CN102499424A - Tobacco leaf baking method - Google Patents
Tobacco leaf baking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102499424A CN102499424A CN2011103199282A CN201110319928A CN102499424A CN 102499424 A CN102499424 A CN 102499424A CN 2011103199282 A CN2011103199282 A CN 2011103199282A CN 201110319928 A CN201110319928 A CN 201110319928A CN 102499424 A CN102499424 A CN 102499424A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco leaf baking method, which comprises the following steps of: raising the dry ball temperature to 35+/-1 DEG C, and maintaining the wet ball temperature at 33 to 34 DEG C until the tobacco leaf tops become yellow; raising the dry ball temperature to 38 to 40 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C in 2+/-0.5 hours, prolonging the time after the temperature is stable, and controlling the wet ball temperature at 34 to 36 DEG C until the bottom layer tobacco leaves approach to or reach the state that yellow leaves account for 80 percent, green ribs become slightly yellow, and simultaneously, the leaves become soft; raising the dry ball temperature to 40 to 43 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C in 1+/-0.5 hour, and maintaining the wet ball temperature being 36 to 37 DEG C so that all tobacco leaves at the bottom and partial tobacco leaves at the second layer become yellow and soft and are collapsed; raising the dry ball temperature to 54+/-1 DEG C at a speed being 1 DEG C per hour, and simultaneously, gradually raising the wet ball temperature and stabilizing the wet ball temperature at 36 to 40 DEG C; raising the dry ball temperature to 68+/-1 DEG C at a speed being 1+/-0.5 DEG C per hour, stabilizing the temperature at the highest temperature not exceeding 70 DEG C until the tobacco leaves are completely dried; and simultaneously, stabilizing the wet bal temperature at 40 to 43 DEG C until the baking is completed. Through optimizing the tobacco leaf baking temperature control scheme, the tobacco baking quality can be improved, and the tobacco leaf baking cost can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the flue-cured tobacco technical field, particularly a kind of tobacco flue-curing method that adopts bakery.
Background technology
Tobacco flue-curing mainly comprises modes such as abode house baking, syllogic baking and horizontal intensive bakery, and wherein the syllogic baking disperses planting patterns to be used widely because of adapting to China single household on a small scale.The syllogic baking refers to change and inner organic connections according to the tobacco leaf external appearance characteristic, is divided into tobacco leaf apparent condition and corresponding stage of temperature requirement to the tobacco flue-curing overall process, i.e. yellowing stage, fixation stage and dried muscle stage.
The syllogic baking method is simple to operate, but comparatively random to the humiture of barn in the practice, directly has influence on the baking properties of flue-cured tobacco thus.The patent of invention of the patent No. " ZL02110188.4 " discloses a kind of " tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves "; Traditional syllogic baking process is improved; But still there is defective: on the one hand, rise warming law and still dislike not enough, influenced the tobacco flue-curing quality; On the other hand, stoving time is longer, and it is relatively large to consume energy, and is unfavorable for reducing cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of tobacco flue-curing method, can improve the tobacco flue-curing quality, reduce the baking cost.
For solving above technical problem, tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention comprises yellowing stage, fixation stage and dried muscle stage successively,
Said yellowing stage is controlled temperature in the barn according to following step:
Dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
With dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, 34～36 ℃ of control wet-bulb temperature, until the bottom tobacco leaf near or reach 80% pornographic movie blue veins and contain Huang on a small quantity, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
With dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The said fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃; Simultaneously, wet-bulb temperature is progressively risen and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The said dried muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With 1 ± 0.5 ℃ speed per hour dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, up to the tobacco leaf bone dry; Simultaneously, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, finish until baking.
More excellent ground in the said yellowing stage, when wet-bulb temperature is lower than preset minimum temperature, adds water to barn and mends wet; When wet-bulb temperature is higher than preset maximum temperature, open barn skylight hydrofuge.
