CN113796557A - Tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and control system - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and control system Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 162
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 149
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
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Abstract
The invention provides a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, and belongs to the field of tobacco leaf baking. The method comprises the following steps: in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is calculated according to the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the last temperature control point and the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; aiming at the air-flow rising type curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is calculated according to the humidity of the environment of the lower barn of the curing barn corresponding to the current temperature control point and the previous temperature control point and the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; obtaining the greenhouse-feeding environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point by using a greenhouse-feeding environment temperature and humidity fitting equation; and obtaining the shed environment humidity of the curing barn corresponding to each temperature control point by using a fitted equation of the shed environment temperature and humidity of the curing barn. The invention can effectively improve the tobacco leaf baking quality and reduce the tobacco leaf baking loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf baking.
Background
Tobacco leaf curing is a process of expressing the potential quality of fresh tobacco leaves and preserving them in a dry tobacco leaf state. The core tasks of tobacco leaf baking are three: dehydration of leaves, yellowing of colour and intrinsic mass conversion. Dehydrating leaves from 80-90% of the water content of fresh tobacco leaves to 5-10% of the water content of the fresh tobacco leaves after baking; the color turns yellow, namely from green yellow of fresh tobacco leaves to orange yellow of the roasted tobacco leaves; the internal quality conversion is from the fresh tobacco leaves without the use value of the cigarette industry to the aroma, the taste and the like of the roasted tobacco leaves, which meet the use requirements of the cigarette formula. The reasonable application of the baking process is the basis of proper transformation of tobacco leaves in the baking process, wherein the baking temperature and humidity management is the core of the baking process.
The three-stage flue-cured tobacco curing process (Gongchang et al. flue-cured tobacco three-stage curing and matched technology [ M ]. scientific and technical literature publisher, 1996) was proposed in 90 years in China, the industrial standard was formed in 1996 (YC/T42-1996 flue-cured tobacco basic curing technical regulation [ S ] national tobacco agency, 1996), the tobacco curing process was divided into 3 stages of yellowing stage, color fixing stage and dry and soft stage, and dry-wet ball temperature and wet-ball temperature were used as main indexes, and dry-wet ball temperature and stabilization time in different curing stages were proposed.
With the gradual popularization of the bulk curing barn in recent years, aiming at the characteristics of large smoke loading amount, quick moisture discharge and the like, innovative integration and application [ J ] Chinese tobacco science 2012,33(5):68-73 ] and three-section six-step baking process research and application junior university [ J ] southwest academic paper 2014,38(8):189 and 193) of five-section five-corresponding (Sun Fushan and the like, five-section five-corresponding tobacco leaf aroma-baking precise process [ P ] 201210072835.9) and eight-point (Xuxihong and the like, 8-point precise bulk curing process [ J ] are successively provided. The baking method divides the baking stage more finely on the basis of a three-stage process, and provides more corresponding points of the baking dry bulb temperature and the baking wet bulb temperature.
According to the related reports of the current baking process, the division of the baking stage and the setting of the process conditions mainly take the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as indexes, and the tobacco leaf conversion in the baking process is promoted by setting the dry bulb temperature, the wet bulb temperature and the stabilization time. This presents two problems: firstly, the hardware of the dry-wet bulb thermometer has the defects that the problems of complicated environment, large temperature change, water shortage of a wet bulb kettle, gauze pollution and the like in the baking process cause inaccurate measurement of wet bulb temperature and even data loss, the baking quality of tobacco leaves is greatly influenced, tobacco leaves are easily browned due to overhigh wet bulb temperature, impure tobacco leaves are formed, the baking and conversion of the tobacco leaves are easily insufficient due to overlow wet bulb temperature, the baked tobacco leaves are formed, and the baking loss is increased; on the other hand, the existing baking process is a staged temperature and humidity control process, that is, the dry-wet bulb temperature of any stage lasts for a certain time, the temperature is changed to the dry-wet bulb temperature of the next stage and then lasts for a certain time, and the process is repeated until the tobacco leaves are baked and dried. The tobacco leaves are dynamic continuous processes of yellowing and drying during the baking process, and due to the complexity of baking characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves of different varieties and different maturity, the tobacco leaves are yellowed and dried incoordinately due to the staged temperature and humidity control, namely the tobacco leaves are baked green due to slow water loss caused by yellowing, and the tobacco leaves are baked black due to slow water loss caused by yellowing.
