CN102482603A - 水基润滑剂 - Google Patents

水基润滑剂 Download PDF

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CN102482603A
CN102482603A CN2010800388784A CN201080038878A CN102482603A CN 102482603 A CN102482603 A CN 102482603A CN 2010800388784 A CN2010800388784 A CN 2010800388784A CN 201080038878 A CN201080038878 A CN 201080038878A CN 102482603 A CN102482603 A CN 102482603A
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M.施密德-阿梅伦克森
M.施魏格科夫勒
T.基尔托
J.米勒迈尔
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Klueber Lubrication Muenchen GmbH and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种水基润滑剂以及其应用。本发明特别涉及该水基润滑剂在润滑驱动构件的摩擦配对件中的应用。

Description

水基润滑剂
本发明涉及一种水基润滑剂以及其应用。本发明特别涉及该水基润滑剂在润滑驱动构件中的摩擦配对件中的应用。
新型润滑剂的研制必随工艺技术的全面改进而出现，工艺技术的全面改进对润滑剂组合物提出既新又更高的要求。这特别也在环境保护和二氧化碳的排放方面。基于矿物油或合成油的已知润滑剂不再满足这些要求。
润滑剂特别是用于驱动部件中，如链、传动齿轮、滚柱轴承和滑动轴承或旋转轴上的密封件。这类润滑剂基于矿物油或合成的烃。特别是在滚柱轴承和滑动轴承中，该润滑剂用于在相互滑动或滚动的部件之间构成分离的传递负荷的润滑膜。由此实现金属表面不相接触，并因此也不发生磨损。所以该润滑剂需满足下列各方面的高要求：
- 摩擦部位的冷却，
- 极端的运行条件，如非常高的转数和非常低的转数，
- 由高转数和负荷并由此而产生的自生加热或外来加热所引起的高温，
- 在冷环境中的非常低的温度，
- 使用者对运行特性的特别要求，如小的摩擦、低燥声，
- 极长的运行时间，同时不用间断补充润滑油，
- 生物可降解性。
从WO 2007/098523 A2中已知一种可运行的传动齿轮、用于这种传动齿轮的工作液体和其首次投入运行的方法。该工作液体由水和脂族烃的混合物组成，其中悬浮有作为固体润滑剂的石墨细粒。这种固体润滑剂呈絮状石墨细粒存在，石墨细粒的粒度小于50 μm。这种润滑剂和冷却剂的其它成分是分散添加剂、除泡沫剂、抗腐蚀剂。这种工作液体的不足之处为呈固体或絮状存在的石墨细粒，其一方面会从悬浮物中沉淀下来，并由此会粘着于要润滑的运行部件上。另一缺点是构件上有与含石墨的润滑剂相接触的难以去除的污物。如果在运行中需过滤该润滑油，则该石墨可导致滤孔的堵塞。此外，该工作液体还有非常低的粘度，在高负荷时可导致润滑膜失效。
因此本发明的目的在于提供一种水基润滑剂，其满足上述要求，特别是可生物降解的，并有利于明显减少二氧化碳的产生。
本发明的目的是通过应用由水、水溶性聚亚烷基二醇、水溶性的乳化剂和润滑剂通常的添加剂组成的润滑剂实现的。该水溶性聚亚烷基二醇选自统计分布的、含一个或多个羟端基的聚氧化亚乙基单元和聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元，选自由聚氧化亚乙基单元和/或聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元形成的嵌段聚合物。作为乳化剂使用阴离子表面活性剂，如磺酸盐、非离子表面活性剂如脂肪醇乙氧化物或NPE或阳离子表面活性剂如季铵化合物、水溶性的或水可乳化的碳酸酯。
令人意外地发现，基于水(水含量＞10 %)的某些配方超过普通润滑剂的润滑效率和明显降低摩擦值。由此和通过该有效的内在的冷却作用导致在摩擦体系中的降低的温度发展。这类水基润滑剂可经有效地生物降解和在水环境中是环境友好型的。此外，其特征是与橡胶弹性材料有优良的相容性。
按应用，该水基润滑剂的低温性能例如可通过添加防冻剂如低分子乙二醇、甘油、盐或离子液体以大大改进。
此外，可加入添加剂以按需调制该润滑剂的特性。其可呈溶解态、分散态、胶态或纳米级存在。
如果希望，水基润滑剂也可呈发泡型配制。这里，作为喷雾泡沫应用是特别有利的，因为由此可目视控制润滑剂涂敷。在纺织物或机器部件上沾污有水基润滑液体时是易于净化的。
为使矿物油基的或合成油基的润滑剂着色，大多需对健康有害的和/或有生态毒性的色料。在水基润滑剂情况下，可使用很多种不令人担心毒性的水溶性色料以至食品色料。
本发明的“基油”也可通过与皂粉或尿素粉、层状硅酸盐或其它常用的润滑剂增稠剂混合转变成润滑脂肪或润滑膏。
本发明的水基润滑剂的优选方案含有：
5-80重量%的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇，其选自统计分布的聚氧化亚乙基单元和/或聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元，由聚氧化亚乙基单元和/或聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元形成的嵌段聚合物，
0.5-20重量%的发泡型或非发泡型的乳化剂，其选自阴离子(如磺酸根)表面活性剂、非离子(如脂肪醇乙氧化物或NPE)表面活性剂或阳离子(如季铵化合物)表面活性剂或水溶性的或水可乳化的羧酸酯，
0.5-50重量%的防冻剂，其选自亚烷基二醇、甘油、盐或离子液体，
0.05-10重量%的腐蚀添加剂，如链烷醇胺、硼酸衍生物或羧酸衍生物(Carbons?urederivate)，
0.001-1重量%的用于防止泡沫形成的添加剂，如聚二甲基硅氧烷或丙烯酸聚合物，和
0.05-5重量%的耐磨剂，
加水到100重量%。
此外，该润滑剂组合物还可含下列组分：
0.001-0.5重量%的杀生物剂如山梨酸和/或
0.05-5重量%的纳米颗粒。
此外，该润滑剂组合物还可含0.5-40重量%的润滑增稠剂，其选自由单羧酸和/或二羧酸形成的金属皂、尿素、片状硅酸盐、固体润滑剂和分散硅胶(Aerosil)。
实施例
实施例1
混合下列组分以制备传动齿轮油：
