CN112273299A - Breeding method of saline-alkali-tolerant strain of palaemon carinicauda - Google Patents
Breeding method of saline-alkali-tolerant strain of palaemon carinicauda Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding saline-alkali tolerant strains of palaemon carinicauda, which is characterized in that palaemon carinicauda with excellent growth characters for years is artificially bred as a basic population, young prawns growing to 30 days old are subjected to alkalinity stress experiments and continuous 3-generation alkalinity stress breeding to screen out the saline-alkali tolerant strains of palaemon carinicauda, and a core breeding population is constructed and can be used for breeding after generational propagation. The method selects the fast growing population as the basic population, and polymerizes the stress resistance character of salt and alkali tolerance through salt and alkali tolerance breeding, so that the cultivated new strain has fast growth and strong stress resistance, is suitable for cultivation in a salt and alkali area, and has obviously improved growth speed and cultivation survival rate; the method is simple and convenient to operate, and is suitable for breeding the saline-alkali tolerant strains of the palaemon carinicauda.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic product genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant strains of palaemon carinicauda.
Background
The Exopalaemon carinicauda is also called white shrimp, small white shrimp, winter shrimp and the like, belongs to the Arthropoda (Arthropoda), Crustacea (Crustacea), decapod (Decapoda), brachycardiaceae (Palaemonidae) and white shrimp (Exopalaemonide), is mainly distributed in shallow sea low-salt water areas along the whole continental coast and the west bank of the Korean peninsula, has the highest output in Bohai and the yellow sea, is one of 3 special economic shrimps in China, and has the output second only to Chinese prawn (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) and Chinese acete shrimp (Acetes chinensis). In recent years, the culture area of the palaemon carinicauda is rapidly expanded, according to incomplete statistics, the culture area of the palaemon carinicauda in China currently reaches 40 ten thousand mu, the yield exceeds 5 ten thousand tons, and the palaemon carinicauda becomes an important economic shrimp for seawater pond culture. The improved variety is an important basis for determining the sustainable and stable development of the palaemon carinicauda breeding industry, and the adversity adaptability of the palaemon carinicauda can be enhanced and the breeding survival rate can be improved by artificially and directionally breeding the high-stress-resistant excellent variety.
The excellent breed selection work of crustacean in China is developed from the beginning of the century, the breeding work mainly takes the growth speed and the disease resistance/adversity as the breeding indexes, and 5 new breeds of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (Huanghai series) of 5 new breeds of Chinese prawn (Lijia et al, 2005; 2015) and Portunus trituberculatus (Portuguetus trituberculatus) of yellow breed series (Lijia et al, 2013) have been successively cultivated by the yellow sea aquatic product research institute of Chinese aquatic product science research institute. Breeding Litopenaeus vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) with Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) and Specific Pathogen Resistant (SPR) was performed in foreign America (Brock et a1., 1997). The breeding of new palaemon carinicauda varieties starts in 2008, breeding is mainly carried out aiming at growth and body color traits, and the fast-growing new palaemon carinicauda 'yellow breeding No. 1' and the whole red body color new palaemon carinicauda 'Kesu Red No. 1' are bred, but no report about the breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant strain of palaemon carinicauda exists at present. 6.9 hundred million mu of low-lying saline-alkali water areas exist in China, the area of saline-alkali water with cultivation potential reaches 1 hundred million mu, and only a small amount of saline-alkali water is developed and utilized at present. The saline-alkali water serving as non-marine saline water has the characteristics of high alkalinity, high pH value, complex ion composition and the like, saline-alkali change is a key factor for causing stress on aquatic animals in saline-alkali water area environments and aquaculture processes, the aquatic animals with low ecological adaptability generally cannot normally live and breed in the saline-alkali water area environments, and development and utilization of water resources are hindered to a great extent, so that a new saline-alkali water aquaculture species with high saline-alkali adaptability is cultivated, and the method has important significance for effectively utilizing the saline-alkali water area resources and expanding new aquaculture space.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the fact that no report about a breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant strains of the palaemon carinicauda exists in the prior art and the importance of breeding the saline-alkali tolerant strains of the palaemon carinicauda exists, the invention aims to provide the breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant strains of the palaemon carinicauda.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant strains of palaemon carinicauda, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting exopalaemon carinicauda with complete appendages, smooth body surface, standard body shape and strong vitality as a basic group;
