CN113796557B - Tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and control system - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and control system Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 145
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
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Abstract
The invention provides a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, and belongs to the field of tobacco leaf baking. The method comprises the following steps: in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the current temperature control point, the curing barn upper shed environment humidity corresponding to the last temperature control point and the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; aiming at the air-flow rising type curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is calculated according to the humidity of the environment of the lower barn of the curing barn corresponding to the current temperature control point and the previous temperature control point and the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; obtaining the greenhouse-feeding environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point by utilizing a greenhouse-feeding environment temperature and humidity fitting equation; and obtaining the shed environment humidity of the curing barn corresponding to each temperature control point by utilizing a fitted equation of the shed environment temperature and humidity of the curing barn. The invention can effectively improve the tobacco leaf baking quality and reduce the tobacco leaf baking loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf baking.
Background
Tobacco leaf curing is a process of expressing the potential quality of fresh tobacco leaves and preserving them in a dry tobacco leaf state. The core tasks of tobacco leaf baking are three: dehydration of leaves, yellowing of colour and intrinsic mass conversion. Dehydrating leaves from 80-90% of the water content of fresh tobacco leaves to 5-10% of the water content of the fresh tobacco leaves after baking; the color turns yellow, namely from green yellow of fresh tobacco leaves to orange yellow of the roasted tobacco leaves; the internal quality conversion is from the fresh tobacco leaves without the use value of the cigarette industry to the aroma, the taste and the like of the roasted tobacco leaves, which meet the use requirements of the cigarette formula. The reasonable application of the baking process is the basis of proper transformation of tobacco leaves in the baking process, wherein the baking temperature and humidity management is the core of the baking process.
The three-stage flue-cured tobacco curing process (Gongchang et al. Flue-cured tobacco three-stage curing and matched technology [ M ]. Scientific and technical literature publisher, 1996) was proposed in 90 years in China, the industrial standard was formed in 1996 (YC/T42-1996 flue-cured tobacco basic curing technical regulation [ S ] national tobacco agency, 1996), the tobacco curing process was divided into 3 stages of yellowing stage, color fixing stage and dry and soft stage, and dry-wet ball temperature and wet-ball temperature were used as main indexes, and dry-wet ball temperature and stabilization time in different curing stages were proposed.
With the gradual popularization of the bulk curing barn in recent years, aiming at the characteristics of large smoke loading amount, quick moisture discharge and the like, innovative integration and application [ J ] Chinese tobacco science, 2012,33 (5): 68-73 ] of a five-section five-corresponding tobacco leaf aroma-baking dense baking precise process and baking processes such as three-section six-step type (Wangburg et al, three-section six-step type baking process research and application first newspaper [ J ] southwest university proceedings, 2014,38 (8): 189-193) of a five-section five-corresponding (Sun Fushan et al, five-section five-corresponding tobacco leaf aroma-baking precise process [ P ]. 201210072835.9) and eight-section (Xuxihong et al.: 8-point precise dense baking process) are successively provided. On the basis of a three-stage process, the baking method divides the baking stage more finely, and provides more corresponding points of the dry-bulb baking temperature and the wet-bulb baking temperature.
According to the related reports of the current baking process, the division of the baking stage and the setting of the process conditions mainly take the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature as indexes, and the tobacco leaf conversion in the baking process is promoted by setting the dry bulb temperature, the wet bulb temperature and the stabilization time. This presents two problems: firstly, the hardware of the dry-wet bulb thermometer has the defects that the problems of complicated environment, large temperature change, water shortage of a wet bulb kettle, gauze pollution and the like in the baking process cause inaccurate measurement of the wet bulb temperature and even data loss, the baking quality of tobacco leaves is greatly influenced, tobacco leaves are easily browned due to overhigh wet bulb temperature, mottled tobacco leaves are formed, the baking conversion of the tobacco leaves is easily insufficient due to overlow wet bulb temperature, the baked green tobacco leaves are formed, and the baking loss is increased; on the other hand, the existing baking process is a staged temperature and humidity control process, that is, the dry-wet bulb temperature of any stage lasts for a certain time, the temperature is changed to the dry-wet bulb temperature of the next stage and then lasts for a certain time, and the process is repeated until the tobacco leaves are baked and dried. The tobacco leaves are dynamic continuous processes of yellowing and drying during the baking process, and due to the complexity of baking characteristics of fresh tobacco leaves of different varieties and different maturity, the tobacco leaves are yellowed and dried incoordinately due to the staged temperature and humidity control, namely the tobacco leaves are baked green due to slow water loss caused by yellowing, and the tobacco leaves are baked black due to slow water loss caused by yellowing.