More excellent ground in the said yellowing stage, does not reach preset flavescence standard like tobacco leaf flavescence degree, is incubated, preserves moisture time expand, makes tobacco leaf accomplish flavescence; Do not reach preset dry standard like tobacco leaf water drying, skylight, the hole in the ground of opening drying room are strengthened to make a fire simultaneously and are carried out hydrofuge, keep wet, temperature stabilization in the drying room.
More excellent ground, said fixation is lower than preset standard like tobacco leaf dehydrating speed or cigarette muscle flavescence speed in the stage, when dry-bulb temperature is 45～50 ℃, steady warm time expand, make the cigarette muscle realize flavescence, the part tobacco leaf reaches little reel; Then, with 1～2 hour 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is to the tobacco leaf bone dry.
More excellent ground, said dried muscle after dry-bulb temperature reaches 60 ± 1 ℃, keep wet-bulb temperature to be no more than under 43 ℃ of prerequisites in the stage, turn down hole in the ground, the skylight of drying room gradually.
More excellent ground comprises the dress cigarette operation that baking is preceding, wherein keeps pole apart from being spaced apart 15～25mm.
More excellent ground is provided with before the said dress cigarette operation and compiles the cigarette operation, wherein compiles 90～120 of cigarettes by the long cigarette pole of 1～2m.
More excellent ground is provided with in the operation of gathering before the said volume cigarette operation, and wherein each every strain is plucked 2～3, and last upper leaf is disposable gathers.
More excellent ground comprises the moisture regain operation after the baking, is one of natural moisture regain, cellar moisture regain or the moisture regain of damp room.
More excellent ground is provided with the stacking operation after the said moisture regain operation, and wherein cigarette is cut and highly is no more than 1.5mm.
Compared with prior art, tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention can make tobacco leaf keep outward appearance and fragrance preferably through controlling the barn temperature preferably, improves the tobacco flue-curing quality thus greatly; Simultaneously, can make stoving time shorten about 3 hours, help fuel saving, thereby reduce the cost of material of baking.This baking process is very easy, is easy to grasped by the tobacco grower, has application promise in clinical practice.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a whole set of process chart of tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of roasting procedure among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
The core of tobacco flue-curing method of the present invention is the adjustment to barn, through optimizing the barn warming law, improves the tobacco flue-curing quality preferably, improves the tobacco flue-curing cost.Following mask body is described.
For ease of understanding the present invention, earlier relevant notion is made an explanation.
One, syllogic roasting plant
Syllogic baking mainly comprise necessarieses such as traditional flue-curing barn and wet-and-dry-bulb thermometer, wherein:
Traditional flue-curing barn is the special equipment of baking processing tobacco leaf in the cured tobacco production, comprises gravity-flow ventilation air-flow ascending manner barn, the gravity-flow ventilation air-flow descending manner barn of various construction materials and structure, thermal source and heating form, air intake hole and skylight form, the hot air circulation barn that has Aided Machine to ventilate.
The barn performance requirement is: (1) suitable size, self-contained, make a fire, ventilation dewetting, barn humiture tobacco leaf change observe etc. easy to operate; (2) intensification is sensitive, and temperature control is stable, heat and moisture preserving, and the plane humiture is even; (3) hydrofuge is smooth and easy, and regulation and control flexibly; (4) sturdy and durable, fuel saving.
Wet and dry bulb temperature is counted the indispensable test instrumentation of tobacco flue-curing; Taking into account dial plate by two identical temperature forms; Unit is degree centigrade: wherein be surrounded by clean absorbent gauze on the temperature feeling ball in the right; The gauze lower end is immersed and to be filled in the special water pipe of water, temperature feeling ball 1～1.5cm directly over the water surface, and this temperature is counted wet-bulb thermometer; The temperature feeling ball in the left side does not wrap the dry bulb thermometer that is of gauze.Through wet-and-dry-bulb thermometer, can obtain following parameter:
1, dry-bulb temperature---dry bulb thermometer institute temperature displayed value, unit is degree centigrade, with ℃ representing.Represent the temperature of air in the barn;
2, wet-bulb temperature---wet-bulb thermometer is attend institute's temperature displayed value, and unit is degree centigrade, with ℃ representing;
3, do wet poor---the difference of dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature, unit is degree centigrade, with ℃ representing.The relative humidity height of air in the reflection barn.
