CN103653226A - Tobacco leaf curing method - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf curing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103653226A CN103653226A CN201310738031.2A CN201310738031A CN103653226A CN 103653226 A CN103653226 A CN 103653226A CN 201310738031 A CN201310738031 A CN 201310738031A CN 103653226 A CN103653226 A CN 103653226A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco leaf curing method. The method includes the first process of humidifying and yellowing tobacco leaves at low temperature, wherein the tobacco leaves can become yellow after the stage, the second process of temperature stabilizing, moisture removing and baking, wherein tobacco ribs can become yellow after the stage, the third process of dehydrating to dry the tobacco leaves through ventilation, wherein the purpose is to dry the tobacco leaves, the fourth process of temperature controlling, humidity controlling and rib drying, wherein the tobacco ribs are dried through waste heat, and the tobacco leaves are covered tightly to be colored with red. The tobacco leaf curing technology introduced above is simple and clear in content, scientific and practical, and will play a positive role in reducing the content of starch, total sugar and protein in Yunnan tobacco leaves, improving the quality of the tobacco leaves and promoting tobacco leaf fragrance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco flue-curing method technical field, relate to a kind of tobacco flue-curing method.
Background technology
Tobacco flue-curing is a complicated physiological and biochemical procedure accompanying with physical change.Wherein physical change refers to that moisture in tobacco leaf is constantly vaporized and discharges tissue, makes tobacco leaf dry gradually; It is the most basic, most important variation that Physiology and biochemistry changes, and be extremely complicated, it comprises that fresh tobacco tissue cell is under the effect of respiratory enzymes, hydrolase, oxidation, reduction enzyme etc., the overall process that makes tobacco leaf internal substance decompose, transform and consume.Baking principle is exactly to study the basic law of this process, thereby formulates artificial adjustment measure, makes the various variations of tobacco leaf towards the future development that is conducive to most industrial applicability, reach bake, scalding, roasting fragrant.Current tobacco flue-curing method is conventional syllogic baking, and bake process is yellowing stage, fixation stage and dry muscle stage.But it is not obvious that traditional bake process improves the content of the starch in reduction tobacco leaf, total reducing sugar etc., can not effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaf.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is providing a kind of tobacco flue-curing method, has solved the problem that existing Tobacco Leaf Curing can not effectively reduce the content of Starch in Tobacco, total reducing sugar and protein.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to carry out according to following steps: first step tobacco leaf low temperature damping flavescence process: tobacco leaf is positioned over to flue-cured tobacco indoor, flue-cured tobacco indoor exhaust window opens 1/4～1/5, 0.5～1.0cm is opened in air intake hole, 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach 32～33 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reaches 30～31 ℃, when relative humidity reaches 80%～85%, 1 ℃/2h of now dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach 35～37 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reaches 33～34 ℃, relative humidity reaches 79%～85% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is continued to baking 48～60 hours, make tobacco leaf flavescence, the steady temperature hydrofuge of second step is baked process: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake wide open 1/5～1/4,1 ℃/2h of dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach that 42～44 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reach 35～36 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at below 67% and remain on this condition toasts 24～36 hours tobacco leaf, make the flavescence of cigarette muscle, the 3rd step ventilation dehydration cured leaf process: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open more than 3/4,1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach 51～53 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reach 37～38 ℃, relative humidity and reach 37%～35% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 24～36 hours, make drying tobacco, the 4th step temperature control, the wet dry muscle process of control: 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, and when dry-bulb temperature is less than 62 ℃, exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake wide open 1/2, when dry-bulb temperature is more than or equal to 62 ℃, exhausting window opens 1/2～1/3, air intake wide open 1/3～1/4, when dry-bulb temperature reaches 66～68 ℃, wet-bulb temperature, reach 39～40 ℃, relative humidity keep with this understanding 24～48 hours while reaching 15%～14% after and cease fire, close air intake hole, exhausting window opens 1/3, and the indoor residue moisture of flue-cured tobacco is vexed red tobacco leaf, completes whole flue-cured tobacco process.In the first step, the degree of tobacco leaf flavescence is lower tobacco leaf yellowing degree 80%～85%; Middle part tobacco leaf flavescence 90%～95%; Upper tobacco leaf yellowing degree 95%～100%.In second step, relative humidity is controlled at 59%～56%.In the 3rd step, the degree of drying tobacco is that top platform tobacco leaf is dry more than 2/3, and only near mesophyll leaf base and master pulse is also soft; Base frame tobacco leaf bone dry.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and reduce Yunnan tobacco starch, total reducing sugar and protein content, improve quality of tobacco.
