CN102422825A - Method for establishing and breeding three matched breeding systems of Eriocheir sinensis - Google Patents
Method for establishing and breeding three matched breeding systems of Eriocheir sinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102422825A CN102422825A CN2011104137828A CN201110413782A CN102422825A CN 102422825 A CN102422825 A CN 102422825A CN 2011104137828 A CN2011104137828 A CN 2011104137828A CN 201110413782 A CN201110413782 A CN 201110413782A CN 102422825 A CN102422825 A CN 102422825A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of three matched breeding systems of Eriocheir sinensis. The breeding method comprises the following steps of: (1) matching an original parent source of the breeding systems; (2) establishing the matched breeding systems: taking weight, rostral teeth and ambulatory leg lengths as breeding targets to establish A, B and C three matched breeding systems; (3) utilizing a group breeding method to carry out parallel breeding on each matched breeding system; (4) estimating breeding effects: breeding the matched breeding systems to the third generation and estimating the breeding effects. By utilizing the breeding method of the matched breeding systems of the Eriocheir sinensis, the breeding systems are constructed and three systems are respectively carried out by the parallel breeding through utilizing the group breeding method to form the breeding systems with different morphological characteristics, different growth speeds, different selection pressures and different hereditary variations; according to the method provided by the invention, the essential problem that the source of parent crab germplasm is bad in the traditional production of river crab larva is solved and conditions for manufacturing breeding strains or improved varieties which are polymerized by excellent germplasm are created.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the foundation and the selection of three supporting breeding lines of Eriocheir sinensia (Eriocheir sinensis).
Background technology
Eriocheir sinensia (Eriocheir sinensis) is commonly called as river crab, is that the very important aquatic products economy of China is biological.Quick, the steady growth of China's culture of Chinese mitten crab output since nineteen ninety-one; 2010 year's harvest crab PRs increased nearly 50 times in 1991; About 600,000 tons of output, nearly 40,000,000,000 yuan of the output value is the earn foreign exchange aquaculture object of one of aquatic products and mere formality inside information of China's important export; Be rich in the rich culture intension, can be rated as a wonderful work of China's famous-particular-excellent culture fishery.Therefore, culture of Chinese mitten crab is one of pillar industry of most active and development prospect in China's aquaculture.Many areas, the whole nation with the river crab industry as transform agricultural production, increase farmers' income, developing rural economy, the pillar industry of building a Harmonious Society.
Eriocheir sinensia mainly is distributed in coastal each water system river in China, to the southern Min River distribution is arranged all from Yalu River in the north.Wherein, the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia individuality is very large, delicious meat, cream fat is plentiful, the figure is robust, have " the blue or green back of the body, white tripe, golden pawl, yellow hair, clear water steamed crab " good reputation, liked by consumers in general, is the classic river crab germ plasm resource of China.But; The germ plasm resource of Eriocheir sinensia has received great destruction: the one, because fishing for for many years utilizes excessively; The Changjiang river Eriocheir sinensia natural resources go from bad to worse, and no matter are juvenile crab, young crab at present, still become crab, all have been difficult to form the crab flood; Gradually lose for a long time and originate as supporting crab industry seed, or the meaning in close crab source; The 2nd, blindly introduce a fine variety between different water system thinning kind big interchange, the especially Yangtze river basins that human factor causes and Liaohe River Basin, accelerated speed and degree that germplasm mixes greatly; The 3rd, germplasm is degenerated and is threatened seriously, adopts the one-tenth crab of propagating artificially to do close crab year after year like most of juvenile crabs field and causes inbreeding and heredity (gene) drift, select for use small dimension to become crab to do close crab and cause culturing proterties slump of disastrous proportions etc.Owing to above reason, the germplasm problem has become the bottleneck of China's river crab industry sustainable development.Protection Eriocheir sinensia germ plasm resource, especially the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia germ plasm resource is very urgent.Be badly in need of from the natural crab in the Changjiang river that germplasm mixes colony, screening and excavating their excellent germplasm now, carry out resource purification and rejuvenation or fine-variety breeding work.