Two, harvest maturity
Tobacco leaf grows and the conversion of inherent material reaches when referring to pluck maturity and state.Usually divide five class:
1, undercure---tobacco leaf still is in growth and development stage, does not possess or possess less mature characteristic.After roasting the green grass or young crops that contains is in various degree often arranged.
2, still ripe---tobacco leaf has been accomplished the growth conversion process basically, and part possesses more identifiable mature characteristic, and the cured tobacco leaf quality is better.
3, maturation---tobacco leaf grows and dry transforms suitably, possesses obvious legible mature characteristic.Quality is good.Tobacco leaf grows and surpasses ripe requirement, the conversion consumption that dry is too much.Roasting back descends.
4, false ripe---refer to because various factors (malnutritive, illumination is not enough or weather severe drought or waterlogging stain etc.) influence, tobacco leaf is grown in really do not reach just to show apparent Huang before ripe.
5, complete ripeness---refer to nutritional sufficiency, all material conversions in well-developed upper leaf further carries out after reaching maturation, the blade face has more " senile plaque expelling ", follows patches such as rust simultaneously, and the inherent matter in roasting back is fine.
Three, tobacco leaf changes
The flavescence degree that refers to tobacco leaf in the baking process changes with corresponding dry-form.Generally be changed to the master, take into account two layers and other each layers with barn bottom tobacco leaf.
1, flavescence degree---the degree of tobacco leaf flavescence with " several one-tenth are yellow " expression, divides one, two, three into usually ... Eight, nine, hundred per cent is yellow; The little band of pornographic movie blue veins leaf base green grass or young crops is ninety percent Huang, or claims that basic full Huang, hundred per cent Huang are the yellow muscle of pornographic movie.
The minimizing of 2, degree of drying---tobacco leaf water content is reflected in apparent drying regime.Usually show as blade, sharp crimping is colluded in the master pulse deliquescing, little reel, parent roll, dried muscle.
Four, tobacco leaf mature characteristic
The essential characteristic of ripe tobacco leaf is easy harvesting, and clear during harvesting, section is neat, is not with the stem skin.
1, bottom leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is green, the yellow expression that slightly falls, and fine hair partly comes off, and the master pulse base portion turns white, leaf age 50～60 days.
2, middle leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is a green-yellow, the blade face Huang that falls more than 2/3, and master pulse turns white, and offshoot 1 drawer turns white, and it is yellow that blade tip, leaf margin are, and yellow ripe spot is arranged during the blade face, and the cauline leaf angle increases, leaf age 60～70 days.
3, upper leaf---tobacco leaf Essential colour is yellow, the blade face fully fall Huang, send out wrinkle, ripe spot is obvious, has withertip, burnt limit to occur, the cauline leaf angle obviously increases, leaf age 70～90 days.
In order to make those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, the present invention is done further detailed description below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1; A whole set of process chart for this name tobacco flue-curing method; Comprise by the operation S101 that gathers, compile cigarette operation S102, dress cigarette operation S103 (above three are operation before the baking), roasting procedure S104, moisture regain operation S105, stack operation S106 (above two are baking back operation) etc., below introduce respectively.
S101, the operation of gathering
1, gather principle and method.Long neat, ripe consistent vega, each every strain is adopted 2～3, and last 4～4 upper leafs etc. fully maturation are once gathered.Receive according to the bottom cigarette in good time early, ripe steady receipts of middle part cigarette, the abundant maturation of the upper leaf principle with " how ripe adopting, few ripely adopt are not less not yet donely adopted more " of gathering accomplishes livingly not adopt, and does not ripely lose.Gather number of times about 5 times of vega.Ripe for correct identification tobacco leaf, gather and should in the morning or carry out the morning.The weather arid should be adopted the dew cigarette.Meeting the short time rainfall after the tobacco leaf maturation will gather after stopping rain immediately, and long-time rainfall adheres to that still maturation gathers.
