CN113317246A - Grading culture method for salt pan shrimps - Google Patents
Grading culture method for salt pan shrimps Download PDFInfo
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- CN113317246A CN113317246A CN202011625222.4A CN202011625222A CN113317246A CN 113317246 A CN113317246 A CN 113317246A CN 202011625222 A CN202011625222 A CN 202011625222A CN 113317246 A CN113317246 A CN 113317246A
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A graded cultivation method for salt pan shrimps comprises the following steps: reforming, pool bottom pretreatment, early-stage water treatment, fry placing, feeding, shrimp fry transferring, water quality control, disease prevention and control, and shrimp collecting in turn; the invention improves the survival rate of the shrimps by transforming the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby greatly improving the yield per mu and the total output.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mariculture, and particularly relates to a graded culture method for shrimps in a salt pan.
Background
China is a big south America white shrimp breeding country, starts to become an important breed for breeding the shrimps in China in 1999, rapidly develops in the three provinces in south, and has become a shrimp breeding breed which is generally popularized in China and has the top yield up to now; the method has the advantages that while the production is developed at a high speed, serious problems of uneven seedling quality, virus carrying, slow growth and the like occur, and the sustainable development of the penaeus vannamei boone breeding industry in China is directly threatened; since 2017, the cultivation success rate of southern Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces is reduced sharply, and the cultivation of northern Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces in a salt pan special ecological system in the cities of Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and other provinces is raised regardless of cultivation area, yield, success rate and product quality; the area of the salt pan in the east coastal region of China is 505.5 ten thousand mu, which is far larger than the area of 195 ten thousand mu of the seawater culture pond in China; the salinity of the original group of the penaeus vannamei boone is 10-25 per mill optimally, and the salinity of a special ecosystem of a salt pan is only about 10 percent of 25-30 per mill; the salinity is 30-50 per mill and 50-60 percent, and the salinity is 50-65 per mill and about 30 percent; in addition, the area of the general pond of the salt pan is large and varies from hundreds of mu to thousands of mu, and the water level is only 60-70 cm; the growth period in the north is short; the southern small-area pond culture technology is difficult to copy to a special ecosystem of a salt pan; how to improve the culture area and the yield of the penaeus vannamei boone in the special ecosystem of the salt pan by using the culture mode of the special ecosystem of the salt pan is the problem existing at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a graded cultivation method for salt pan shrimps, which comprises the following steps:
1. modification: originally, exceed thousand mu to several thousand mu, the primary evaporation pond of water level 60~70 cm's sea water salt pan reforms transform into single 100~500 mu, water level 120~150 cm. And (3) arranging ring ditches outside 10-20 meters of the four side slopes, wherein the width of each ring ditch is 20-30 meters, and the depth of each ring ditch is 40-60 cm. Each pond can be provided with an independent drainage system (called 'not' type) conditionally, an upstream water outlet can be a downstream water inlet without condition, and the water flow is in an 'S' type; a small pond (a standard coarse pond for short) is arranged at the corner of each culture pond according to the ratio of 100-200: 1, slope geotextile protects the slope, the bottom of the pond is inclined in a straight line, the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm. The area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond. The side slopes and the pond bottoms are all made of cement or geomembranes. The transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate. Two water treatment ponds and a standard thick pond with the area of 1:10 are arranged, the standard thick pond uses a steel pipe as a framework, and a plastic film greenhouse is covered on the framework.
2. Pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining off water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime per mu, properly using the quicklime in low-lying places for multiple purposes, mechanically ploughing by 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days.
3. Early-stage water treatment: and (3) before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use. 10-15 ppm available chlorine is used in the water treatment pond, the aerator is used for aeration, the residual chlorine is detected to be qualified, and water is pumped to a standard coarse pond. The microbial preparation fermented prawn compound feed is rich in water, the fermented fertilizer is prepared by adding 1 kg of clear water into 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, sprinkling into the whole pond, using once a day, and properly opening aeration. The common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are bred and then prepared for seedling throwing and coarse marking.
4. Seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond. Detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released.
5. Feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
6. transferring shrimp larvae: the demersal habit of the shrimps, more than 80 percent of the shrimp seedlings are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent. From beginning shrimp larvae transfer, the thick pond of mark, the transition pond, aquaculture pond three all communicate with each other, wait that the thick pond of mark water level drops to about 20cm, separate transition pond and aquaculture pond with the gate board, use 7.5 KW's water pump (filter screen to separate shrimp larvae) to draw water to aquaculture pond from the transition pond, the water level of transition pond reduces, the shrimp larvae in the thick pond of mark all transfer to the transition pond, then, close the gate between thick pond of mark and the transition pond, aquaculture pond and transition pond early gate open, introduce aquaculture pond through light (shrimp larvae phototaxis), fodder etc. in aquaculture pond one side.
7. Water quality regulation and control: the water quality can be regulated by using the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus, and the wheat bran fermented by the bacillus and the lactobacillus is used once every half month.
8. Feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, 2# and 3# feeds are fed, 2 meals are fed every day, and about 2% of the feeding amount is left on the bait table every time to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns. According to the feeding principle, the feeding of the shrimps is sufficient, the feeding of the medium shrimps is controlled, and the feeding of the shrimps is reduced. When 100% of the materials on the material platform are eaten up, the bait is not enough, and 1.0% -1.5% of the materials can be added. The bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, water quality and prawn growth condition. The material should be reduced or stopped at the molting time of shrimp, rainy weather and temperature over 35 deg.C
9. Disease prevention and control: the method comprises the steps of growing prawns by about 5cm, stocking and domesticating each mu of prawns, placing a modified shrimp guide net every 40-50 mu of prawns by utilizing the characteristic that sick prawns and weak prawns move along the pond side and attached to the water surface when the prawns grow to about 7-8 cm, pulling a 30-50 m 60-mesh net from a side slope by 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface, arranging the shrimp guide net at one end far away from the side slope, and guiding the sick prawns and the weak prawns into hubs, and cleaning the shrimp guide net once every 2-3 days, so that the sick prawns and the weak prawns are prevented from being eaten by healthy prawns and the infection sources are cut off. 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool before and after the sudden change of weather (cold flow, strong wind, high temperature and the like) in each mu of land. Reeds can be planted in the saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract some birds to lay eggs, so that habitat is increased, the birds can timely clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface, and the method is also one of effective means for preventing and controlling disease organisms.
10. Collecting shrimps in a wheel manner, when the shrimp is cultured for 120 days (calculated from the rough marking time), using shrimp guide nets with different net meshes to collect the shrimps according to the needs of customers, and changing the net serving as a head-on net originally used for disease prevention and control into a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface. And harvesting shrimps with different specifications.
According to the research and actual production of experts, the body length of the prawns in the early period grows linearly, and the body weight of the prawns in the middle and later periods grows in an accelerated way. And (3) according to a nonlinear fitting result, the length growth of the prawn is a Quadratic curve, the prawn accords with a Quadratic model, the weight growth is an S-shaped curve, and the prawn accords with a Boltzmann model. According to the characteristic, the method is divided into two stages, the biological load of the high-density intensified seawater is small and the quantity of the high-density intensified seawater is preserved before 3-4 cm of the prawns; after 3-4 cm, the weight is quickly increased, and the quality of the prawns is improved by using low-density ecological breeding
The cultivation method is characterized in that 1, a salinization standard coarse pond is connected with a cultivation pond, and a transition pond can be arranged between the salinization standard coarse pond and the cultivation pond. A water treatment pool is additionally arranged; 2. and (5) when the shrimps are cultured to the end of 7 months, using the fan net with different meshes to harvest the shrimps with different specifications according to the requirements of customers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention changes the primary evaporation pond of the seawater salt pan into a single culture pond, thereby enlarging the culture area.
2. The shrimp larvae are thickened, the standardized breeding is carried out in the early stage, and the salinization thickening is carried out in the later stage, so that the survival rate of the shrimps can be improved, and the yield per mu and the total output are greatly improved.
3. The transfer of the shrimp larvae is time-saving and labor-saving, the efficiency is improved, the damage of the shrimp larvae is reduced, and the survival rate is improved.