Though river crab is the breed object that cultured area is maximum in China's special aquaculture, output is the highest, benefit is best, the river crab provenance that supports huge industry like this remains the wild population without genetic improvement.Even more serious is, the germplasm of these wild populations mixes and fails seriously, and it is obvious to culture performance degradation.In recent years, in all parts of the country very strong to the call and the demand of river crab breeding, it is very necessary and urgent to carry out the Eriocheir sinensia fine-variety breeding.
River crab belongs to shell-fish, and its whole life need experience about 18 shells.Thereby, mark difficulty in the river crab breeding process, and then cause comparatively difficulty of breeding effect evaluation; On the other hand, the river crab genetic diversity is abundanter, helps the pyramiding breeding of multiple characters.The supporting breeding line of setting up various trait and genetic background is an effective way of carrying out the multiple characters pyramiding breeding.
Summary of the invention
The selection that the purpose of this invention is to provide the supporting breeding line of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia; Form such as this method is long with the second step meropodium, the volume between cog degree of depth and preceding carapace verruca and body weight are breeding goal; Make up supporting breeding line; Utilize colony's selection respectively supporting breeding line to be carried out parallel seed selection; Form the breeding line of tool different shape characteristic, different growth rate, different choice pressure and different genetic variations, solved the inferior fundamental issue of close crab germplasm origin in the current seedlings of milieu crab production, for selected strain or the breeding of producing the excellent germplasm polymerization creates conditions.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is: the selection of the supporting breeding line of a kind of Eriocheir sinensia, and its step is following:
(1) original parent of supporting breeding line source and screening: original parent derives from the wild Eriocheir sinensia in the Changjiang river of main stream of the Yangtze, therefrom filters out the original parent that germplasm is pure, individuality that meet the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic is used for breeding;
(2) set up supporting breeding line: the Eriocheir sinensia breeding family that original parent is set up is carried out breeding with seed selection crowd system and is classified, and for breeding target, sets up supporting breeding line with body weight, volume tooth and step length, each supporting breeding line to set up standard following:
A system: with the second step meropodium is the seed selection standard, requires second step-length joint to surpass preceding four volume teeth; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams;
B system: with the volume tooth is breeding goal, and the degree of depth that requires the first volume between cog and the ratio of carapace length are more than 4.5%; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams;
C system: 6 verrucas of preceding carapace are significantly individual to be constituted, more than male 175 grams of the body weight specification requirement of close crab, more than female 125 grams;
(3) adopt colony's selection that each supporting breeding line is carried out parallel seed selection, optimize the genotype that respectively is, improve the proterties of breeding that respectively is, chosen period and selection criteria are following:
Chosen period: in each seed selection from generation to generation, each supporting breeding line is carried out 3 times select, be chosen as the crab kind stage for the first time, be chosen as into the crab stage for the second time, be chosen as combo for the third time and breed the stage;
Selection criteria: each enforcement individual choice of selecting, the last standard of selecting is: A system: second step-length joint is above preceding four volume teeth, more than male body weight 200 grams, more than female body weight 150 grams; B system: the ratio of the degree of depth of the first volume between cog and carapace length is more than 4.5%, more than male body weight 200 grams, more than female body weight 150 restrains; C system: 6 verrucas of preceding carapace are obvious, more than male body weight 175 grams, more than female body weight 125 grams;
(4) assessment seed selection effect: supporting breeding line seed selection is assessed the seed selection effect to the third generation.
Described selection; Selection criteria described in (3) step for keeping effective size of breeding population, reduces the influence of genetic drift; Per generation of each breeding line selects quantitative requirement to be: the female crab quantity of selecting for the first time is more than 10000, and male crab quantity is more than 5000; The female crab quantity of selecting for the second time is more than 500, and male crab quantity is more than 250; The female crab quantity of selecting for the third time is more than 250, and male crab quantity is more than 120.