2, the attention problem of gathering.
The quantity of gathering will match with the barn capacity.The personnel of gathering will seek unity of standard, and accomplish the same kind of at every turn gathering, same position, the tobacco leaf of same maturity.Avoid extruding, friction, Exposure to Sunlight when gathering, do not damage and confuse the stacking time level of tobacco leaf, place the frescade.Stack about height 30cm, avoided blanching to hinder.
S102, volume cigarette operation
Bright cigarette classification is compiled cigarette respectively, with the pole homogeneity.
Reasonable quantity, uniformity.Every pole is compiled cigarette quantity and should be grasped flexibly according to tobacco leaf position, size, water content etc., and the long cigarette pole of general 1.5m is compiled 90～120 of cigarettes.The undercure cigarette, still ripe cigarette, ripe cigarette, overdone cigarette, false ripe cigarette will be compiled cigarette respectively.The tobacco leaf that bottom leaf and water content are big should suitably be compiled rarer, and the tobacco leaf that upper leaf and water content are little should suitably be compiled closeer.And want 2 a branch of, phyllopodium alignment, blade back leans on mutually, compiles button firmly, the distance between clusters uniformity.The empty pole of 10cm is respectively stayed at cigarette pole two ends.
Carry out in the shade after compiling cigarette, avoid tobacco leaf to be infected with earth, compiled the pole tobacco leaf and should be placed on the frescade, avoid Exposure to Sunlight, prevent to damage tobacco leaf.
S103, dress cigarette operation
Classification dress cigarette.Same barn should be adorned kind, management, position, the consistent tobacco leaf of collecting time are asked in the field.Compile in classification on the basis of cigarette, the tobacco leaf that maturity is poor slightly is contained in the upper strata, and ripe tobacco leaf is contained in the intermediate layer, and overdone leaf or sick leaf are contained in the high place of near-bottom temperature, adorns the representational tobacco leaf of hanger around the observation window, so that grasp the baking process.
Density is even.Dress during cigarette the levels pole keep pole apart from for about 20cm usually apart from being unanimity, when water content is many or overcast and rainy, suitably adorn rarely, suitably adorn close when few or weather is arid when water content.
Gathered the same day and compiled the tobacco leaf of pole, adorn cigarette and igniting baking the same day.
S104, roasting procedure
When operation baking, psychrometer hung over canopy at the bottom of the barn, and the application of dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature all is as the criterion with end canopy.
1, baking principle
According to bright cigarette quality and in the variation of bake process; The employing control measures such as heat supply and ventilation dewetting of making a fire; Corresponding temperature, humidity and duration etc. are provided; Promote tobacco leaf that abundant and perfect Physiology and biochemistry takes place and change, make tobacco leaf flavescence and dehydration drying harmonious, finally realize the tobacco leaf scalding, dry, bake perfume.
2, baking principle
(1) four sees that four is fixed---see the fresh tobacco leaf quality, decide baking technology; See that tobacco leaf changes, fixed needed wet and dry bulb temperature; See in the bulb temperature size of just making a fire surely; See that wet-bulb temperature is just decided exhausting window and the wide open degree of air intake is big or small.
(2) four tight four is flexible---and baking technology is used with fresh tobacco leaf quality and is adapted and will sternly specifically grasp and want flexible; Wet and dry bulb temperature and tobacco leaf change to adapt wants tight, and each stage is held time length will be flexibly; Guarantee that dry-bulb temperature is tight in prescribed limit, the size of making a fire is wanted flexibly; Suitable and stable the wanting sternly of wet-bulb temperature, exhaust cosmos, the wide open degree of air intake are wanted flexibly.
Referring to Fig. 2, represent concrete roasting procedure step, comprise yellowing stage, fixation stage and dried muscle stage successively, below other each stage is described.
