CN102471680B - 用于有机电致发光器件的材料 - Google Patents
用于有机电致发光器件的材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102471680B CN102471680B CN201080031691.1A CN201080031691A CN102471680B CN 102471680 B CN102471680 B CN 102471680B CN 201080031691 A CN201080031691 A CN 201080031691A CN 102471680 B CN102471680 B CN 102471680B
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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Abstract
本发明涉及4,4′-取代的螺二芴,由于优异的性能其适合作为有机电致发光器件中的功能材料。另外,本发明涉及制备4,4′-取代螺二芴的方法和这些化合物在有机电致发光器件中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及4,4′-取代的螺二芴,由于优异的性能其适合作为有机电致发光器件中的功能材料。另外,本发明涉及制备4,4′-取代螺二芴的方法和这些化合物在有机电致发光器件中的用途。
背景技术
有机电致发光器件的一般结构例如描述在US4539507、US5151629、EP0676461和WO98/27136中。然而,仍需要改进这些器件:
1.使用寿命仍很短,特别是在蓝色或绿色发光的情况下,这意味着迄今为止仅可以实现简单的工业应用。
2.在一些情况中,使用的化合物在常见的有机溶剂中仅是微溶的,这使得其在合成期间的纯化更加困难,而且使得从溶液中处理该材料和在制造电子器件中清洁设备更加困难。
3.所述使用的材料,特别是现有技术的螺二芴材料,通常具有低的三线态能量。这导致当与从三线态发光的材料组合时的发光猝灭,因此导致效率降低。
JP2006/256982和WO2002/051850描述了通过螺二芴单元2,2′-位连接的部分共轭的螺二芴化合物。
DE19804310和EP676461描述了通过螺二芴单元的2,2′,7,7′,4,4′-位连接的部分共轭的螺二芴化合物。
特别是,作为这些材料的优点提及了优异的加工性。然而,关于电子性能,它仅报道了当施加足够高的电压时观察到电致发光,没有关于电压、效率和寿命的评论。
尽管获得了有机电致发光器件的材料,但仍需要改进的热稳定的材料,其导致有机电子器件良好的效率,同时导致有机电子器件长的寿命,它在制造与操作该器件中会产生可重复的结果,并且它是合成易得的。在空穴和电子传输材料中也需要进一步的改进。
螺二芴材料具有用于气相沉积OLED的主要的优点,而且由于它们非常好的成膜性能和高的玻璃化转变温度,也具有从溶液中形成螺二芴聚合物薄膜或作为可溶的螺二芴分子的优点。然而,由于通常的连接(2,2′-位或2,7-位),它们总是包含对位连接的联苯桥连基,因此导致最低的共轭,这降低了带隙的适应性。在三芳基胺二聚物的情况下这变得特别显而易见,其中在每种情况下在一个三芳基胺上的两个芳基单元以螺的方式连接到第二个三芳基胺单元,因此具有比未桥连的三芳胺小的带隙。
尽管非对称的螺环化合物是已知的并能够制备,但其仅在困难的情况下才能以良好的产率和纯度合成得到。
4,4′-取代螺二芴能够使空穴和电子导体以及发光体连接到螺环单元上,而不形成对位连接的联苯桥连基,因此不存在上述的缺点。这例如可以给出不使绿色或蓝色三线态发光猝灭的空穴传输螺环材料,但与非常小的三苯胺或三甲苯胺相反,其具有良好的成膜性能和更高的玻璃化转变温度。对于电子导体可以使用相同的效果,其中已经观察到关于三线态能量与联苯桥连基类似的缺点。深蓝色发光体和三线态发光体的基质材料同样是可能的。
发明内容
本发明涉及如下通式I的化合物:
其中使用的符号具有如下含义:
R在每次出现时相同或者不同地选自F,CN,NO2,ArNAr2,NAr2,C(=O)Ar,ArC(=O)Ar,C(=O)R2,P(=O)Ar2,S(=O)Ar,S(=O)2Ar,-CR2=C(R2)2和具有5至60个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R1取代;此处两个键合至同一氮或磷原子的基团Ar也可以通过单键或选自B(R2)、C(R2)2、Si(R2)2、C=O、C=NR2、C=C(R2)2、O、S、S=O、SO2、N(R2)、P(R2)和P(=O)R2的桥连基彼此连接;
R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,Cl,Br,I,OH,CN,具有1至40个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基,和具有3至40个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基,或具有2至40个C原子的烯基或炔基,它们各自可被一个或多个基团R2取代,其中一个或多个非相邻的CH2基团可被R2C=CR2、C≡C、Si(R2)2、C=O、C=S、C=NR2、P(=O)(R2)、SO、SO2、NR2、O或S代替和其中一个或多个H原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2代替;其中另外,位于基团R邻位的各个R1,在R是芳族或杂芳族环系的情况下,可以是连接到基团R的二价单元;
Ar在每次出现时相同或者不同地是具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可被一个或多个基团R1取代;
R2在每次出现时相同或者不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的脂族、芳族或杂芳族烃基团,其中另外,一个或多个H原子可被D、F、CN代替,具有1至40个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基,或具有3至40个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基;此处两个或多个相邻的取代基R2也可以通过共价键彼此连接,或在其中包含的R2是芳族或杂芳族烃基团的情况下,也可以通过一个或多个二价脂族烃单元彼此连接。
