CN102505763A - Externally laid masonry composite heat-insulating sintered building block exterior wall heat insulating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an external wall thermal insulation system of an externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block, and relates to the technical field of thermal insulation and energy saving of building walls. It includes the main structure of the outer wall, ring beam picks, floor picks, thermal insulation materials, type I main blocks, type II main blocks, etc. On the outer side of the structural part, heat insulating material is placed inside the sintered block, and an air interlayer is left outside the insulating material in the block, and a protective layer is provided on the outer side. Externally attached masonry composite thermal insulation sintered blocks are composed of main blocks, corner matching blocks and hole matching blocks. Corner matching blocks and internal corner matching blocks. Its masonry method is simple and easy to construct, with fast construction speed, good wall integrity, wind resistance performance is better than traditional sandwich insulation, and the materials are produced in factories to reduce the complex operation procedures that are prone to quality problems on site.

Description

A thermal insulation system for externally attached masonry composite thermal insulation sintered block external walls

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of building wall heat preservation and energy saving, in particular to a building exterior wall heat preservation and energy saving system built with externally attached masonry type composite heat preservation and sintered blocks.

Background technique

With the development of social economy and life and the change of natural resource structure, the country and all walks of life have put forward higher and higher requirements for new building walls, such as heat insulation, compression resistance, tensile resistance, aging resistance, flame retardant and fire prevention, The pursuit of characteristics such as waterproof and anti-seepage, green environmental protection, and resource conservation represents the basic direction of its development. The research and development of new building wall materials and structures has become a hot topic for various construction departments.

At present, to meet the requirement of building energy saving of 65%, composite walls are increasingly becoming the mainstream of building walls. There are three main types of composite wall energy-saving technologies using thermal insulation materials in my country, external thermal insulation technology, internal thermal insulation technology and sandwich thermal insulation technology. In addition, the emerging self-insulation block as a single material insulation wall can also meet the requirements in some areas.

1. Exterior wall insulation technology. This technical system is relatively mature, and the country once promulgated standard specifications to promote it. After a large number of engineering practices, it was found that there were the following problems:

(1) Cracks on the surface of the exterior wall. Because the external insulation wall is constantly affected by changes in temperature, humidity, solar radiation and other climatic factors, cracks are prone to occur. In the past, some external thermal insulation walls that have been studied and used for construction have cracks on the wall soon after construction, and the longer the time, the more cracks and the wider the gaps.

(2) The decoration of the facing layer is limited. Due to the low strength of organic thermal insulation materials used in external thermal insulation walls, they cannot bear the heavy building exterior finishes, thus limiting the decorative effect of building facades.

(3) The life of the external insulation layer is not synchronized with the life of the main structure of the building. Since the external thermal insulation wall is in the atmospheric environment for a long time, the life span of its thermal insulation material is only 25 years, which is far lower than the average life span of 50 years of the house. Updating is another huge project. At the same time, as the performance of the insulation material declines, it is often accompanied by the phenomenon that the outer wall skin falls off.

(4) There are too many on-site operation links, and there are too many links prone to quality problems. The factors affecting the quality are: the flatness deviation link of the surface of the base layer; the dry humidity link of the base layer construction; the interface treatment link of the base layer surface; the quality link of the insulation board itself; the quality and performance requirements of the adhesive product used or the buried depth and quantity of the anchor link; bonded area link; grid cloth lap link; plastering thickness link; external wall finish layer performance link, etc.

(5) There are relatively large fire hazards at the construction site. Due to the complex environment of the construction site, various operations are carried out at the same time. When pasting insulation materials, a large number of benzene panels are piled up on the construction site, which is likely to cause fire accidents.

2. Insulation technology for exterior walls. This technology is a construction method that puts the thermal insulation system on the inner side of the outer wall to make the building achieve thermal insulation. Usually, prefabricated thermal insulation materials are used to paste, splice, plaster or directly apply thermal insulation mortar layer on the inner surface of the external wall to achieve the purpose of thermal insulation. The main problems of external wall insulation are as follows:

(1) The wall is prone to cracks. Due to day and night and seasonal changes, the outer wall expands and contracts under the influence of outdoor air temperature and solar radiation, while the inner wall insulation board is basically not affected by this. When the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, the outer wall shrinks faster than the inner insulation board; when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature, the outer wall expands faster than the inner insulation board. This repeated change keeps the inner insulation board in an unstable state all the time, which easily causes cracks to occur.

