CN109288112B - Six-section baking process for tobacco leaves at upper part of Bina I - Google Patents
Six-section baking process for tobacco leaves at upper part of Bina I Download PDFInfo
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- CN109288112B CN109288112B CN201811429834.9A CN201811429834A CN109288112B CN 109288112 B CN109288112 B CN 109288112B CN 201811429834 A CN201811429834 A CN 201811429834A CN 109288112 B CN109288112 B CN 109288112B
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- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
Abstract
The invention discloses a six-section baking process of Bina I upper tobacco leaves, which comprises a yellowing section, a withering section, a dehumidifying section I, a dehumidifying section II or a fragment, a dry fragment and a dry tendon section, wherein each section has a temperature rise period and a temperature stabilization period, and is provided with a dry-wet-bulb temperature fluctuation error and a temperature rise rate, the yellowing section, the withering section, the dehumidifying section II or the fragment have two temperature rise periods, the temperature rise rates of the two temperature rise periods are different, the rest of the stages only have one temperature rise period, the withering section and the dehumidifying section I take the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature as control targets, and the rest of the stages take the dry-bulb temperature as a control target. The beneficial effects are that: the baking process provided by the invention is strong in operability aiming at the upper tobacco leaves of Bina I, can uniformly increase the dry-bulb temperature according to a set heating rate in a heating period, can enable the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature to fluctuate within a set range in a temperature stabilizing period, can improve the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component coordination of the tobacco leaves, can increase the income of tobacco growers, and can reduce the baking cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a tobacco leaf baking process, and particularly relates to a six-section baking process for tobacco leaves at the upper part of Bina I.
Background
At present, the domestic tobacco leaf baking mostly adopts a bulk curing barn, and the baking equipment can save energy and labor and improve the quality of the tobacco leaf. However, in practical operation, the problems of aroma, light color, compact tissue structure and the like of the tobacco leaves baked by the equipment are found, and the tobacco leaf baking quality is greatly influenced. According to investigation, the improvement and innovation of the construction of the bulk curing barn are mainly realized, but the traditional three-stage curing process is still used in the curing process, and although the curing process is partially improved, most curing processes do not make specific curing schemes according to the change of weather and tobacco quality, the curing process is difficult to be matched with the actual curing operation, and the quality of cured tobacco leaves is not satisfactory.
Bina I is a new flue-cured tobacco variety bred from a Yunyan 85 variant, and passes the Guizhou province variety approval of the national tobacco variety approval Committee in 2012 (No.: Qian examine tobacco 201201). The variety has strong field growth potential and strong resistance to root diseases, and the number of leaves is suitable for optimizing the hierarchical structure of the tobacco leaves; the overall appearance quality is good, and the chemical components are coordinated; the style characteristics are obvious, the aroma quality is good, the sweet feeling is obvious, the aftertaste is clean and comfortable, and all indexes are balanced; the upper tobacco leaves have good slicing property, outstanding internal quality performance and strong industrial availability; 2011-2013, 108 ten thousand mu of accumulated popularization and planting can obtain obvious economic benefit. Since the variety is popularized, researchers research and analysis on planting and quality characteristic analysis of the variety, but lack of research on the baking process of the variety, the traditional three-section five-step baking process is still adopted, the baking process is a universal baking technical specification and is a baking process based on a traditional bulk curing barn, and although some researchers research and improve the process, the problems still exist: the traditional baking process cannot meet the advanced baking requirements of the bulk curing barn, such as an internal circulation bulk curing barn baking system, the baking system removes a dehumidification window on the original curing barn and changes dehumidification into dehumidification, compared with the method that dehumidification is adopted to control temperature rise speed, temperature stabilization duration and real-time dry-wet-bulb temperature difference, the set wet-bulb temperature target value in the dehumidification process is completely different from the set wet-bulb temperature target value of the traditional baking process, a heat pump and electric energy are adopted to supply heat, so that the heat supply and the temperature rise speed are controlled more flexibly, and the traditional three-section five-step baking process cannot meet the requirements; secondly, the traditional baking process only focuses on the dehydration and moisture removal of tobacco leaves, and does not consider the optimal temperature and humidity required by the conversion and synthesis of substances in the tobacco leaves, so that the baked tobacco leaves are light in color, insufficient in oil content, low in aroma amount and low in quality of smoke panel evaluation, the economic value of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the advantages and the potential of the new variety I can not be brought into play, and the income of tobacco growers is reduced; the traditional baking process can not be matched with an advanced control system, the static pressure and the leaf gap wind speed in the baking room can be automatically adjusted according to the withering and drying degree of the tobacco leaves in the tobacco containing room by the advanced baking process for the current advanced control system, so that the real-time dry bulb temperature error of each point in the tobacco containing room is in a smaller range, and the difference of the tobacco leaves in appearance and flavor due to the temperature difference among an upper shed, a middle shed and a lower shed can be avoided. Therefore, production practices in various places are combined, key baking parameters of the bulk curing barn in corresponding scale are determined according to different types of bulk curing barns, tobacco planting modes, tobacco varieties and climate conditions of various regions, the baking process of the bulk curing barn is refined, optimized and perfected, the defects of the baking process of the bulk curing barn are improved, and the taste of the tobacco is eaten and the industrial availability is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problem, the invention discloses a six-section baking process of Bina I upper tobacco leaves.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the six-section baking process of the first Bina upper tobacco leaves comprises a yellowing section, a withering section, a humidity reducing section I, a humidity reducing section II or a fragment changing section, a dry fragment section and a dry tendon section; the method is characterized in that: the yellowing section dry bulb temperature is increased from room temperature to 38 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 30 ℃ temperature rise period, a 38 ℃ temperature rise period and a 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry bulb temperature is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the withering section is increased from 38 ℃ to 42 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 40 ℃ temperature rise period, a 42 ℃ temperature rise period and a 42 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are taken as control targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.4 ℃, the humidity reducing section I is increased from 42 ℃ to 46 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 46 ℃ temperature rise period and a 46 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the yellowing section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as targets, the dry bulb temperature fluctuation error +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature fluctuation error +/-0.3 ℃, the humidity reducing section II or the yellowing section is increased from 46 ℃ to 50 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 48 ℃ temperature rise period and a 50 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the dry segment is to increase the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 54 ℃, the temperature rise period of 54 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 54 ℃ are included, the temperature of the dry bulb is taken as a control target, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 54 ℃ to 68 ℃ in the dry-rib segment, the temperature rise period of 68 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 68 ℃ are included, the temperature of the dry bulb is taken as a control target, and the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃; the six-section baking process can improve the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component harmony of the tobacco leaves, increase the income of tobacco growers, reduce the baking cost, enhance the stability of the baking quality and reduce the bad tobacco quantity.
