CN102499424B - Tobacco leaf baking method - Google Patents
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- CN102499424B CN102499424B CN201110319928.2A CN201110319928A CN102499424B CN 102499424 B CN102499424 B CN 102499424B CN 201110319928 A CN201110319928 A CN 201110319928A CN 102499424 B CN102499424 B CN 102499424B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco leaf baking method, which comprises the following steps of: raising the dry ball temperature to 35+/-1 DEG C, and maintaining the wet ball temperature at 33 to 34 DEG C until the tobacco leaf tops become yellow; raising the dry ball temperature to 38 to 40 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C in 2+/-0.5 hours, prolonging the time after the temperature is stable, and controlling the wet ball temperature at 34 to 36 DEG C until the bottom layer tobacco leaves approach to or reach the state that yellow leaves account for 80 percent, green ribs become slightly yellow, and simultaneously, the leaves become soft; raising the dry ball temperature to 40 to 43 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C in 1+/-0.5 hour, and maintaining the wet ball temperature being 36 to 37 DEG C so that all tobacco leaves at the bottom and partial tobacco leaves at the second layer become yellow and soft and are collapsed; raising the dry ball temperature to 54+/-1 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C per hour, and simultaneously, gradually raising the wet ball temperature and stabilizing the wet ball temperature at 36 to 40 DEG C; raising the dry ball temperature to 68+/-1 DEG C at a speed being 1+/-0.5 DEG C per hour, stabilizing the temperature at the highest temperature not exceeding 70 DEG C until the tobacco leaves are completely dried; and simultaneously, stabilizing the wet bal temperature at 40 to 43 DEG C until the baking is completed. Through optimizing the tobacco leaf baking temperature control scheme, the tobacco baking quality can be improved, and the tobacco leaf baking cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flue-cured tobacco technical field, particularly a kind of tobacco flue-curing method that adopts bakery.
Background technology
Tobacco flue-curing mainly comprises the modes such as abode house baking, syllogic baking and horizontal dense roasting room, and wherein syllogic baking disperses planting patterns to be used widely because adapting to China single household on a small scale.Syllogic baking refers to change and inner organic connections according to tobacco leaf external appearance characteristic, tobacco flue-curing overall process is divided into tobacco leaf apparent condition and corresponding stage of temperature requirement, i.e. yellowing stage, fixation stage and dry muscle stage.
Syllogic baking method is simple to operate, but comparatively random to the humiture of barn in practice, directly has influence on thus the baking properties of flue-cured tobacco.The patent of invention of the patent No. " ZL02110188.4 " discloses a kind of " tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves ", traditional syllogic baking process is improved, but still there is defect: on the one hand, rise warming law and still dislike not enough, affected tobacco flue-curing quality; On the other hand, baking time is longer, consumes energy relatively large, is unfavorable for reducing costs.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tobacco flue-curing method, can improve tobacco flue-curing quality, reduce baking cost.
For solving above technical problem, tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention, comprises yellowing stage, fixation stage and dry muscle stage successively,
Described yellowing stage is controlled temperature in barn according to following step:
Dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
By dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, control 34～36 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until bottom tobacco leaf approaches or reaches 80% pornographic movie blue veins on a small quantity containing yellow, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
By dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make the whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The described fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
By dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, 50 ℃ of dry-bulb temperatures made tobacco leaf reach the little reel of the yellow muscle of pornographic movie in the past; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature progressively increase and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The described dry muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With the speed of 1 ± 0.5 ℃ per hour, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, surely temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, until tobacco leaf bone dry; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, until baking finishes.
More preferably, in described yellowing stage, at wet-bulb temperature, during lower than default minimum temperature, to barn, add water and mend wet; At wet-bulb temperature, during higher than default maximum temperature, open barn skylight hydrofuge.
More preferably, in described yellowing stage, as tobacco leaf yellowing degree does not reach default flavescence standard, insulation, moisturizing time expand, make tobacco leaf complete flavescence; As tobacco leaf water is dry, do not reach default dry standard, skylight, the hole in the ground of opening drying room, strengthen to make a fire simultaneously and carry out hydrofuge, keeps wet, temperature stabilization in drying room.
