CN105567378A - 一种生物降解润滑油 - Google Patents

一种生物降解润滑油 Download PDF

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CN105567378A
CN105567378A CN201510990412.9A CN201510990412A CN105567378A CN 105567378 A CN105567378 A CN 105567378A CN 201510990412 A CN201510990412 A CN 201510990412A CN 105567378 A CN105567378 A CN 105567378A
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陈庆
叶任海
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Daqing city kathung Petrochemical Co. Ltd.
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Chengdu New Keli Chemical Science Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物降解润滑油，主要由包含蒙脱石和氧化锆的以下材料组成；菜籽油、十三烷基二酸异庚醇、蓖麻油、蒙脱石、氧化锆、抗氧剂、粘度改进剂、消泡剂组成。所述的菜籽油的重量份为35-40，十三烷基二酸异庚醇的重量份为30-35，蓖麻油的重量份为20-25，蒙脱石的重量份为3.0-5.0，氧化锆的重量份为1.6-2.0，抗氧剂的重量份为1.5-1.8，粘度改进剂为0.8-1.0，消泡剂的重量份为0.6-1.0；采用菜籽油、十三烷基二酸异庚醇和蓖麻油等可生物降解基础油，使制得的润滑油可以在短时间内生物降解，不会对环境造成污染和危害。本发明生产工艺简单，成本低廉，安全环保，具有市场应用前景。