单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系优选包含5至60个、特别优选5至40个、更优选5至30个、甚至更优选5至20个、甚至更优选6至14个、和最优选6至12个芳族环原子。在本发明的意义上的芳族环系在环系中包含6至60个C原子。在本发明的意义上的杂芳族环系在环系中包含1至60个C原子和至少一个杂原子,条件是C原子和杂原子的总和至少为5。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和/或S。在本发明意义上的芳族或杂芳族环系旨在被认为是指不必仅包含芳基或杂芳基的体系,而是其中多个芳基或杂芳基也可被短的非芳族单元例如C、N或O原子连接。因此,为了本发明的目的,例如9,9′-螺二芴、9,9-二芳基芴、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、茋、二苯甲酮等体系也旨在被认为是指芳族环系。同样,芳烃或杂芳族环系被认为是指其中多个芳基或杂芳基通过单键彼此连接的体系,例如联苯、三联苯或联吡啶。
在每种情况下也可以被如上所述基团R1取代、优选被基团R1的非芳族代表物取代,且可以通过芳族或杂芳族环系上的任何希望的位置连接的本发明的芳族或杂芳族环系的例子包括如下例子:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、苝、荧蒽、并四苯、并五苯、苯并蒽、苯并菲、二苯并蒽、苯并芘、联苯、偶苯、三联苯、三亚苯、芴、螺二芴、二氢菲、二氢芘、四氢芘、顺式或反式茚并芴、顺式或反式吲哚并咔唑、顺式或反式茚并咔唑、三聚茚、异三聚茚、螺三聚茚、螺异三聚茚、呋喃、苯并呋喃、异苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、异苯并噻吩、硫芴、吡咯、吲哚、异吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉、吖啶、菲啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、吩噻嗪、吩嗪、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡嗪并咪唑、喹喔啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、异唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、哒嗪、苯并哒嗪、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喔啉、1,5-二氮杂蒽、2,7-二氮杂芘、2,3-二氮杂芘、1,6-二氮杂芘、1,8-二氮杂芘、4,5-二氮杂芘、4,5,9,10-四氮杂苝、吡嗪、吩嗪、吩嗪、吩噻嗪、荧红环、二氮杂萘、氮杂咔唑、苯并咔啉、菲咯啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,2,3-三嗪、四唑、1,2,4,5-四嗪、1,2,3,4-四嗪、1,2,3,5-四嗪、嘌呤、蝶啶、吲嗪和苯并噻二唑。
为了本发明的目的,直链、支链或环状的烷基被认为是指烷基、烯基或炔基,其分别优选具有1至40个C原子、更优选1至20个C原子、或3至40个C原子、更优选3至20个C原子。环状的烷基可以是单、双或多环的烷基。单独的-CH或-CH2-基团可被N、NH、O或S代替。优选基团甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基(1-甲基丙基)、叔丁基、异戊基、正戊基、叔戊基(1,1-二甲丙基)、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲丙基(新戊基)、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、正己基、异己基、1,2-二甲基丁基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基丁基、1-甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、环戊烯基、己烯基、环己烯基、庚烯基、环庚烯基、辛烯基、环辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基和辛炔基。
直链、支链或环状的烷氧基或硫代烷氧基被认为是指如上定义的通过O或S原子与化合物剩余部分键合的烷基。优选的烷氧基是甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基、叔丁氧基或2-甲基丁氧基。
本发明的具有1至20个或3至20个碳原子的脂族烃优选是直链、支链或环状的烷基、烯基或炔基,其中一个或多个碳原子可被O、N或S代替。另外,一个或多个氢原子可被氟代替。具有1至20个碳原子的脂族烃的例子是上述的基团。
芳族或杂芳族烃优选包含5至20个、更优选5至10个、最优选5或6个芳族环原子。如果所述单元是芳族单元,则它优选包含6至20个、更优选6至10个、最优选6个碳原子作为环原子。如果所述单元是杂芳族单元,则它包含5至20个、更优选5至10个、最优选5个芳族环原子,其中至少一个是杂原子。所述杂原子优选选自N、O和/或S。此处芳族或杂芳族单元被认为是指或者是简单的芳族环,即,苯,或者是简单的杂芳族环,例如,吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等,或者是稠合的芳基或杂芳基,例如,萘、蒽、菲、喹啉、异喹啉、苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃和吲哚等。
因此,本发明的芳族或杂芳族单元的例子是以上已经提及的对于芳族或杂芳族环系的基团。
如果位于基团R邻位的R1是与基团R连接的二价单元,则该二价单元优选是-C(R3)2-单元,其中R3是具有1至20个、优选1至10个、更优选1至6个、和最优选1至3个碳原子的脂族烃基团,或具有5至20个、更优选5至10个、和最优选5或6个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族烃基团。R3在每种情况下特别优选相同或不同地,优选相同地在每次出现时是甲基或苯基。在这种情况下,基团R1和R一起形成二价单元,它们优选选自如下基团:
其中虚线旨在代表与在画出相应R和R1位置处的螺二芴结合的键,和其中在苯基上的虚线或在氮原子上的虚线旨在代表与在作为取代基画出的R处的原子结合的键。
