, and the birds clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(10) collecting the shrimps in a wheel, using a shrimp guide net with a mesh of more than 1.8cm to collect the shrimps when the shrimps are cultured for nearly 120 days, replacing a net serving as a disease control net with a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface, and harvesting 20-25 g of the shrimps.
2. The method for culturing the large-size salt pan shrimps as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), a small pond is arranged at the corner of each culture pond according to the ratio of 100-200: 1, the slope is protected by geotextile, the bottom of the pond is inclined in a straight line, the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm; the area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond; the side slope and the pond bottom are made of cement or geomembrane; the transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate; two water treatment ponds and a standard thick pond with the area of 1:10 are arranged, the standard thick pond uses a steel pipe as a framework, and a plastic film greenhouse is covered on the framework.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113994906A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-02-01 | 汇泰渤海水产有限责任公司 | Method for cultivating salt pan shrimps by rotation and rotation |
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