In the invention, the yellowing section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the yellowing section comprises a 30 ℃ heating period, a 38 ℃ heating period and a 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period, and is used for enabling the real-time dry bulb temperature of a curing barn to reach and be controlled at the optimal yellowing temperature of tobacco leaves, promoting the degradation of macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves, enabling fresh green tobacco leaves to become yellow tobacco leaves through curing, and enabling the tobacco leaves to become yellow until the tobacco leaves reach 8-9 degrees of yellowing; the temperature rise period at 30 ℃ is that the temperature in the curing barn after the tobacco loading is finished is raised to the dry bulb temperature of 30.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 3.0 ℃/h when the temperature of the dry bulb in the curing barn is lower than 20.0 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 2.0 ℃/h when the temperature is higher than 20.0 ℃; the temperature rise period at 38 ℃ is to raise the temperature of the dry balls in the curing barn from 30.0 ℃ to 38.0 ℃, and the temperature rise speed is 1.0 ℃/h; and the temperature stabilization period at 38 ℃ is to control the temperature of dry balls in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 38.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 24-48 hours, when the yellowing degree of tobacco leaves reaches 8-9, the tobacco leaves can enter a withering section, and the difference between the wet ball temperature SH1 in the curing barn and the temperature of the dry balls is about 0.5 ℃.
In the invention, the withering section is controlled by taking dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation error of the wet-bulb temperature is +/-0.4 ℃, and the withering section is used for completely baking the tobacco leaves to yellow and reach the green ribs of yellow leaves, softening all collapsed frames of the tobacco leaves, dehydrating and dehumidifying, further degrading and converting macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves, and promoting the formation and accumulation of fragrance prerequisite substances; in the temperature rise period of 40 ℃, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the dry bulb temperature in the baking room is raised from 38.0 ℃ to 40.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.25 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is lowered from SH1 to 37.0 ℃, and the temperature decrease rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.25(SH1-37.0) DEG C/h; in the 42 ℃ temperature rise period, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the real-time dry bulb temperature in the curing barn is raised from 40.0 ℃ to 42.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb temperature is reduced from 37.0 ℃ to 35.0 ℃, and the temperature reduction rate is 0.125 ℃/h; in the temperature stabilization period of 42.0 ℃, the real-time wet bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the dry bulb temperature in the curing barn is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 42.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is reduced from 35.0 ℃ to 33.0 ℃ and is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 34.0 +/-0.4 ℃, the temperature reduction rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature stabilization time is 12-24 hours, and when all tobacco leaves wither and collapse frames and roll edges and the wet bulb temperature is below 33.0 ℃, the section I of humidity reduction can be carried out.
In the invention, the humidity reducing section I is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.3 ℃, and the temperature increasing period at 46 ℃ and the temperature stabilizing period at 46 ℃ are included for further promoting the accumulation of aroma precondition substances in the tobacco leaves and the formation of aroma substances, so that tobacco ribs on the appearance of the tobacco leaves are yellowed, and the tobacco leaves form small drums; the temperature rise period at 46 ℃ is to raise the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room from 42.0 ℃ to 46.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.125 ℃/h, the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced from 33.0 ℃ to 31.0 ℃, the temperature reduction rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.10 ℃/h, when the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced to a set target value and the dry bulb temperature is still in the temperature rise period, the real-time wet bulb temperature is maintained to fluctuate within the range of the target value +/-0.3 ℃ until the temperature rise period is finished; the temperature stabilization period at 46 ℃ is to control the temperature of dry balls in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 46.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and the temperature of wet balls to fluctuate within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 4-12 hours, and when tobacco stems of tobacco leaves turn yellow, the shapes of the tobacco stems are changed into small drums and the temperature of the real-time wet balls is maintained below 31.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter the humidity reduction II or the fragment change.
In the invention, the dehumidification II or the variable segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is maintained to fluctuate within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, and the dehumidification II or the variable segment comprises a 48 ℃ heating period, a 50 ℃ heating period and a 50 ℃ temperature stabilization period, is used for promoting the full conversion of aroma substances in tobacco leaves and the formation of tobacco fragrance, promoting the formation of large tobacco rolls, and enhancing dehydration and dehumidification; the temperature rise period of 48 ℃ is that the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room is raised from 46.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h; the 50 ℃ heating period is that the real-time dry bulb temperature is heated from 48.0 ℃ to 50.0 ℃, and the heating rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.25 ℃/h; the 50 ℃ temperature stabilization period is to control the real-time dry-bulb temperature in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 50.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 12-24 hours, and when the shape of 5-6 tobacco leaves in the curing barn is changed into a large reel and the real-time wet-bulb temperature is 31.0 ℃, dry segments can enter.
In the invention, the dry segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the error fluctuation of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are included in a 54 ℃ heating period and a 54 ℃ temperature stabilization period, so that the synthesis of aroma substances is promoted, aroma substances are formed, the contents of harmful substances, irritation substances and miscellaneous odor substances in tobacco leaves are reduced, and the dehydrated dry tobacco leaves and tobacco stems are withered; the heating period at 54 ℃ is to heat the real-time dry-bulb temperature in the baking room from 50.0 ℃ to 54.0 ℃, the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/h, and the wet-bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 31.5 +/-0.5 ℃; the 54 ℃ temperature rising period is that the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room is controlled to fluctuate within 54.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within 32.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilizing time is 4-12 hours, and when the tobacco leaves are uniform in chromaticity, all form a large reel and the real-time wet bulb temperature is 32.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter the dry stem section.