在本发明另外的实施方式中,通式I化合物的R在每种情况下优选彼此独立地选自NAr2,C(=O)R2,CR2=C(R2)2和具有5至40个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R1取代;其中另外,键合至同一氮原子的两个基团Ar可以通过单键或选自C(R2)2、C=O、O、S和N(R2)的桥连基彼此连接。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,通式I化合物的R优选彼此独立地是NAr2或具有5至20个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系。R更优选为NAr2或具有5至20个、更优选6至12个芳族环原子的单或多环的杂芳族环系,其中一个或多个环原子是氮原子。换句话说,R是缺电子杂芳族基团。因此,甚至更优选具有6个芳族环原子的杂芳族基团,其中至少一个是N原子,或具有5个芳族环原子的杂芳族基团,其中至少两个是杂原子,优选其之一是N原子。其优选的例子是:吡啶、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、1,2,4-三嗪、1,3,5-三嗪、喹啉、异喹啉、吡唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、噻唑、苯并噻唑、唑、苯并唑。R最优选是取代或未取代的1,3,5-三嗪或苯并咪唑。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,通式I化合物的R优选选自如下基团:
其中所述基团中的虚线旨在表明基团在该位置处键合,其中基团Ar和R1旨在具有如上相同的含意,其中s和q各自彼此独立地是0或1,其中,对于s=0或q=0,所指的R1被H代替。E选自C(R1)2、NR1、O、C=O、S、S=O和S(O)2。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,R1在每次出现时相同或不同地优选选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基和具有3至20个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基;其中另外,位于基团R邻位的各个R1可以是二价单元,它们可以被连接到基团R的芳族或杂芳族环系。
优选将两个芳族或杂芳族烃基团彼此连结的二价脂族烃单元优选是-CH2-(CH2)h-CH2-基团,其中h等于0、1、2或3,和在多价、优选三价或四价单元的情况下,其为具有4至10个碳原子的脂族基团。这些单元的一个或多个、优选一个CH2基团可被NH、O或S代替,和一个或多个、优选一个CH基团可被N代替。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,Ar优选是具有5至14个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,通式I的化合物特征在于如下的通式II或III:
其中符号R和R1具有如上述实施方式中相同的含义。上述的优选实施方式同样适用于通式II和III的化合物。
本发明所述的实施方式或优选的范围或定义能够依照要求彼此结合是本发明的一部分。
此外,优选通式I的化合物符合如下结构式:
能够通过本领域普通技术人员熟知的合成步骤制备本发明的化合物。使用的起始物质优选是4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴,它能够通过显示于方案1中的方法制备。
方案1:
为此目的,在第一步骤中使1,2-二溴苯和1-甲氧基-3-溴苯在格利雅反应中彼此偶联生成2-溴-5′-甲氧基联苯。然后将这些分子的两个在丁基锂存在下经由CO通过消去溴原子彼此偶联。在随后的各个2′-位置处的溴化之后,在酸存在下进行环化生成4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴。
方案2:
方案2显示了从4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴制备本发明化合物的四种不同的可能途径。开头两种情况包括Suzuki偶联,其中使起始化合物与相应的硼酸反应。第三个反应是Hartwig-Buchwald反应。最后的情形也涉及Suzuki偶联,其中使螺二芴的硼酸衍生物与杂芳基氯反应。两种反应类型对于本领域普通技术人员而言都是熟知的,并多次描述于文献中。所有方案共同的特征是例如通过与N-苯基-5-氯四唑和H2反应还原除去甲氧基。
此外,本发明涉及制备通式I至III化合物的方法,其特征在于使在4和4′位被反应性离去基团,特别是氯、溴、碘、三氟甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、硼酸或硼酸酯取代的螺二芴或螺二芴衍生物,特别是通过利用钯催化的Suzuki偶联,或通过钯催化的Hartwig-Buchwald偶联与官能化的芳族化合物或单或二取代的胺偶联。
此外,本发明涉及包括至少一种通式I、II或III的化合物和至少一种另外的化合物的混合物。此处另外的化合物例如可以是发光化合物,例如磷光发光体和/或主体材料。
为从溶液中处理本发明的化合物,化合物的溶液和制剂是必需的。因此,本发明还涉及包括至少一种通式I、II或III的化合物和至少一种溶剂、优选有机溶剂的制剂或溶液。
此外,本发明涉及以上定义的本发明化合物在电子器件中的用途。
此外,本发明涉及包括至少一种如上定义的本发明化合物的电子器件。
所述电子器件优选选自有机电致发光器件(OLED)、有机场效应晶体管(O-FET)、有机薄膜晶体管(O-TFT)、有机发光晶体管(O-LET)、有机集成电路(O-IC)、有机太阳能电池(O-SC)、有机场猝熄器件(O-FQD)、发光电化学电池(LEC)、有机光感受器或有机激光二极管(O-laser)。
所述有机电致发光器件包括阳极、阴极和至少一个发光层,其中至少一个层包括至少一种通式I至III的化合物,所述的层可以是空穴传输或空穴注入层、发光层、电子传输层或另外的层。
此外优选如下的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于在相同层或不同的层中使用多种发光化合物。这些化合物特别优选总共具有多个在380nm和750nm之间的发光峰值,导致总体上白色发光,即,除通式I至III的化合物之外,还使用至少一种另外的能够发荧光或磷光的发光化合物。特别优选三层体系,这些层的至少一个包括通式I至III的化合物,其中所述层显示蓝色、绿色和橙色或者红色发光(对于基本结构,例如见WO05/011013)。宽频带的发光体同样能够用于发白色光的OLED中。