(2) Thermal bridge insulation is difficult to deal with, and condensation is prone to occur. Practice has proved that the internal insulation of the external wall is likely to cause cracks or "thermal bridges" in the following parts: the joints of the thermal insulation board used for the internal thermal insulation of the external wall, the bottom part of the parapet of the top floor building along the roof panel, and two different materials in the same external wall. The joints on the surface, the T-wall between the inner and outer walls, and the cantilevered component parts on the outer side of the outer wall, etc. The generation of thermal bridges leads to an increase in the average heat transfer coefficient of the external wall and a decrease in the thermal insulation capacity of the wall.

(3) Occupying the indoor usable area is not conducive to interior decoration. The insulation material is located on the inside of the wall, which not only causes the occupation of the usable area, but also brings problems such as the difficulty of nailing heavy objects. It is especially inconvenient when installing air conditioners, telephones and other decorations. For the construction of old houses, residents need to be relocated, which affects Normal life is not convenient for energy-saving renovation of existing buildings.

(4) It is not conducive to the protection of the outer protective structure of the building and shortens the life of the main structure.

3. Sandwich insulation wall. This technology is to divide the wall into load-bearing and protective parts, leave a certain gap in the middle, and fill it with inorganic loose or block insulation materials, etc., or not fill the material to make an air layer. Practice has proved that the main problems of sandwich insulation walls are:

(1) The construction is relatively complicated, because a lot of steel mesh and tie pieces need to be inserted during construction, resulting in a relatively complicated construction process.

(2) The seismic performance is weak. Since the wall is divided into inner and outer leaf walls, and the out-of-plane force (including wind and earthquake action) of the outer leaf wall is transmitted to the inner leaf wall by the tensioned steel mesh, the wind resistance and Seismic performance requires extra attention.

(3) The wall is prone to cracking. When the temperature of the sandwich insulation wall changes in the outdoor environment, the inner and outer leaf walls are easily cracked and damaged due to uncoordinated deformation.

(4) It is not conducive to the protection of the outer protective structure of the building and shortens the life of the main structure.

4. Recently, there are various self-insulating sintered blocks, most of which are derived from sintered blocks in Western Europe. In some areas of our country, self-insulating blocks can still meet the energy-saving requirements, but self-insulating blocks are only used in severe cold and cold regions , it is difficult to meet the energy saving requirements. In addition, the block system in Western Europe considers less building anti-seismic design, while more than 90% of the construction land in my country has anti-seismic fortification requirements. Therefore, for self-insulating sintered blocks, it is difficult to meet the mechanical performance requirements such as strength and earthquake resistance, and also meet the requirements of low thermal conductivity.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims to overcome the deficiency of the existing external wall thermal insulation technology, and provides an externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system. Externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered blocks are pasted on the outside of the main structure of the building's exterior wall, and the thermal insulation material is placed inside the sintered block, and an air interlayer is left outside the thermal insulation material in the block. There is a protective layer, which is not only convenient for the wall to drain moisture, keep the wall dry, but also conducive to building fire prevention. The thermal performance of the thermal insulation system meets the requirements of the current national energy-saving regulations.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, which is characterized in that: it is an externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block attached to the building On the outer side of the structural part of the outer wall, the thermal insulation material is placed inside the sintered block, and an air interlayer is left on the outer side of the thermal insulation material in the block, and a protective layer is provided on the outer side.

Externally attached masonry composite thermal insulation sintered blocks are composed of main blocks, corner matching blocks and hole matching blocks. Corner matching blocks and internal corner matching blocks.

The masonry method of type I main blocks is that the upper and lower skin blocks are hole-to-hole, rib-to-rib, staggered joints are overlapped, the insulation materials are aligned up and down, close to each other, and tightly squeezed, and "U"-shaped knots are used between the main blocks components to strengthen the connection.

Type II main blocks are arranged at the end to align the walls at the turning point of the yin and yang corner walls, and between the block insulation layer and the main wall of the structure, an anti-rust tie bar is set at a certain height vertically Mesh or tie pieces, the tie pieces are arranged in a quincunx shape.