More preferably, described fixation is in the stage, if tobacco leaf dehydrating speed or cigarette muscle flavescence speed are lower than preset standard, and when dry-bulb temperature is 45～50 ℃, steady temperature time expand, make cigarette muscle realize flavescence, part tobacco leaf reaches little reel; Then, with 1～2 hour 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is to tobacco leaf bone dry.
More preferably, described dry muscle, in the stage, reaches after 60 ± 1 ℃ in dry-bulb temperature, keeps wet-bulb temperature to be no more than under 43 ℃ of prerequisites, turns down gradually hole in the ground, the skylight of drying room.
More preferably, comprise the dress cigarette operation before baking, wherein keep pole apart from being spaced apart 15～25mm.
More preferably, before described dress cigarette operation, be provided with and compile cigarette operation, wherein by the long cigarette pole of 1～2m, compile 90～120 of cigarettes.
More preferably, before described volume cigarette operation, be provided with and gather in operation, wherein each every strain is plucked 2～3, and last upper leaf is disposable gathers.
More preferably, comprising the moisture regain operation after baking, is one of natural moisture regain, cellar moisture regain or the moisture regain of damp room.
More preferably, after described moisture regain operation, be provided with stacking operation, wherein cigarette is cut and is highly no more than 1.5mm.
Compared with prior art, tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention, by controlling preferably barn temperature, can make tobacco leaf keep good outward appearance and fragrance, greatly improves thus tobacco flue-curing quality; Meanwhile, can make baking time shorten about 3 hours, be conducive to fuel saving, thereby reduce the cost of material of baking.This baking process is very easy, is easy to be grasped by tobacco grower, has good application prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a whole set of process chart of tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of roasting procedure in Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
The core of tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention is the temperature of barn to regulate, and by optimizing barn warming law, improves preferably tobacco flue-curing quality, improves tobacco flue-curing cost.Lower mask body is described.
For ease of understanding the present invention, first Conceptions is made an explanation.
One, syllogic roasting plant
Syllogic baking mainly comprise the necessarieses such as traditional flue-curing barn and wet-and-dry-bulb thermometer, wherein:
Traditional flue-curing barn is the special equipment of baking processing tobacco leaf in cured tobacco production, comprises natural ventilation airflow ascending manner barn, the natural ventilation airflow down type roasting room of various construction materials and structure, thermal source and heating form, air intake hole and skylight form, the hot air circulating baking chamber that has Aided Machine to ventilate.
Property of baking chamber requires: (1) suitable size, self-contained, make a fire, ventilation dewetting, barn humiture tobacco leaf change observe etc. easy to operate; (2) heat up sensitively, temperature control is stable, heat and moisture preserving, and plane humiture is even; (3) hydrofuge is smooth and easy, and regulation and control flexibly; (4) sturdy and durable, fuel saving.
Wet and dry bulb temperature is counted the test instrumentation of tobacco flue-curing indispensability, by two identical temperature, taking into account dial plate forms, unit is degree Celsius: wherein on the temperature feeling ball in the right, be surrounded by clean absorbent gauze, gauze lower end is immersed and is filled in the special water pipe of water, temperature feeling ball is apart from 1～1.5cm directly over the water surface, and this temperature is counted wet-bulb thermometer; What one, left side temperature feeling ball did not wrap gauze is dry bulb thermometer.By wet-and-dry-bulb thermometer, can obtain following parameter:
1, dry-bulb temperature---the temperature value that dry bulb thermometer is shown, unit is degree Celsius, with ℃ representing.Represent the temperature of air in barn;
2, wet-bulb temperature---shown temperature value on wet-bulb thermometer, unit is degree Celsius, with ℃ representing;
3, dry wet poor---the difference of dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature, unit is degree Celsius, with ℃ representing.The relative humidity height of air in reflection barn.