The specific embodiment
The present invention implements according to following steps, first carries out the damping flavescence process of tobacco leaf, before igniting, the indoor all exhausting windows of flue-cured tobacco is opened to 1/4～1/5, and all air intakes hole is crack, and opening is opened 0.5～1.0cm conventionally.After making a fire, with the average 1 ℃/h of dry bulb, be the programming rate of 1 degree Celsius per hour, base frame dry-bulb temperature is raised to 32～33 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reaches 30～31 ℃, relative humidity 80%～85%.Since 32～33 ℃, with the programming rate of average 1 ℃/2h, base frame dry-bulb temperature is raised to 35～37 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reaches 33～34 ℃, relative humidity 79%～85%.Be stabilized under this temperature and humidity conditions, make barn base frame tobacco leaf reach blue veins pornographic movie.This one-phase, keep the vitality of tobacco leaf cell, strengthens the activity of enzyme, time expand, promote tobacco leaf internal substance decomposition and inversion, and make tobacco leaf become yellow.Bake base frame: the basic flavescence of lower tobacco leaf, yellowing degree 80%～85%; Middle part tobacco leaf flavescence 90%～95%; Upper tobacco leaf approaches complete yellow, yellowing degree 95%～100%.In this period, generally need 48～60 hours, notice that tobacco leaf yellowing degree does not reach while requiring, and do not turn in advance fire.
Reach and start steady temperature hydrofuge after the condition of tobacco leaf flavescence and bake process; The central task of tobacco leaf latter stage of ripening is: facilitate to greatest extent the decomposition and inversion of starch, total reducing sugar, protein, form more fragrance hyle.Concrete measure is: equilibrium temperature, reduce humidity, and when guaranteeing yellow tobacco leaves stable in properties, actively facilitate the decomposition and inversion of the inner a series of macromolecular compounds of tobacco leaf.The principle of grasping is: steady temperature hydrofuge, and temperature is unsuitable high, and humidity is unsuitable large, " burning till moderate heat ".Key problem in technology is " application of yellow critical value 67% ".Method is exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake wide open 1/5～1/4.Dry-bulb temperature, by 35～37 ℃, with the programming rate of average 1 ℃/2h, is slowly raised to 42～44 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature reaches 35～36 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at below 67%, preferably between 56%～59%.Stablize this wet and dry bulb temperature, bake top platform tobacco leaf flavescence wilting, base frame tobacco leaf is little play cylinder till.At this moment, the flavescence of cigarette muscle of full stove tobacco leaf, base frame blade dry 1/2～1/3.In this period, generally need 24～36 hours, note the strict control of humidity, " anhydrous not flavescence, anhydrous not bad cigarette ".Moisture content in leaves is too much or very few, all can not obtain desirable quality.Relative air humidity must be controlled at below 67%.
Now the ventilate process of dehydration cured leaf, the central task of cured leaf phase is: by tobacco leaf changing yellow stage, latter stage of ripening, accumulate to take the small-molecule substance that glucose, fructose and amino acid is representative compound, fixing, synthetic tabacco fragrance material.Concrete measure is: strengthen ventilation dewetting, by higher temperature, lower humidity, slough moisture content in leaves, tobacco leaf changing yellow stage, latter stage of ripening, the quality factor of acquisition is fixed up.The principle of grasping is " keep certain programming rate, and accomplish steady temperature, constant, lasting, do not fall temperature, suddenly do not heat up, time expand, quickening dehydration, dries offshoot and mesophyll ".Make a fire " wanting large and steady ".Key problem in technology is " first hydrofuge, rear intensification ".Exhausting window standard-sized sheet, the wide open 3/4～standard-sized sheet of air intake.With the programming rate of the average 1 ℃/h of dry bulb, by 42～44 ℃, be raised to 51～53 ℃, wet-bulb temperature is adjusted at 37～38 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled between 35%～37%.Stablize wet and dry bulb temperature, bake top platform tobacco leaf and play greatly cylinder, blade is dry more than 2/3, and only near mesophyll leaf base and master pulse is also soft; Base frame tobacco leaf bone dry.In this period, generally need 24～36 hours.Should be noted that the steadily rapid with the dehydration of ventilating of temperature, overcome the appearance of hot dust, cold dust and black poor cigarette.