The internal corner matching block and the male corner matching block use "U"-shaped connectors to strengthen the connection with the adjacent main blocks at the joints at the ends, and use pre-embedded tie-ties to strengthen the tie between the main wall structure and the earthquake resistance In the fortified area, between the vertical female and male corner blocks, respectively pass ф4 to ф5 full-length vertical steel bars in the holes, and the steel bars are bound and tied with the embedded parts in the main structure of the wall. Lay horizontal reinforcement mesh with the adjacent main block at intervals of a certain height to strengthen the tie between the external corner blocks or make full-length tie with the reinforcement mesh on the main wall.

When the size of the wall stacks on both sides of the door and window openings from the edge of the opening to the adjacent axis does not meet the modulus requirements, the opening matching blocks are used. The "U"-shaped connectors are used at the joints to strengthen the connection with the adjacent main blocks, and the pre-embedded tie-ties are used to strengthen the tie between the main structure of the wall. In the seismic fortification area, between the vertical opening blocks, The holes are pierced with ф4-ф5 long vertical steel bars, which are bound and tied with the embedded parts in the main structure of the wall. Between the hole matching block and the main block, horizontal steel mesh sheets are laid vertically at certain heights to strengthen the tie or to make full-length tie with the main wall steel mesh sheet.

At the ring beam of each floor of the building or at the level of the floor slab, set a 100mm-high cantilever, and paste insulation materials on the outside of the cantilever to achieve thermal insulation effect. In order to make the facade smooth, the length of the cantilever can be slightly shorter than the insulation block .

The thermal insulation blocks above the openings of the doors and windows of buildings can be cantilevered from the lintel or ring beam in the wall structure part with a 90mm high pick, and the thermal insulation blocks above the openings can be cut to a suitable height for construction according to the height. .

Advantage and effect of the present invention are:

1. The masonry construction method is simple and easy, and the construction speed is fast. For the masonry structure, the thermal insulation blocks and the wall structure are built at the same time. For reinforced concrete structures such as frames or shear walls, pre-embedded parts are reserved in appropriate positions for hanging construction according to design requirements.

2. The integrity of the wall is good, and the wind resistance performance is better than that of traditional sandwich insulation. For the masonry structure, the thermal insulation layer and the structural layer are built at the same time, and there is a reliable connection; for the frame or shear wall and other structural filling walls and thermal insulation blocks are built at the same time, to ensure that the thermal insulation block and the wall structure are reliably connected, and Transfer loads and horizontal forces to the main structure.

3. Reliable protection for thermal insulation materials, which is conducive to fire prevention, and the life span of thermal insulation materials is equal to that of the main body of the building. The thermal insulation material is built into the block, and there is still a thick protective layer on the outside, which is conducive to building fire prevention, and the protective layer protects the thermal insulation material from harsh environmental images and ensures the life of the thermal insulation material.

4. There are few restrictions on the exterior decoration of the building, and it can be used as a clear water finish or a more complex exterior finish. The thermal insulation block is firmly bonded to the wall structure, and the base layer bonded to the exterior surface is still the outer wall of the block to ensure the strength of the bonded base layer.

5. There is an air space layer on the outside of the thermal insulation material, which is convenient for the wall to dehumidify and prevents the decorative layer from being damaged due to the damp of the wall. The air interlayer on the outside of the thermal insulation material is connected to the upper and lower layers, which is conducive to the discharge of moisture and water that invades the wall, and prevents the performance of the wall from being affected by long-term damp.

6. Factory production of materials reduces complex operating procedures that are prone to quality problems on site. The material is produced industrially, and the finished thermal insulation block is a qualified product when it leaves the factory. There are only civil construction procedures on site, and there are few links that affect the thermal insulation performance of the external wall, which is convenient for quality control.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the axonometric view of type I main building block 5 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a 6-axis side view of the Type II main block of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an axial side view of male corner matching block 7 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is an axial side view of the female corner fitting block 8 of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an axial side view of the hole matching block 9 of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a block diagram of upper and lower skin blocks of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the tie between the block and the main structure and the tie between the blocks of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the ring beam or the frame beam of the present invention;

In the figure, 1 is the main structure of the outer wall, 2 is the ring beam opening, 3 is the floor opening, 4 is the thermal insulation material, 5 is the main block of type I, 6 is the main block of type II, 7 is the male corner matching block, 8 is the female corner matching block 9 It is the hole matching block 10 is the pre-embedded anchor 11 is the U-shaped anchor 12 is the masonry mortar 13 is the ring beam 19 is the outer finish layer.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The external wall thermal insulation system of the externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block is composed of the main block, the corner matching block and the hole matching block. Its main block type is divided into type I main block 5 and type II main block 6 . The corner matching block is divided into male corner matching block 7 and female corner matching block 8. Hole matching block 9 has only a kind of form, is used for wall body modulus coordination.