Said yellowing stage is controlled temperature in the barn according to following step:
S201, dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
S202, with dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, 34～36 ℃ of control wet-bulb temperature, until the bottom tobacco leaf near or reach 80% pornographic movie blue veins and contain Huang on a small quantity, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
S203, with dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The said fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
S204, with dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃; Simultaneously, wet-bulb temperature is progressively risen and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The said dried muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
S205, with 1 ± 0.5 ℃ speed per hour dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, up to the tobacco leaf bone dry; Simultaneously, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, finish until baking.
In the baking program shown in Figure 2, relevant temperature parameter can have certain deviation slightly, below is more preferably selecting to different tobacco leaves.
(1) normal tobacco flue-curing
1, yellowing stage
The tobacco leaf variation requires---and bottom cigarette flavescence degree reaches eighty per cant Huang; In, upper tobacco leaf flavescence degree nine to hundred per cent is yellow, and blade is wilting falls down, and the master pulse deliquescing, colludes sharp crimping.
Dry-bulb temperature and wet-bulb temperature control---close a day cosmos, hole in the ground and door and window tight behind the dress cigarette, burn little fire the barn temperature is brought up to about 35 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature; After some hrs makes the blade tip flavescence; With dry-bulb temperature with per 2 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38 ℃, steady temperature time expand, 34～36 ℃ of control wet-bulb temperature; Make tobacco leaf that flavescence take place in a large number; Reaching the bottom tobacco leaf has 80% left and right sides pornographic movie blue veins to contain green grass or young crops on a small quantity, and promptly cigarette muscle and cigarette muscle both sides are cyan, the little band cyan of part leaf base, and all the other are yellow.Blade feel like jelly (about fluid loss 20%) simultaneously.Be warmed up to 40～42 ℃ afterwards again, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing fall down (about fluid loss 35%).
Note item---should prevent that tobacco leaf generation cirrhosis is yellow, will prevent that also flavescence is inhomogeneous or flavescence is not enough.Wet-bulb temperature is crossed when low and can be added water to barn and mend wetly, will in time open the skylight hydrofuge when wet-bulb temperature is higher than the requirement standard.Must reach tobacco leaf not only flavescence but also deliquescing at 42 ℃, Neither of the two can be dispensed.If the tobacco leaf flavescence is not enough, heat and moisture preserving to elongate the time, make tobacco leaf accomplish flavescence; If tobacco leaf formula water is dry not enough, open hole in the ground, big skylight, strengthening makes a fire carries out hydrofuge, and humiture must not rise or descend.
2, the fixation stage
Tobacco leaf changes to be controlled---and 50 ℃ made the abundant flavescence of tobacco leaf at the middle and upper levels send out deliquescing in the past, reached the yellow muscle of pornographic movie, and 54 ℃ of steady temperature are simple to the big volume of tobacco leaf.
Dry-bulb temperature control---dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ℃.If the tobacco leaf dehydration is slow or the flavescence of cigarette muscle is slow, must make the cigarette muscle realize flavescence 45～48 ℃ of steady warm time expands, the part tobacco leaf reaches little reel.And then being warming up to 54～55 ℃ with 1～2 hour 1 ℃ speed, steady temperature to blade is accomplished dry.
Wet-bulb temperature control---rise with dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature progressively rises and is stabilized in 37～40 ℃.
Note item---make a fire and want steady middle the increasing, intensification is accurate, and hydrofuge will combine to make a fire initiatively in time.Open in the hole in the ground, skylight will be according to the adjustment flexibly of wet-bulb temperature height, will open hole in the ground, big skylight during big hydrofuge and burn big fire, and float will close the scuttle hole in the ground when wet and burn little fire.Whole fixation process will be guarded against and makes a fire suddenly big or suddenly smallly, and the violent liter of temperature falls suddenly, prevents that wet-bulb temperature from surpassing 40 ℃ or fluctuated.Be that bulb temperature reaches 50 ℃ and must make tobacco leaf reach the little reel of the yellow muscle of pornographic movie in the past.
3, the dried muscle stage
Tobacco leaf changes requirement---and all the tobacco leaf master pulses are fully dry.