4. The disease prevention and control is the combination of biological prevention and control and physical prevention and control: the physical prevention and control is to arrange a shrimp guide net to eliminate the sick shrimps by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and are attached to the water surface; the biological prevention and control is to attract birds to clean up sick shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time by using the tail of the lance goby and the planted reed.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A graded cultivation method for salt pan shrimps comprises the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond; arranging a small pond at the corner of each aquaculture pond according to a ratio of 100-200: 1, protecting the slope with side slope geotextile, inclining the pond bottom in a straight line, wherein the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm; the area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond; the side slope and the pond bottom are made of cement or geomembrane; the transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate; two water treatment ponds and a standard thick pond with the area of 1:10 are arranged, the standard thick pond uses a steel pipe as a framework, and a plastic film greenhouse is covered on the framework.
(2) Pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use; using 10-15 ppm of available chlorine for the water treatment pond, aerating by an aerator, detecting that residual chlorine is qualified, and pumping water to a standard coarse pond; fermenting the prawn compound feed rich water by using a microbial preparation, adding 1 kg of clear water into the fermented fertilizer 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, splashing the whole pond, using the fermented fertilizer once a day, and properly opening for oxygenation; the common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are prepared for seedling throwing and are marked to be thick after breeding;
(4) seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond; detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of the seedlings within 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released;
(5) feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
(6) transferring shrimp larvae: more than 80 percent of shrimp fries are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent; from the beginning of shrimp larva transfer, the standard coarse pond, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are communicated, the water level of the standard coarse pond is lowered to about 20cm, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are separated by a gate plate, a 7.5KW water pump is used for pumping water from the transition pond to the aquaculture pond, the water level of the transition pond is lowered, all the shrimp larvae in the standard coarse pond are transferred to the transition pond, then a gate between the standard coarse pond and the transition pond is closed, the aquaculture pond and the transition pond are opened, and light, feed and the like are introduced into the aquaculture pond from one side of the aquaculture pond;
(7) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
(8) feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, feeding 2# and 3# materials, feeding 2 meals every day, and leaving about 2% of the feeding amount of each feeding on the bait table to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns; the bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, the water quality and the growth condition of the prawns;
(9) disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow for 5cm, 4-5 cm of the tail lobster goby with consistent salinity with the target pond is domesticated per mu, when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, a modified shrimp guide net is placed per 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristics that the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps move along the sides of the pond and attached to the water surface, a 30-50 m and 60-mesh net is pulled from a side slope 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface, the shrimp guide net is arranged at one end far away from the side slope, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are induced into the hubs, the shrimps are cleaned once every 2-3 days, the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps are prevented from being eaten by healthy shrimps and silkworms, and the infection source is cut off. Before and after the sudden change of weather, 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool per mu of land; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract birds to lay eggs, a habitat is increased, and the birds clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(10) collecting shrimps in a wheel manner, when the shrimps are cultured for nearly 120 days, using shrimp guide nets with different meshes to collect the shrimps according to the needs of customers, changing the net serving as a disease prevention and control net into a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface, and harvesting the shrimps with different specifications.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications of the structures, features and principles described in the claims of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for graded cultivation of the salt pan shrimps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) modification: reconstructing an original seawater salt pan evaporation pond with water level of 60-70 cm and water level of more than one thousand mu to several thousand mu into a single culture pond;
(2) pretreatment of the pool bottom: draining water, using 50-200 kg of quicklime in each mu of seawater salt pan culture pond, mechanically ploughing for 20-30 cm, and airing for more than 30 days;