Described selection, the chosen period described in (3) step, wherein, the crab kind stage is hatching February in December to the second year then, becomes the crab stage to be back 1 year 10-12 month of hatching, the combo stage of breeding is hatching the 3rd year 2-4 month of back.
Of the present invention have a following advantage: according to biology characteristics, life history characteristics and the breeding goal of river crab; Utilize leading domestic germplasm evaluation and investigative technique; Carry out the germplasm research and evaluation of breeding population, solved the inferior fundamental issue of close crab germplasm origin in the current seedlings of milieu crab production, set up supporting breeding line respectively with different breeding goals then; The good separately economic characters and the genetic characteristics that utilize different breeding line to have; Can be selected strain or the breeding of producing the excellent germplasm polymerization and create conditions, initiated, developed aquatic biological breeding new model from the lay a foundation Eriocheir sinensia breeding technique route of colony-supporting breeding line-breeding of high-quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the seed selection route map of selection of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is according to biology characteristics, life history characteristics and the breeding goal of river crab; Wild Eriocheir sinensia to from the main stream of the Yangtze, collecting carries out germplasm evaluation and screening; Set up the seed selection original parent; With form (second step meropodium length, the volume between cog degree of depth and preceding carapace verruca) and body weight is breeding goal, makes up three of supporting breeding lines (A, B and C), utilizes colony's selection respectively three systems to be carried out parallel seed selection; Form the breeding line of tool different shape characteristic, different growth rate, different choice pressure and different genetic variations, be used for the production and the popularization of new varieties or breeding.Embodiment is following:
1, the original parent of supporting breeding line source and screening
Original parent source: the wild Eriocheir sinensia parent crab of main stream of the Yangtze (Anhui and river, Jiangsu section).
Germplasm is commented and is screened: original parent is carried out germplasm evaluation and screening; Ensure that original parent meets the germplasm characteristic of the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia; Germplasm evaluation and screening technique referenced patent number are: ZL02160498.3, denomination of invention is: the Eriocheir sinensia germplasm detects and the patent document of the method identified.
2, the foundation of supporting breeding line
Eriocheir sinensia is being carried out on the basis of germplasm evaluation and screening operation, breeding family and colony that original parent is set up carry out the breeding classification, set up supporting breeding line; Each supporting breeding line to set up standard following:
A system: with the second step meropodium is the seed selection standard, requires second step-length joint to surpass preceding four volume teeth; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams.
B system: with the volume tooth is breeding goal, and the degree of depth that requires the first volume between cog and the ratio of carapace length are more than 4.5%; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams.
C system: the better individuality of other proterties (6 verrucas of preceding carapace are more obvious) constitutes after removing A, the screening of B system, more than male 175 grams of the body weight specification requirement of close crab, more than female 125 grams.
3, the selection of supporting breeding line
According to breeding objective and breeding line classification, adopt colony's selection, each breeding line is carried out the successive generation seed selection, the genotype of each breeding line of purifying, concrete route is as shown in Figure 1.