除了阴极、阳极和发光层,所述有机电致发光器件也可以包括另外的层。这些层例如可以为:空穴注入层、空穴传输层、电子阻挡层、激子阻挡层、空穴阻挡层、电子传输层、电子注入层、有机或无机p/n结和/或电荷产生层(T.Matsumoto等人,MultiphotonOrganicELDeviceHavingChargeGenerationLayer,IDMC2003,Taiwan;Session21OLED(5))。然而,在这一点上应当指出这些层不必各个都存在。或者,所述主体材料在电子传输层中也可以同时作为电子传输材料。同样可以优选的是所述有机电致发光器件不包括单独的空穴传输层,以及所述发光层与所述空穴注入层或所述阳极直接相邻。此外可以优选通式I至III的化合物同时用作发光层中的主体,并且取决于取代基,其在空穴传输层和/或空穴注入层中作为空穴传导化合物(作为纯物质或作为混合物),或在电子传输层中作为电子传导化合物(作为纯物质或作为混合物)。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,将通式I至II的化合物用作空穴传输材料和/或用作空穴注入材料。此处发光层可以是荧光或磷光层。这不仅是适用的,而且如果R代表-NAr2或-Ar-NAr2时是特别适用的。则所述化合物优选用于空穴传输层和/或空穴注入层中。在本发明意义上的空穴注入层是与阳极直接相邻的层。在本发明意义上的空穴传输层是位于空穴注入层和发光层之间的层。如果通式I至III的化合物用作空穴传输或空穴注入材料,则它们优选可以掺杂有电子接受体化合物,例如掺杂有F4-TCNQ(四氟四氰基喹啉二甲烷)或掺杂有如EP1476881或EP1596445中描述的化合物。
如果通式I至III的化合物用作空穴传输层中的空穴传输材料,则也可以优选100%的比例,即,作为纯材料使用该化合物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,将通式I至III的化合物用于与包含六氮杂苯并菲衍生物、特别是六氰基六氮杂苯并菲的层结合的空穴传输或空穴注入层中(例如根据EP1175470)。因此,例如优选如下的组合:阳极-六氮杂苯并菲衍生物-空穴传输层,其中所述空穴传输层包含一种或多种通式I至III的化合物。在该结构中同样可以使用多个连续的空穴传输层,其中至少一个空穴传输层包含至少一种通式I至III的化合物。另外优选的组合如下:阳极-空穴传输层-六氮杂苯并菲衍生物-空穴传输层,其中两个空穴传输层的至少一个包含一种或多种通式I至III的化合物。在该结构中同样可以使用多个连续的空穴传输层而不是一个空穴传输层,其中至少一个空穴传输层包含至少一种通式I至III的化合物。
此外,优选将通式I至III的化合物用作荧光和磷光OLED的电子传输材料和/或空穴阻挡材料。特别是,如果R代表或包含缺电子杂芳族基团,例如三嗪或苯并咪唑,或包含羰基取代基时,就是这种情况。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,将通式I至III的化合物用作发光层中荧光或磷光化合物的基质材料。此处的有机电致发光器件可以包括一个发光层,或多个发光层,其中至少一个发光层包含至少一种本发明的化合物作为基质材料。
如果将通式I至III的化合物用作发光层中发光化合物的基质材料,则优选将其与一种或多种磷光材料(三线态发光体)组合使用。本发明化合物的结构意味着它们具有高的三线态水平,因此非常高度地适合用于电致磷光器件中。在本发明意义上的磷光被认为是指从具有相对高的自旋多重度、即自旋多重度>1的激发态,特别是从激发三线态发光。为了本申请的目的,含有第二和第三过渡金属系金属的所有的发光络合物,特别是所有的铱和铂络合物,和所有的发光的铜络合物被认为是磷光化合物。此处,磷光化合物可以是遍及可见光谱发光的化合物,特别是红色、橙色、黄色、绿色或蓝色光。
基于发光体和基质材料的全部混合物,通式I至III或优选实施方式的化合物和发光化合物的混合物包含99至1重量%、优选98至10重量%、特别优选97至60重量%、尤其是95至80重量%的通式I至III的化合物。相应地,基于发光体和基质材料的全部混合物,所述混合物包含1至99重量%、优选2至90重量%、特别优选3至40重量%、特别是5至20重量%的发光体。
本发明另外的优选实施方式是将作为磷光发光体基质材料的通式I至III的化合物与其它基质材料组合使用。可以与通式I至III的化合物组合使用的特别适当的基质材料是芳族酮,芳族氧化膦或芳族亚砜或砜,例如根据WO04/013080、WO04/093207、WO06/005627或WO2010/006680中公开的;三芳基胺,咔唑衍生物,例如CBP(N,N-二咔唑基联苯)或公开在WO05/039246、US2005/0069729、JP2004/288381、EP1205527或WO08/086851中的咔唑衍生物;吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据WO07/063754或WO08/056746中公开的;氮杂咔唑衍生物,例如根据EP1617710、EP1617711、EP1731584、JP2005/347160中公开的;双极性基质材料,例如根据WO07/137725中公开的;硅烷,例如根据WO05/111172中公开的;氮杂硼杂环戊二烯或硼酸酯,例如根据WO06/117052中公开的;三嗪衍生物,例如根据WO2010/015306、WO07/063754或WO08/056746中公开的;锌络合物,例如根据EP652273或WO09/062578中公开的;二氮杂噻咯或四氮杂噻咯衍生物,例如根据未公布的申请DE102008056688.8中记载的,二氮杂磷杂环戊二烯衍生物,例如根据未公布的申请DE102009022858.9中记载的,或茚并咔唑衍生物,例如根据未公布的申请DE102009023155.2和DE102009031021.5中记载的。
适当的磷光化合物(=三线态发光体)特别是经适当的激发时发光、优选在可见区发光的化合物,且其另外包含至少一种原子序数大于20、优选大于38但小于84、特别优选大于56但小于80的原子。使用的磷光发光体优选是包含铜、钼、钨、铼、钌、锇、铑、铱、钯、铂、银、金或铕的化合物,特别是包含铱或铂的化合物。
