CN102388796B - Method for producing seed of desert cistanche - Google Patents
Method for producing seed of desert cistanche Download PDFInfo
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- CN102388796B CN102388796B CN 201110194066 CN201110194066A CN102388796B CN 102388796 B CN102388796 B CN 102388796B CN 201110194066 CN201110194066 CN 201110194066 CN 201110194066 A CN201110194066 A CN 201110194066A CN 102388796 B CN102388796 B CN 102388796B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing seed of desert cistanche, and the method implemented through the following steps: pollinating, harvesting, processing and storing. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the yield and fine breed rate of the precious cistanche seed can be greatly improved so as to radically solve the bottleneck problem of insufficient resource puzzling the cistanche planting industry, provide a basic guarantee for developing the industry of manually planting the cistanche on a large scale, and effectively lighten overdependence on the wild cistanche seed resource so as to greatly reduce damage on the wild cistanche resource and the weak ecological environment. Meanwhile, the method also provides a new and reliable path for achieving prosperity for farmers in the western areas in China. The method is simple to operate and has the advantages of labor saving, small loss and excellent practical effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of producing seed of desert cistanche of arid biogeographic zone, for artificial planting saline cistanche industry provides basic guarantee.
Background technology
Desert Herba Cistanches (Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma) is the perennial parasitism herbaceous plant of Orobanchaceae (Orobanchaceae) Cistanche deserticola (Cistanche Hoffmg.Et Link), parasitize the root of Haloxylon (Haloxylon), has fabulous medical value, main product is in desert, the desert area of the Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia one band of China, have the title of " desert ginseng ", be excellent tonic product among the people from ancient times.Along with the raising of living standards of the people, saline cistanche more and more comes into one's own, and market demand is very large.At present; China saline cistanche is substantially from wild resource; because transition is excavated; cause the saline cistanche resource to be on the verge of exhaustion; Wild Cistanche has been under an embargo and has excavated now, and Desert Herba Cistanches (Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma.) is put into " international conservation of wild plant register " and " CITS " (CITES) appendix II.The huge demand and supply contraction of saline cistanche has greatly promoted the development of artificial saline cistanche industry, has become a kind of new raise crop at the NORTHWEST CHINA natural yielding area.At present, the provinces and regions such as China Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu and Ningxia are all in develop actively saline cistanche plantation industry, for many years, the seed of artificial planting saline cistanche mainly relies on gathering of Wild Cistanche, yet, just because excavating of the long-term transition of people become very limited, the cistanche deserticola seed resource more is faced with the predicament that there is a serious shortage in the supply to Wild Cistanche resource own.At present, the above clean kind of price of saline cistanche thousand kernel weight 0.08g be the 3000-5000 unit/kg before 2005, rises to 8000-10000 unit/kg, and usually is out of stock in spite of rising price.The cistanche deserticola seed resource is becoming a Main Bottleneck of restriction saline cistanche plantation industry development gradually.Can predict, in the from now on long duration, the imbalance between supply and demand meeting of cistanche deserticola seed is increasingly outstanding, and the production of hybrid seeds of saline cistanche has become an important link of development of meat desert cistanche plantation industry.
The present invention has passed through experimental study and scale practice for many years, and saline cistanche proving ground in the tower of the Vegetation in Center of Taklimakan Desert of Southern Xinjiang utilizes 4-6gL
-1Cakcayr Forest artificial infection Desert Herba Cistanches and the production of hybrid seeds of irrigation with saline water have all obtained success, and have passed through scale, standardized planting test, have formed a whole set of practical producing seed of desert cistanche pattern.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, it is the problem of the shortage saline cistanche breeding that faces of the artificial planting saline cistanche industry development for current arid biogeographic zone desert and surrounding area, a kind of method of producing seed of desert cistanche is provided, the method adopts pollination, gather, processing is finished with preservation three steps, output and the breeding rate of seed have greatly been improved by method of the present invention, fundamentally solved and perplexed the bottleneck problem that saline cistanche is planted industry, for the western husky peasant who distinguishes of China provides a kind of newly, reliable way to get rich.