(2) selecting healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days old from basic groups of palaemon carinicauda to carry out carbonate alkalinity stress, and screening out surviving individuals to form a saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group;
(3) the saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group adopts a mating design with a male-female ratio of 1: 1 before entering a mating season, and after mating, the egg-carrying female shrimps are singly hatched and grown to form a first-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group;
(4) selecting the healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days old in the first-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population to continue carrying out carbonate alkalinity stress, and screening out surviving individuals to continue breeding and breeding;
(5) and the screened third-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population can be used as the saline-alkali tolerant strain of the palaemon carinicauda through continuous 3-generation stress breeding.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the basic group of the palaemon carinicauda is yellow breeding No. 1.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the breeding process of the yellow breeding No. 1 is as follows: 5 wild parent shrimps in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, Guzhou Bay, Haizhou Bay and Xiangshan Bay are collected as basic groups; selecting large-individual healthy undamaged parent shrimps from each basic population to construct a core breeding population;
closed breeding is carried out on the core breeding group by adopting group breeding, 2 generations of breeding are carried out every year, the core breeding group is selected by taking the length and the weight of a harvested body as breeding indexes in each generation, the seed reserving rate of each generation is controlled to be 3-5%, and the tail of the parent shrimp is above 40000;
the 6 generations of breeding are continuously carried out, and the yellow breeding No. 1 of the exopalaemon carinicauda with obvious characteristics and stable characters is formed.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the variety registration number of the yellow breeding No. 1 of the palaemon carinicauda: GS-01-005 and 2017.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: the alkalinity of the carbonate alkalinity stress in the steps (2) and (4) is controlled to be 8.26mmol/L at half lethal concentration of 30 days of age, and the stress is continuously carried out for 72 hours.
The technical scheme is further improved as follows: and (3) selecting according to the seed reserving rate of 5% in the step (2).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) according to the method, the fast-growing 'yellow-breeding No. 1' exopalaemon carinicauda is selected as a basic population, the salt and alkali tolerant stress resistance characters are polymerized by the basic population through salt and alkali tolerant breeding, the bred new strain has strong stress resistance, and is suitable for saline and alkali area breeding, and the growth speed and the breeding survival rate are obviously improved.
(2) The method is simple and convenient to operate, is suitable for breeding the saline-alkali tolerant strains of the palaemon carinicauda, is suitable for popularization, and has good market application prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1: source and breeding process of 'yellow breeding No. 1' parent of exopalaemon carinicauda
One, parent source
The 2011 parents are derived from 5 wild geographical groups along the coast of China, wherein about 5600 tails of Bohai Bay sea area, about 5400 tails of Laizhou Bay sea area, about 5200 tails of Jiaozhou Bay sea area, about 5800 tails of Haizhou Bay sea area, about 8000 tails of Xiangshan Bay sea area, and about 3 ten thousand tails in total.
Second, cultivation process
The group breeding method is adopted to carry out the breeding of the new species of the palaemon carinicauda for the rapid growth.
5 wild parent shrimps in Bohai gulf, Laizhou gulf, Guzhou gulf, Haizhou gulf and Xiangshan gulf in 5-11 months in 2011 are collected as basic groups, and genetic diversity analysis is carried out; 5000 tails of large-individual healthy undamaged parent shrimps are selected from each basic population to construct a core breeding population.
In 2012, closed breeding is carried out on the core breeding population by adopting population breeding, and 2 generations of breeding are carried out every year. The harvest length and the weight are used as breeding indexes for selecting a core breeding group in each generation, the seed reserving rate of each generation is controlled to be 3-5%, and the seed reserving rate of parent shrimps is above 40000 tails.