Therefore, how to realize more accurate regulation and control of the temperature and the humidity of the baking environment enables the yellowing and the water loss of the tobacco leaves and the conversion of internal chemical components to be more coordinated in the baking process, and has important significance for improving the baking quality of the tobacco leaves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method and a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system, which can solve the problems of yellowing and inconsistent dehydration of tobacco leaves in the baking process of the conventional staged humidity control and temperature control tobacco leaf baking method, effectively improve the baking quality of the tobacco leaves and reduce the baking loss of the tobacco leaves.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, which comprises the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
the system comprises a curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, a plurality of groups of curing barn upper shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn upper shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, and a plurality of groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow ascending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-control baking control method has the beneficial effects that: considering the difference of the type of the curing barn and the temperature and humidity change of different barn times in the curing process, a barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow descending type curing barn, a barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow ascending type curing barn, and the tobacco dynamic humidity control curing control is realized based on the established environment temperature and humidity fitting equation. The tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point, and the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the upper shed/lower shed environmental humidity of the baking room corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the upper shed/lower shed environmental humidity of the baking room corresponding to the previous temperature control point, so that the moisture removal rates corresponding to the temperature control points are different, and the environmental humidity corresponding to each temperature control point in the baking process is dynamically reduced.
Further, in the above tobacco dynamic moisture control baking control method, the fitting equation is a quadratic equation of one unit, and fitting is performed by a multiple regression method.
Further, in the above tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, for the air-flow descending flue-curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point = (the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the last temperature control point-the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; for the airflow ascending curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point = (the humidity of the lower shed environment of the curing barn corresponding to the last temperature control point-the humidity of the lower shed environment of the curing barn corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point.
Further, in the above tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, there are 14 temperature control points in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the value ranges of the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point and the temperature holding time of each temperature control point are as follows:
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 1 st temperature control point is 36.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-16 h;
the temperature of the roasting room corresponding to the 2 nd temperature control point is 38.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 20-48 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 3 rd temperature control point is 40.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 4 th temperature control point is 42.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 5 th temperature control point is 44.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 6 th temperature control point is 46.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 7 th temperature control point is 48.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 8 th temperature control point is 50.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0 h-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 9 th temperature control point is 52.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the 10 th temperature control point corresponds to the baking room environment temperature of 54.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 11 th temperature control point is 56.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 12 th temperature control point is 60.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 13 th temperature control point is 64.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 14 th temperature control point is 68.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 24-36 h.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room upper shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through an integrated temperature and humidity sensor which is arranged on the airflow descending baking room upper shed.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: compared with the conventional method for measuring the environment temperature and the environment humidity by using a dry-wet bulb thermometer, the method can realize the accurate measurement of the environment temperature and the environment humidity by using the temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and solves the problems of inaccurate measurement of the wet bulb temperature, even data loss, large baking loss and the like caused by the problems of water shortage of a wet bulb kettle, gauze pollution and the like.
Further, in the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method, environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on an air flow rising type baking room lower shed.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room upper shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected through a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors, and the plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged at different positions of the airflow descending baking room upper shed.
The beneficial effects of doing so are: a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are adopted for data acquisition, and the average value of data acquired by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors is used as fitting data, so that the accuracy of a fitting equation can be improved.
Further, in the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method, environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are acquired through a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors, and the plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged at different positions of the airflow rising type baking room lower shed.