Therefore, how to realize more accurate regulation and control of the temperature and the humidity of the baking environment enables the yellowing and the water loss of the tobacco leaves and the conversion of internal chemical components to be more coordinated in the baking process, and has important significance for improving the baking quality of the tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, which can solve the problems of yellowing and inconsistent dehydration of tobacco leaves in the baking process of the conventional staged humidity control and temperature control tobacco leaf baking method, effectively improve the baking quality of the tobacco leaves and reduce the baking loss of the tobacco leaves.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, which comprises the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
the system comprises a curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, a plurality of groups of curing barn upper shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn upper shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, and a plurality of groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow ascending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-control baking control method has the beneficial effects that: considering the difference of the type of the curing barn and the temperature and humidity change of different barn times in the curing process, a barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow descending type curing barn, a barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow ascending type curing barn, and the tobacco dynamic humidity control curing control is realized based on the established environment temperature and humidity fitting equation. The tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature maintenance time corresponding to each temperature control point, because the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the environment humidity of the upper shed/the lower shed of the curing barn corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature maintenance time of the current temperature control point and the environment humidity of the upper shed/the lower shed of the curing barn corresponding to the previous temperature control point, the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point is different, and the environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point is dynamically reduced in the baking process, compared with the prior staged temperature and humidity control, the invention can solve the problem of tobacco leaf yellowing and water loss discordance in the baking process, is beneficial to the harmony of tobacco leaf yellowing, drying and baking fragrance, can effectively improve the baking quality of the tobacco leaves, reduce the baking loss of the tobacco leaves, improve the first-grade tobacco proportion after baking, and improve the softness and structural looseness degree of the leaves, and more refined environment regulation and control in the baking process are realized.
Further, in the above tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, the fitting equation is a quadratic equation of one unit, and fitting is performed in a multiple regression manner.
Further, in the above method for controlling the dynamic humidity control baking of tobacco leaves, for a downward airflow type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is (the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the last temperature control point-the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; for the airflow ascending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is (the humidity of the environment of the curing barn lower than the previous temperature control point-the humidity of the environment of the curing barn lower than the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point.
Further, in the above tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, there are 14 temperature control points in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the value ranges of the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point and the temperature holding time of each temperature control point are as follows:
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 1 st temperature control point is 36.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 2 nd temperature control point is 38.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 20-48 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 3 rd temperature control point is 40.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 4 th temperature control point is 42.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 5 th temperature control point is 44.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 6 th temperature control point is 46.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 7 th temperature control point is 48.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 8 th temperature control point is 50.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 9 th temperature control point is 52.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the 10 th temperature control point corresponds to the baking room environment temperature of 54.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 11 th temperature control point is 56.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 12 th temperature control point is 60.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 13 th temperature control point is 64.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 14 th temperature control point is 68.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 24-36 h.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room upper shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through an integrated temperature and humidity sensor which is arranged on the air flow descending type baking room upper shed.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: compared with the prior art that a dry and wet bulb thermometer is used for measuring the environmental temperature and the environmental humidity, the invention can realize the accurate measurement of the environmental temperature and the environmental humidity by utilizing the temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and solves the problems of inaccurate measurement of the wet bulb temperature, even data loss, large baking loss and the like caused by the problems of water shortage of a wet bulb kettle, gauze pollution and the like.
Further, in the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on an air flow rising type baking room lower shed.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room upper shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors, and the plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged at different positions of the airflow descending baking room upper shed.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are adopted for data acquisition, and the average value of data acquired by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors is used as data for fitting, so that the precision of a fitting equation can be improved.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are acquired through a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors, and the plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged at different positions of the airflow rising type baking room lower shed.