Dry-bulb temperature control---be warmed up to 68 ℃ with 1 ℃ speed per hour by 55 ℃, steady temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, up to the tobacco leaf bone dry.
Wet-bulb temperature control---wet-bulb temperature is stabilized in 40～43 ℃ to the baking end.
Points for attention---dry-bulb temperature reaches after 60 ℃, is no more than 43 ℃ with wet-bulb temperature and is as the criterion, and turns down hole in the ground, skylight gradually.
(2) the many tobacco flue-curing of water content
To be that maturity period rainwater situation on the high side is following form the tobacco leaf that water content is many.Baking yellowing stage canopy tobacco leaf at the bottom of 38～40 ℃ becomes fifty percent Huang, the blade deliquescing, and 42～43 ℃ become about eighty per cant Huang the master pulse deliquescing.To combine hydrofuge during this time.The fixation stage heats up than normal tobacco leaf soon, and fast hydrofuge makes the whole flavescence of tobacco leaf in the room at 45～48 ℃, and 50 ℃ reach little reel, and 54～55 ℃ of steady temperature are to parent roll.Wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 36～38 ℃ between fixation stage.
(3) the few tobacco flue-curing of water content
Formed under tobacco leaf system growth that water content is few and the maturity period weather arid situation.The baking yellowing stage stable makes end canopy tobacco leaf blade tip flavescence at 34～36 ℃, is raised to 38～40 ℃ afterwards and makes tobacco leaf flavescence to 9～10 one-tenths, and master pulse feels like jelly, tight preserve moisture in addition give add in the barn water mend wet, 1～2 ℃ of maintenance wet-bulb depression.The fixation stage heats up than normal tobacco leaf slowly, slow hydrofuge, and the whole flavescence of tobacco leaf in the chien shih room when elongating for 47～49 ℃, 50 ℃ reach little reel, and 54～55 ℃ of steady temperature are to parent roll.Wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 38～40 ℃ between fixation stage.
S105, moisture regain operation
1, moisture regain principle
Belong to many micropores of colloid capillary material according to tobacco leaf, have very strong hygroscopic characteristics, create conditions to tobacco leaf very easily broken after drying its moisture absorption is difficult for broken, be convenient to separate cigarette, stack and after classification prick operation.
2, moisture regain method
Specifically comprise following method:
(1) moisture regain naturally---by higher relative humidity to the morning external environment at dusk, open barn skylight, hole in the ground, door, make tobacco leaf absorb water in air gas, or tobacco leaf is gone out the room be positioned over ground and make its moisture regain.
(2) cellar moisture regain---will dry the back tobacco leaf and go out the room and be placed in cellar (basement), utilize the big characteristics of the relative humidity cellar in, the tobacco leaf suction is got damp again.The cellar moisture regain needs relative humidity and tobacco leaf conditioning degree in the running check cellar for storing things, prevents that moisture regain excessively.
(3) damp room moisture regain---the function building equipment of tobacco leaf conditioning, require airtight, heat and moisture preserving.Tobacco leaf goes out to be hung in the damp room behind the room and gets damp again, and must keep higher temperature and relative humidity in the room, makes tobacco leaf be able to suction, will sprinkle water earthward in case of necessity.
S106, stacking operation
1, stacks principle
Junior tobacco leaf is stacked a period of time under suitable water content (14%～15%) condition, through initial fermentation and ageing, and tobacco leaf outward appearance and inherent chemical composition generation respective change, quality improves and improves, and more adapting to industry needs.
2, stack requirement
(1) stacks the place and want dry, do not receive the sunlight direct projection, smell substance is arranged away from chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc.
(2) stack with cigarette buttress form.Cigarette height of embankment degree 1.5m, cigarette buttress length and width are confirmed as required, highly are no more than 1.5m.Damp-proof layer will be set up in the Yan Duo bottom.
(3) the tobacco leaf pile up separately of different parts, different quality.During stacking blade tip inwards, phyllopodium is outside, stacks neatly, wet individually muscle or wet sheet tobacco leaf must be rejected.The good back of heap covers completely with cloth such as plastic sheeting, burlaps, and covers shade, prevents that tobacco leaf from fading.