The invention also provides a tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control system which comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the environment temperature of the baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco baking process, and the controller is used for realizing the tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method in the method embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the method for controlling the dynamic humidity control baking of the tobacco leaves of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on the tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
in this embodiment, considering that the types of the curing barn (including the airflow descending type curing barn and the airflow ascending type curing barn) and the temperature and humidity changes of the curing barn in different shed times in the curing process are different (the curing barn is generally divided into an upper shed, a middle shed and a lower shed), a curing barn greenhouse upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow descending type curing barn, a curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is established for the airflow ascending type curing barn, and the tobacco dynamic humidity control curing control is realized based on the established environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
Specifically, aiming at an airflow descending type curing barn, at least two temperature and humidity integrated sensors (for example, 6 temperature and humidity integrated sensors with the precision of 0.1 ℃) are arranged on an upper shed of the airflow descending type curing barn, the arrangement positions of the sensors are different, in the actual baking whole process of the airflow descending type curing barn, each temperature and humidity integrated sensor acquires the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity at the position of each sensor at different time, for example, the acquisition frequency is not lower than one/5 min, the average value of the environmental temperatures acquired by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same time is used as the temperature of the upper shed of the curing barn at the time, the average value of the environmental humidity acquired by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same time is used as the temperature of the upper shed of the curing barn at the time, so that a plurality of groups of temperature data of the upper shed of the curing barn and corresponding data of the temperature and the humidity of the upper shed of the curing barn from the beginning to the end of baking are established, and the data sets of the temperature and the humidity of the upper shed of the baking barn are in one-to-one correspondence; the method comprises the steps of fitting multiple groups of baking room shed-feeding environment temperature data and corresponding baking room shed-feeding environment humidity data in the whole actual baking process of the airflow descent type baking room to obtain a baking room shed-feeding environment temperature and humidity fitting equation.
Aiming at an airflow rising type curing barn, at least two temperature and humidity integrated sensors are arranged on a lower barn through the airflow rising type curing barn, the arrangement positions of the sensors are different, in the whole actual curing process of the airflow rising type curing barn, each temperature and humidity integrated sensor collects the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity at the position of the sensor at different time, the average value of the environmental temperature collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same time is used as the environmental temperature of the lower barn of the curing barn at the time, the average value of the environmental humidity collected by all the temperature and humidity integrated sensors at the same time is used as the environmental humidity of the lower barn of the curing barn at the time, so that a plurality of groups of data of the environmental temperature and the corresponding data of the environmental humidity of the lower barn of the curing barn are obtained, and a data set corresponding to one by one is established from the environmental temperature of the upper and the lower barn from the beginning of curing to the end of curing; and fitting the multiple groups of shed environment temperature data of the curing barn and the corresponding shed environment humidity data of the curing barn in the whole actual curing process of the airflow rising type curing barn to obtain a shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation under the curing barn.
As other embodiments, a temperature and humidity integrated sensor can be arranged on the upper shed of the airflow descent type curing barn, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is used for collecting the environmental temperature and the corresponding environmental humidity of the upper shed of the curing barn at different moments in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descent type curing barn, so that a plurality of groups of temperature data and corresponding humidity data of the environment of the upper shed of the curing barn are obtained, and a temperature and humidity fitting equation of the environment of the upper shed of the curing barn is obtained through fitting; the temperature and humidity integrated sensor can be arranged on the lower shed of the air-flow rising type curing barn, the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is utilized to collect the environmental temperature of the lower shed of the curing barn at different moments and the corresponding environmental humidity in the whole actual baking process of the air-flow rising type curing barn, so that multiple groups of curing barn lower shed environmental temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environmental humidity data are obtained, and then a greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation under the curing barn is obtained through fitting.
The tobacco leaf is baked by using the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method of the embodiment, and the effectiveness of the method of the embodiment is verified by analyzing the quality condition of the baked tobacco leaf.