The process of finally carrying out temperature control, the wet dry muscle of control, the central task of drying muscle stage is: drain master pulse moisture, realize full stove drying tobacco.Concrete measure is: use to high-temperature with to low humidity, accelerate the eliminating of master pulse moisture.Tobacco leaf master pulse in the cured leaf phase drying 2/3～3/4, residual moisture is few, just epidermis is thick, tissue tight, moisture evaporation is slower, but does not need a large amount of ventilation dewettings; Meanwhile, tobacco leaf is drying, and between the inner cigarette pole of barn, space becomes large; If continue out large exhausting window, air intake hole, will inevitably cause the loss of heat and the waste of fuel.Therefore, must turn down exhausting window, air intake hole, reduce thermal loss, shorten baking time, save the energy.The principle of grasping is " make a fire and evenly, burn till moderate heat in large change, slow intensification, surely warm, drains moisture, dries master pulse ".Key problem in technology is " temperature is unsuitable high, and humidity is unsuitable large ".1 ℃ of now dry bulb intensification per hour, directly rises to 66～68 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature also rises to 39～40 ℃ thereupon; relative humidity 15%～14%, stablizes wet and dry bulb temperature, bakes the more than 90% tobacco leaf master pulse of top platform when dry; cease fire, utilizing waste heat is that cigarette muscle is dried not dry master pulse.Ventilation dewetting requires: before 62 ℃ of dry-bulb temperatures, exhausting window is standard-sized sheet still, and air intake is wide open 1/2, changes burning moderate heat; During 65～68 ℃ of dry-bulb temperatures, exhausting window opens 1/2～1/3, and air intake is wide open 1/3～1/4, keeps moderate heat baking.During truce, close air intake hole, exhausting window opens 1/3, avoids closing completely, and residue moisture can be vexed red the color of cigarette.In this period, generally need 24～48 hours.It should be noted that dry-bulb temperature must not surpass 68 ℃, wet-bulb temperature must not surpass 40 ℃, overcomes roasting red cigarette; Make a fire and can not suddenly lower the temperature, overcome spermatic cord, cloudy sheet.As blowing and raining, cause when the dry wet difference of the interior non-uniform temperature of barn or master pulse is large, can, by adjusting air intake hole and exhausting window, solve.Method is: where temperature is low for barn, and master pulse is not dry, just air intake cavities close, exhausting window where is opened, and the air intake hole in other orientation is opened, and exhausting window is closed.Like this, make the thermal air current of low layer or high-temperature region, upper strata to low-temperature space, dry tobacco leaf is not dried.
Tobacco flue-curing is a complicated physiological and biochemical procedure accompanying with physical change.Wherein physical change refers to that moisture in tobacco leaf is constantly vaporized and discharges tissue, makes tobacco leaf dry gradually; It is the most basic, most important variation that Physiology and biochemistry changes, and be extremely complicated, it comprises that fresh tobacco tissue cell is under the effect of respiratory enzymes, hydrolase, oxidation, reduction enzyme etc., the overall process that makes tobacco leaf internal substance decompose, transform and consume.Baking principle is exactly to study the basic law of this process, thereby formulates artificial adjustment measure, makes the various variations of tobacco leaf towards the future development that is conducive to most industrial applicability, reach bake, scalding, roasting fragrant.
With specific embodiment, the present invention will be described below:
Embodiment 1: the first step, flue-cured tobacco chamber exhausting window opens 1/4,0.5cm is opened in air intake hole, 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, making dry-bulb temperature reach gradually 32 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reaches 30 ℃, relative humidity and reaches 80%, the dry bulb 1 ℃/2h that heats up now, makes dry-bulb temperature reach 35 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 33 ℃, relative humidity and reach 85% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is continued to baking 48 hours; Second step: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open 1/5, and the dry bulb 1 ℃/2h that heats up makes dry-bulb temperature reach 42 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 35 ℃, relative humidity and reach 59% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 24 hours; The 3rd step: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open 3/4, and the dry bulb 1 ℃/h that heats up makes dry-bulb temperature reach 51 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 37 ℃, relative humidity and reach 37% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 24 hours; The 4th step: 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification; and when dry-bulb temperature is 60 ℃; exhausting window standard-sized sheet; air intake is wide open 1/2, and when dry-bulb temperature is 62 ℃, exhausting window opens 1/2; air intake wide open 1/3; when dry-bulb temperature reaches 66 ℃, wet-bulb temperature, reach 39 ℃, relative humidity keep with this understanding 24 hours while reaching 15% after and cease fire, close air intake hole, exhausting window opens 1/3.