The invention also provides a tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control system which comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the environment temperature of the baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco baking process, and the controller is used for realizing the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-controlling baking control method in the embodiment of the method of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling the dynamic humidity control baking of the tobacco leaves of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
in this embodiment, considering that the types of the curing barn (including the airflow descending type curing barn and the airflow ascending type curing barn) and the temperature and humidity changes of the curing barn in different shed times in the curing process are different (the curing barn is generally divided into an upper shed, a middle shed and a lower shed), a greenhouse-on environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow descending type curing barn, a greenhouse-off environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow ascending type curing barn, and the tobacco dynamic humidity control curing control is realized based on the established environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
Specifically, aiming at the air flow falling type curing barn, at least two temperature and humidity integrated sensors (for example, 6 temperature and humidity integrated sensors with the precision of 0.1 ℃) are arranged on the upper shed of the air flow falling type curing barn, the arrangement positions of the sensors are different, in the whole actual curing process of the air flow falling type curing barn, each temperature and humidity integrated sensor collects the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity of the position of the temperature and humidity integrated sensor at different moments, for example, the collection frequency is not lower than one/5 min, the average value of the environmental temperatures collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same moment is used as the temperature of the upper shed of the curing barn at the moment, the average value of the environmental humidity collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same moment is used as the environmental humidity of the upper shed of the curing barn at the moment, and a plurality of groups of temperature data and corresponding humidity data of the upper shed of the curing barn are obtained, establishing a data set in which the greenhouse-feeding environment temperature of the curing barn and the greenhouse-feeding environment humidity of the curing barn correspond to each other one by one from the beginning of curing to the end of curing; the method comprises the steps of fitting multiple groups of baking room shed-feeding environment temperature data and corresponding baking room shed-feeding environment humidity data in the whole actual baking process of the airflow descent type baking room to obtain a baking room shed-feeding environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
Aiming at the air flow rising type curing barn, at least two temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged on the lower shed of the air flow rising type curing barn, the arrangement positions of the sensors are different, in the whole actual baking process of the air-flow rising type baking room, each temperature and humidity integrated sensor collects the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity of the position of each temperature and humidity integrated sensor at different moments, the average value of the environmental temperatures collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same moment is used as the environmental temperature of the shed of the baking room at the moment, the average value of the environmental humidity collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same moment is used as the environmental humidity of the shed of the baking room at the moment, thereby obtaining a plurality of groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data, and establishing a data set in which the curing barn upper shed environment temperature and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity are in one-to-one correspondence from the beginning of baking to the end of baking; the shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation under the curing barn is obtained by fitting multiple groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow rising type curing barn.
As other embodiments, a temperature and humidity integrated sensor can be arranged on the upper shed of the airflow descent type curing barn, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is used for collecting the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity of the upper shed of the curing barn at different moments in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descent type curing barn, so that a plurality of groups of temperature data and corresponding humidity data of the environment of the upper shed of the curing barn are obtained, and a temperature and humidity fitting equation of the environment of the upper shed of the curing barn is obtained through fitting; the temperature and humidity integrated sensor can be arranged on the lower shed of the airflow rising type curing barn, the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is utilized to collect the ambient temperature of the lower shed of the curing barn at different moments and the corresponding ambient humidity in the actual curing overall process of the airflow rising type curing barn, so that multiple groups of curing barn lower shed ambient temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed ambient humidity data are obtained, and then a shed ambient temperature and humidity fitting equation under the curing barn is obtained through fitting.
The tobacco leaf is baked by using the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method of the embodiment, and the effectiveness of the method of the embodiment is verified by analyzing the quality condition of the baked tobacco leaf.
Baking experiment 1:
(1) experiment design:
the experimental flue-curing barn is an airflow descending type flue-curing barn, the tested flue-cured tobacco variety is medium tobacco 100, field blocks which are flat in terrain and are planted in a connected mode are selected, and the middle tobacco leaves and the upper tobacco leaves are harvested once after meeting the local normal mature harvesting standard. In order to ensure the quality of fresh tobacco processed by different baking methods to be consistent, about 300 pieces of tobacco leaves with basically consistent mature characteristics are selected and respectively put into two baking rooms for normal baking. The two curing rooms adopt different curing methods, one curing room adopts the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment, the other curing room adopts a local conventional three-section type curing method, the quality grade of the cured tobacco leaves is analyzed and evaluated after the cured tobacco leaves are normally remoistened, and the quality grade of the cured tobacco leaves is evaluated according to GB2635-92 in the embodiment.
The process of tobacco leaf curing by the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment is described as follows:
because the roast room for the experiment is the air current decline formula roast room, consequently need the roast room of fitting to go up canopy environment humiture fitting equation, this embodiment adopts the multivariate regression mode to carry out the fitting to the roast room of canopy environment temperature data and corresponding roast room of canopy environment humiture data on the multiunit roast room of this air current decline formula roast room actual toasting overall process, obtains this roast room of canopy environment humiture fitting equation and is: y is 0.0887X2-11.887X+413.15，R20.99, wherein X is the ambient temperature of the curing barn, the value range is 36-68, and the unit is; y is the humidity of the environment on the barn with the unit of percent;
then substituting the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process into a curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation Y which is 0.0887X2-11.887X +413.15, obtaining the humidity of the environment on the barn corresponding to each temperature control point, and showing in table 1:
table 1 air-flow descending type baking room ambient temperature and humidity corresponding to each temperature control point in baking process of baking room
In table 1, a column in which the humidity removal rate is located represents a calculation method of the humidity removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point, and it can be seen that, from the 2 nd temperature control point, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is (the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the last temperature control point-the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; the column in which the temperature holding time is located represents the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point.