Description

一种生物降解润滑油
技术领域
本发明属于石油化工领域，具体涉及一种生物降解润滑油。
背景技术
润滑油在航空、汽车、机械加工、交通运输、冶金、煤炭、建筑、轻工等行业有着极为广泛的应用。而传统的润滑油绝大多数以矿物油为基础油，它为减少摩擦磨损、节约能源、延长机械寿命及满足苛刻工况条件下的润滑需要发挥了巨大作用，然而，在其被大量使用的同时，不可避免地会通过运输、泄露、溅射、溢出或不恰当的排放等各种途径进入环境，严重污染着土壤和水资源，破坏生态环境和生态平衡。
中国专利公开号为CN103773555A公开了一种可生物降解的润滑油，该方法由基础油；抗氧剂；锈蚀抑制剂；抗泡剂；金属减活剂；破乳化剂；抗磨剂；清净剂；粘度指数改进剂；氧化铜粉；金属镁粉组成。所述的抗氧剂为二芳胺和二硫代氨基甲酸盐的混合物；锈蚀抑制剂为烷基琥珀酸衍生物；抗泡剂为二甲基硅氧烷聚合物；金属减活剂为三唑；破乳化剂为聚烷氧聚酚；抗磨剂为烷基含磷酸酯和盐；清净剂为石油磺酸钙；粘度指数改进剂为乙烯丙烯共聚物。该方法制备的润滑油具有质量高，延长润滑油的使用周期，提高润滑油的抗极压功效，全面提升润滑油的耐氧化，抗腐蚀，抗起泡，抗氧化功效更加提高等优点，但是该方法制备的润滑油润滑性能一般，应用领域较窄。
中国专利公开号为CN103194299A公开了一种可以生物降解的润滑油，该方法由基础油、抗氧剂、锈蚀抑制剂、抗泡剂、金属减活剂、破乳化剂、抗磨剂、氧化铜粉组成，所述的基础油为合成基础油聚a-烯烃和合成基础油合成脂以及合成基础油聚醚三种组份组成；抗氧剂为二芳胺和位阻酚的混合物，两种组份的重量份额为1∶1，也可是二芳胺和位阻酚的任意一种；锈蚀抑制剂为脂肪酸和胺的盐；抗泡剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷；金属减活剂为甲苯甲酰三唑衍生物；破乳化剂为聚烷氧基酚；抗磨剂为硫化磷酸三苯脂。氧化铜粉为纳米级粉料，其颗粒粒度为25-35nm，该方法制得的润滑油具有工作温度范围高，可生物降解，使用安全、环保的特点，但是该方法生产成本较高，推广应用困难。
中国专利公开号为CN102911770A公开了可生物降解的润滑油及其制备方法，该可生物降解润滑油包含受阻多元醇酯、无机纳米粒子及稀释剂等组成；其中，所述受阻多元醇酯可主要是采用生物酶催化的方法制备的。通过此方法制备的润滑油不仅具有优异的热稳定性和氧化稳定性还具有良好的水解稳定性、低温流动性、粘温性能、润滑性能、可生物降解，但仅适用于航空、金属加工、纺织、制革领域。
随着人们对润滑油质量和环境保护的重视，将易降解的植物油及合成润滑油应用于机械润滑中并受到广泛关注，因此，开发一种环境友好、易降解，而且高质量的润滑油来弥补现有润滑油的不足，对促进工业生产的发展具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明目的：为了克服同类产品中存在的不足，本发明提供一种生物降解润滑油，提高了产品的使用寿命，解决的普通润滑油不能被降解而污染环境的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案：为了解决上述问题，提供了一种生物降解润滑油，由包含蒙脱石和氧化锆的以下材料以重量份为单位组成：
菜籽油35-40
十三烷基二酸异庚醇30-35
蓖麻油20-25
蒙脱石3.0-5.0
氧化锆1.6-2.0
抗氧剂1.5-1.8
粘度改进剂0.8-1.0
消泡剂0.6-1.0
进一步地，所述菜籽油为饱和型硼氮化改性菜籽油。
进一步地，所述蓖麻油为硼氮化改性蓖麻油。
进一步地，所述蒙脱石为层状结构蒙脱石,粒径介于5纳米和10纳米之间，径厚比介于5：1和10：1之间。
进一步地，所述氧化锆为经由微乳液滴定沉淀，利用激光烧结而成的硬质球形氧化锆，粒径介于1纳米和5纳米之间。
进一步地，所述蒙脱石和氧化硅都经由十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性处理。
进一步地，所述抗氧剂为二叔丁基对甲酚抗氧防胶剂、N-苯基-α-苯胺、硫磷双辛基锌盐抗氧抗腐剂中的一种或多种；粘度改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、聚乙烯基正丁基醚、聚丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种；消泡剂为硅油类消泡剂。
上述的生物降解润滑油的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将重量份为35-40的菜籽油，重量份为30-35的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为20-25的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度600-720rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为3.0-5.0的蒙脱石，重量份为1.6-2.0的氧化锆，重量份为1.5-1.8的抗氧剂，重量份为0.8-1.0的粘度改进剂和重量份为0.6-1.0的消泡剂加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度900-1200rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
本发明的原理：利用改性后的层状蒙脱土和球形氧化锆的优异的流动性，提高了润滑油的润滑性；在抗氧剂和极压抗磨剂的共同作用下，提高了油膜强度，增强了润滑性能，延长了润滑油的使用寿命；由于油膜厚、粘度高增强，使得润滑油的防锈性和腐蚀性等防护性能得到提高；同时采用菜籽油、蓖麻油和十三烷基二酸异庚醇等可生物降解基础油，使制得的润滑油可以在短时间内生物降解，不会对环境造成污染和危害。
本发明突出特点和有益效果在于：
(1)本发明的润滑油由可生物降解的基础油以及多种助剂配置而成，可以在短时间内生物降解，不会对环境造成污染和危害；
(2)本发明的润滑油润滑性好，通过改性后的层状蒙脱土和球形氧化锆的优异的流动性，使得润滑油的润滑性能增强；同时在抗氧剂和极压抗磨剂的共同作用下，提高了油膜强度，增强了润滑性能，延长了润滑油的使用寿命；
(3)本发明润滑油的油膜厚、粘度高，提高了润滑油的防锈性和腐蚀性；
(4)本发明润滑油的生产工艺简单，成本低廉，安全环保，具有较高的市场应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面根据具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明，以下所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，在相同原理下，可以做出部分改进，这些改进也属于本发明的保护范围内：
实施例1：
一种生物降解润滑油：
(1)将重量份为35的菜籽油，重量份为30的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为20的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度600rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为5.0的蒙脱石，重量份为2.0的氧化锆，重量份为1.5的二叔丁基对甲酚抗氧防胶剂，重量份为0.8的聚甲基丙烯酸酯和重量份为0.6的甲基硅油加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度900rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
实施例2：
一种生物降解润滑油：
(1)将重量份为40的菜籽油，重量份为35的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为25的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度720rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为3.0的蒙脱石，重量份为2.0的氧化锆，重量份为1.8的N-苯基-α-苯胺，重量份为1.0的聚异丁烯、聚乙烯基正丁基醚和重量份为1.0的二甲基硅油加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度1200rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
实施例3：
一种生物降解润滑油：
(1)将重量份为36的菜籽油，重量份为32的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为23的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度660rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为3.5的蒙脱石，重量份为1.8的氧化锆，，重量份为1.6的硫磷双辛基锌盐抗氧抗腐剂和N-苯基-α-苯胺，重量份为0.9的聚乙烯基正丁基醚、聚丙烯酸酯和重量份为0.7的甲基硅油加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度1100rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
实施例4：
一种生物降解润滑油：
(1)将重量份为38的菜籽油，重量份为34的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为21的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度600rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为4.2的蒙脱石，重量份为1.6的氧化锆，重量份为1.6的二叔丁基对甲酚抗氧防胶剂，重量份为0.8的聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯和重量份为0.6的二甲基硅油加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度900rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
实施例5：
一种生物降解润滑油：
(1)将重量份为35的菜籽油，重量份为32的十三烷基二酸异庚醇，重量份为25的蓖麻油加入带搅拌器的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度720rpm，搅拌时间20分钟；
(2)将重量份为4.6的蒙脱石，重量份为1.9的氧化锆，重量份为1.8的二叔丁基对甲酚抗氧防胶剂和硫磷双辛基锌盐抗氧抗腐剂，重量份为1.0的聚异丁烯、聚乙烯基正丁基醚和重量份为0.9的二甲基硅油加入步骤（1）的调和釜中，搅拌温度60℃，搅拌速度480rpm，搅拌时间40分钟；
(3)将步骤（2）调和釜中搅拌均匀的油品包装成品，制得所需生物降解润滑油。
表一各实施例性能分析数据

Claims (3)

1.一种生物降解润滑油，其特征在于：由包含蒙脱石和氧化锆的以下材料以重量份组成：
菜籽油35-40
十三烷基二酸异庚醇30-35
蓖麻油20-25
蒙脱石3.0-5.0
氧化锆1.6-2.0
抗氧剂1.5-1.8
粘度改进剂0.8-1.0
消泡剂0.6-1.0。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解润滑油，其特征在于：所述菜籽油为饱和型硼氮化改性菜籽油；蓖麻油为硼氮化改性蓖麻油；蒙脱石为层状结构蒙脱石,粒径介于5纳米和10纳米之间，径厚比介于5：1和10：1之间；氧化锆为经由微乳液滴定沉淀，利用激光烧结而成的硬质球形氧化锆，粒径介于1纳米和5纳米之间；抗氧剂为二叔丁基对甲酚抗氧防胶剂、N-苯基-α-苯胺、硫磷双辛基锌盐抗氧抗腐剂中的一种或多种；粘度改进剂为聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚异丁烯、聚乙烯基正丁基醚、聚丙烯酸酯中的一种或多种；消泡剂为硅油类消泡剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物降解润滑油，其特征在于：生物降解润滑油的降解率介于85%和95%之间。
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