Two, harvest maturity
Maturity and state that while referring to pluck, tobacco leaf grows and inherent Substance Transformation reaches.Conventionally divide five class:
1, undercure---tobacco leaf, still in growth and development stage, does not possess or possesses less mature characteristic.After roasting, often there is the green grass or young crops that contains in various degree.
2, still ripe---tobacco leaf has completed growth conversion process substantially, and part possesses more identifiable mature characteristic, and cured tobacco leaf quality is better.
3, maturation---tobacco leaf grows and dry transforms suitably, possesses obvious legible mature characteristic.Quality is good.Tobacco leaf grows and surpasses ripe requirement, the conversion consumption that dry is too much.After roasting, decline.
4, false ripe---refer to due to various factors (malnutritive, illumination is not enough or weather severe drought or waterlogging stain etc.) impact, tobacco leaf is grown in really do not reach before ripe just to show apparent Huang.
5, complete ripeness---refer to nutritional sufficiency, well-developed upper leaf reach further carry out after ripe in Substance Transformations all, blade face has more " senile plaque expelling ", follows the patches such as rust simultaneously, it is roasting that inherent matter is fine afterwards.
Three, tobacco leaf changes
The yellowing degree that refers to tobacco leaf in baking process changes with corresponding dry-form.Generally with barn bottom tobacco leaf, be changed to master, take into account two layers and other each layers.
1, yellowing degree---the degree of tobacco leaf flavescence, represents with " a little one-tenth is yellow " conventionally, divides one, two, three into ... eight, nine, hundred per cent is yellow; The micro-band of pornographic movie blue veins leaf base green grass or young crops is ninety percent Huang, or claims that basic full Huang, hundred per cent Huang are the yellow muscle of pornographic movie.
The minimizing of 2, degree of drying---tobacco leaf water content is reflected in apparent drying regime.Be usually expressed as blade, master pulse deliquescing, hooks sharp crimping, little reel, parent roll, dry muscle.
Four, tobacco leaf mature characteristic
The essential characteristic of Mature Tobacco Leaves is easy harvesting, and clear during harvesting, section is neat, is not with stem skin.
1, bottom leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is green, the yellow expression that slightly falls, and fine hair partly comes off, and master pulse base portion turns white, leaf age 50～60 days.
2, middle leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is green-yellow, the blade face Huang that more than 2/3 falls, and master pulse turns white, and offshoot l drawer turns white, and it is yellow that blade tip, leaf margin are, and has yellow ripe spot during blade face, and cauline leaf angle increases, leaf age 60～70 days.
3, upper leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is yellow, blade face fully fall Huang, send out wrinkle, ripe spot is obvious, has withertip, burnt limit to occur, cauline leaf angle obviously increases, leaf age 70～90 days.
In order to make those skilled in the art understand better technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, a whole set of process chart for this name tobacco flue-curing method, comprise by the operation S101 that gathers, to compile above three of cigarette operation S102, dress cigarette operation S103(be operation before baking), roasting procedure S104, moisture regain operation S105, to stack above two of operation S106(be operation after baking) etc., below be introduced respectively.
S101, the operation of gathering
1, gather principle and method.Long neat, ripe consistent vega, each every strain is adopted 2～3, and last 4～4 upper leafs etc. fully maturation are once gathered.According to bottom cigarette, receive in good time early, ripe steady receipts of middle part cigarette, the abundant maturation of upper leaf is gathered and the principle of " how ripe adopting, few ripely adopt less are not yet donely adopted more ", accomplishes that life do not adopt, and does not ripely lose.Vega 5 left and right of number of times of gathering.Ripe for correct identification tobacco leaf, gather and should in the morning or carry out the morning.Weather arid should be adopted dew cigarette.After tobacco leaf maturation, meeting short time rainfall will gather immediately after stopping rain, and long-time rainfall still adheres to that maturation gathers.
2, the Noticed Problems of gathering.
