CN111493350B - Flue-cured tobacco curing method for effectively improving quality of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco curing method for effectively improving quality of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco curing method for effectively improving the quality of iron poisoning tobacco leaves, which comprises the steps of harvesting the tobacco leaves which are well-done and have iron poisoning symptoms and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods; loading the tobacco leaves with the braided rods into a curing barn; and (4) baking the tobacco leaves after being charged into the furnace, and obtaining the baked tobacco leaves after a yellowing period, a color fixing period and a stem drying period. Aiming at the characteristics of iron poisoning tobacco leaves, the invention reduces and even eliminates enzymatic browning reaction of the tobacco leaves in the baking process by the optimized combination of temperature, humidity and baking time in the baking process so as to solve the problem of ash hanging of the tobacco leaves caused by iron poisoning of the tobacco leaves, thereby improving the first-class tobacco proportion, the average price and the sensory evaluation quality of the baked tobacco leaves, obviously reducing the loss of tobacco growers, and having the characteristics of simple process, easy operation and obvious improvement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco curing, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco curing method which is simple in process, easy to operate and remarkable in effect and can effectively improve the quality of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves.
Background
The unique geographical climate and the good natural environment make Yunnan a good holy land for tobacco production. Yunnan tobacco leaves have uniform color, long aroma and sweet taste, and become the main raw material of cigarettes. Along with the gradual reduction of the tobacco planting area in the north, Yunnan becomes a big province for tobacco planting, more than 100 million people are planted in tobacco farmers, the total yield of tobacco leaves in China is about 50%, and the Yunnan tobacco planting method plays a very important role in the socioeconomic development of the Yunnan.
However, high-quality tobacco leaves obtained in the field are difficult to obtain without a scientific tobacco leaf curing and modulating method, so tobacco leaf curing is one of the key links for reflecting and determining the quality and production benefit of flue-cured tobacco. During the field planting and later-stage tobacco curing process, the quality of the tobacco leaves is greatly reduced due to the ash-coated tobacco leaves. After the tobacco leaves are ash-coated, the appearance quality of the tobacco leaves is influenced, the commodity grade of the tobacco leaves is reduced, the content of internal chemical components of the tobacco leaves is not suitable and inconsistent, the industrial availability is reduced, and even the use value is lost. Researches show that the toxicity of ferrous ions can cause browning reaction of flue-cured tobacco leaves, so that yield loss and low quality are caused, and excessive metal ions (such as iron and manganese) in field soil are considered to be one of the main causes for browning of the tobacco leaves.
Most of tobacco planting soil in south China is rice soil. Due to long-term flooding cultivation, the viscosity of the rice soil is increased, the sealing performance is increased, and the air permeability is deteriorated, so that iron ions in the soil are in a ferrous ion state and enter a soil solution in a large amount, and plants planted in the rice soil can cause excessive ferrous ions after absorbing the ferrous ions, thereby causing toxicity to the plants. The tobacco is stressed to generate weak brown to purple tobacco leaves, which seriously affects the quality of the tobacco leaves and causes huge loss to the income of tobacco growers.