For the external wall insulation system of externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered blocks as mentioned above, the main block of type I is used as the main block during masonry. Regularly, the upper and lower skin blocks should be hole-to-hole, rib to rib, the insulation materials should be aligned up and down, close to each other, tightly squeezed, and the main wall should minimize the joints. Type II main blocks are arranged at the end to align the walls at the turning points of the yin and yang corner walls. Between the block insulation layer and the wall surface of the main body of the structure, masonry mortar 12 is used to bond each other, and a rust-proof tie reinforcement mesh or pre-embedded tie pieces 10 are arranged at regular intervals along the vertical direction. The anchors shall be arranged in a quincunx shape, and the horizontal spacing of the anchors shall comply with the local seismic fortification requirements.

In the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, the two adjacent external walls between the main blocks are respectively indented to a certain size to form a vertical insulation material insertion groove along the height direction. Insert the thermal insulation material 4 therein, and ensure that the thermal insulation material has a certain thickness, which is used to cut off the thermal bridge of the vertical mortar joint between the blocks. The vertical mortar joints are strengthened with "U"-shaped anchors 11. After two adjacent blocks of the same skin are built, the "U"-shaped anchors 11 are inserted into the gaps between the brick ribs and insulation boards on both sides. , to strengthen the connection.

The above-mentioned "U"-shaped tie piece 11, its reinforced connection method is suitable for the tie knots between all the same skin blocks in the system, and the arrangement position depends on the seismic fortification level.

For the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block, its outer facing layer 19 can be external wall plastering or pasting external wall bricks through a mortar layer.

In the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, the turning points of the internal and external corners of the walls are respectively connected with the main block by using the internal corner matching block 8 and the male corner matching block 7, and ensuring The insulation material completely covers the wall. The supporting blocks of the inner corner and the outer corner adopt a uniform cross-section form, and 11 "U"-shaped connections are used at the end joints to strengthen the connection with the adjacent main block. The pre-embedded tie 10 is used between the female and male corner fittings and the main wall structure to strengthen the tie. In the anti-seismic fortification area, between the vertical yin and yang corner blocks, ф4~ф5 full-length vertical steel bars are respectively inserted in the holes, and the steel bars are connected with the main structure of the wall (reinforced concrete columns, reinforced concrete structural columns, core columns or The embedded parts 10 in the load-bearing wall) are bound and pulled. The yin and yang corner blocks are laid with horizontal steel mesh sheets to strengthen the tie with the adjacent main blocks at intervals of a certain height, or to make a full-length tie with the steel mesh sheets on the main wall.

For the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, when the size of the wall stacks on both sides of the door and window openings from the edge of the opening to the adjacent axis does not meet the modulus requirements, use the opening matching blocks to coordinate the modulus Require. For example, if a 1800mm wide window opening is centered on the outer wall of a 3300mm bay or a 1500mm wide window opening is opened on the center of the outer wall of a 3000mm or 3600mm bay, there will be 150mm wide vacancies on both sides of the outer window opening. Blocks are connected to the main block.

The cross-section of the above-mentioned opening block adopts a unified form, and a "U"-shaped connector 11 is used at the joint to reinforce the connection with the adjacent main block. The pre-embedded tie 10 is used between the hole matching block and the main body structure of the wall to strengthen the tie. In the seismic fortification area, between the vertical opening blocks, the holes are pierced with ф4~ф5 full-length vertical steel bars, which are connected with the main structure of the wall (reinforced concrete structural column, reinforced concrete column, core column or load-bearing wall). The embedded parts 10 are tied with knots. Between the hole matching block and the main block, horizontal steel mesh sheets are laid vertically at certain heights to strengthen the tie or to make full-length tie with the main wall steel mesh sheet.

In the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, a 100mm-high pick 3 is set at 13 ring beams on each floor of the building or at the floor level to support the thermal insulation block , transferring its weight layered into the building's structural system. Paste thermal insulation material 4 on the outside of the pick to achieve thermal insulation effect. In order to make the facade smooth, the length of the overhang can be slightly shorter than that of the insulation block (combined with the thickness of the external insulation material).