The quantity of gathering will match with barn capacity.The personnel of gathering will seek unity of standard, and accomplish the same kind of at every turn gathering, same position, the tobacco leaf of same maturity.While gathering, avoid extruding, friction, Exposure to Sunlight, do not damage and confuse the stacking time level of tobacco leaf, place frescade.Stack height 30cm left and right, avoided blanching wound.
S102, volume cigarette operation
Fresh cigarette classification, compiles respectively cigarette, with pole homogeneity.
Reasonable quantity, uniformity.Every pole is compiled cigarette quantity and should be grasped flexibly according to tobacco leaf position, size, water content etc., and the long cigarette pole of general 1.5m is compiled 90～120 of cigarettes.Undercure cigarette, still ripe cigarette, ripe cigarette, overdone cigarette, false ripe cigarette will be compiled respectively cigarette.The tobacco leaf that bottom leaf and water content are large should suitably be compiled rarer, and the tobacco leaf that upper leaf and water content are little should suitably be compiled closeer.And want 2 a branch of, phyllopodium alignment, blade back leans on mutually, compile buckle solid, distance between clusters uniformity.The empty pole of 10cm is respectively stayed at cigarette pole two ends.
After compiling cigarette, carry out in the shade, avoid tobacco leaf to be infected with earth, compiled pole tobacco leaf and should be placed on frescade, avoid Exposure to Sunlight, prevent from damaging tobacco leaf.
S103, dress cigarette operation
Classification dress cigarette.Same barn should fill kind, management, position, the consistent tobacco leaf of collecting time are asked in field.In classification, compile on the basis of cigarette, the tobacco leaf that maturity is slightly poor is contained in upper strata, and Mature Tobacco Leaves is contained in intermediate layer, and overdone leaf or sick leaf are contained in the place that near-bottom temperature is high, and observation window fills the representational tobacco leaf of hanger around, to grasp baking process.
Even density.Dress during cigarette levels pole consistent apart from being, conventionally keep pole apart from being 20cm left and right, when water content is many or it is rare suitably to fill when overcast and rainy, when water content is few or weather is arid, suitably fill close.
Gathered the same day and compiled the tobacco leaf of pole, fill cigarette igniting baking the same day.
S104, roasting procedure
When operation baking, psychrometer hung over canopy at the bottom of barn, and the application of dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature is all as the criterion with end canopy.
1, baking principle
According to fresh cigarette quality and in the variation of bake process, the employing control measures such as heat supply and ventilation dewetting of making a fire, corresponding temperature, humidity and duration etc. are provided, promoting tobacco leaf that abundant and perfect Physiology and biochemistry occurs changes, make tobacco leaf flavescence and desiccation harmonious, finally realize tobacco leaf scalding, dry, bake perfume.
2, baking principle
(1) four sees that four is fixed---see fresh tobacco leaf quality, determine baking technology; See that tobacco leaf changes, fixed needed wet and dry bulb temperature; See in the bulb temperature size of just surely making a fire; See that wet-bulb temperature is just determined exhausting window and the wide open degree of air intake is big or small.
(2) four is tight four flexible---and baking technology application adapts and wants tight with fresh tobacco leaf quality, and concrete grasp wanted flexibly; Wet and dry bulb temperature and tobacco leaf change to adapt wants tight, and each stage is held time length will be flexibly; Guarantee that dry-bulb temperature is tight in prescribed limit, the size of making a fire is wanted flexibly; Wet-bulb temperature is suitable and stable tight, and exhaust cosmos, the wide open degree of air intake are wanted flexibly.
Referring to Fig. 2, represent concrete roasting procedure step, comprise successively yellowing stage, fixation stage and dry muscle stage, below other each stage is described.
Described yellowing stage is controlled temperature in barn according to following step:
S201, dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
S202, by dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, control 34～36 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until bottom tobacco leaf approaches or reaches 80% pornographic movie blue veins on a small quantity containing yellow, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
S203, by dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make the whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The described fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
S204, by dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature progressively increase and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The described dry muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
S205, with the speed of 1 ± 0.5 ℃ per hour, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, until tobacco leaf bone dry; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, until baking finishes.