Baking experiment 1:
(1) Experiment design:
the experimental flue-curing barn is an airflow descending type flue-curing barn, the tested flue-cured tobacco variety is medium tobacco 100, field blocks which are flat in terrain and are planted in a connected mode are selected, and the middle tobacco leaves and the upper tobacco leaves are harvested once after meeting the local normal mature harvesting standard. In order to ensure the quality of fresh tobacco processed by different baking methods to be consistent, 300 pieces of tobacco leaves with basically consistent mature characteristics are selected and respectively put into two baking rooms for normal baking. The two curing rooms adopt different curing methods, one curing room adopts the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment, the other curing room adopts a local conventional three-section type curing method, the quality grade of the cured tobacco leaves is analyzed and evaluated after the cured tobacco leaves are normally remoistened, and the quality grade of the cured tobacco leaves is evaluated according to GB2635-92 in the embodiment.
The process of tobacco leaf curing by the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment is described as follows:
because the roast room for the experiment is the air current decline formula roast room, consequently need the roast room of fit to go up canopy environment humiture fitting equation, this embodiment adopts the multiple regression mode to the roast room of this air current decline formula roast room actual toast in the overall process on canopy environment temperature data and the corresponding roast room on canopy environment humidity data fit, obtains that this roast room is gone up canopy environment humiture fitting equation and is: y =0.0887X 2 -11.887X+413.15，R 2 =0.99, wherein X is the ambient temperature of the curing barn, the value range is 36-68, and the unit is; y is the humidity of the environment on the barn with the unit of percent;
then, substituting the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process into a curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation Y =0.0887X 2 Obtaining the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse of the curing barn corresponding to each temperature control point in-11.887X +413.15, which is shown in table 1:
table 1 air-flow descending type baking room ambient temperature and humidity corresponding to each temperature control point in baking process of baking room
In table 1, a column in which the humidity removal rate is located represents a calculation method of the humidity removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point, and it can be seen that, from the 2 nd temperature control point, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point = (the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the last temperature control point-the humidity of the environment on the greenhouse corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature retention time of the current temperature control point; the column in which the temperature holding time is located represents the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point.
Finally, the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in the table 1 and the general value of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point of local tobacco leaf curing are combined to determine the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point, and the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point is obtained through calculation and is shown in the table 2; in the tobacco leaf baking process, the tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point in the table 2 until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the final temperature control point is baked.
TABLE 2 moisture removal rate and temperature retention time corresponding to each temperature control point in the air-flow-down baking process of the baking room
In Table 2, "-" indicates that no moisture was discharged at the 1 st temperature control point. "36h (middle)" represents that 36h is maintained at the 2 nd temperature control point if middle tobacco leaves are flue-cured, "48h (upper)" represents that 48h is maintained at the 2 nd temperature control point if upper tobacco leaves are flue-cured, wherein the temperature maintaining time of the middle tobacco leaves and the upper tobacco leaves at the 2 nd temperature control point is determined by combining the general values of the temperature maintaining time of the local middle tobacco leaves and the local upper tobacco leaves at 38 ℃, and the temperature maintaining time of the local upper tobacco leaves at 38 ℃ is generally 6 to 12h longer than that of the middle tobacco leaves. Taking the 3 rd temperature control point as an example, if the ambient temperature of the baking room corresponding to the current temperature control point is 40 ℃, the ambient humidity on the baking room is 79.6%, the ambient temperature of the baking room corresponding to the last temperature control point is 38 ℃, the ambient humidity on the baking room is 89.5%, and the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point is 12h, the moisture removal rate = (89.5% -79.6%)/12h =0.825%/h, that is, the baking is performed at the 3 rd temperature control point for 12h according to the moisture removal rate of 0.825%/h, and the ambient humidity of the baking room is dynamically reduced within the temperature holding time period of the temperature control point. As can be seen from table 2, the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point was different.
The local conventional three-stage baking method was used as a control method for the method of this example, and is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 local conventional three-stage roasting method
(2) Results of the experiment
The evaluation results of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 appearance grade composition of tobacco leaves after two baking methods
As can be seen from table 4: the appearance grade and quality of the tobacco leaves after being roasted by the method are obviously improved compared with those of the tobacco leaves roasted by the method of the embodiment, and the rules of the tobacco leaves at the two parts are consistent. Compared with the comparison method, the method has the advantages that the proportion of middle green mottled tobacco leaves (C3V and CX2K grades) is reduced by about 6 percentage points, and the proportion of first-class tobacco leaves (C2F and C3F grades) is improved by about 20 percentage points; the proportion of the upper green mottled tobacco leaves (B2K and B2V) is reduced by about 12 percentage points, and the proportion of the first-class tobacco leaves (B1F and B2F grades) is improved by about 17 percentage points.