In the above-mentioned externally attached masonry type composite thermal insulation sintered block external wall thermal insulation system, the thermal insulation block above the door and window opening of the building can be cantilevered 90mm high from the lintel or ring beam in the wall structure part. Pick mouth 2, in order to support. The insulation blocks above the opening can be cut to a suitable height for construction according to the height. The heat bridge position around the hole can be solved together by pasting the thermal insulation material 4 in combination with the installation of doors and windows and the decorative effect of the hole.

Claims (8)

1. outer a subsides built formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones; It comprises that exterior wall agent structure, collar tie beam choose mouthful, be that floor is chosen mouthful, is that heat insulating material, I type master building block, II type master building block, external corner join that piece, inner corner trim are joined piece, piece, pre-buried tension member, U-shaped tension member, masonry mortar, collar tie beam, exterior trim surface layer are joined in the hole; It is characterized in that: it is to build subsides outward by laying bricks or stones formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block to paste the outside of building in the outer wall structure of building part; Place sintered building block inner heat insulating material; And leave air space in the outside of building block inside thermal conservation material, its outside is provided with topping.

2. build formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones according to described a kind of outer subsides of claim l; It is characterized in that: the outer subsides built formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block by laying bricks or stones and joined piece and hole by main building block, corner and join piece and form; Be divided into master's building block of I type and II type master building block on the wherein main building block type, corner is joined piece and is divided into that external corner is joined piece and inner corner trim is joined piece.

3. build formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones according to described outer subsides of claim l; It is characterized in that: the building method of I type master building block be go up hypodermis building block hole to hole, rib to rib; Fissure of displacement overlap joint; The heat insulating material consistency from top to bottom, be close to, squeeze tight, use " U " shape tension member to strengthen connecting between the main building block.

4. build formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones according to described outer subsides of claim l; It is characterized in that: be equipped with II type master building block in the end; With the metope of making uniform in metope turning point, negative and positive angle; Between block insulation layer and main structure body metope, along vertical every at a distance from certain altitude setting antirust steel tie net sheet or tension member together, tension member plum blossom shape is arranged.

5. outer subsides the according to claim 2 built formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones; It is characterized in that: its inner corner trim is joined piece and external corner and is joined piece the straight joint place uses " U " shape connector to be connected with adjacent main building block enhancing in the end; And use pre-buried tension member to strengthen drawknot between the body of wall agent structure; Join between the piece at vertical yin, yang angle in the district that provides fortification against earthquakes, and in its hole, wears ф 4～ф 5 elongated vertical reinforcements respectively; Built-in fitting colligation drawknot in reinforcing bar and the body of wall agent structure, inner corner trim are joined piece and external corner and are joined that piece is every to be adjacent main building block at a distance from certain altitude and to lay horizontal mesh reinforcement sheet reinforcement drawknot or do elongated drawknot with main wall face reinforced mesh.

6. build formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones according to described outer subsides of claim l; It is characterized in that: when door and window hole both sides pier does not meet the modulus requirement from edge, hole to adjacent shaft linear dimension; Use the hole to join piece, its straight joint place uses " U " shape connector and adjacent main building block to reinforce the connection, and uses pre-buried tension member to strengthen drawknot between the body of wall agent structure; The district provides fortification against earthquakes; Join between the piece at vertical hole, wear ф 4～ф 5 elongated vertical reinforcements in its hole, with the built-in fitting colligation drawknot in the body of wall agent structure; Join between piece and the main building block at the hole, vertical every separated certain altitude is laid the horizontal mesh reinforcement sheet and is strengthened drawknot or do elongated drawknot with main wall face reinforced mesh.

7. build formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones according to described outer subsides of claim l; It is characterized in that: at every layer of collar tie beam place of building or floor absolute altitude place; Setting choose 100mm high choose mouth; Choose a mouthful outside paste heat-preserving material and reach heat insulation effect, smooth for making facade, choosing mouthful length of growing can be short slightly than insulation blocks.

8. outer subsides the according to claim 6 built formula complex heat-preservation sintered building block outer wall heat preservation system by laying bricks or stones; It is characterized in that: the insulation blocks above the building window hole; Lintel that can be in wall body structure part or collar tie beam outwards encorbelment 90mm high choose mouth, the insulation blocks of top, hole can be cut to the proper height construction according to the height situation.

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