In the program of baking shown in Fig. 2, relevant temperature parameter is deviation slightly necessarily, is below more preferably selecting for different tobacco leaves.
(1) normal tobacco flue-curing
1, yellowing stage
Tobacco leaf variation requires---and bottom cigarette yellowing degree reaches eighty per cant Huang; In, upper tobacco leaf yellowing degree nine is yellow to hundred per cent, and blade is wilting falls down, and master pulse deliquescing, hooks sharp crimping.
Dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature are controlled---after dress cigarette, close a day cosmos, hole in the ground and door and window tight, burn little fire barn temperature is brought up to 35 ℃ of left and right, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, through some hours, make after blade tip flavescence, by dry-bulb temperature with every 2 hours l ℃ rise to 38 ℃, steady warm time expand, control 34～36 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make tobacco leaf that flavescence occur in a large number, reach bottom tobacco leaf and have 80% left and right pornographic movie blue veins on a small quantity containing blue or green, be that cigarette muscle and cigarette muscle both sides are cyan, the micro-band cyan of part leaf base, all the other are yellow.Blade feel like jelly (fluid loss 20% left and right) simultaneously.Be warmed up to again afterwards 40～42 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make the whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing fall down (fluid loss 35% left and right).
Should be noted item---should prevent that tobacco leaf generation cirrhosis is yellow, also will prevent that flavescence is inhomogeneous or flavescence is inadequate.When wet-bulb temperature is too low, can add water to barn and mend wetly, wet-bulb temperature is wanted timely opened skylight hydrofuge when requiring standard.At 42 ℃, must reach tobacco leaf not only flavescence but also deliquescing, Neither of the two can be dispensed.If tobacco leaf flavescence is inadequate, heat and moisture preserving to elongate the time, make tobacco leaf complete flavescence; If tobacco leaf formula water is not dry, open hole in the ground, large skylight, strengthening makes a fire carries out hydrofuge, and humiture must not rise or decline.
2, the fixation stage
Tobacco leaf changes to be controlled---and 50 ℃ made the abundant flavescence of tobacco leaf at the middle and upper levels send out deliquescing in the past, reached the yellow muscle of pornographic movie, and 54 ℃ of steady temperature are to the large coil of tobacco leaf.
Dry-bulb temperature is controlled---dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours l ℃ rise to 54 ℃.If tobacco leaf dehydration is slow or the flavescence of cigarette muscle is slow, must make cigarette muscle realize flavescence 45～48 ℃ of steady warm time expands, part tobacco leaf reaches little reel.And then being warming up to 54～55 ℃ with 1～2 hour speed of 1 ℃, steady temperature completes dry to blade.
Wet-bulb temperature is controlled---and with dry-bulb temperature, rise, wet-bulb temperature progressively rises and is stabilized in 37～40 ℃.
Should be noted item---make a fire and want steady middle increasing, intensification is accurate, and hydrofuge will be in conjunction with making a fire initiatively in time.Hole in the ground, skylight is opened and will be adjusted flexibly according to wet-bulb temperature height, will open hole in the ground, large skylight and burn big fire during large hydrofuge, and float will close scuttle hole in the ground when wet and burn little fire.Whole fixation process will be guarded against and makes a fire suddenly big or suddenly smallly, and the violent liter of temperature falls suddenly, prevents that wet-bulb temperature from surpassing 40 ℃ or fluctuated.Be that bulb temperature reaches 50 ℃ and must make in the past tobacco leaf reach the little reel of the yellow muscle of pornographic movie.
3, the dry muscle stage
Tobacco leaf changes requirement---and all tobacco leaf master pulses are fully dry.
Dry-bulb temperature is controlled---and with the speed of 1 ℃ per hour, by 55 ℃, be warmed up to 68 ℃, surely temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, until tobacco leaf bone dry.
Wet-bulb temperature is controlled---and wet-bulb temperature is stabilized in 40～43 ℃ to baking end.