Finally, the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in the table 1 and the general value of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point of local tobacco leaf curing are combined to determine the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point, and the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point is obtained through calculation and is shown in the table 2; in the tobacco leaf baking process, the tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point in the table 2 until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the final temperature control point is baked.
TABLE 2 moisture removal rate and temperature retention time corresponding to each temperature control point in the air-flow-down baking process of the baking room
In Table 2, "-" indicates that no moisture was discharged at the 1 st temperature control point. "36 h (middle part)" represents that the tobacco leaves are kept for 36h at the 2 nd temperature control point if the middle tobacco leaves are roasted, and "48 h (upper part)" represents that the tobacco leaves are kept for 48h at the 2 nd temperature control point if the upper tobacco leaves are roasted, wherein the temperature keeping time of the middle tobacco leaves and the upper tobacco leaves at the 2 nd temperature control point is determined by combining the general value of the temperature keeping time of the local middle tobacco leaves and the local upper tobacco leaves at 38 ℃, and the temperature keeping time of the local upper tobacco leaves at 38 ℃ is generally 6-12 h longer than that of the middle tobacco leaves. Taking the 3 rd temperature control point as an example, the curing barn environmental temperature corresponding to the current temperature control point is 40 ℃, the curing barn upper shed environmental humidity is 79.6%, the curing barn environmental temperature corresponding to the previous temperature control point is 38 ℃, the curing barn upper shed environmental humidity is 89.5%, the temperature keeping time of the current temperature control point is 12h, the moisture discharging rate is (89.5% -79.6%)/12 h is 0.825%/h, namely, the curing barn is baked for 12h at the 3 rd temperature control point according to the moisture discharging rate of 0.825%/h, and the environmental humidity of the curing barn is dynamically reduced in the temperature keeping time period of the temperature control point. As can be seen from Table 2, the moisture removal rates corresponding to each temperature control point were different.
The local conventional three-stage baking method was used as a control method for the method of this example, and is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 local conventional three-stage roasting method
(2) Results of the experiment
The evaluation results of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 appearance grade composition of tobacco leaves after two baking methods
As can be seen from table 4: the appearance grade and quality of the tobacco leaves after being baked by the method are obviously improved compared with those of the tobacco leaves baked by the contrast method, and the tobacco leaves at the two parts are consistent in rule. Compared with the comparison method, the method has the advantages that the proportion of middle green mottled tobacco leaves (grades of C3V and CX 2K) is reduced by about 6 percentage points, and the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves (grades of C2F and C3F) is improved by about 20 percentage points; the proportion of the upper green mottled tobacco leaves (B2K and B2V) is reduced by about 12 percentage points, and the proportion of the upper green mottled tobacco leaves (B1F and B2F grades) is improved by about 17 percentage points.
Baking experiment 2:
(1) experiment design:
the barn is an air-flow-up type barn, the tested flue-cured tobacco variety is Yunyan 97, the field with flat terrain and continuous planting is selected, and the middle tobacco leaf and the upper tobacco leaf are harvested once after reaching the normal local mature harvesting standard. In order to ensure that fresh tobacco processed by different baking methods has consistent quality, about 300 pieces of tobacco with basically consistent mature characteristics are selected and respectively put into two baking rooms for normal baking, the two baking rooms adopt different baking methods, one baking room adopts the dynamic humidity control baking method of the embodiment, the other baking room adopts a local conventional three-stage baking method, after the tobacco is normally remoistened after baking, the quality grade of the baked tobacco is analyzed and evaluated, and the embodiment evaluates the quality grade of the baked tobacco according to GB 2635-92.