Baking experiment 2:
(1) Experiment design:
the curing barn is an air-flow rising curing barn, the tested flue-cured tobacco variety is Yunyan tobacco 97, field blocks which are flat in terrain and are planted in a connected mode are selected, and middle tobacco leaves and upper tobacco leaves are harvested for one time after meeting the local normal mature harvesting standard. In order to ensure that fresh tobacco processed by different baking methods has consistent quality, about 300 pieces of tobacco with basically consistent mature characteristics are selected and respectively put into two baking rooms for normal baking, the two baking rooms adopt different baking methods, one baking room adopts the dynamic humidity control baking method of the embodiment, the other baking room adopts a local conventional three-stage baking method, after the tobacco is normally remoistened after baking, the quality grade of the baked tobacco is analyzed and evaluated, and the embodiment evaluates the quality grade of the baked tobacco according to GB 2635-92.
The process of tobacco leaf curing by the dynamic humidity control curing method of the embodiment is described as follows:
as the experimental curing barn is an airflow ascending type curing barn, the experimental curing barn needs to be usedShed environment humiture fitting equation under fitting roast room, this embodiment adopts the many first regression modes to shed environment temperature data and corresponding roast room under the multiunit roast room of the air current rising formula roast room actual toast overall process under shed environment humidity data fit, obtains under the roast room shed environment humiture fitting equation and is: y =0.0892X 2 -11.942X+414.92，R 2 =0.99, wherein Y is the humidity of the greenhouse environment under the hothouse, and the unit is%; x is the environment temperature of the curing barn, the value range is 36-68, and the unit is;
then, substituting the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process into a fitting equation Y =0.0892X of the temperature and humidity of the environment of the lower shed of the curing barn 2 Obtaining the humidity of the lower shed environment of the curing barn corresponding to each temperature control point in-11.942X +414.92, and referring to the table 5:
table 5. Temperature and humidity of the baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the baking process of the air-flow ascending baking room
Finally, the value range of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in the table 5 and the general value of the temperature holding time of each temperature control point in local tobacco leaf curing are combined to determine the temperature holding time of each temperature control point, and the moisture removal rate corresponding to each temperature control point is obtained through calculation, and is shown in the table 6; in the tobacco leaf baking process, the tobacco leaves are baked according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point in the table 6 until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the final temperature control point is baked.
TABLE 6 humidity removal rate and temperature retention time corresponding to each temperature control point in the air-flow rising baking process of the curing barn
The local conventional three-stage baking method was used as a control method for the method of this example, and is shown in table 7:
TABLE 7 local conventional three-stage roasting method
(2) Results of the experiment
The evaluation results of the flue-cured tobacco leaves are shown in Table 8:
TABLE 8 appearance grade composition of tobacco leaves after two baking methods
As can be seen from table 8: the appearance grade and quality of the tobacco leaves after being baked by the method are improved compared with those of the tobacco leaves baked by the contrast method, and the tobacco leaves at the two parts are consistent in rule. Compared with the comparison method, the method has the advantages that the middle green mottled tobacco (C3V and CX2K grades) is reduced by about 8 percent compared with the comparison method, and the proportion of the first-class tobacco (C2F and C3F grades) is improved by about 13 percent; the upper green mottled tobacco leaves (B2V and B2K) are reduced by about 9 percentage points compared with the control, and the proportion of the first-class tobacco (B1F and B2F grades) is improved by about 10 percentage points.
The embodiment of the system comprises:
the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system of the embodiment comprises a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the controller is used for realizing a tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method.