4, be interior selection
In each seed selection from generation to generation, each supporting breeding line is carried out 3 times selects, concrete select time and index such as table 1:
The selection number of times of three supporting breeding lines of table 1 and selection index
5, breed validity check in being
Seed selection to the third generation (in December, 2009) is assessed, and finds that the growth rate of three supporting breeding lines has improved 6.2-20.3% than control group, specifically like table 2:
Three supporting breeding lines of table 2 breed effect
| Body colour | A system | B system | C system |
| Growth fraction control group (%) | 20.3 | 7.0 | 6.2 |
Claims (3)
1. the selection of the supporting breeding line of Eriocheir sinensia, its step is following:
(1) original parent of supporting breeding line source and screening: original parent derives from the wild Eriocheir sinensia in the Changjiang river of main stream of the Yangtze, therefrom filters out the original parent that germplasm is pure, individuality that meet the Changjiang river water system Eriocheir sinensia characteristic is used for breeding;
(2) set up supporting breeding line: the Eriocheir sinensia breeding family that original parent is set up is carried out breeding with seed selection crowd system and is classified, and for breeding target, sets up supporting breeding line with body weight, volume tooth and step length, each supporting breeding line to set up standard following:
A system: with the second step meropodium is the seed selection standard, requires second step-length joint to surpass preceding four volume teeth; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams;
B system: with the volume tooth is breeding goal, and the degree of depth that requires the first volume between cog and the ratio of carapace length are more than 4.5%; More than male 200 grams of the body weight specification requirement of parent crab, more than female 150 grams;
C system: 6 verrucas of preceding carapace are significantly individual to be constituted, more than male 175 grams of the body weight specification requirement of close crab, more than female 125 grams;
(3) adopt colony's selection that each supporting breeding line is carried out parallel seed selection, optimize the genotype that respectively is, improve the proterties of breeding that respectively is, chosen period and selection criteria are following:
Chosen period: in each seed selection from generation to generation, each supporting breeding line is carried out 3 times select, be chosen as the crab kind stage for the first time, be chosen as into the crab stage for the second time, be chosen as combo for the third time and breed the stage;
Selection criteria: each enforcement individual choice of selecting, the last standard of selecting is: A system: second step-length joint is above preceding four volume teeth, more than male body weight 200 grams, more than female body weight 150 grams; B system: the ratio of the degree of depth of the first volume between cog and carapace length is more than 4.5%, more than male body weight 200 grams, more than female body weight 150 restrains; C system: 6 verrucas of preceding carapace are obvious, more than male body weight 175 grams, more than female body weight 125 grams;
(4) assessment seed selection effect: supporting breeding line seed selection is assessed the seed selection effect to the third generation.
2. according to right 1 described selection, it is characterized in that: the selection criteria described in (3) step, per generation of each breeding line selects quantitative requirement to be: the female crab quantity of selecting for the first time is more than 10000, and male crab quantity is more than 5000; The female crab quantity of selecting for the second time is more than 500, and male crab quantity is more than 250; The female crab quantity of selecting for the third time is more than 250, and male crab quantity is more than 120.
3. according to right 1 or 2 described selections; Its particular-trade is levied and is: the chosen period described in (3) step; Wherein, The crab kind stage is hatching February in December to the second year then, becomes the crab stage to be back 1 year 10-12 month of hatching, and the combo stage of breeding is hatching the 3rd year 2-4 month of back.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104067986A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for breeding new variety of commercial line of eriocheir sinensis |
| CN105165679A (en) * | 2015-09-12 | 2015-12-23 | 上海海洋大学 | Establishing and breeding method for three matched breeding lines of megalobrama amblycephala |
| CN107155959A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of compound breeding method for improveing yellow catfish growing character |
| CN109619003A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of parallel group breeding method of river crab new varieties |
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| CN101627737A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2010-01-20 | 厦门大学 | Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed |
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| CN101627737A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2010-01-20 | 厦门大学 | Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed |
| CN101990849A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-03-30 | 厦门大学 | Blue crab staged group breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
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| 《水产养殖》 20060501 朱清顺 中华绒螯蟹种质特性研究--江苏主要产区养殖河蟹生物学特性的比较 全文 1-3 第27卷, 第3期 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104067986A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-01 | 上海海洋大学 | Method for breeding new variety of commercial line of eriocheir sinensis |
| CN105165679A (en) * | 2015-09-12 | 2015-12-23 | 上海海洋大学 | Establishing and breeding method for three matched breeding lines of megalobrama amblycephala |
| CN107155959A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of compound breeding method for improveing yellow catfish growing character |
| CN109619003A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-16 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | A kind of parallel group breeding method of river crab new varieties |
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