In the invention, the dry-stem section is controlled by taking the dry-bulb temperature as a target, the error of the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the dry-stem section comprises a 68 ℃ temperature rise period and a 68 ℃ temperature stabilization period and is used for volatilizing and purifying dry pieces, dry stems and aroma substances of tobacco leaves; the temperature rise period at 68 ℃ is that the temperature of the dry pellets in the curing barn is raised from 54.0 ℃ to 68.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet pellets is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 32.5 +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the dry pellets is 1.0 ℃/h; and the temperature stabilization period at 68 ℃ is to control the dry bulb temperature in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 68.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to fluctuate within the range of 33.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 24-48 hours, and when no water drops exist on the observation window glass of the curing barn and the tobacco leaves and all tobacco ribs are observed from the observation window at the door edge of the tobacco loading chamber of the curing barn, the curing is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the baking process provided by the invention is strong in operability aiming at the upper tobacco leaves of Bina I, can uniformly increase the dry-bulb temperature according to a set heating rate in a heating period, can enable the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature to fluctuate within a set range in a temperature stabilizing period, can improve the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component coordination of the tobacco leaves, can increase the income of tobacco growers, and can reduce the baking cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a six stage curing process profile of the upper leaf of Bina I.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a six-stage curing process profile of the Bina I upper tobacco leaves of the present invention.
The six-section baking process of the first Bina upper tobacco leaves comprises a yellowing section, a withering section, a humidity reducing section I, a humidity reducing section II or a fragment changing section, a dry fragment section and a dry tendon section; the method is characterized in that: the yellowing section dry bulb temperature is increased from room temperature to 38 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 30 ℃ temperature rise period, a 38 ℃ temperature rise period and a 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry bulb temperature is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the withering section is increased from 38 ℃ to 42 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 40 ℃ temperature rise period, a 42 ℃ temperature rise period and a 42 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are taken as control targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.4 ℃, the humidity reducing section I is increased from 42 ℃ to 46 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 46 ℃ temperature rise period and a 46 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the yellowing section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as targets, the dry bulb temperature fluctuation error +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature fluctuation error +/-0.3 ℃, the humidity reducing section II or the yellowing section is increased from 46 ℃ to 50 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 48 ℃ temperature rise period and a 50 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the dry segment is to increase the temperature of the dry bulb from 50 ℃ to 54 ℃, the temperature rise period of 54 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 54 ℃ are included, the temperature of the dry bulb is taken as a control target, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased from 54 ℃ to 68 ℃ in the dry-rib segment, the temperature rise period of 68 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 68 ℃ are included, the temperature of the dry bulb is taken as a control target, and the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃; the six-section baking process can improve the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component harmony of the tobacco leaves, increase the income of tobacco growers, reduce the baking cost, enhance the stability of the baking quality and reduce the bad tobacco quantity. The target temperature of 6 stages takes the dry-bulb temperature as a reference value, each stage has a heating period and a temperature stabilization period, each heating period has a respective heating rate, heating duration, a set value of the wet-bulb temperature, a difference of the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, and a control error of the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature, slow and stable heating is carried out in the heating period according to the heating rate, meanwhile, for the stage needing dehumidification, dehumidification is carried out firstly and then heating is carried out in the heating period, namely when the real-time dry-bulb temperature reaches the target temperature to be reached every hour and the real-time wet-bulb temperature is maintained above the target temperature for a long time, heating should be stopped and temperature stabilization is carried out until the real-time wet-bulb temperature can be reduced below the target temperature, then heating is started, when the target temperature to be reached by the heating period starts to enter the temperature stabilization period, the target temperature of the current stage is taken as the reference value, and the real-time, when the tobacco leaves change to reach the target task of the current stage and the real-time wet bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber can be maintained below the target value, the temperature stabilization period is ended, parameters needing to be observed in the temperature stabilization period comprise temperature stabilization duration and dry-wet bulb temperature control errors, the specific temperature stabilization duration is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber at the set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of the tobacco leaves, the mark of the temperature stabilization period ending is that the change degree of the tobacco leaves and the real-time wet bulb temperature are used as reference objects, relevant parameters in the temperature rise period and the temperature stabilization period can be properly modified according to the environment temperature and the weather conditions in the baking process, because compared with rainy weather, the weather of clear and sufficient sunlight is changed into the yellow period, the dry flake period and the dry-flake period, and the continuous time period, and the substances in the tobacco leaves are degraded, converted and formed more completely, and when the temperature stabilization period of the stage needs to dehumidify, the wet-bulb temperature is used as a primary reference value in the baking process, the dry-bulb temperature control error can be properly adjusted, the dry-bulb temperature target value of each stage has a wet-bulb temperature target value corresponding to the dry-bulb temperature target value, so the adjustment value of the dry-bulb temperature control error is combined with the wet-bulb temperature of the current stage, the real-time adjustment value needs to be within the range of the dry-bulb temperature control error, and the temperature rise speed and the dry-bulb temperature control error set in each temperature rise period are used for avoiding that the average temperature in the tobacco containing chamber exceeds the set target value to bake the tobacco leaves due to excessive heat supply of heating equipment in the temperature rise period; the specific operation of each stage is as follows:
yellow segment
The target is as follows: enabling the tobacco leaves to become yellow by 8-9 days, wherein the tobacco leaves are internally: part of the materials are degraded to make fresh green tobacco leaves turn into yellow tobacco leaves through baking.
The yellowing section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the yellowing section comprises a 30 ℃ heating period, a 38 ℃ heating period and a 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period, and is used for enabling the real-time dry bulb temperature of the curing barn to reach and be controlled at the optimal yellowing temperature of the tobacco leaves, promoting the degradation of macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves, enabling fresh green tobacco leaves to become yellow tobacco leaves through curing, and enabling the fresh green tobacco leaves to become yellow until the tobacco leaves reach 8-9 degrees of yellow; the temperature rise period at 30 ℃ is that the temperature in the curing barn after the tobacco loading is finished is raised to the dry bulb temperature of 30.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 3.0 ℃/h when the temperature of the dry bulb in the curing barn is lower than 20.0 ℃, and the temperature rise rate is 2.0 ℃/h when the temperature is higher than 20.0 ℃; the temperature rise period at 38 ℃ is to raise the temperature of the dry balls in the curing barn from 30.0 ℃ to 38.0 ℃, and the temperature rise speed is 1.0 ℃/h; and the temperature stabilization period at 38 ℃ is to control the temperature of dry balls in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 38.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 24-48 hours, when the yellowing degree of tobacco leaves reaches 8-9, the tobacco leaves can enter a withering section, and the difference between the wet ball temperature SH1 in the curing barn and the temperature of the dry balls is about 0.5 ℃.