At present, for tobacco leaves causing iron poisoning after absorbing ferrous ions in paddy soil, because the internal cause is special, the baking process must be matched with the quality of the tobacco leaves, namely the baking process must be flexibly adjusted according to the specific baking characteristics of the tobacco leaves, so that the baking quality of the tobacco leaves can be ensured, ash hanging smoke is prevented or reduced, the experience requirements of baking personnel for the tobacco leaves with iron poisoning in the prior art are higher, and all people adopt various magical methods according to actual subjective judgment, so that the operation is complex, and the improvement effect is unstable or limited. Therefore, no mature targeted baking technology exists in the prior art, the baking method of the common tobacco leaves cannot be suitable for baking the iron-poisoned tobacco leaves, and most of tobacco planting soil in the south is paddy soil, so that a large amount of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves are lost due to improper baking every year.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a flue-cured tobacco curing method which is simple in process, easy to operate and remarkable in effect and can effectively improve the quality of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the method comprises the steps of harvesting, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves which are ripe and have iron poisoning symptoms, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods;
B. charging: putting the tobacco leaves with the braided rods into a curing barn for curing;
C. controlling the yellowing stage: the method comprises the steps of raising the temperature of dry balls to 37-38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5-37 ℃ from room temperature, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking the tobacco leaves 8 in a high-temperature region for 22-24 hours at a temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1-2 hours in the early yellowing stage; then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 12-20 h until the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature area become yellow above 8 h;
D. controlling the fixation period: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 or more tobacco leaves in a low-temperature area become yellow in the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture removal is increased, the temperature of dry balls is reduced to 37-38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, the temperature of wet balls is adjusted to 31-33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 8-12 h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature area; then, in a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 8-12 h until the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are completely yellow; then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of dry balls to 54-55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37-38 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 18-24 h until branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
E. controlling a tendon drying period: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 38-40.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry pellets and the wet pellets for 24-32 h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the characteristics of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves, the invention reasonably controls the PPO activity of the tobacco leaves in the baking process through the optimized combination of the temperature, the humidity and the baking time in the baking process of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and relieves or even avoids the adverse effect caused by the polymerization of macromolecular dark substances generated by enzymatic browning reaction of the tobacco leaves, so as to solve the problem of ash hanging of the tobacco leaves after the iron poisoning of the tobacco leaves, reduce the limitation of the existing baking method to the baking of the iron-poisoned tobacco leaves, thereby effectively improving the upper equal tobacco proportion, the average price and the sensory evaluation quality of the iron-poisoned tobacco leaves after baking, improving the quality of the tobacco leaves after baking, obviously reducing the economic loss of tobacco growers, and improving the utilization rate of the tobacco leaves. Has the characteristics of simple process, easy operation and remarkable improvement effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto in any way, and any modification or improvement based on the teaching of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
The method comprises the steps of harvesting, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and tendon drying period control, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves which are ripe and have iron poisoning symptoms, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods;
B. charging: putting the tobacco leaves with the braided rods into a curing barn for curing;
C. controlling the yellowing stage: the method comprises the steps of raising the temperature of dry balls to 37-38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5-37 ℃ from room temperature, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking the tobacco leaves 8 in a high-temperature region for 22-24 hours at a temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1-2 hours in the early yellowing stage; then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 12-20 h until the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature area become yellow above 8 h;
D. controlling the fixation period: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 or more tobacco leaves in a low-temperature area become yellow in the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture removal is increased, the temperature of dry balls is reduced to 37-38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, the temperature of wet balls is adjusted to 31-33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 8-12 h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature area; then, in a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 8-12 h until the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are completely yellow; then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of dry balls to 54-55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37-38 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 18-24 h until branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
E. controlling a tendon drying period: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 38-40.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry pellets and the wet pellets for 24-32 h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
And D, collecting fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves with whitened tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling off in the step A.
The density of the cigarettes in the step B is 40-45 kg/m3And the tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the curing barn.
The curing barn is an airflow descending type bulk curing barn.
The room temperature of the dry bulb temperature at the early yellowing stage is 28-30 ℃, and the room temperature of the wet bulb temperature is 26-27 ℃.
The flue-cured tobacco variety comprises Yunyan series variety, K326, KRK26 and safflower Dajinyuan.
The series of Yunyan tobacco comprises Yunyan tobacco 99, Yunyan tobacco 97, Yunyan tobacco 87 and Yunyan tobacco 85.
Example 1
S100: the middle tobacco leaves of KRK26 flue-cured tobacco with tobacco stem whitening, slender and dark green leaf surface and most of hair shedding are collected in the meridian town of Chuxiong city and are conventionally braided into rods.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 43.5kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the air flow descending type bulk curing barn for curing.