上面描述的发光体例子被如下申请公开:WO00/70655、WO01/41512、WO02/02714、WO02/15645、EP1191613、EP1191612、EP1191614、WO05/033244、WO05/019373和US2005/0258742。同样适当的例如是根据未公开的申请EP10006208.2和DE102010027317.1中记载的络合物。一般说来,如在有机电致发光领域中的普通技术人员熟知的,如现有技术中用于磷光OLED的所有磷光络合物都是适当的,且本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下能够使用其它的磷光络合物。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,本发明的有机电致发光器件不包括单独的空穴注入层和/或空穴传输层和/或空穴阻挡层和/或电子传输层,即,如例如在WO05/053051中描述的,发光层与空穴注入层或阳极直接相邻,和/或发光层与电子传输层或电子注入层或阴极直接相邻。此外,如例如在WO09/030981中所描述的,可以使用与发光层中的金属络合物相同或类似的金属络合物作为与发光层直接相邻的空穴传输或空穴注入材料。
在本发明又一另外的实施方式中,将通式I至III的化合物用于发光层中,优选用于与至少一种另外化合物的混合物中。优选混合物中的通式I至III的化合物是发光化合物(掺杂剂)。优选的主体材料是有机化合物,其发光波长比通式I至III的化合物的发光波长更短,或根本不发光。
在发光层混合物中通式I至III的化合物的比例为0.1至99.0重量%、优选0.5至50.0重量%、特别优选1.0至20.0重量%、特别是1.0至10.0重量%。相应地,该层中主体材料的比例为1.0至99.9重量%、优选50.0至99.5重量%、特别优选80.0至99.0重量%、特别是90.0至99.0重量%。
适当的主体材料是多种类别的物质。优选的主体材料选自如下类别:低聚亚芳基(例如根据EP676461的2,2′,7,7′-四苯基螺二芴,或二萘蒽),特别是含稠合芳族基团的低聚亚芳基、低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基(例如根据EP676461的DPVBi或螺DPVBi);多足金属络合物(例如根据WO04/081017);空穴传导化合物(例如根据WO04/058911);电子传导化合物,特别是酮、氧化膦、亚砜等(例如根据WO05/084081或WO05/084082);阻转异构体(例如根据EP1655359);硼酸衍生物(例如根据WO06/117052);苯并蒽衍生物(例如根据WO08/145239);或苯并菲衍生物(例如根据WO09/069566或根据未公布的申请DE102009005746.3)。特别优选的主体材料选自如下的类别:低聚亚芳基,其包括萘、蒽、苯并蒽和/或芘或者这些化合物的阻转异构体,低聚亚芳基亚乙烯基,酮,氧化膦和亚砜。非常特别优选的主体材料选自包括萘、蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲和/或芘或这些化合物阻转异构体的低聚亚芳基。
所述阴极优选包括具有低逸出功的金属,金属合金或多层结构,其包括多种金属例如碱土金属、碱金属、主族金属或镧系元素(例如Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等)。在多层结构的情况下,除所述金属之外,也可以使用具有相对高逸出功的其它金属例如Ag,在这种情况下,通常使用金属的组合,例如Mg/Ag、Ca/Ag或者Ba/Ag。同样优选金属合金,特别是包括碱金属或碱土金属和银的合金,特别优选Mg和Ag的合金。也可以优选在金属阴极和有机半导体之间引入具有高介电常数的材料的薄中间层。适合于该目的例如是碱金属或碱土金属氟化物,以及相应的氧化物或碳酸盐(例如LiF、Li2O、CsF、Cs2CO3、BaF2、MgO、NaF等),以及这些金属的有机络合物,例如8-羟基喹啉锂(Liq)。该层的层厚度优选为0.5至5nm。
所述阳极优选包含具有高逸出功的材料。优选所述阳极具有相对于真空大于4.5电子伏特的逸出功。适于该目的的一方面是具有高氧化还原电势的金属,例如Ag、Pt或者Au。另一方面,也可以优选金属/金属氧化物电极(例如Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)。对于一些应用,所述电极中的至少一个必须是透明的或部分透明的,以能够使有机材料发光(O-SC),或耦合输出光(OLED/PLED,O-laser)。此处优选的阳极材料是导电的混合的金属氧化物。特别优选氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化铟锌(IZO)。此外优选导电的掺杂有机材料,特别是导电的掺杂聚合物。
所述器件被相应地结构化(取决于应用),提供以电接触和最后被密封,因为该类型器件的寿命在水和/或空气存在下急剧缩短。
此外优选如下有机电致发光器件,其特征在于通过升华方法施加一个或多个层,其中在真空升华装置中,在低于10-5毫巴、优选低于10-6毫巴的初压下气相沉积所述材料。然而,应当指出所述初压也可以甚至更低,例如小于10-7毫巴。
同样优选如下有机电致发光器件,其特征在于通过OVPD(有机气相沉积)方法或者借助于载气升华施加一个或多个层,其中,在10-5毫巴至1巴之间的压力下施加所述材料。该方法的特别的例子是OVJP(有机蒸气喷印)方法,其中所述材料通过喷嘴直接施加,并因此是结构化的(例如M.S.Arnold等人,Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
此外优选如下有机电致发光器件,其特征在于从溶液中例如通过旋涂,或者通过任何希望的印刷方法例如丝网印刷、柔性版印刷、平版印刷、LITI(光引发热成像,热转印)、喷墨印刷或喷嘴印刷产生一个或多个层。可溶的通式I至III的化合物对于该目的是必要的。可通过适当取代所述化合物实现高的溶解性。
在用于有机电致发光器件中时,本发明的化合物相对于现有技术具有如下令人惊讶的优点:
1.与其中在螺二芴2,2′-位上键合相似的取代基的现有技术体系相比,相应器件的量子效率变得更高。其原因可能是由于没有对位连接的联苯桥连基和薄膜中更大的几何无序性,降低了猝灭效应。
2.与现有技术的体系相比,特别是当使用厚的层时,相应器件的稳定性变得更高,这特别从显著更长的寿命中显而易见。
3.当使用本发明化合物作为空穴传输和/或空穴注入层中的空穴传输材料时,显而易见电压与相应的空穴传输或空穴注入层的层厚度不太相关。相比之下,在空穴传输或空穴注入层具有相对厚的层厚度的情况下,对于现有技术的材料实现了更大的电压增加,这又导致了OLED更低的功率效率。
4.然而,特别是,本发明化合物的结晶度得以改进。然而,在气相沉积期间现有技术的化合物有时在气相沉积源上结晶,因此在长期的气相沉积期间导致源的堵塞,这种事情在大规模工业生产中会发生,在本发明化合物的情况下,没有观察到,或仅在最小的程度长观察到这种现象。因此,本发明的化合物比现有技术的化合物更适合用于大规模生产。
5.高的三线态水平使得本发明化合物也适合用于蓝色和绿色电致磷光器件中,然而相应的2,2′-取代的螺二芴衍生物不太适合于该目的。