The yellowing section is that the dry bulb temperature target value of the stage is 38.0 ℃, and comprises a temperature rise period and a temperature stabilization period, wherein the temperature rise period and the temperature stabilization period are used for enabling the real-time dry bulb temperature to reach the optimal yellowing temperature of the tobacco leaves according to a certain temperature rise speed and promoting substances in the tobacco leaves to start degrading so as to enable the tobacco leaves to become yellow; the temperature rise period is to raise the real-time dry bulb temperature from room temperature to 38.0 ℃, and comprises two temperature rise intervals: the method comprises the steps that the temperature is between room temperature and 30.0 ℃, between 30.0 and 38.0 ℃, between the room temperature and 30.0 ℃ is used for raising the real-time dry bulb temperature from the room temperature to 30.0 ℃, the heating speed is controlled to be 2.0-3.0 ℃/h in the heating period, the heating time is adjusted according to the room temperature, when the room temperature is lower than 20.0 ℃, the heating speed can be properly increased, the temperature in a tobacco containing chamber can quickly reach 30.0 ℃, but the heating speed cannot be too high, the occurrence of flue-cured tobacco is avoided, when the average temperature in the tobacco containing chamber exceeds 30.0 ℃, the internal substances of tobacco leaves start to change, in the heating period, the formation conditions of water drops on glass windows before and after the tobacco containing chamber are observed, if no water drops are formed in the heating period, the running condition of a fan needs to be checked, whether an air inlet and an air outlet are smooth, no moisture is removed in the heating period, but the temperature difference of the real-time dry bulb needs to be observed; the temperature of 30.0-38.0 ℃ is used for raising the real-time dry-bulb temperature from 30.0 ℃ to 38.0 ℃, the temperature raising time is 8 hours, the temperature raising rate is 1.0 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour in the temperature raising period is kept within 1.0 ℃, the condition of water drop formation on glass windows before and after a tobacco loading chamber is observed in the temperature raising period, meanwhile, the temperature difference between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature is kept within 1.0 ℃, when the real-time dry-bulb temperature minus the real-time wet-bulb temperature is greater than 1, the operation conditions of a fan and dehumidification equipment and whether an air inlet and an air outlet are unblocked are required to be checked, when the real-time dry-bulb temperature minus the real-time wet-bulb temperature is less than-1, whether the dry-wet-bulb temperature is reversed is checked, whether a dry-bulb thermometer is in a failure or not, the temperature raising period is a tobacco leaf yellowing early period, substances in the tobacco leaves begin to decompose, and a small amount of the tobacco leaves begin to yellow; the temperature stabilization period is that the real-time dry bulb temperature is kept at about 38.0 ℃, the fluctuation range is within 38.0 +/-0.5 ℃ of the target temperature, the temperature stabilization period is 24-48 hours, the real-time wet bulb temperature is kept below 38.0 ℃ in the temperature stabilization period, chlorophyll in tobacco leaves is degraded in the temperature stabilization period to enable the tobacco leaves to turn yellow, the yellow degree of the tobacco leaves is not only dependent on the temperature in a tobacco containing chamber, but also closely related to the environment temperature and a planting area, so the temperature stabilization periods in the tobacco leaf baking process are different, the tobacco leaf change and the dry bulb temperature difference are mainly observed in the temperature stabilization period, the absolute value of the real-time dry bulb temperature difference in the temperature stabilization period cannot exceed 1, if the real-time dry bulb temperature minus the real-time wet bulb temperature is greater than 1, green tobacco baking can occur, if the real-time wet bulb temperature minus the real-time dry bulb temperature is greater than 1, the moisture in the tobacco containing chamber is too much, the moisture can be opened and removed, and the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced below 38.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves which are yellowed due to the fact that the humidity is higher than the temperature for a long time and are already directly blackened, when the tobacco leaves are yellowed by 8-9 degrees and the real-time wet bulb temperature is lower than 38.0 degrees centigrade, the stage is finished, the next stage can be entered, and since the initial process of each stage is a temperature rise stage and water is analyzed during the temperature rise, before the next stage, the real-time wet bulb temperature must be kept lower than the target wet bulb temperature set in the temperature stabilization stage, and the beginning of the tobacco leaf yellowing stage is indicated from the stage.
Withering segment
The target is as follows: the tobacco leaves are totally yellow and withered and collapsed in appearance, and the interior of the tobacco leaves is as follows: further promoting the degradation, transformation and water loss of macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves.
The withering section is controlled by taking dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry-bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the fluctuation error of the wet-bulb temperature is +/-0.4 ℃, and the withering section is used for baking all tobacco leaves to yellow and reaching yellow green ribs, softening all collapsed frames of the tobacco leaves, dehydrating and dehumidifying, further degrading and converting macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves, and promoting the formation and accumulation of fragrance prerequisite substances; in the temperature rise period of 40 ℃, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the dry bulb temperature in the baking room is raised from 38.0 ℃ to 40.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.25 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is lowered from SH1 to 37.0 ℃, and the temperature decrease rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.25(SH1-37.0) DEG C/h; in the 42 ℃ temperature rise period, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the real-time dry bulb temperature in the curing barn is raised from 40.0 ℃ to 42.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb temperature is reduced from 37.0 ℃ to 35.0 ℃, and the temperature reduction rate is 0.125 ℃/h; in the temperature stabilization period of 42.0 ℃, the real-time wet bulb temperature is taken as a control target, the dry bulb temperature in the curing barn is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 42.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is reduced from 35.0 ℃ to 33.0 ℃ and is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 34.0 +/-0.4 ℃, the temperature reduction rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature stabilization time is 12-24 hours, and when all tobacco leaves wither and collapse frames and roll edges and the wet bulb temperature is below 33.0 ℃, the section I of humidity reduction can be carried out.