The process of tobacco leaf curing by the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment is described as follows:
because the roast room for the experiments is the air current rising formula roast room, consequently need the roast room of fitting shed environment humiture fitting equation down, the embodiment adopts the multivariate regression mode to carry out the fitting to the roast room of shed environment temperature data under the multiunit roast room of the air current rising formula roast room actual toasting overall process and the corresponding roast room under shed environment humiture data, and the roast room of canopy environment humiture fitting equation is down obtained: y is 0.0892X2-11.942X+414.92，R20.99, wherein Y is the humidity of the greenhouse environment under the curing barn, and the unit is; x is the ambient temperature of the curing barn, the value range is 36-68, and the unit is;
then, substituting the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process into a curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation Y which is 0.0892X2-11.942X +414.92, obtaining the humidity of the shed environment of the curing barn corresponding to each temperature control point, and showing in table 5:
table 5. temperature and humidity of the baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the baking process of the air-flow ascending baking room
Finally, the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in the table 5 and the general value of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in local tobacco leaf curing are combined to determine the temperature holding time of each temperature control point, and the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point is obtained through calculation, which is shown in the table 6; in the tobacco leaf baking process, the tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point in the table 6 until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the final temperature control point is baked.
TABLE 6 moisture removal rate and temperature retention time corresponding to each temperature control point in the baking process of the air-flow-rising baking room
The local conventional three-stage baking method was used as a control method for the method of this example, and is shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 local conventional three-stage baking method
(2) Results of the experiment
The evaluation results of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are shown in Table 8:
TABLE 8 appearance grade composition of tobacco leaves after two baking methods
As can be seen from table 8: the appearance grade and quality of the tobacco leaves after being baked by the method are improved compared with those of the tobacco leaves baked by the contrast method, and the tobacco leaves at the two parts are consistent in rule. Compared with the comparison method, the method has the advantages that the middle green mottled tobacco (grades of C3V and CX 2K) is reduced by about 8 percentage points compared with the comparison method, and the proportion of first-class tobacco (grades of C2F and C3F) is improved by about 13 percentage points; the upper green mottled tobacco leaves (B2V, B2K) are reduced by about 9 percentage points compared with the control, and the proportion of the first-class tobacco (B1F, B2F grades) is improved by about 10 percentage points.
The embodiment of the system is as follows:
the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system of the embodiment comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the controller is used for realizing a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method.
Claims (9)
1. A tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
the system comprises a curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, a plurality of groups of curing barn upper shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn upper shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, and a plurality of groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow ascending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
2. The method for controlling the dynamic moisture-controlling curing of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the fitting equation is a quadratic equation of one degree, and is fitted by a multiple regression method.
3. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-controlling baking control method according to claim 2, wherein for the air-flow descending curing barn, the humidity-discharging rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is (the humidity of the barn upper shed environment corresponding to the previous temperature control point-the humidity of the barn upper shed environment corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; for the airflow ascending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is (the humidity of the environment of the curing barn lower than the previous temperature control point-the humidity of the environment of the curing barn lower than the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point.
4. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-control baking control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, there are 14 temperature-control points in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the value ranges of the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature-control point and the temperature holding time of each temperature-control point are as follows:
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 1 st temperature control point is 36.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 2 nd temperature control point is 38.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 20-48 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 3 rd temperature control point is 40.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 4 th temperature control point is 42.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 5 th temperature control point is 44.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 6 th temperature control point is 46.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 7 th temperature control point is 48.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 8 th temperature control point is 50.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 9 th temperature control point is 52.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the 10 th temperature control point corresponds to the baking room environment temperature of 54.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 11 th temperature control point is 56.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 12 th temperature control point is 60.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 13 th temperature control point is 64.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 14 th temperature control point is 68.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 24-36 h.
5. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room ceiling environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is acquired by a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on the air-flow-down baking room ceiling.
6. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation is acquired by a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on the air-flow rising type baking room lower shed.
7. The tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used to fit the baking room ceiling environment temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected by a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors disposed at different positions of the ceiling of the airflow descent type baking room.
8. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected by a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors, and the plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged at different positions of the air flow rising type baking room lower shed.
9. A tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system is characterized by comprising a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the environment temperature of a baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the controller is used for realizing the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Effective date of registration: 20240205 Address after: High tech Zone Fengyang street 450001 Henan city of Zhengzhou province No. 2 Patentee after: ZHENGZHOU TOBACCO Research Institute OF CNTC Country or region after: China Patentee after: SHANGHAI TOBACCO GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: High tech Zone Fengyang street 450001 Henan city of Zhengzhou province No. 2 Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU TOBACCO Research Institute OF CNTC Country or region before: China |