(3) early-stage water treatment: before the water temperature is 0 ℃, feeding 100-120 cm of water into the aquaculture pond, and precipitating for later use; using 10-15 ppm of available chlorine for the water treatment pond, aerating by an aerator, detecting that residual chlorine is qualified, and pumping water to a standard coarse pond; fermenting the prawn compound feed rich water by using a microbial preparation, adding 1 kg of clear water into the fermented fertilizer 250 g/mu of bacillus subtilis + 250 g/mu of prawn compound feed + 50 g/mu of yeast + 50 ml/mu of EM bacteria, uniformly stirring, sealing and fermenting for 3 days, adding water, splashing the whole pond, using the fermented fertilizer once a day, and properly opening for oxygenation; the common water color is best in yellow brown and yellow green, the transparency is 30cm, and planktons in water are prepared for seedling throwing and are marked to be thick after breeding;
(4) seedling releasing: the plastic greenhouse plays a role in heat preservation, the water temperature is gradually increased to 21-25 ℃, the salinity is adjusted to be within +/-1 per mill of the nursery site, the shrimp seedlings are placed by about 1cm, and the quantity is calculated according to the area of the aquaculture pond; detecting various viruses, vibrios and enterohepatic hydatid and carrying out emergency test; after water testing, the survival rate of the seedlings within 24 hours is 95 percent, and the seedlings can be released;
(5) feeding: in clear weather, when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the greenhouse needs to be ventilated and convected for 2-4 hours every day, the mixed feed is fed in the next day when seedlings are released, the water with high salinity of the water treatment pond is pumped to the small pond by a water pump for adjusting the salinity on the third day, the water is fed in 10-20 cm every day, the water level is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 m, the surplus water is discharged to the large pond for about 20 days of cultivation, the water temperature of the large pond is stabilized to be more than 25 ℃, the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, and then the shrimp seedlings in the small pond can flow to the large pond;
(6) transferring shrimp larvae: more than 80 percent of shrimp fries are transferred from the standard coarse pond to the culture pond at the last water level of about 20 percent; from the beginning of shrimp larva transfer, the standard coarse pond, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are communicated, the water level of the standard coarse pond is lowered to about 20cm, the transition pond and the aquaculture pond are separated by a gate plate, a 7.5KW water pump is used for pumping water from the transition pond to the aquaculture pond, the water level of the transition pond is lowered, all the shrimp larvae in the standard coarse pond are transferred to the transition pond, then a gate between the standard coarse pond and the transition pond is closed, the aquaculture pond and the transition pond are opened, and light, feed and the like are introduced into the aquaculture pond from one side of the aquaculture pond;
(7) water quality regulation and control: the water quality is regulated and controlled by the cooperation of the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria, and the bacillus and the wheat bran fermented by the lactic acid bacteria are used once every half month;
(8) feeding in an aquaculture pond: after the prawns normally feed on the bait table, feeding 2# and 3# materials, feeding 2 meals every day, and leaving about 2% of the feeding amount of each feeding on the bait table to test the reasonable feeding amount of the prawns; the bait feeding amount is properly adjusted according to the weather, the water quality and the growth condition of the prawns;
(9) disease prevention and control: when the shrimps grow for 5cm, stocking domesticated 4-5 cm of lobster tail goby with consistent salinity with a target pond per mu, placing a modified shrimp guide net every 40-50 mu by utilizing the characteristic that sick shrimps and weak shrimps move along the pond side and attached to the water surface when the shrimps grow to about 7-8 cm, pulling a 30-50 m 60-mesh net from 30-50 cm underwater to 5-10 cm above the water surface from the side slope, arranging the shrimp guide net at one end far away from the side slope, inducing the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps into the hubs, cleaning once every 2-3 days, avoiding the sick shrimps and the weak shrimps from being eaten by healthy shrimps and cutting off the infection source; before and after the sudden change of weather, 30 g of Vc raw powder is splashed in a full pool per mu of land; reed is planted in saline-alkali soil around the aquaculture pond to attract birds to lay eggs, a habitat is increased, and the birds clean diseased shrimps and weak shrimps floating on the water surface in time;
(10) collecting shrimps in a wheel manner, when the shrimps are cultured for nearly 120 days, using shrimp guide nets with different meshes to collect the shrimps according to the needs of customers, changing the net serving as a disease prevention and control net into a net tool which is 5-10 cm from the bottom of the pond to the water surface, and harvesting the shrimps with different specifications.
2. The method for the graded cultivation of the shrimps in the salt pan as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), a small pond is arranged at the corner of each cultivation pond according to the ratio of 100-200: 1, the slope is protected by geotextile, the bottom of the pond is inclined in a straight line, the water level difference is 50-60 cm, and the average water level is 100 cm; the area of the transition pond is 50-100 square meters, the bottom of the transition pond is 80cm lower than that of the standard thick pond, and seedlings in the standard thick pond can be completely discharged into the transition pond; the side slope and the pond bottom are made of cement or geomembrane; the transition pond is connected with the aquaculture pond through a gate plate; two water treatment ponds and a standard thick pond with the area of 1:10 are arranged, the standard thick pond uses a steel pipe as a framework, and a plastic film greenhouse is covered on the framework.
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