Embodiment 2: first step flue-cured tobacco indoor exhaust window opens 2/9,0.7cm is opened in air intake hole, 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, while making dry-bulb temperature reach 33 ℃, wet-bulb temperature to reach 31 ℃, relative humidity and reach 83%, the dry bulb 1 ℃/2h that heats up now, makes dry-bulb temperature reach 36 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 34 ℃, relative humidity and reach 80% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is continued to baking 50 hours; Second step exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open 2/9, and the dry bulb 1 ℃/2h that heats up makes dry-bulb temperature reach 43 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 36 ℃, relative humidity and reach 57% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 30 hours; The 3rd step exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open 1/2, and the dry bulb 1 ℃/h that heats up makes dry-bulb temperature reach 52 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reaches 38 ℃, relative humidity and reach 36% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 30 hours; 1 ℃/h of the 4th step dry bulb intensification; and when dry-bulb temperature is 60 ℃; exhausting window standard-sized sheet; air intake is wide open 1/2, and when dry-bulb temperature equals 66 ℃, exhausting window opens 2/5; air intake wide open 2/7; when dry-bulb temperature reaches 67 ℃, wet-bulb temperature, reach 40 ℃, relative humidity keep with this understanding 32 hours while reaching 14% after and cease fire, close air intake hole, exhausting window opens 1/3.
Claims (4)
1. a tobacco flue-curing method, is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps:
First step tobacco leaf low temperature damping flavescence process: tobacco leaf is positioned over to flue-cured tobacco indoor, flue-cured tobacco indoor exhaust window opens 1/4～1/5,0.5～1.0cm is opened in air intake hole, 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, while making dry-bulb temperature reach 32～33 ℃, wet-bulb temperature to reach 30～31 ℃, relative humidity and reach 80%～85%, 1 ℃/2h of now dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach 35～37 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reach 33～34 ℃, relative humidity and reach 79%～85% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is continued to baking 48～60 hours, make tobacco leaf flavescence;
The steady temperature hydrofuge of second step is baked process: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake wide open 1/5～1/4,1 ℃/2h of dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach that 42～44 ℃, wet-bulb temperature reach 35～36 ℃, relative humidity is controlled at below 67% and remain on this condition toasts 24～36 hours tobacco leaf, make the flavescence of cigarette muscle;
The 3rd step ventilation dehydration cured leaf process: exhausting window standard-sized sheet, air intake is wide open more than 3/4,1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification, make dry-bulb temperature reach 51～53 ℃, wet-bulb temperature and reach 37～38 ℃, relative humidity and reach 35%～37% and remain on this condition tobacco leaf is toasted 24～36 hours, make drying tobacco;
The 4th step temperature control, the wet dry muscle process of control: 1 ℃/h of dry bulb intensification; and when dry-bulb temperature is less than 62 ℃; exhausting window standard-sized sheet; air intake wide open 1/2; when dry-bulb temperature is more than or equal to 62 ℃; exhausting window opens 1/2～1/3; air intake wide open 1/3～1/4; when dry-bulb temperature reaches 66～68 ℃, wet-bulb temperature, reach 39～40 ℃, relative humidity keep with this understanding 24～48 hours while reaching 14%～15% after and cease fire; close air intake hole; exhausting window opens 1/3, and the indoor residue moisture of flue-cured tobacco is vexed red tobacco leaf, completes whole flue-cured tobacco process.
2. according to a kind of tobacco flue-curing method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described first step, the degree of tobacco leaf flavescence is lower tobacco leaf yellowing degree 80%～85%; Middle part tobacco leaf flavescence 90%～95%; Upper tobacco leaf yellowing degree 95%～100%.
3. according to a kind of tobacco flue-curing method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described second step, relative humidity is controlled at 56%～59%.
4. according to a kind of tobacco flue-curing method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described the 3rd step, the degree of drying tobacco is that top platform tobacco leaf is dry more than 2/3, and only near mesophyll leaf base and master pulse is also soft; Base frame tobacco leaf bone dry.
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| CN109275938A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-29 | 江西省烟草科学研究所 | A kind of baking method improving flue-cured tobacco upper tobacco leaf pliability |
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