(4) make regular check on, prevent that temperature is too high, the excessive tobacco leaf that causes of humidity is mildew and rot rotten.
Only be preferred implementation of the present invention below, should be pointed out that above-mentioned preferred implementation should not be regarded as limitation of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim institute restricted portion.For those skilled in the art, do not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a tobacco flue-curing method comprises yellowing stage, fixation stage and dried muscle stage successively, it is characterized in that,
Said yellowing stage is controlled temperature in the barn according to following step:
Dry-bulb temperature is brought up to 35 ± 1 ℃, keep 33～34 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, until the flavescence of tobacco leaf blade tip;
With dry-bulb temperature with 2 ± 0.5 hours 1 ℃ rise to 38～40 ℃, steady temperature time expand, 34～36 ℃ of control wet-bulb temperature, until the bottom tobacco leaf near or reach 80% pornographic movie blue veins and contain Huang on a small quantity, blade feels like jelly simultaneously;
With dry-bulb temperature with 1 ± 0.5 hour 1 ℃ rise to 40～43 ℃, keep 36～37 ℃ of wet-bulb temperature, make whole tobacco leaves of bottom and two layer segment tobacco leaves reach not only flavescence but also deliquescing, fall down;
The said fixation stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With dry-bulb temperature with 2～3 hours 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃; Simultaneously, wet-bulb temperature is progressively risen and be stabilized in 36～40 ℃;
The said dried muscle stage is controlled temperature according to following step:
With 1 ± 0.5 ℃ speed per hour dry-bulb temperature is risen to 68 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is the highest is no more than 70 ℃, up to the tobacco leaf bone dry; Simultaneously, make wet-bulb temperature be stabilized in 40～43 ℃, finish until baking.
2. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said yellowing stage, when wet-bulb temperature is lower than preset minimum temperature, adds water to barn and mends wet; When wet-bulb temperature is higher than preset maximum temperature, open barn skylight hydrofuge.
3. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the said yellowing stage, does not reach preset flavescence standard like tobacco leaf flavescence degree, is incubated, preserves moisture time expand, makes tobacco leaf accomplish flavescence; Do not reach preset dry standard like tobacco leaf water drying, skylight, the hole in the ground of opening drying room are strengthened to make a fire simultaneously and are carried out hydrofuge, keep wet, temperature stabilization in the drying room.
4. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said fixation is in the stage; Be lower than preset standard like tobacco leaf dehydrating speed or cigarette muscle flavescence speed, when dry-bulb temperature is 45～50 ℃, steady warm time expand; Make the cigarette muscle realize flavescence, the part tobacco leaf reaches little reel; Then, with 1～2 hour 1 ℃ rise to 54 ± 1 ℃, steady temperature is to the tobacco leaf bone dry.
5. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, said dried muscle after dry-bulb temperature reaches 60 ± 1 ℃, keeps wet-bulb temperature to be no more than under 43 ℃ of prerequisites in the stage, turns down hole in the ground, the skylight of drying room gradually.
6. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the dress cigarette operation that baking is preceding, wherein keeps pole apart from being spaced apart 15～25mm.
7. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, is provided with before the said dress cigarette operation to compile the cigarette operation, wherein compiles 90～120 of cigarettes by the long cigarette pole of 1～2m.
8. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, is provided with in the operation of gathering before the said volume cigarette operation, and wherein each every strain is plucked 2～3, and last upper leaf is disposable gathers.
9. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the moisture regain operation after the baking, is one of natural moisture regain, cellar moisture regain or the moisture regain of damp room.