Points for attention---dry-bulb temperature reaches after 60 ℃, is no more than 43 ℃ is as the criterion with wet-bulb temperature, turns down gradually hole in the ground, skylight.
(2) the many tobacco flue-curing of water content
The tobacco leaf that water content is many is that lower of maturity period rainwater situation on the high side forms.Baking yellowing stage canopy tobacco leaf at the bottom of 38～40 ℃ becomes fifty percent Huang, blade deliquescing, and 42～43 ℃ become eighty per cant yellow left and right, master pulse deliquescing.During this time will be in conjunction with hydrofuge.The fixation stage heats up soon than normal tobacco leaf, and fast hydrofuge, makes the whole flavescence of tobacco leaf in room at 45～48 ℃, and 50 ℃ reach little reel, and 54～55 ℃ of steady temperature are to parent roll.Between fixation stage, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 36～38 ℃.
(3) the few tobacco flue-curing of water content
Formed under the tobacco leaf system growth that water content is few and maturity period weather arid situation.Baking yellowing stage stable makes end canopy tobacco leaf blade tip flavescence at 34～36 ℃, is raised to afterwards 38～40 ℃ and makes tobacco leaf flavescence to 9～10 one-tenths, and master pulse feels like jelly, tight moisturizing even in barn, add water mend wet, maintenance wet-bulb depression l～2 ℃.The fixation stage heats up slowly than normal tobacco leaf, slow hydrofuge, and the whole flavescence of tobacco leaf in chien shih room when elongating for 47～49 ℃, 50 ℃ reach little reel, and 54～55 ℃ of steady temperature are to parent roll.Between fixation stage, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 38～40 ℃.
S105, moisture regain operation
1, moisture regain principle
According to tobacco leaf, belong to many micropores of colloid capillary material, there is very strong hygroscopic feature, give and to dry rear extremely breakable tobacco leaf and create conditions that its moisture absorption is difficult for is broken, be convenient to separate cigarette, stacking and classification binding operation later.
2, moisture regain method
Specifically comprise following methods:
(1) moisture regain naturally---by dusk, to higher relative humidity in morning external environment, open barn skylight, hole in the ground, door, make tobacco leaf absorb water in air gas, or tobacco leaf is gone out to room be positioned over ground and make its moisture regain.
(2) cellar moisture regain---will dry rear tobacco leaf and go out room and be placed in cellar (basement), utilize the large feature of relative humidity cellar in, tobacco leaf water suction is got damp again.Cellar moisture regain needs relative humidity and tobacco leaf conditioning degree in running check cellar for storing things, prevents that moisture regain excessively.
(3) damp room moisture regain---the function building equipment of tobacco leaf conditioning, require airtight, heat and moisture preserving.Tobacco leaf goes out behind room to be hung in damp room and to get damp again, and must keep higher temperature and relative humidity in room, and tobacco leaf is absorbed water, and will sprinkle water earthward if desired.
S106, stacking operation
1, stack principle
Junior tobacco leaf, under suitable water content (14%～15%) condition, is stacked a period of time, through initial fermentation and ageing, and tobacco leaf outward appearance and intrinsic chemical composition generation respective change, quality improves and improves, and more adapts to industry needs.
2, stack requirement
(1) stacking place will be dried, and is not subject to direct sunlight, away from chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc., has smell substance.
(2) with cigarette buttress form, stack.Cigarette height of embankment degree 1.5m, cigarette buttress length and width are determined as required, are highly no more than 1.5m.Damp-proof layer will be set up in Yan Duo bottom.
(3) the tobacco leaf pile up separately of different parts, different quality.During stacking, inwards, phyllopodium is outside for blade tip, stacks neatly, and wet muscle or humidity strip tobacco leaf must be rejected individually.After heap is good, with cloth such as plastic sheeting, burlaps, cover tightly, and cover shade, prevent that tobacco leaf from fading.
(4) make regular check on, prevent excess Temperature, the excessive tobacco leaf that causes of humidity is mildew and rot rotten.