本发明申请文本以及如下的实施例涉及本发明的化合物在OLED和相应显示器相关方面中的用途。尽管所述描述是有限的,但对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不需要其它创造性劳动的情况下,也可以将本发明的化合物进一步用于其它电子器件中。
现在通过如下实施例更详细地解释本发明,但不希望由此限制本发明。基于本发明的描述,本领域普通技术人员将能够在公开的整个范围内实施本发明,在不需要创造性劳动的情况下制备本发明的另外的化合物,并将它们用于电子器件中或使用本发明的方法。
具体实施方式
实施例
除非另外注明,以下合成在保护气体气氛下在干燥溶剂中进行。能够根据X.Cheng等人的OrganicLetters2004,6(14),2381-2383中的方法合成用作原料的4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴。
实施例1:合成4,4′-双(萘-1-基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴
将在300ml甲苯、100ml二烷和400ml水混合物中的25.5g(120mmol)磷酸三钾,913mg(3mmol)三邻甲苯基膦,然后112mg(0.5mmol)乙酸钯(II)加入到充分搅拌的26.7g(50mmol)4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴和22.4g(130mmol)1-萘硼酸的悬浮液中,然后将该混合物加热回流16h。冷却之后,用抽吸过滤掉沉淀的固体,将其用50ml甲苯洗涤三次,用50ml乙醇∶水(1∶1,体积∶体积)洗涤三次,和用100ml乙醇洗涤三次,然后从DMF(约10ml/g)中重结晶三次。产率:20g(31mmol),65.0%,纯度:99.9%(HPLC)。
实施例2:合成4,4′-双(萘-1-基)-9,9′-螺二芴
将充分搅拌的31.5g(50mmol)4,4′-双(萘-1-基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴、18.1g(100mmol)1-苯基-5-氯四唑和27.6g(200mmol)K2CO3的悬浮液在250ml丙酮中加热回流18h。冷却之后,用抽吸过滤去沉淀的固体并干燥。将该固体溶解在200ml甲苯中,加入6g5%的Pd/C,将该混合物在40℃下在氢气氛下搅拌8h。在除去溶剂之后,将残余物用50ml乙醇∶水(1∶1,体积∶体积)洗涤三次,用100ml乙醇洗涤三次,然后从DMF(约10ml/g)中重结晶三次。产率:18.7g(33mmol),69.0%,纯度:99.9%(HPLC)。
实施例3:合成4,4′-双(二苯基氨基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴
将190μL(1mmol)二叔丁基氯化膦,然后112mg(0.5mmol)乙酸钯(II)加入到19.7g(37mmol)4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴、10.2g(60mmol)二苯胺和7.7g(80mmol)叔丁醇钠在500ml甲苯的悬浮液中,然后将该混合物加热回流5h。冷却到60℃之后,加入500ml水,分离去有机相,将其通过硅胶过滤,在80℃下在真空中蒸发至近乎干燥,然后加入300ml的乙醇。冷却之后,用抽吸过滤去固体。从二烷(约8ml/g)中重结晶五次。产率:18.8g(26.5mmol),72%,纯度87%(HPLC)。
实施例4:合成4,4′-双(二苯基氨基)-9,9′-螺二芴
将充分搅拌的35.5g(50mmol)4,4′-双(二苯基氨基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴、18.1g(100mmol)1-苯基-5-氯四唑和27.6g(200mmol)K2CO3的悬浮液在250ml丙酮中加热回流18h。冷却之后,用抽吸过滤去沉淀的固体并干燥。将该固体溶解在200ml甲苯中,加入6gPd/C(5%),将该混合物在40℃在氢气氛下搅拌8h。在除去溶剂之后,将残余物用50ml乙醇∶水(1∶1,体积∶体积)洗涤三次,用100ml乙醇洗涤三次,然后从DMF(约10ml/g)中重结晶三次。产率:21.1g(32.43mmol),65.0%,纯度:99.9%(HPLC)。
实施例5:合成1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴-4,4′-硼酸
将73.7ml(184mmol)正丁基锂(在己烷中2.5M)逐滴加入到冷却到-78℃的48g(90mmol)4,4′-二溴-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴在950ml二乙醚中的溶液中。将该反应混合物在-78℃下搅拌30分钟。将该混合物放置达到室温,再冷却到-78℃,然后迅速加入26.4ml(234mmol)硼酸三甲酯在50ml二乙醚中的混合物。在温热到-10℃之后,使用90ml2N的盐酸水解该混合物。分离去有机相,将其用水洗涤,用硫酸钠干燥并蒸发至干。将该残余物溶解在200ml正庚烷中,用抽吸过滤掉无色的固体,将其用正庚烷洗涤,并在真空下干燥。产率:40.5g(870mmol),理论值的97%;纯度:根据1H-NMR为97%。
实施例6:合成4,4′-双(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴
将23.2g(50mmol)1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴-4,4′-硼酸、29.5g(110mmol)2-氯-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪和44.6g(210mmol)磷酸三钾悬浮在500ml甲苯、500ml二烷和500ml水中。将913mg(3mmol)三邻甲苯基膦,然后112mg(0.5mmol)乙酸钯(II)加入到该悬浮液中,将该反应混合物加热回流16h。冷却之后,分离去有机相,将其通过硅胶过滤,用200ml水洗涤三次,然后蒸发至干。从甲苯中和从二氯甲烷/异丙醇中重结晶残余物,最后在高真空(p=5×10-5毫巴,T=385℃)下升华。产率是36.4g(43mmol),对应于理论值的87.5%。纯度:根据1H-NMR为98%。
实施例7:合成4,4′-双(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-9,9′-螺二芴