S300: the method comprises the steps of at the early stage of yellowing and at the later stage of yellowing, raising the temperature of dry balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the early stage of yellowing at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5 ℃ from room temperature, and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 22h to stabilize the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls to become yellow 8; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the dry and wet balls are stably baked for 12h until the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature area become yellow 8 or more.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after the tobacco leaves 8 in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the temperature of a dry bulb is reduced to 37 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 31 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 8h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls for baking for 8h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54 ℃ at the rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 18h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 65 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 38 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 24h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Example 2
S100: the middle tobacco leaves of KRK26 flue-cured tobacco with tobacco stem whitening, slender and dark green leaf surface and most of hair shedding are collected in the meridian town of Chuxiong city and are conventionally braided into rods.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 43.5kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the air flow descending type bulk curing barn for curing.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1.5h in the early yellowing stage, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 23h to become yellow at the later yellowing stage; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 15h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the dry bulb temperature is reduced to 37.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 32 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 10h to obtain small tobacco leaf drums in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 10h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54 ℃ at the rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 22h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 39 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Example 3
S100: the middle tobacco leaves of KRK26 flue-cured tobacco with tobacco stem whitening, slender and dark green leaf surface and most of hair shedding are collected in the meridian town of Chuxiong city and are conventionally braided into rods.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 43.5kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the airflow descending type bulk curing barn and is ready to be cured.
S300: the method comprises the steps of at the early stage of yellowing and at the later stage of yellowing, raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature at the early stage of yellowing at the heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 24h to ensure that tobacco leaves 8 in a high-temperature region become yellow; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 20h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the temperature of a dry bulb is reduced to 38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 12h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 12h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 24h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 40.5 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls for baking for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Experimental example 1
The tobacco leaves harvested in the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 are respectively roasted by applying a conventional roasting method, and the obtained flue-cured tobaccos are respectively called a control group 1, a control group 2 and a control group 3.
The tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 1 were set as experiment group 1, the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 2 were set as experiment group 2, and the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 3 were set as experiment group 3.
The quality of the control group and the experimental group are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 baking quality of cured tobacco KRK26 iron poisoning in meridian Zheng cured tobacco of Chuxiong city
As can be seen from Table 1: the upper grade smoke of the experimental group 1 is 23.68% higher than that of the control group 1, the average price of the experimental group 1 is 5.27 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group, and the smoking score of the experimental group 1 is 13.9 higher than that of the control group 1.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 2 is 17.42% higher than that of the control group 2, the average price of the experimental group 2 is 3.43 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 2, and the smoking score of the experimental group 2 is 12.4 higher than that of the control group 2.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 3 is 20.03 percent higher than that of the control group 3, the average price of the experimental group 3 is 5.97 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 3, and the smoking score of the experimental group 3 is 16.4 percent higher than that of the control group 3.
Example 4
S100: collecting middle tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco with whitened tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling in a Kunming urban stone forest tobacco area, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods according to a conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 40kg/m3Density of tobacco charged, volume of bulk curing barn with descending air flowAnd (5) baking the mixture for more than 95 percent.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1.5h in the early yellowing stage, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 23h to become yellow at the later yellowing stage; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 15h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the dry bulb temperature is reduced to 37.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 32 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 10h to obtain small tobacco leaf drums in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 10h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54 ℃ at the rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 22h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 39 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Example 5
S100: collecting middle tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco with whitened tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling in a Kunming urban stone forest tobacco area, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods according to a conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 40kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the airflow descending type bulk curing barn and is ready to be cured.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 37.5 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5 ℃ from room temperature, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 23 hours to become yellow at the early yellowing stage and the later yellowing stage, wherein the temperature raising rate of the early yellowing stage is 1 ℃/1.5 hours; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41.5 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 15h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the dry bulb temperature is reduced to 37.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 32 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 10h to obtain small tobacco leaf drums in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 10h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54.5 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 22h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 67 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry pellets and the wet pellets for baking for 28h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried.
Example 6
S100: collecting middle tobacco leaves of Honghuadajinyuan variety iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco with white tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of antler hairs falling in a Kunming Chinese stone forest tobacco area, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods according to a conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 40kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the airflow descending type bulk curing barn and is ready to be cured.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/2h in the early yellowing stage, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls and baking the tobacco leaves for 24h in a high-temperature region to become yellow in the late yellowing stage; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 20h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the temperature of a dry bulb is reduced to 38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 12h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 12h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 24h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 40.5 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls for baking for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Experimental example 2
The tobacco leaves harvested in examples 4, 5 and 6 were respectively cured by a conventional curing method, and the obtained cured tobacco was referred to as control group 4, control group 5 and control group 6.
The tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 4 were set as experiment group 4, the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 5 were set as experiment group 5, and the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 6 were set as experiment group 6.
The quality of the control group and the experimental group are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 tobacco leaf roasting quality for tobacco leaf poisoning by flos Carthami and large metals in Kunming City Shilingyuan tobacco district
As can be seen from Table 2: the upper grade smoke of the experimental group 4 is 13.88% higher than that of the control group 4, the average price of the experimental group 4 is 5.6 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 4, and the smoking score of the experimental group 4 is 13.5% higher than that of the control group 4.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 5 is 18.59 percent higher than that of the control group 5, the average price of the experimental group 5 is 8.68 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 5, and the smoking score of the experimental group 6 is 17.8 percent higher than that of the control group 6.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 6 is 8.01 percent higher than that of the control group 6, the average price of the experimental group 6 is 4.71 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 6, and the smoking score of the experimental group 6 is 19.08 percent higher than that of the control group 6.
Example 7
S100: the middle tobacco leaf of yunyan 87 variety of iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco is collected in Honghe Maile Hongxiao town, the tobacco tendon turns white, the leaf surface is slender and green, and most of the downy fuzz falls off, and the tobacco leaf is braided into a rod according to the conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 45kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the air flow descending type bulk curing barn for curing.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1.5h in the early yellowing stage, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 23h to become yellow at the later yellowing stage; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 15h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the dry bulb temperature is reduced to 37.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 32 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 10h to obtain small tobacco leaf drums in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 10h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54 ℃ at the rate of 1 ℃/h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 22h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 39 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Example 8
S100: the middle tobacco leaves of the Yunyan 87 variety of iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco with whitish tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling off are collected in Honghe, Muller, Honghe and Hongxiao villages and towns and are woven into rods according to the conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 45kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the airflow descending type bulk curing barn and is ready to be cured.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 37.5 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5 ℃ from room temperature, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking the tobacco leaves in a high-temperature region for 23 hours to become yellow at the early yellowing stage and the later yellowing stage, wherein the temperature raising rate of the early yellowing stage is 1 ℃/1.5 hours; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41.5 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 15h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the dry bulb temperature is reduced to 37.5 ℃, the wet bulb temperature is adjusted to 32 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, and the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature are stabilized and baked for 10h to obtain small tobacco leaf drums in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 10h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 54.5 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 37.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 22h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 67 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1.5h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 39 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry pellets and the wet pellets for baking for 28h until the main vein of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn is dried.
Example 9
S100: the middle tobacco leaves of the Yunyan 87 variety of iron poisoning flue-cured tobacco with whitish tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling off are collected in Honghe, Muller, Honghe and Hongxiao villages and towns and are woven into rods according to the conventional method.
S200: the tobacco leaves with the braided rods are arranged according to the weight of 45kg/m3The tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the airflow descending type bulk curing barn and is ready to be cured.
S300: the method comprises the steps of (1) raising the temperature of dry balls to 38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37 ℃ from room temperature at the temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/2h in the early yellowing stage, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls and baking the tobacco leaves for 24h in a high-temperature region to become yellow in the late yellowing stage; and then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 20h until the tobacco leaves 8 in the low-temperature region become yellow.
S400: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 tobacco leaves in a low-temperature region become yellow at the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture discharge is increased, the temperature of a dry bulb is reduced to 38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of a wet bulb is adjusted to 33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 12h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature region; then, entering a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 12h until the tobacco leaves in the full baking room are completely yellow; and then, in the later stage of color fixing, the temperature of the dry bulb is increased to 55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, the temperature of the wet bulb is adjusted to 38 ℃, and the temperature of the dry bulb and the wet bulb is stabilized and baked for 24h until the veins and the mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
S500: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/2h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 40.5 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls for baking for 32h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
Experimental example 3
The tobacco leaves harvested in examples 7, 8 and 9 were respectively cured by a conventional curing method, and the obtained cured tobacco was referred to as control group 7, control group 8 and control group 9.
The tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 7 were set as experiment group 7, the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 8 were set as experiment group 8, and the tobacco leaves obtained by baking in example 9 were set as experiment group 9.