蒸馏水                                                                 45.0重量%
丙二醇                                                                 20.0重量%
高分子的聚乙二醇                                             25.0重量%
醇聚乙二醇醚(Alkoholpolyglycolether)            5.0重量%
链烷醇胺和硼酸衍生物                                     2.0重量%
硫化的脂肪酸                                                     3.0重量%。
其是一种不易发泡的几乎为无色的ISO VG 32的透明水溶液。该润滑剂直到-35℃仍保持液态。与常规的润滑剂相比，该非常低的摩擦等级导致明显改进的能效和较低的噪声等级以及运行中的延长寿命。通过用水交换矿物油或这种相应的基油，其优点为这种润滑剂的耐用性。这类组成的润滑剂，由于非固态润滑剂原理，所以特别适合润滑剂要不断经过滤的应用中，如风力装置的传动齿轮中。
表1中列出该实施例配方1的特性并与矿物油基产品相比较。
表1
  实施例1 矿物油产品
40℃时的粘度状态 ISO VG 32 ISO VG 32
倾点 -35℃ -10℃
摩擦值，SRV-实验 0.058 0.100
Hazen色值 35 140
实施例2
相互混合下列组分以制备可高负荷的传动齿轮油：
蒸馏水                                                 38.0重量%
丙二醇                                                 20.0重量%
高分子的聚乙二醇                             24.644重量%
醇聚乙二醇醚                                     5.0重量%
羧酸衍生物 M-528, Cortec                10.0重量%
硫化的脂肪酸                                      2.3重量%
Ceroxid纳米颗粒                                0.05重量%
山梨酸                                                  0.003重量%
丙烯共聚物(Acrylcopolymer)           0.003重量%。
这里也存在实施例1中所述的润滑剂的优点。通过加入纳米颗粒确保再次增加了防磨损性。
表2中列出该实施例配方2的特性并与矿物油基产品相比较。尽管有明显低的粘度，但该水性配方具有明显改进的Reichert防磨损性(可达到的较高平面压)。
表2
  实施例2 矿物油产品
40℃时的粘度状态 110 mm2/s 460 mm2/s
倾点 -35℃ -10℃
按VKIS-工作单的Reichert摩损天平的平面压 3500 N/cm2 2800 N/cm2
Hazen色值 130 230
实施例3
由下列成分组成的油泡沫
蒸馏水                                              50.0重量%
丙二醇                                              15.0重量%
高分子的聚乙二醇                           25.0重量%
发泡性脂肪醇乙氧化物                  5.0重量%
链烷醇胺和硼酸衍生物                  2.0重量%
硫化的脂肪酸                                  3.0重量%。
这里也存在实施例1中所述的润滑剂的优点，该配方的倾点为-20℃。
该组合物有高的泡沫形成，其可借助于喷雾/泵喷雾呈泡沫应用。
这类应用的优点在于，可有效地用目视检测表面上的该润滑剂，甚至在紧接施加后的最少量润滑情况下，如针对质量可靠性。作为泡沫施加的另一个优点是摩擦体系整个表面的改进润湿，这使得得到缩短的吸入时间（Einlaufzeit）和改进的吸入性能（Einlaufverhalten）。
图1示出加有发泡的(非水基的)润滑剂的滚柱轴承在开始120分运行时间内的明显低的转矩。
图1： 用润滑剂A润滑的滚柱轴承的电流记录。
灰色曲线：标准施加。
黑色曲线：作为泡沫施加。
实施例4
制备含下列成分的具有低温-特性的水基脂肪
蒸馏水                                    32.0重量%
丙二醇                                    15.0重量%
高分子的聚乙二醇                 15.0重量%
Li-羟基硬脂酸盐                   35.0重量%
Na-Sebazat                              3.0重量%。
在表2中示出该实施例配方4的特性。
表3
游动穿透性，DIN ISO 2137 NLGI 2
基油粘度，DIN 51562 90 cst
-30℃的屈服压力，DIN 51805 ＜1400毫巴
实施例5
由下列成分组成的润滑剂：
蒸馏水                                           27.5重量%
高分子的聚乙二醇                       50.0重量%
亚烷基二醇                                       10.0重量%
羧酸衍生物 M-528, Cortec          2.0重量%
水溶性羧酸酯                               10.0重量%
丙烯共聚物                                   0.5重量%。
这种润滑剂适用于润滑旋转轴上的密封件，与由矿物油或合成烃制成的已知润滑剂相比，其可有效生物降解，并因此可环境相容地处置。其特征是低摩擦、优良的冷却作用、与橡胶弹性材料的优良相容性，并具有低的水域污染可能性。有利的是，在用水稀释时仅有很小的粘度变化，并因此可形成有效的润滑膜。
本发明的水基润滑剂可呈泡沫、喷雾或乳化状应用于链、传动齿轮、滚柱轴承和滑动轴承中的运行部件的润滑或应用于旋转轴中的密封件的润滑，其借助于喷雾设备或泵喷雾设备施加，针对薄润滑膜的较好的表面润湿作用和较好的可检测性。