The method of a kind of producing seed of desert cistanche of the present invention follows these steps to carry out:
Pollination
The supplementary mode of a, employing artificial pollination or honeybee pollination, wherein soft small brushes or cotton balls gently dipping on each stamen of spending and column cap are adopted in artificial pollination; Adopt the honeybee pollination injected volume to determine according to area and the unearthed quantity of saline cistanche, require per hectare to be not less than 1000 honeybees, will prevent during operation that ant is to the food of stealing of honeybee;
B, pollination time, Desert Herba Cistanches is mid or late April to begin to be unearthed at In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol, the florescence 5-6 month, in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, the saline cistanche phenophase is for being unearthed by the end of March, at the beginning of florescence early April-5 month;
Gather
C, collecting time, In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol are early or mid July, and it is early or mid June in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, the front preparation length of gathering is 70cm, bore is large cloth bag or the gunnysack of 50cm, in Desert Herba Cistanches bottom capsule maturation, when being about to ftracture, whole saline cistanche plant is pulled out in the bag of packing into, then the plant of gathering is concentrated and regain, bulk storage or partial wall vertical pendulum are placed on the indoor or outdoor of ventilation condition, hardened ground, after its abundant after-ripening, and chucked, make seed all fall in the cloth bag or ground, centralized collection together again;
Processing and preservation
D, the method that adopts screen cloth to sieve, at first adopting mesh is that the screen cloth of 1mm sieves, remove oarse-grained foreign material, then adopt the 0.6mm screen cloth to sieve, substantially remove the impurity of all larger particles, after the screen cloth of 0.25mm, remove fine particle impurity and not plump kind, the Desert Herba Cistanches that obtains average thousand kernel weight and be 0.08-0.09g is planted only, the further screen cloth of crossing 0.5mm again, and obtaining thousand kernel weight is the high-quality clean kind of 0.09-0.1g;
E, the saline cistanche that gathers is planted pack only, preserve in the place that is placed on drying, ventilation, lucifuge, and at ambient temperature, the seed holding time is more than 7 years.
The method of a kind of producing seed of desert cistanche of the present invention, the method is on the basis of grasping saline cistanche spontaneous pollination characteristic, adopt the technical method of the supplementary pollination of artificial pollination and input honeybee pollination, ripening rate and breeding rate have greatly been improved, also taking full advantage of simultaneously cistanche deserticola seed is about to when ripe, the following actual phenomenon of having rotted of the underground 30-40cm of saline cistanche plant, concentrate saline cistanche is regained, under controllable environment, treat its abundant after-ripening, plant bud and all collect seed again behind the cracking, greatly improved the yield and quality of precious cistanche deserticola seed.The method is simple to operate, saving of labor, loss are little, and practice effect is splendid.
The method of a kind of producing seed of desert cistanche provided by the invention is based on for many years test of artificial planting Desert Herba Cistanches and the bioecology characteristic of the Desert Herba Cistanches that practice is grasped, use scientific and reasonable technical method, carry out a series of research and inquirement and practice from time, method and the processing preservation of collecting seed, solved the technical bottleneck of producing seed of desert cistanche.
The producing seed of desert cistanche pattern that the present invention conceives, the technical know-how basis is sturdy, science, reliable, and passed through the check of production practices, greatly improved the yield and quality of precious cistanche deserticola seed, be the seed guarantee that provides the foundation of extensive development artificial planting saline cistanche industry, can also effectively alleviate simultaneously the depending on unduly of Wild Cistanche germ plasm resource, show technological progress.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The place is in the saline cistanche base of Vegetation in Center of Taklimakan Desert, 4.3 hectares of areas; The method of a kind of producing seed of desert cistanche of the present invention, the method comprise three parts: the one, and pollination; The 2nd, gather; The 3rd, processing and preservation;
Pollination:
Pollination Modes
The Pittosporum of evidence Desert Herba Cistanches for many years is in entomophilous flower or cross pollination, homophyletic self-pollination ripening rate is extremely low, in desert area, plant resources is few, and caste and quantity are deficient especially, and result of the test shows for many years, under nature, the saline cistanche ripening rate is low, poor quality, most of embryo development is incomplete, and thousand kernel weight only is 0.02-0.03g, there is not activity, the seed less than 1 ‰ of standard can be reached, therefore, the technological means of supplementary pollination must be taked, facts have proved, introducing the honeybee producting honey pollination is the good method of killing two birds with one stone, and the precious saline cistanche nectar of both can having gathered can reach again the purpose of pollination; Adopt the honeybee pollination injected volume to determine according to area and the unearthed quantity of saline cistanche, require per hectare to be not less than 1000 honeybees, injected volume 5000-6000 honeybee will prevent during operation that ant is to the food of stealing of honeybee; Adopt artificial pollination gently dipping on each stamen of spending and column cap with soft small brushes or cotton balls;
Pollination time
In the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, the saline cistanche phenophase is for being unearthed by the end of March, at the beginning of florescence early April-5 month, is to begin to be unearthed the florescence 5-6 month mid or late April at In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol;
Gather:
Collecting time
Cistanche deserticola seed is little, and general every strain has ten thousand of seed 1-30, and seed is in case ripe, very easily lands or is blown to four winds, so must in time gather, gathers too early, and seed is immature, and major part is not plump kind, and germination rate is low; Gathered evening, cracking of fruit, seed is scattered on the ground, can't regather, and grasping the saline cistanche fructescence is to cause to close important link, is early or mid July at In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol, and is early or mid June in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang;
Collecting method