将充分搅拌的41.9g(50mmol)4,4′-双(4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-1,1′-二甲氧基-9,9′-螺二芴、18.1g(100mmol)1-苯基-5-氯四唑和27.6g(200mmol)K2CO3的悬浮液在250ml丙酮中加热回流18h。冷却之后,用抽吸过滤去沉淀的固体并干燥。将该固体溶解在200ml甲苯中,加入6gPd/C(5%),将该混合物在40℃在氢气氛下搅拌8h。在除去溶剂之后,将残余物用50ml乙醇∶水(1∶1,体积∶体积)洗涤三次,用100ml乙醇洗涤三次,然后从DMF(约10ml/g)中重结晶三次。产率:25.6g(32.96mmol),66.0%,纯度:99.9%(HPLC)。
用途实施例:
实施例8至12和比较例1至5:
为能够证明4,4′-取代螺环材料的优势,对于本发明从溶液中制造OLED器件。首先,此处,混合物料相对简单,其次,发光层(EML)的层厚度通常比在其它生产工艺情况下要大得多,因此传输材料必须也存在于EML中(EML从溶液中施加时通常为60-80nm,气相沉积:20-40nm)。然而,这些传输材料的浓度通常在~20重量%的范围变化,这意味着不能预期发光被完全猝灭。然而,比较2,2′-取代的螺二芴和4,4′-取代的螺二芴,能够证明在4,4′-连接材料的情况下效率的系统改进。
溶液处理的OLED的制造同样基于小分子的聚合有机发光二极管(PLED)。这已经多次描述在文献中(例如WO04/037887中)。典型的器件具有在图1中描述的结构,其中应当指出中间层3是任选的。在图1中的数值具有如下含义:
1:ITO(氧化铟锡);
2:PEDOT缓冲层,约80nm;
3:中间层,约20nm;
4:EML,约80nm;
5:Ba/Al阴极;3nm/150nm。
对于溶液处理的OLED的制造,遵循如下步骤:
尤其是从Technoprint制造的基底用于专门设计用于构造试验器件的布置图(图2,左边示意图:施加到玻璃支撑体的ITO结构,右边示意图:具有ITO的完整的电子结构,气相沉积的阴极和任选的供电线路的金属化)。通过以导致出现4像素2×2毫米图样的方式溅射将该ITO结构(氧化铟锡,透明的导电阳极)施加到钠钙玻璃上,同时在制造过程结束时将阴极气相沉积。
在洁净室中用去离子水和清洁剂(Deconex15PF)清洁基底,然后通过UV/臭氧等离子体处理活化(来自UVP的光致反应器的15分钟UV臭氧)。同样在洁净室中,然后通过旋涂施加80nm的PEDOT层(PEDOT是聚噻吩衍生物(BaytronPVAI4083sp.),得自H.C.Starck,Goslar,作为水分散体提供)。需要的转速取决于稀释度和特定的旋转涂布机的几何结构(通常对于80nm为4500转/分)。为从该层中除去残余水,在180℃的电炉上加热基底10分钟。然后,从甲苯溶液中,如有必要在惰性气体气氛(氮或氩)下,首先施加20nm的中间层(通常为空穴占优势的聚合物,此处为得自Merck的HIL-012),然后施加80nm的有源层(中间层的浓度5g/L,小分子的固体浓度通常在12至30mg/ml)。通过在180℃下加热至少10分钟干燥该双层。然后通过气相沉积掩模(得自Aldrich的高纯金属,特别是钡99.99%(定货号:474711)以显示的图样气相沉积Ba/Al阴极;气相沉积装置得自Lesker或其它厂商,通常真空水平为5×10-6毫巴)。为保护阴极,特别是,保护阴极免受空气和大气水分的影响,最后将该器件封装然后表征。
为此目的,将该器件夹到专门制造的用于基底尺寸并设有弹簧接触的夹持器中。可将具有眼睛响应滤光片的光敏二极管直接放置在测量夹持器上以排除来自外部光线的影响。典型的测量装置描述在图3中。图3中的编号具有如下含义:
6:电位计(Keithley617);
7:用于测量光强的测量仪器(UDT265明亮度传感器);
8:箭头表明要测量的光强(hv);
9:测量光强的器件;
10:伏特计(Keithley199DMM);
11:安培计(Keithley199DMM);
12:电源(Keithley230)。
通常将电压以0.2V的步长从0增加至最大值20V,再将其降低。对于每一测量点,通过光敏二极管测量通过器件的电流和获得的光电流。以这种方法,获得试验器件的IUL数据。此处最重要的参数是测量的最大效率(以cd/A表示的最大效率)。
另外,为了了解试验器件颜色和确切的电致发光光谱,在第一次测量之后再次施加100cd/m2需要的电压,用光谱测量头代替光敏二极管。通过光学纤维将其连接到光谱仪(OceanOptics)上。从测定的光谱中能够获得彩色坐标(CIE:CommissionInternationaledel′éclairage,从1931的标准观测者(standardobserver))。
对于材料可用性特别重要的是器件的寿命。这在非常类似于开始评价的测量装置中,以设置初始发光密度(例如为1000cd/m2)的方式进行测定。将该发光密度所需要的电流保持恒定,同时电压通常增加,发光密度降低。当初始发光密度下降到初值的50%时达到了寿命。
为清楚起见以下描绘使用的材料的结构:
为说明本发明,首先在实施例8和9以及对比例1和2中制造了没有中间层的绿色三线态器件。该层的组合物在每种情况下由如下组成:在由30%的聚苯乙烯作为粘结剂(得自AlfaAesar的GPCStandard,200,000g/mol)组成的基质中8%的三线态发光体(得自Merck的TEG),20%的电子导体(得自Merck的EL1和EL2),30%的宽带隙三线态基质(得自Merck的TMM-004)和20%的空穴导体。一方面,使用的空穴导体是4,4′-连接的化合物(根据实施例4),另一方面是对应的2,2′-连接化合物。所述结果显示于表1中。为清楚起见以下描绘了使用的空穴导体(现有技术2,2′-连接的化合物,和本发明的4,4′-连接的化合物):
表1
在第二系列的实验(实施例10和11以及对比例3和4)中,该层中发光体的浓度增加到20重量%。在其它方面,器件结构与实施例8和9以及对比例1和2中的相同。由于更高的发光体浓度,发光体位于猝灭分子直接邻近位置的几率同样增加。根据预期,结果对在4,4′-结构单元情况下能够实现的效率的影响同样增加。所述发光体浓度增加的结果显示于表2中。
表2
在第三系列的实验(实施例12和对比例5)中,将以4,4′-构造的电子导体(根据实施例7)与以2,2′-构造的电子导体而不是与空穴导体进行比较。因为在这种情况下没有使用空穴导体,所以使用中间层(得自Merck的HIL-012)。除三线态发光体(如在前述实施例中的TEG,20重量%)之外,EML同样也包括宽带隙的基质(得自Merck的TMM)和作为粘结剂的聚苯乙烯。因为在这种情况下三线态层不直接与PEDOT接触,所以此处也测量寿命。在其它方面,器件结构与以上给出的实施例中的器件结构相同。此处显而易见使用4,4′-连接的材料同样对该重要的参数具有有利的影响。该系列实验的结果显示于表3中。为清楚起见,以下描绘了使用的电子导体(现有技术的2,2′-连接的化合物和本发明的4,4′-连接的化合物):