The quality of the control group and the experimental group are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 tobacco leaf roasting quality of Onchi town roasted tobacco clouds 87 iron poisoning of Maitreya, Red river
As can be seen from Table 3: the upper grade smoke of the experimental group 7 is 16.56% higher than that of the control group 7, the average price of the experimental group 7 is 6.88 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 7, and the smoking score of the experimental group 7 is 8.6 higher than that of the control group 7.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 8 is 29.04% higher than that of the control group 8, the average price of the experimental group 8 is 7.8 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 8, and the smoking score of the experimental group 8 is 12.15% higher than that of the control group 8.
The upper grade smoke of the experimental group 9 is 15.46% higher than that of the control group 9, the average price of the experimental group 9 is 7.8 yuan/kg higher than that of the control group 9, and the smoking score of the experimental group 9 is 8.1 higher than that of the control group 9.
Claims (6)
1. A flue-cured tobacco baking method for effectively improving the quality of iron-poisoned tobacco leaves is characterized by comprising the steps of harvesting, furnace charging, yellowing period control, color fixing period control and stem drying period control, and comprises the following specific steps:
A. harvesting: harvesting fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves which are ripe and have iron poisoning symptoms, and weaving the tobacco leaves into rods; the harvesting refers to the fresh tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco with whitened tobacco ribs, slender and green leaf surfaces and most of fuzz falling off;
B. charging: putting the tobacco leaves with the braided rods into a curing barn for curing;
C. controlling the yellowing stage: the method comprises the steps of raising the temperature of dry balls to 37-38 ℃ from room temperature, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 36.5-37 ℃ from room temperature, stabilizing the temperature of the dry balls and the temperature of the wet balls, and baking the tobacco leaves 8 in a high-temperature region for 22-24 hours at a temperature raising rate of 1 ℃/1-2 hours in the early yellowing stage; then, in the later yellowing stage, the temperature of the dry balls is increased to 41-42 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/3h, the temperature of the wet balls is adjusted to 36-36.5 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 12-20 h until the tobacco leaves in the low-temperature area become yellow above 8 h;
D. controlling the fixation period: the method comprises a color fixing initial stage, a color fixing middle stage and a color fixing later stage, wherein after 8 or more tobacco leaves in a low-temperature area become yellow in the color fixing initial stage, a high-speed fan is adopted for circulation, the moisture removal is increased, the temperature of dry balls is reduced to 37-38 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, the temperature of wet balls is adjusted to 31-33 ℃, and the temperature of the dry balls and the wet balls is stabilized and baked for 8-12 h to a small tobacco leaf reel in the low-temperature area; then, in a color fixing middle period, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 45 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 1 ℃/3h, adjusting the temperature of the wet balls to 35-36 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 8-12 h until the tobacco leaves in the whole baking room are completely yellow; then, in the later stage of color fixing, raising the temperature of dry balls to 54-55 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of wet balls to 37-38 ℃, and stably baking the dry balls and the wet balls for 18-24 h until branches and mesophyll of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried;
E. controlling a tendon drying period: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 65-68 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/1-2 h, adjusting the temperature of the wet pellets to 38-40.5 ℃, and stably baking the dry pellets and the wet pellets for 24-32 h until the main veins of the tobacco leaves in the whole curing barn are dried.
2. The flue-cured tobacco curing method according to claim 1, wherein the density of the tobacco charged in step B is 40-45 kg/m3And the tobacco is filled to more than 95 percent of the volume of the curing barn.
3. The flue-cured tobacco curing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the curing barn is an air-flow-down type bulk curing barn.
4. The flue-cured tobacco curing method according to claim 1, wherein the dry bulb temperature at the early yellowing stage is 28 to 30 ℃ at room temperature, and the wet bulb temperature is 26 to 27 ℃ at room temperature.
5. The flue-cured tobacco curing method according to claim 1, wherein the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan series variety, K326, KRK26 or Honghua Dajinyuan.
6. The flue-cured tobacco curing method according to claim 5, wherein the cloud-series variety is cloud 99, cloud 97, cloud 87 or cloud 85.
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