6 generations of breeding are continuously carried out in 2014, and a new variety of palaemon carinicauda with obvious characteristics and stable characters is formed and is named as 'yellow breeding No. 1'. The 2015-2016 new variety is continuously cultured for two years, and the result shows that the new variety has high growth speed and good uniformity.
The exopalaemon carinicauda yellow breeding No. 1 is prepared by taking wild exopalaemon carinicauda collected from Bohai gulf, Laizhou gulf, Jiaozhou gulf, Haizhou gulf and Xiangshan gulf in 2011 as a basic population, taking the length and weight of the harvested body as target characters, adopting a population breeding method and carrying out continuous 6-generation breeding. Under the same culture condition, compared with the wild palaemon carinicauda which is not bred, the body length of 3 months old is averagely improved by 12.62 percent, and the body weight is averagely improved by 18.40 percent. Is suitable for cultivation in coastal seawater cultivation areas such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin and the like.
The Exopalaemon carinicauda 'Huangyu No. 1' in 2017 is approved by the national examination and approval committees of the stock and the improved variety of aquatic products to obtain the certificate of the new variety of the aquatic products (the variety registration number is GS-01-005-.
Example 2
1. Determination of 30-day-old sublethal alkalinity of exopalaemon carinicauda
In this embodiment, four carbonate alkalinity gradients of 5mmol/L, 10mmol/L, 15mmol/L and 20mmol/L are set for performing a semi-lethal experiment, the number of death of the palaemon carinicauda in each experiment gradient group is counted at 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h, and the semi-lethal alkalinity of the palaemon carinicauda at the age of 30 days for 72h is calculated to be 8.26 mmol/L.
TABLE 1 determination of semi-lethal alkalinity of palaemon carinicauda
| Time of duress | 12h | 24h | 48h | 72h |
| Half lethal concentration mmol/L | 11.83 | 10.31 | 9.84 | 8.26 |
2. Estimation of heritability of salt and alkali tolerance character of palaemon carinicauda
The heritability of the saline-alkali tolerance character of the 50-day-old palaemon carinicauda is estimated by applying a full-sib group correlation method. 50 full-sib families (including 42 half-sib families) of the exopalaemon carinicauda are constructed in a directional mating mode, the survival time of saline-alkali stress of each family is subjected to variance analysis by using a General Linear Model (GLM) of SPSS software, the heritability of saline-alkali resistance of the exopalaemon carinicauda is estimated to be 0.18-0.60, and the estimated value of the heritability of the exopalaemon carinicauda does not reach a significant level and belongs to medium heritability.
TABLE 2 heritability and t-test of salt and alkali tolerance of exopalaemon carinicauda
Indicates that the difference is significant.
Example 3
The breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain comprises the following steps:
(1) the cultured Anemone carinicauda of 'Huangyu No. 1' is selected as a basic population.
(2) Selecting healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days old about 20000 tails from the basic population of artificially bred yellow-bred No. 1 palaemon carinicauda with excellent growth characteristics for carbonate alkalinity stress according to the requirements of 5 percent of seed reserving rate and 1: 1 of male-female ratio at the end of 5 months in 2017. Salinity stress is carried out in an indoor cement pond, the stress alkalinity is controlled to be half lethal concentration of 8.26mmol/L, continuous stress is carried out for 72 hours, about 10000 surviving individuals are screened out to establish a saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group, and the breeding is continued in a breeding pond.
(3) The saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population adopts a mating design with a male-female ratio of 1: 1 in an indoor cement pond before entering a mating season at the bottom of 7 months, then about 3000 female shrimps with eggs form a passage breed conservation population, and a first-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population is obtained by breeding in a breeding pond and is continuously bred.
(4) The first generation of saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population is at the end of 9 months, healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days are selected to continue to be subjected to carbonate alkalinity stress according to the requirements of 5 percent of seed retention rate and 1: 1 of male-female ratio, the stress alkalinity is controlled to be at half lethal concentration of 8.26mmol/L, continuous stress is carried out for 72 hours, about 20000 surviving individuals are screened out to continue to be cultured until the end of 11 months for harvest, and the surviving rate is 83 percent after 3 months of 2018 years.