The withering section is a dry bulb temperature target value of 42.0 ℃ in the stage, comprises a temperature rise period of 40.0 ℃, a temperature rise period of 42.0 ℃ and a temperature stabilization period of 44.0 ℃, and is used for promoting the degradation of substances in the tobacco leaves and enabling the tobacco leaves to turn yellow, wither, dehydrate and dehumidify; the temperature rise period of 40.0 ℃ is used for rising the real-time dry-bulb temperature from 38.0 ℃ to 40.0 ℃, the set target wet-bulb temperature is 37.0 ℃, the temperature rise period is 4 hours, the temperature rise rate is 0.25 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour in the temperature rise period is kept within 0.5 ℃, the temperature rise period is controlled by adjusting the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise period in the temperature rise period, tobacco leaves are prevented from being baked too fast in temperature rise, the real-time wet-bulb temperature is kept below 37.0 ℃ in the temperature rise period, water drops are separated out in the temperature rise period, the implemented wet-bulb temperature is used as a primary observation reference value in the temperature rise period, and if the real-time wet-bulb temperature is kept above 37.0 ℃ for a long time, the temperature rise speed can be properly reduced, and the real-time dry-wet-bulb temperature difference is larger than the set dry-wet-bulb temperature difference; the 42.0 ℃ heating period is used for heating the real-time dry bulb temperature from 40.0 ℃ to 42.0 ℃, the heating time is 16 hours, the temperature rise speed is 0.125 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour in the temperature rise period is kept within 0.4 ℃, the temperature rise progress is adjusted by adjusting the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise duration in the temperature rise period, the waste of energy resources caused by over-fast tobacco leaf baking and over-slow temperature rise is avoided, wherein the heating speed and the heating time can be properly adjusted according to the environmental temperature, the tobacco planting region and the dehumidification equipment efficiency, the target value of the wet bulb temperature in the heating period is 35.0 ℃, used for keeping the real-time wet bulb temperature below 35.0 ℃ in the temperature rising period, the wet bulb temperature is taken as a primary reference value in the temperature rising period, if the real-time wet bulb temperature is maintained above 35.0 ℃ for a long time, the temperature rise speed can be properly reduced, so that the real-time dry-wet bulb temperature difference is larger than the set dry-wet bulb temperature difference; the temperature stabilization period of 42.0 ℃ is to keep the dry bulb temperature at about 42.0 ℃, the fluctuation range is controlled within 42.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced to 33.0 ℃ and kept to fluctuate at about 33.0 +/-0.4 ℃, the real-time wet bulb temperature cannot exceed 34.0 ℃, the problem that the tobacco leaves are hard to yellow due to insufficient dehydration to cause black flue-cured tobacco is avoided, the temperature stabilization period is 12-24 hours, the specific temperature stabilization time is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber at the set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of the tobacco leaves, the tobacco leaves are better in maturity, the weather during yellowing is clear, the outdoor environment temperature is high, the temperature stabilization period can enable all tobacco leaves to collapse and soften within about 12 hours, the temperature stabilization period of no matter can be prolonged, when all the tobacco leaves collapse and collapse are within 42.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature of the real-time is controlled by the temperature of the tobacco leaves, And (4) curling, wherein the tobacco leaves have elasticity, the tobacco ribs are wound on fingers and are continuously detached, the completion of the stage is indicated, the next stage can be entered, and the completion of the stage indicates that the tobacco leaves are yellowed.
Stage I of dehumidification
The target is as follows: the tobacco ribs of the tobacco leaf appearance turn yellow in appearance, the tobacco leaves form small drums, and the tobacco leaves are internally: further promoting the accumulation of aroma precondition substances in the tobacco leaves and the formation and water loss of the aroma substances.
The humidity reduction section I is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.3 ℃, and the temperature rise period at 46 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period at 46 ℃ are included, so that the accumulation of aroma precondition substances in the tobacco leaves and the formation of aroma substances are further promoted, the tobacco ribs on the appearance of the tobacco leaves are yellowed, and the tobacco leaves form small drums; the temperature rise period at 46 ℃ is to raise the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room from 42.0 ℃ to 46.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.125 ℃/h, the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced from 33.0 ℃ to 31.0 ℃, the temperature reduction rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.10 ℃/h, when the real-time wet bulb temperature is reduced to a set target value and the dry bulb temperature is still in the temperature rise period, the real-time wet bulb temperature is maintained to fluctuate within the range of the target value +/-0.3 ℃ until the temperature rise period is finished; the temperature stabilization period at 46 ℃ is to control the temperature of dry balls in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 46.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and the temperature of wet balls to fluctuate within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 4-12 hours, and when tobacco stems of tobacco leaves turn yellow, the shapes of the tobacco stems are changed into small drums and the temperature of the real-time wet balls is maintained below 31.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter the humidity reduction II or the fragment change.
The dehumidification I section is that the dry bulb temperature target value in the stage is 46.0 ℃, and comprises a temperature rise period and a temperature stabilization period, wherein the temperature rise period and the temperature stabilization period are used for further promoting accumulation of aroma preconditions, formation of aroma substances and dehydration and dehumidification of tobacco leaves, so that tobacco stems turn yellow and 5-6 formed tobacco leaves form small rolls; the temperature rise period is used for rising the real-time dry-bulb temperature from 42.0 ℃ to 46.0 ℃, the temperature rise time is 32 hours, the temperature rise speed is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature rise period controls the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour to be kept within +/-0.5 ℃, meanwhile, the temperature rise period is controlled by adjusting the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise time, the situation that substances in tobacco leaves are not fully degraded due to too fast temperature rise and aroma substances cannot be formed is avoided, the real-time wet-bulb temperature in the temperature rise period is reduced from 33.0 ℃ to 31.0 ℃ and kept fluctuating within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, and the temperature rise period is maintained until the end; the temperature stabilizing period is characterized in that the dry bulb temperature keeps fluctuating within 46.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature keeps fluctuating within 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, the maximum fluctuation is not more than 32.0 ℃, the temperature stabilizing period is used for further promoting accumulation of aroma precondition substances, formation of aroma substances and dehydration and dehumidification of tobacco leaves, the temperature stabilizing duration of the temperature stabilizing period is 4-12 hours, the specific temperature stabilizing time is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber at the set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of the tobacco leaves, when all the tobacco leaves start to turn yellow in small drums and tobacco ribs and the real-time wet bulb temperature is maintained below 31.0 ℃, the period is finished, and the next stage can be entered.
Dampness-reducing II or fragments
The target is as follows: the big reel of tobacco leaf forms in the outward appearance, inside the tobacco leaf: promote the full conversion of the aroma substances in the tobacco leaves, the formation of the tobacco aroma and the water loss.