表3
Claims (15)
1.通式II的化合物,
其中使用的符号具有如下含义:
R在每次出现时相同或者不同地是NAr2或具有5至20个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R1取代;
R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基基团,和具有3至20个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基;
Ar在每次出现时相同或者不同地是具有5至14个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可被一个或多个基团R1取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R在每次出现时相同地是NAr2或具有5至20个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R1取代。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的化合物,其中R相同或不同地选自如下基团:
其中在所述基团中的虚线旨在表明基团在该位置处键合,和其中基团Ar和R1旨在具有如前述权利要求中相同的含意,和其中s和q各自彼此独立地是0或1,其中,对于s=0或q=0,所指的R1被H代替,和E选自C(R1)2、NR1、O、C=O、S、S=O和S(O)2。
4.制备根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物的方法,其特征在于使在4,4'-位被反应性离去基团取代的螺二芴或螺二芴衍生物与官能化的芳族化合物或单或二取代的胺偶联。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述离去基团选自氯、溴、碘、三氟甲磺酸酯、甲苯磺酸酯、硼酸或硼酸酯。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于使在4,4'-位被反应性离去基团取代的螺二芴或螺二芴衍生物,通过在钯催化下的Suzuki偶联或通过钯催化的Hartwig-Buchwald偶联,与官能化的芳族化合物或单或二取代的胺偶联。
7.一种混合物,其包括至少一种根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物和至少一种另外的化合物。
8.一种制剂或溶液,其包括至少一种根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物或根据权利要求7所述的混合物和至少一种溶剂。
9.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物或根据权利要求7所述的混合物或根据权利要求8所述的溶液或制剂在电子器件中的用途。
10.一种电子器件,其包括至少一种根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物或至少一种根据权利要求7所述的混合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电子器件,其选自有机电致发光器件、有机场效应晶体管、有机薄膜晶体管、有机发光晶体管、有机集成电路、有机太阳能电池、有机场猝熄器件、发光电化学电池、有机激光二极管或有机光感受器。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电子器件,其选自有机电致发光器件,其特征在于根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物用作荧光或磷光掺杂剂的主体材料。
13.根据权利要求10或12所述的电子器件,其选自有机电致发光器件,其特征在于根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的化合物用作发光材料、用作空穴传输材料、用作空穴注入材料和/或用作电子传输材料。
14.有机电致发光器件,其特征在于在该器件的发光层中包含通式I的化合物作为磷光掺杂剂的主体材料:
其中使用的符号具有如下含义:
R在每次出现时相同或者不同地选自NAr2和具有5至40个芳族环原子的单或多环的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可以被一个或多个非芳族基团R1取代;另外,键合至同一氮原子的两个基团Ar可以通过单键或选自C(R2)2、C=O、O、S和N(R2)的桥连基彼此连接;
R1在每次出现时相同或不同地选自H,D,F,CN,具有1至20个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基基团,和具有3至20个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基;
Ar在每次出现时相同或者不同地是具有5至30个芳族环原子的芳族或杂芳族环系,它们可被一个或多个基团R1取代;
R2在每次出现时相同或者不同地选自:
——H,D,F,CN和
——具有1至20个C原子的脂族、芳族或杂芳族烃基团,
其中,一个或多个H原子可被F,CN,具有1至40个C原子的直链烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基,或具有3至40个C原子的支链或者环状的烷基、烷氧基或者硫代烷氧基代替;
此处两个或多个相邻的取代基R2也可以通过共价键彼此连接,或在其中包含的R2是芳族或杂芳族烃基团的情况下,也可以通过一个或多个二价脂族烃单元彼此连接。
15.根据权利要求14所述的有机电致发光器件,其特征在于除了作为第一主体材料的通式I的化合物外,所述发光层中还包含第二主体材料。
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JP2012532902A (ja) | 2012-12-20 |
WO2011006574A1 (de) | 2011-01-20 |
DE102009032922B4 (de) | 2024-04-25 |
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