(5) About 4000 tails of egg-carrying female shrimps are selected from the subculture seed preservation groups in the middle ten days of 2018, the egg-carrying female shrimps are placed into a culture pond for breeding, and about 40000 tails of healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days are selected for carbonate alkalinity stress at the bottom of 5 months according to the requirements of 5% of seed retention rate and 1: 1 of male and female ratio. Salinity stress is carried out in an indoor cement pond, the stress alkalinity is controlled to be half lethal concentration of 8.26mmol/L, stress is continuously carried out for 72 hours, about 20000 surviving individuals are screened out to obtain a second generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group, and breeding is continuously carried out in a breeding pond.
(6) And (3) mating the second-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population in an indoor cement pond by adopting a mating design with a male-female ratio of 1: 1 before entering a mating season at the bottom of 7 months, then forming a subculture breed conservation population by using about 5000 oogenesis female shrimps, breeding in a breeding pond to obtain a third-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population, and continuing breeding.
(7) And selecting 40000 tails of healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days for continuous carbonate alkalinity stress at the end of 9 months according to the requirements of 5 percent of seed retention rate and 1: 1 ratio of male to female, continuously stressing for 72 hours, screening about 20000 surviving individuals for continuous culture to the end of 11 months for harvesting, using as a subculture seed-preserving population for indoor overwintering, and obtaining 85 percent of overwintering survival rate at the end of 3 months in 2019.
After continuous 3-generation stress breeding, the screened saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population can be used as the saline-alkali tolerant strain of palaemon carinicauda. The saline-alkali tolerant strain resistance mean value of the palaemon carinicauda in 2019 is improved by 21.75 percent compared with the resistance mean value of a wild control population, the average acre yield of more than 500 mu is up to 110kg, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
The invention is applied to cultivation production and has good effect.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of saline-alkali tolerant strains of palaemon carinicauda is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting exopalaemon carinicauda with complete appendages, smooth body surface, standard body shape and strong vitality as a basic group;
(2) selecting healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days old from basic groups of palaemon carinicauda to carry out carbonate alkalinity stress, and screening out surviving individuals to form a saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group;
(3) the saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group adopts a mating design with a male-female ratio of 1: 1 before entering a mating season, and after mating, the egg-carrying female shrimps are singly hatched and grown to form a first-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core group;
(4) selecting the healthy young shrimps growing to 30 days old in the first-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population to continue carrying out carbonate alkalinity stress, and screening out surviving individuals to continue breeding and breeding;
(5) and the screened third-generation saline-alkali tolerant breeding core population can be used as the saline-alkali tolerant strain of the palaemon carinicauda through continuous 3-generation stress breeding.
2. The breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the basic group of the palaemon carinicauda is yellow breeding No. 1.
3. The breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain according to claim 2, characterized in that: the breeding process of the yellow breeding No. 1 is as follows: 5 wild parent shrimps in Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay, Guzhou Bay, Haizhou Bay and Xiangshan Bay are collected as basic groups; selecting large-individual healthy undamaged parent shrimps from each basic population to construct a core breeding population;
closed breeding is carried out on the core breeding group by adopting group breeding, 2 generations of breeding are carried out every year, the core breeding group is selected by taking the length and the weight of a harvested body as breeding indexes in each generation, the seed reserving rate of each generation is controlled to be 3-5%, and the tail of the parent shrimp is above 40000;
the 6 generations of breeding are continuously carried out, and the yellow breeding No. 1 of the exopalaemon carinicauda with obvious characteristics and stable characters is formed.
4. The breeding method of the salt and alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the variety registration number of the yellow breeding No. 1 of the palaemon carinicauda: GS-01-005 and 2017.
5. The breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: the alkalinity of the carbonate alkalinity stress in the steps (2) and (4) is controlled to be 8.26mmol/L at half lethal concentration of 30 days of age, and the stress is continuously carried out for 72 hours.
6. The breeding method of the saline-alkali tolerant palaemon carinicauda strain according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that: and (3) selecting according to the seed reserving rate of 5% in the step (2).
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