The dehumidification II or the variable segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is maintained to fluctuate within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, and the fluctuation error comprises a 48-DEG C heating period, a 50-DEG C heating period and a 50-DEG C temperature stabilization period, and is used for promoting the full conversion of aroma substances in the tobacco leaves and the formation of tobacco fragrance, promoting the formation of large tobacco leaf rolls and enhancing dehydration and dehumidification; the temperature rise period of 48 ℃ is that the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room is raised from 46.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h; the 50 ℃ heating period is that the real-time dry bulb temperature is heated from 48.0 ℃ to 50.0 ℃, and the heating rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.25 ℃/h; the 50 ℃ temperature stabilization period is to control the real-time dry-bulb temperature in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 50.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 12-24 hours, and when the shape of 5-6 tobacco leaves in the curing barn is changed into a large reel and the real-time wet-bulb temperature is 31.0 ℃, dry segments can enter.
The humidity reduction II or the change segment is that the dry bulb temperature target value in the stage is 50.0 ℃, and the temperature rise period and the temperature stabilization period are included and are used for further promoting the conversion synthesis of aroma substances and the dehydration and dehumidification of tobacco leaves; the temperature rise period is to raise the real-time dry bulb temperature from 46.0 ℃ to 50.0 ℃, and the temperature rise period comprises two temperature rise intervals: 46-48 ℃, 48-50 ℃ and 46-48 ℃ for raising the real-time dry bulb temperature from 46.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃, wherein the temperature raising time is 16, the temperature raising speed is 0.125 ℃/h, in order to keep the temperature raising time of 16 hours, after the target temperature to be reached every hour is reached, the temperature is kept stable for one hour, the real-time wet bulb temperature is kept below the set target temperature, the difference between the real-time dry bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached every hour is controlled within +/-0.5 ℃ in the temperature raising period, the wet bulb temperature is kept within 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃ to fluctuate and cannot exceed 31.5 ℃, the temperature raising period is controlled by adjusting the temperature raising speed and the temperature raising time in the temperature raising period, the situation that the real-time dry bulb temperature exceeds the target temperature to be reached every hour and the real-time wet bulb temperature is higher than the target set value for a long time to cause tobacco leaf deterioration is avoided, the real-time dry bulb temperature is raised from 48 ℃ to 50 ℃ in the temperature raising period, the temperature of 48-50 ℃ for raising the real-time dry bulb temperature from 48 ℃ to 50 ℃, the temperature rise time is 8 hours, the temperature rise speed is 0.25 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour is controlled in the temperature rise period to keep within 1.0 ℃, the wet-bulb temperature is kept below 31.5 ℃ and is not more than 32.0 ℃ at most, the temperature rise interval is used for enabling the real-time dry-bulb temperature to reach the target temperature in the period, the temperature rise progress is regulated and controlled through the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise time, and the phenomenon that the tobacco leaves are damaged due to the fact that the real-time dry-bulb temperature exceeds the target temperature to be reached in each hour and the real-time wet-bulb temperature is higher than a target set value for a long time in the temperature rise period is avoided; the temperature stabilization period is that the dry bulb temperature is kept to fluctuate within a range of 50.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is kept to fluctuate within a range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃ and can not exceed 31.5 ℃ at most, the temperature stabilization period is used for promoting the conversion and synthesis of aroma substances in tobacco leaves and the dehydration and dehumidification of the tobacco leaves so as to achieve the purpose of drying the tobacco leaves, the temperature stabilization period is 12-24 hours, the specific temperature stabilization time is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in a tobacco containing chamber at a set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of the tobacco leaves, and when 5-6 finished tobacco leaves form a large reel, the stage is finished.
Dry fragments
The target is as follows: in appearance, all the tobacco leaves are dehydrated and dried, the tobacco ribs are withered, and the tobacco leaves are internally: promote the synthesis of the aroma substances and form aroma substances, reduce the contents of harmful substances, irritability and miscellaneous odor substances in the tobacco leaves, and lose water.
The dry segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the error fluctuation of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the dry segment comprises a 54 ℃ heating period and a 54 ℃ temperature stabilization period, and is used for promoting the synthesis of aroma substances and forming aroma substances, reducing the contents of harmful substances, irritation substances and miscellaneous odor substances in the tobacco leaves, and enabling all the tobacco leaves to be dehydrated and dried and the tobacco stems to wither; the heating period at 54 ℃ is to heat the real-time dry-bulb temperature in the baking room from 50.0 ℃ to 54.0 ℃, the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/h, and the wet-bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 31.5 +/-0.5 ℃; the 54 ℃ temperature rising period is that the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room is controlled to fluctuate within 54.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within 32.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilizing time is 4-12 hours, and when the tobacco leaves are uniform in chromaticity, all form a large reel and the real-time wet bulb temperature is 32.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter the dry stem section.
The dry segment is that the dry ball temperature target value at the stage is 54.0 ℃, comprises a temperature rise period and a temperature stabilization period, and is used for promoting the synthesis of aroma substances, so that all tobacco leaves are dehydrated and dried, the tobacco ribs are withered, and the fixation of color is completed; the temperature rise period is used for enabling the real-time dry-bulb temperature to rise from 50.0 ℃ to 54.0 ℃, the temperature rise time is 8 hours, the temperature rise speed is 0.55 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be achieved in each hour is controlled to be kept within +/-0.5 ℃ in the temperature rise period, the wet-bulb temperature is controlled within the range of 32.0 +/-1.0 ℃ and cannot exceed 33.0 ℃ at most, and the temperature rise progress is controlled by controlling the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise time in the temperature rise period, so that the tobacco leaves are prevented from being baked too fast in the temperature rise period; the temperature stabilization period is characterized in that the real-time dry bulb temperature is kept to fluctuate at about 54.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is kept to fluctuate within the range of 32.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and can not exceed 33.0 ℃ at most, the temperature stabilization period is used for further promoting the formation of tobacco leaf dehydration dry pieces and aroma substances, the temperature stabilization period is 4-12 hours, the specific temperature stabilization time is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in a tobacco containing chamber at a set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of tobacco leaves, when the color of the tobacco leaves is uniform, all dry pieces form large drums, the tobacco ribs wither, the completion of the stage is indicated, and the completion of the stage marks the completion of the color fixation.