Claims (9)
1. A tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
aiming at the airflow descending type curing barn, the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process is substituted into a predetermined curing barn greenhouse environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point; aiming at the airflow rising type curing barn, substituting the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco curing process into a pre-determined curing barn shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation to obtain the curing barn shed environment humidity corresponding to each temperature control point;
in the tobacco leaf baking process, baking control is carried out on tobacco leaves at each temperature control point according to the moisture removal rate and the temperature holding time corresponding to each temperature control point until the tobacco leaf baking is finished after the last temperature control point is baked; for the airflow descending type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculation according to the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn ceiling environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point; aiming at the airflow ascending type curing barn, the moisture removing rate corresponding to the current temperature control point is obtained by calculating according to the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point, the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point and the curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the previous temperature control point;
the system comprises a curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, a plurality of groups of curing barn upper shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn upper shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow descending type curing barn are fitted to obtain the curing barn upper shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation, the curing barn lower shed environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is obtained by fitting the plurality of groups of curing barn lower shed environment temperature data and corresponding curing barn lower shed environment humidity data in the whole actual curing process of the airflow ascending type curing barn, the independent variable of the fitting equation is environment temperature data, and the dependent variable is environment humidity data.
2. The method for controlling the dynamic moisture-controlling curing of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, wherein the fitting equation is a quadratic equation of one degree, and is fitted by a multiple regression method.
3. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to claim 2, characterized in that for the air flow descending flue-curing barn, the moisture removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point = (the barn upper shed environment humidity corresponding to the last temperature control point-the barn upper shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point; for the airflow rising type curing barn, the humidity removal rate corresponding to the current temperature control point = (curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the last temperature control point-curing barn lower shed environment humidity corresponding to the current temperature control point)/the temperature holding time of the current temperature control point.
4. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity-control baking control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, there are 14 temperature-control points in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the value ranges of the baking room environment temperature corresponding to each temperature-control point and the temperature holding time of each temperature-control point are as follows:
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 1 st temperature control point is 36.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-16 h;
the temperature of the roasting room corresponding to the 2 nd temperature control point is 38.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 20-48 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 3 rd temperature control point is 40.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 4 th temperature control point is 42.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 12-24 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 5 th temperature control point is 44.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 6 th temperature control point is 46.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 7 th temperature control point is 48.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 8 th temperature control point is 50.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 9 th temperature control point is 52.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the 10 th temperature control point corresponds to the baking room environment temperature of 54.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 8-16 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 11 th temperature control point is 56.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0 h-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 12 th temperature control point is 60.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0 h-8 h;
the curing barn environment temperature corresponding to the 13 th temperature control point is 64.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 0-8 h;
the temperature of the curing barn corresponding to the 14 th temperature control point is 68.0 ℃, and the value range of the temperature holding time is 24-36 h.
5. The tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room ceiling environment temperature and humidity fitting equation is acquired by a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on the air-flow-down baking room ceiling.
6. The tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected by a temperature and humidity integrated sensor, and the temperature and humidity integrated sensor is arranged on an air-flow rising baking room lower shed.
7. The tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the environmental temperature and humidity data used to fit the baking room upper canopy environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are collected by a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors disposed at different positions of the upper canopy of the airflow descending baking room.
8. The tobacco dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein environmental temperature and humidity data used for fitting the baking room lower shed environmental temperature and humidity fitting equation are acquired by a plurality of temperature and humidity integrated sensors arranged at different positions of an airflow ascending baking room lower shed.
9. A tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control system is characterized by comprising a controller and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is used for acquiring the environment temperature of a baking room corresponding to each temperature control point in the tobacco leaf baking process, and the controller is used for realizing the tobacco leaf dynamic humidity control baking control method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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Effective date of registration: 20240205 Address after: High tech Zone Fengyang street 450001 Henan city of Zhengzhou province No. 2 Patentee after: ZHENGZHOU TOBACCO Research Institute OF CNTC Country or region after: China Patentee after: SHANGHAI TOBACCO GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: High tech Zone Fengyang street 450001 Henan city of Zhengzhou province No. 2 Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU TOBACCO Research Institute OF CNTC Country or region before: China |