Claims (5)

1.一种水基润滑剂，其含：
5-80重量%的水溶性聚亚烷基二醇，其选自统计分布的聚氧化亚乙基单元和/或聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元，由聚氧化亚乙基单元和/或聚氧化亚丙基单元和/或其它聚氧化亚烷基基元形成的嵌段聚合物，
0.5-20重量%的发泡型或非发泡型的乳化剂，其选自阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂或阳离子表面活性剂，水溶性的或水可乳化的羧酸酯，
0.5-50重量%的防冻剂，其选自亚烷基二醇、甘油、盐或离子液体，
0.05-10重量%的腐蚀添加剂，
0.001-1重量%的用于防止泡沫形成的添加剂，和
0.05-5重量%的耐磨剂，
加水到100重量%。
2.权利要求1的润滑剂，其还含：
0.001-0.5重量%的杀生物剂和/或
0.05-5重量%的纳米颗粒。
3.权利要求1或2的润滑剂，其还含：
0.5-40重量%的润滑增稠剂，其选自由单羧酸和/或二羧酸形成的金属皂、尿素、片状硅酸盐、固体润滑剂和分散硅胶。
4.权利要求1-3之一的水基润滑剂在润滑链、传动齿轮、滚柱轴承和滑动轴承中的运行部件或润滑旋转轴中的密封件中的应用。
5.权利要求1-3之一的呈泡沫、喷雾或乳化状的水基润滑剂的应用，其借助于喷雾设备或泵喷雾设备施加，针对薄润滑膜的较好的表面润湿作用和较好的可探测性。
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