Dry tendon section
The target is as follows: dry ribs on appearance, inside the tobacco leaves: volatilization and purification of the aroma substances and water loss of tobacco ribs.
The dry stem section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the error of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, and the dry stem section comprises a 68 ℃ heating period and a 68 ℃ temperature stabilization period and is used for volatilizing and purifying dry pieces, dry stems and aroma substances of tobacco leaves; the temperature rise period at 68 ℃ is that the temperature of the dry pellets in the curing barn is raised from 54.0 ℃ to 68.0 ℃, the temperature of the wet pellets is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 32.5 +/-0.5 ℃, and the temperature rise rate of the dry pellets is 1.0 ℃/h; and the temperature stabilization period at 68 ℃ is to control the dry bulb temperature in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 68.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and the wet bulb temperature to fluctuate within the range of 33.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 24-48 hours, and when no water drops exist on the observation window glass of the curing barn and the tobacco leaves and all tobacco ribs are observed from the observation window at the door edge of the tobacco loading chamber of the curing barn, the curing is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the baking process provided by the invention is strong in operability aiming at the upper tobacco leaves of Bina I, can uniformly increase the dry-bulb temperature according to a set heating rate in a heating period, can enable the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature to fluctuate within a set range in a temperature stabilizing period, can improve the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component coordination of the tobacco leaves, can increase the income of tobacco growers, and can reduce the baking cost. The dry bulb temperature target value of the 68 ℃ stage is 68.0 ℃, and the dry bulb temperature target value comprises a temperature rise period and a temperature stabilization period, and is used for the volatilization and purification processes of the dry ribs and the aroma of the tobacco leaves; the temperature rise period is to raise the real-time dry bulb temperature from 54.0 ℃ to 68.0 ℃, and comprises two temperature rise intervals: 54.0-60.0 ℃, 60.0-68.0 ℃, 54.0-60.0 ℃ for raising the real-time dry-bulb temperature from 54.0 ℃ to 60.0 ℃, the temperature raising time is 6 hours, the temperature raising speed is 1.0 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour is controlled within 1.0 ℃ in the temperature raising period, the wet-bulb temperature is controlled below 33.0 ℃ and can not exceed 34.0 ℃ at most, the temperature raising progress is controlled by the temperature raising speed and the temperature raising time in the temperature raising period, the real-time dry-bulb temperature can reach the target temperature according to a set temperature raising speed, the tobacco leaves are prevented from being baked out due to too fast temperature raising, the temperature raising period of 60.0-68.0 ℃ is used for raising the real-time dry-bulb temperature from 60.0 ℃ to 68.0 ℃, the temperature raising time is 8 hours, the temperature raising speed is 1.0 ℃/h, the difference between the real-time dry-bulb temperature and the target temperature to be reached in each hour is controlled within 1.0 ℃ in the temperature raising period, the wet-bulb temperature is kept within 34 ℃, the maximum temperature can not exceed 35 ℃, the temperature rise schedule can be adjusted by setting the temperature rise speed and the temperature rise duration in the temperature rise period, and the occurrence of the roasted red tobacco due to too fast temperature rise is avoided; the temperature stabilizing period is to keep the real-time dry bulb temperature to fluctuate at about 68.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is below 34.0 ℃ and not to exceed 35.0 ℃ at most, the temperature stabilizing period is used for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature at about 68.0 ℃ so as to accelerate the dry rib speed and the volatilization and purification of aroma, the temperature stabilizing period is 24-48 hours, the specific temperature stabilizing time is determined by the time for maintaining the real-time dry bulb temperature in the tobacco containing chamber at a set target temperature, the external environment and the maturity of tobacco leaves, when no water drop exists on the glass of the observation window and the tobacco leaf ribs viewed from the door edge observation window of the tobacco containing chamber are all dried, the completion of the tobacco leaves and the tobacco ribs is indicated, the completion of the stage indicates that the tobacco leaves are dried, and the completion of the whole baking is also indicated.
In conclusion, the baking process provided by the invention is strong in operability for the Bina No. I upper tobacco leaves, the dry bulb temperature can be uniformly increased according to the set heating rate in the heating period, the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature can be fluctuated within the set range in the temperature stabilization period, the appearance quality, the smoking quality and the chemical component coordination of the tobacco leaves can be improved, the tobacco grower income can be increased, and the baking cost can be reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (1)
1. A six-section baking process of Bina-I upper tobacco leaves comprises a yellowing section with a dry bulb temperature rising from room temperature to 38 ℃, a withering section with a dry bulb temperature rising from 38 ℃ to 42 ℃, a humidity reducing section with a dry bulb temperature rising from 42 ℃ to 46 ℃, a humidity reducing section II or a variable segment with a dry bulb temperature rising from 46 ℃ to 50 ℃, a dry segment with a dry bulb temperature rising from 50 ℃ to 54 ℃ and a dry rib section with a dry bulb temperature rising from 54 ℃ to 68 ℃ and is used for improving the appearance quality, the quality of evaluation and the chemical component coordination of the tobacco leaves, increasing the income of tobacco growers, reducing the baking cost, enhancing the stability of the baking quality and reducing the amount of damaged tobacco; the method is characterized in that:
the yellowing section is controlled by taking the temperature of the dry pellets as a target, the fluctuation error of the temperature of the dry pellets is +/-0.5 ℃, the yellowing section comprises a 30 ℃ heating period, a 38 ℃ heating period and a 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period, and is used for enabling the real-time temperature of the dry pellets in the curing barn to reach and be controlled at the optimal yellowing temperature of tobacco leaves, promoting degradation of macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves and enabling fresh green tobacco leaves to become yellow tobacco leaves through curing until the tobacco leaves reach 8-9 yellow, the 30 ℃ heating period is that the temperature in the curing barn after tobacco loading is increased to the dry pellet temperature of 30.0 ℃, the heating rate when the temperature of the dry pellets in the curing barn is lower than 20.0 ℃ is 3.0 ℃/h, the heating rate when the temperature is higher than 20.0 ℃ is 2.0 ℃/h, the 38 ℃ heating period is that the temperature of the dry pellets in the curing barn is increased from 30.0 ℃ to 38.0 ℃, the heating rate is 1.0 ℃/h, and the 38 ℃ temperature stabilization period is that the temperature in the curing barn is controlled within the range of 38.0 +/-0.5 ℃ and is between 48-24 hours, when the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves reaches 8-9 percent, the tobacco leaves can enter a withering section, the temperature value of wet balls in a baking room is SH1, and the difference between the SH1 temperature and the dry ball temperature is about 0.5 ℃;