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be considered as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a tobacco flue-curing method, comprises yellowing stage, fixation stage and dry muscle stage successively, it is characterized in that,
Described yellowing stage is controlled temperature in barn according to following step:
Dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
By dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, control 34～36 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until bottom tobacco leaf approaches or reaches 80% pornographic movie blue veins on a small quantity containing yellow, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
By dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make the whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The described fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
By dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, 50 ℃ of dry-bulb temperatures made tobacco leaf reach the little reel of the yellow muscle of pornographic movie in the past; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature progressively increase and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The described dry muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With the speed of 1 ± 0.5 ℃ per hour, dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, surely temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, until tobacco leaf bone dry; Meanwhile, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, until baking finishes.
2. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described yellowing stage, at wet-bulb temperature, during lower than default minimum temperature, adds water mend wet to barn; At wet-bulb temperature, during higher than default maximum temperature, open barn skylight hydrofuge.
3. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described yellowing stage, as tobacco leaf yellowing degree does not reach default flavescence standard, insulation, moisturizing time expand, makes tobacco leaf complete flavescence; As tobacco leaf water is dry, do not reach default dry standard, skylight, the hole in the ground of opening drying room, strengthen to make a fire simultaneously and carry out hydrofuge, keeps wet, temperature stabilization in drying room.
4. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described fixation is in the stage, if tobacco leaf dehydrating speed or cigarette muscle flavescence speed are lower than preset standard, when dry-bulb temperature is 45～50 ℃, steady temperature time expand, make cigarette muscle realize flavescence, part tobacco leaf reaches little reel; Then, with 1～2 hour 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is to tobacco leaf bone dry.
5. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described dry muscle, in the stage, reaches after 60 ± 1 ℃ at dry-bulb temperature, keeps wet-bulb temperature to be no more than under 43 ℃ of prerequisites, turns down gradually hole in the ground, the skylight of drying room.
6. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the dress cigarette operation before baking, wherein keeps pole apart from being spaced apart 15～25mm.
7. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, is provided with and compiles cigarette operation before described dress cigarette operation, wherein by the long cigarette pole of 1～2m, compiles 90～120 of cigarettes.
8. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, before described volume cigarette operation, is provided with and gathers in operation, and wherein each every strain is plucked 2～3, and last upper leaf is disposable gathers.
9. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the moisture regain operation after baking, is one of natural moisture regain, cellar moisture regain or the moisture regain of damp room.
10. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that, after described moisture regain operation, is provided with stacking operation, and wherein cigarette is cut and is highly no more than 1.5mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110319928.2A CN102499424B (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
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Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102894461B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Baking method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN102920001B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-01-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco different-maturity-level tobacco leaf same-furnace modulation technology |
| CN103380947B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-07-22 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Concoction technology for improving quality of fresh scent tobacco |
| CN103519333B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-03-16 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of barn tobacco loading method |
| CN103653226A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 云南一通太阳能科技有限公司 | Tobacco leaf curing method |
| CN103798944B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-11-25 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of dense drying method improving Pigment degradation degree |
| CN103919265A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 遵义市烟草公司余庆县分公司 | Flue-cured tobacco covering kang baking method |
| CN104000303B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2016-02-03 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | cigar tobacco heap fermentation method |
| CN104489891B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of baking method reducing KRK26 upper tobacco leaf dust |
| CN104432459B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-02-01 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN105495672A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN106235371B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-06-01 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓县分公司 | Bulk curing barn dissipates the persistently overheating roasting fragrant roasting soft baking method of leaf accumulation dress cigarette |
| CN107373743A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of junior tobacco leaf conditioning device and moisture regain method |
| CN107637855B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2020-02-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco primary curing method for effectively improving processability of tobacco industrial re-curing link |
| CN110638081A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency baking method for improving appearance quality of K326 tobacco leaves |
| RU2736290C1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-11-13 | Акционерное общество «Погарская сигаретно-сигарная фабрика» | Method for preparing a smoking composition without tobacco alkaloids |
| CN113812659B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-01-20 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving baking quality of middle tobacco leaves of K326 varieties |
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