10. tobacco flue-curing method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, is provided with the stacking operation after the said moisture regain operation, and wherein cigarette is cut and highly is no more than 1.5mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110319928.2A CN102499424B (en) | 2011-10-19 | 2011-10-19 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102894461A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-30 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Baking method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN102920001A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco different-maturity-level tobacco leaf same-furnace modulation technology |
| CN103380947A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Concoction technology for improving quality of fresh scent tobacco |
| CN103519333A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-01-22 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Curing barn tobacco loading method |
| CN103653226A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 云南一通太阳能科技有限公司 | Tobacco leaf curing method |
| CN103798944A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Bulk curing method for improving degradation degree of pigment |
| CN103919265A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 遵义市烟草公司余庆县分公司 | Flue-cured tobacco covering kang baking method |
| CN104000303A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-08-27 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco stacking fermentation method |
| CN104432459A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-03-25 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN104489891A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Baking method for reducing surface dusting of KRK26 upper portion tobacco leaves |
| CN105495672A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN106235371A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓县分公司 | Bulk curing barn dissipates the leaf accumulation dress persistently overheating roasting perfume (or spice) of cigarette and bakes soft baking method |
| CN107373743A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of junior tobacco leaf conditioning device and moisture regain method |
| CN107637855A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of first roasting method of flue-cured tobacco for effectively improving tobacco leaf industry redrying link processability |
| CN110638081A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency baking method for improving appearance quality of K326 tobacco leaves |
| RU2736290C1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-11-13 | Акционерное общество «Погарская сигаретно-сигарная фабрика» | Method for preparing a smoking composition without tobacco alkaloids |
| CN113812659A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-21 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving baking quality of middle tobacco leaves of K326 varieties |
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| CN102178335A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-09-14 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Intensive curing barn precise curing process for flue-cured tobacco |
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| CN102894461A (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2013-01-30 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Baking method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN102894461B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2014-12-10 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Baking method of upper leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN102920001A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-13 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco different-maturity-level tobacco leaf same-furnace modulation technology |
| CN102920001B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-01-07 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco different-maturity-level tobacco leaf same-furnace modulation technology |
| CN103380947B (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-07-22 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Concoction technology for improving quality of fresh scent tobacco |
| CN103380947A (en) * | 2013-07-29 | 2013-11-06 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Concoction technology for improving quality of fresh scent tobacco |
| CN103519333A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-01-22 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Curing barn tobacco loading method |
| CN103519333B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-03-16 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of barn tobacco loading method |
| CN103653226A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-03-26 | 云南一通太阳能科技有限公司 | Tobacco leaf curing method |
| CN103798944A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Bulk curing method for improving degradation degree of pigment |
| CN103798944B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2015-11-25 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of dense drying method improving Pigment degradation degree |
| CN103919265A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 遵义市烟草公司余庆县分公司 | Flue-cured tobacco covering kang baking method |
| CN104000303B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2016-02-03 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | cigar tobacco heap fermentation method |
| CN104000303A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-08-27 | 川渝中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cigar tobacco stacking fermentation method |
| CN104489891B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of baking method reducing KRK26 upper tobacco leaf dust |
| CN104489891A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-08 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Baking method for reducing surface dusting of KRK26 upper portion tobacco leaves |
| CN104432459B (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2017-02-01 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN104432459A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-03-25 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN105495672A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-04-20 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf baking method |
| CN106235371A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2016-12-21 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓县分公司 | Bulk curing barn dissipates the leaf accumulation dress persistently overheating roasting perfume (or spice) of cigarette and bakes soft baking method |
| CN107373743A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-24 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of junior tobacco leaf conditioning device and moisture regain method |
| CN107637855A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-01-30 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of first roasting method of flue-cured tobacco for effectively improving tobacco leaf industry redrying link processability |
| CN110638081A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency baking method for improving appearance quality of K326 tobacco leaves |
| RU2736290C1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-11-13 | Акционерное общество «Погарская сигаретно-сигарная фабрика» | Method for preparing a smoking composition without tobacco alkaloids |
| WO2021246898A1 (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-12-09 | Акционерное общество "Погарская сигаретно-сигарная фабрика" | Method for producing a smoking composition without tobacco alkaloids |
| CN113812659A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-21 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving baking quality of middle tobacco leaves of K326 varieties |
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