the withering section is controlled by taking dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.4 ℃, the withering section comprises a 40 ℃ temperature rise period, a 42 ℃ temperature rise period and a 42 ℃ temperature stabilization period, and is used for completely roasting tobacco leaves to yellow and reach yellow green ribs, so that all tobacco leaves collapse frames are softened, dehydrated and dehumidified, macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves are further degraded and converted, and meanwhile aroma precursor substances are promoted to be formed and accumulated, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target in the 40 ℃ temperature rise period, the dry bulb temperature in a roasting room is increased from 38.0 ℃ to 40.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.25 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is decreased from SH1 to 37.0 ℃, the temperature decrease rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.25(SH1-37.0) ° C/h, the real-time dry bulb temperature is taken as a control target in the 42 ℃ temperature rise period, the real-time dry bulb temperature in the roasting room is increased from 40.0 ℃ to 42.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry-bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is reduced from 37.0 ℃ to 35.0 ℃, the temperature reduction rate is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature stabilization period of 42.0 ℃ takes the real-time wet-bulb temperature as a control target, the temperature of the dry bulb in the curing barn is controlled to fluctuate within 42.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is reduced from 35.0 ℃ to 33.0 ℃ and fluctuates within 34.0 +/-0.4 ℃, the temperature reduction rate of the wet-bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature stabilization duration is 12-24 hours, and when all tobacco leaves wither and collapse frames and roll edges and the temperature of the wet bulb is below 33.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter the humidity reduction section I;
the humidity reduction I section is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as targets, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation error of the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.3 ℃, the temperature rise period of 46 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 46 ℃ are included, the humidity reduction I section is used for further promoting the accumulation of aroma precondition substances in tobacco leaves and promoting the formation of aroma substances, so that tobacco ribs of the appearance of the tobacco leaves are yellowed, the tobacco leaves form small rolls, the temperature rise period of 46 ℃ is that the real-time dry bulb temperature in a baking room is increased from 42.0 ℃ to 46.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 0.125 ℃/h, the real-time wet bulb temperature is decreased from 33.0 ℃ to 31.0 ℃, the temperature decrease rate of the wet bulb temperature is 0.10 ℃/h, when the real-time wet bulb temperature is decreased to a set target value and the dry bulb temperature is still in the temperature rise period, the real-time wet bulb temperature is maintained to fluctuate within the target value +/-0.3 ℃ until the temperature rise period is over, the temperature stabilization period of 46 ℃ is that the dry bulb temperature in the baking room is controlled within the range of 46.0 +/-0.5 DEG, Controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to fluctuate within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, wherein the temperature-stabilizing duration is 4-12 hours, and when tobacco stems of tobacco leaves turn yellow, the tobacco stems are changed into small drums, and the real-time temperature of the wet bulb is maintained below 31.0 ℃, the tobacco leaves can enter a dehumidification II or variable segment;
the humidity reduction II or the variable segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the fluctuation error of the dry bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the fluctuation of the wet bulb temperature is maintained within the range of 31.0 +/-0.3 ℃, the temperature rise period of 48 ℃, the temperature rise period of 50 ℃ and the temperature stabilization period of 50 ℃ are included, the temperature rise period is used for promoting the full conversion of aroma substances in tobacco leaves and the formation of tobacco fragrance, promoting the formation of large tobacco leaf rolls, enhancing dehydration and dehumidification, the temperature rise period of 48 ℃ is used for rising the real-time dry bulb temperature in a curing barn from 46.0 ℃ to 48.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry bulb temperature is 0.125 ℃/h, the temperature rise period of 50 ℃ is used for rising the real-time dry bulb temperature in the curing barn from 48.0 ℃ to 50.0 ℃, the temperature rise rate of 50 ℃ is used for controlling the real-time dry bulb temperature in the curing barn to fluctuate within the range of 50.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is 12-24 hours, when the shape of 5-6 tobacco leaves in the curing barn is changed into large tobacco leaves and the real-time wet bulb temperature is 31.0 ℃, accessible dry fragments;
the dry segment is controlled by taking the dry bulb temperature as a target, the error fluctuation of the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature is +/-0.5 ℃, the dry bulb temperature comprises a 54 ℃ heating period and a 54 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry bulb temperature is used for promoting the synthesis of aroma substances and forming aroma substances, reducing the content of harmful substances, irritability and miscellaneous odor substances in tobacco leaves, and enabling all tobacco leaves to be dehydrated, dried and withered, the 54 ℃ heating period is used for heating the real-time dry bulb temperature in a baking room from 50.0 ℃ to 54.0 ℃, the heating rate is 0.5 ℃/h, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 31.5 +/-0.5 ℃, the 54 ℃ heating period is used for controlling the real-time dry bulb temperature in the baking room to fluctuate within the range of 54.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 32.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is between 4 and 12 hours, and the tobacco leaves can enter the dry bulb segment when the chromaticity is uniform and all the large reel is formed and the real-time wet bulb temperature is 32.0 ℃;
the dry-and-wet-bulb temperature error is +/-0.5 ℃, the dry-and-wet-bulb temperature error comprises a 68 ℃ temperature rise period and a 68 ℃ temperature stabilization period, the dry-and-wet-bulb temperature error is used for volatilizing and purifying dry pieces, dry-and-wet-bulb and aroma substances of tobacco leaves, the 68 ℃ temperature rise period is that the dry-bulb temperature in a curing barn is raised from 54.0 ℃ to 68.0 ℃, the wet-bulb temperature is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 32.5 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature rise rate of the dry-bulb temperature is 1.0 ℃/h, the 68 ℃ temperature stabilization period is that the dry-bulb temperature in the curing barn is controlled to fluctuate within the range of 68.0 +/-0.5 ℃, the temperature stabilization period is between 24 and 48 hours, and when no water bead exists on the observation window glass of the curing barn, and the tobacco leaves and the tobacco stems are all dried from the observation window of the door edge of the curing barn, the curing barn is finished.
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