The gather variation of front attention saline cistanche capsule when fruit is become yellowish-brown and produced longitudinal crack by cyan, when seeing that from splitting seed presents dark brown, shows maturation of seed, can gather in theory.But for whole strain saline cistanche, owing to being spike, seed is ripe gradually from bottom to up, fruit is not to ftracture simultaneously, this has brought great difficulty to seed collecting, general conventional method is to adopt one by one bagging methods, namely ripe at the bottom capsule, give every strain saline cistanche cover a cloth bag when being about to ftracture, end opening is tightened, until seed is all ripe, this mode complex operation, workload is large, also exist and leak kind of a phenomenon, invent described method: some length of front preparation of gathering are 70cm, bore (diameter) is the large cloth bag of 50cm or gunnysack (should not with plastic sack or Fibre Bag), ripe at Desert Herba Cistanches bottom capsule, when being about to ftracture, whole saline cistanche plant out (is rotted below the underground 30-40cm) with hand-lifting, pack in the bag, then the plant of gathering is concentrated and regain, lean on the wall vertical pendulum and be placed on ventilation condition, note when putting not superposeing in hardened ground indoor, after its abundant after-ripening, (plant all crackings of bud), chucked makes seed all fall in the cloth bag or ground, and centralized collection together again;
Processing and preservation
Directly the impurity of seeds from the collection of saline cistanche capsule has sand, the saline cistanche scale, the withered impurity such as colored sheet, need further processing, the method that adopts screen cloth to sieve, at first adopting mesh is that the screen cloth of 1mm sieves, remove oarse-grained foreign material, then adopt the 0.6mm screen cloth to sieve, can substantially remove the impurity of all larger particles, screen cloth after 0.25mm, remove fine particle impurity and not plump kind, the Desert Herba Cistanches that has obtained so average thousand kernel weight and be 0.08-0.09g is planted only, the further screen cloth of crossing 0.5mm again, and can obtain thousand kernel weight is the high-quality clean kind of 0.09-0.1g;
The clean kind of saline cistanche that gathers should pack, preserve in the place that is placed on drying, ventilation, lucifuge, must guard against being placed on moist nonventilated place, in case go rotten, seed vitality can keep for many years under nature, it is 3 years that bibliographical information is arranged, also have more than 10 years, according to present test observation, under the room temperature condition, preserve more than 7 years, seed quality does not have significant change.
The present invention saline cistanche proving ground in the tower of Vegetation in Center of Taklimakan Desert begins to try out from 2009, effect is ideal, continuous 3 years (2009-2011) average per unit area yield reaches the 10.5kg/ hectare, wherein 2010 annual productions are the highest, 4.3 hectare is experimental field gathered in the crops altogether the Desert Herba Cistanches of thousand kernel weight 0.09g and is only planted 58kg, remarkable in economical benefits.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a producing seed of desert cistanche is characterized in that following these steps to carrying out:
Pollination
A, employing artificial pollination or honeybee pollination supplementary mode, wherein artificial pollination gently dipping on each stamen of spending and column cap with soft small brushes or cotton balls; Adopt the honeybee pollination injected volume to determine according to area and the unearthed quantity of saline cistanche, per hectare is no less than 1000 honeybees;
B, pollination time, Desert Herba Cistanches is mid or late April to begin to be unearthed at In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol, the florescence 5-6 month, in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, the saline cistanche phenophase is for being unearthed by the end of March, at the beginning of florescence early April-5 month;
Gather
C, collecting time, In The North of Xinjiang and the Inner Mongol are early or mid July, and it is early or mid June in the Tarim Basin of southern Xinjiang, the front preparation length of gathering is 70cm, bore is large cloth bag or the gunnysack of 50cm, in Desert Herba Cistanches bottom capsule maturation, when being about to ftracture, whole saline cistanche plant is pulled out in the bag of packing into, then the plant of gathering is concentrated and regain, bulk storage or partial wall vertical pendulum are placed on the indoor or outdoor of ventilation condition, hardened ground, after its abundant after-ripening, and chucked, make seed all fall in the cloth bag or ground, centralized collection together again;
Processing and preservation
D, the method that adopts screen cloth to sieve, at first adopting mesh is that the screen cloth of 1mm sieves, remove oarse-grained foreign material, then adopt the 0.6mm screen cloth to sieve, remove the impurity of all larger particles, after the screen cloth of 0.25mm, remove fine particle impurity and not plump kind, the Desert Herba Cistanches that obtains average thousand kernel weight and be 0.08-0.09g is planted only, the further screen cloth of crossing 0.5mm again, and obtaining thousand kernel weight is the high-quality clean kind of 0.09-0.1g;
E, the saline cistanche that gathers is planted pack only, preserve in the place that is placed on drying, ventilation, lucifuge, and at ambient temperature, the seed holding time is more than 7 years.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110194066 CN102388796B (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Method for producing seed of desert cistanche |
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| CN 201110194066 CN102388796B (en) | 2011-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | Method for producing seed of desert cistanche |
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| CN102388796A CN102388796A (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| CN102388796B true CN102388796B (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102714953B (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-02-25 | 盛晋华 | Efficient manual cistanche inoculation method and hollow drill for manual cistanche inoculation |
| CN103430690A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-12-11 | 叶文明 | Cistanche salsa seed harvesting method |
| CN103430756B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-10-15 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for producing cistanche seeds |
| CN103444412B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-10-15 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Method for producing cistanche deserticola Ma seeds separately from host in centralized way |
| CN103597961B (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2015-12-02 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | A kind of onion seeds gets seed technique |
| CN106717298A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of saline cistanche is in field preserving active implantation methods |
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