CN102369869B - Grape cultivation arrangement and cultivation method - Google Patents
Grape cultivation arrangement and cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102369869B CN102369869B CN 201110284187 CN201110284187A CN102369869B CN 102369869 B CN102369869 B CN 102369869B CN 201110284187 CN201110284187 CN 201110284187 CN 201110284187 A CN201110284187 A CN 201110284187A CN 102369869 B CN102369869 B CN 102369869B
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Abstract
The invention aims to solve a technical problem of providing a cultivation technique by which the land can be effectively saved and the grape quality can be managed and ensured more precisely and rapidly. For solving the problem, the invention provides a grape cultivation arrangement, which comprises a planting arrangement, a tree form arrangement and a leaf curtain arrangement, wherein the planting arrangement is implemented by arranging grapes in a mode of alternately distributing large and small rows, the line spacing between small lines is controlled to 40-60cm, and the line spacing between large lines is controlled to 250-300cm. In the invention, the grape cultivation arrangement is implemented by organically integrating the tree form arrangement, the leaf curtain arrangement and theoverall cultivation arrangement of plates in a grape yard, thus, a good synergistic effect is achieved, and a formed cultivation arrangement can greatly improve the photosynthetic efficiency of the grape leaf curtain; the quality consistency and the stability of the annual output can be kept better; the raising of fruiting parts can be inhibited effectively; the degrees of normalization and standardization are high; and the grape cultivation arrangement is suitable to be applied to the cultivation of vinifera, especially suitable to be applied to the cultivation in sloping fields of a mountainous area, and the grape cultivation arrangement is also convenient for being opened to be a sightseeing grape yard.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of viticulture layout and cultivation method.
Background technology:
Wine grape, referring to make grape wine is the grape variety of main production purpose.Through for many years further investigation, the processing of each step has technical specification to the culture technique of wine grape, in China just just like " the Chinese vinify technical specification " of State Economic and Trade Commission's issue; The provincial standard DB65/T2002-2002 of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions plantation rules such as " wine grape cultivation technical specifications " can for referencely be carried out.Countries in the world are not the output of pursuing wine grape in order to realize high-quality vinous, but start with from the output of strictness restriction wine grape.Because how much photosynthetic product is a definite value in the grape unit are, output is higher in the unit are, and the photosynthetic product in the specific yield is just more few.So for the content of better quality, the photosynthetic product of the grape that makes follow-up wine brewing production usefulness is higher, the per mu yield of the wine grape of high-quality generally by technological means control a relatively low level.
In the output that limits grape, the homogeneity of the quality on every strain vine between the fruit of last gained also is the focus that everybody pays close attention to.The quality homogeneity of same batch of grape of squeezing the juice is more good, and the must quality of squeezing out is more controlled.If the some of them grape is of poor quality, taste is not enough, will cause last wine quality to descend, if there are indivedual sick or grapes that go mouldy to sneak into, even can cause the must of this batch to cancel, and causes great waste.But because the grape result is under branches and tendrils, and the One's name is legion of each spiked vine, the microenvironment of living in of each grape berry is difference to some extent also.Therefore the same batch of grape of plucking in vineyard all will have convergent high-qualityly, is to want to reach very much during wine grape produces, but technological difficulties that are difficult to reach.
Tree-like and the posture of wine grape (or being posture) is the core technology in the culture technique, the mode that generally adopts mainly is the single file plantation at present, 2～2.5 meters of line-spacings, the main tree-like posture that adopts are hedge frame I type leaf curtain, U-shaped leaf curtain, the cultivation of V-type leaf curtain or lead climing fan type leaf curtain cultivation more.There is following defective in these planting types: 1, except V-type leaf curtain, the photosynthetic usefulness of all the other postures is not high; 2, grape fruit is grown in the different spaces position of branch, and maturity is inconsistent; 3, vineyard frame material input, the amount of labour have high input; 4, have only 2～2.5 meters line space to cause the field management operating space little, difficulty is big; 5, the strain of every mu of plantation tree is low, the making a low multiple use of land resources; 6, band and photosynthetic band are most of overlapping as a result, are unfavorable for the extermination of disease and insect pest targetedly.Application number be disclose in 201010033322.8 the Chinese patent application " a kind of trellis type grape cultivation method " how to arrange form U-shaped leaf curtain, V-type leaf curtain is applied to viticultural concrete mode.Wherein disclose with the master of grape climing (major branch) from ground 0.3 meter just begin to draw to tie up, and also have second and even the 3rd main calyculate to become the V-type leaf curtain of multilayer thereon, though this has improved output, be difficult to guarantee the wine grape quality with and the quality homogeneity.More outstanding culture technique need be developed in this area, especially the new technology that can effectively comprehensively address the above problem on the macroscopic view.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of soil and can accurate more convenient management and guarantee the especially culture technique of wine grape quality of grape can effectively saved.
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of viticulture and arrange, viticulture is arranged and can be called viticulture arrangement or viticulture arrangement again.Viticulture layout of the present invention comprises the plantation layout, and it is characterized in that: described plantation is arranged as the mode that replaces with the size row and arranges vine, and little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m, and big every trade spacing is controlled at 2.5～3m.The big preferred 2.8m～3.0m of every trade spacing.
Wherein, above-mentioned viticulture is arranged and is comprised tree-like layout, described tree-like being arranged as makes the main calyculate that generates on the individual plant major branch become transverse arm, transverse arm and major branch formation T are tree-like or L is tree-like, and will be connected and fixed with the transverse arm adjacent viny of delegation, in delegation, form continuous transverse arm parallel to the ground.
Wherein, the control of transverse arm terrain clearance is at 0.8～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm is at 2～3m between every adjacent two strain grapes.
Wherein, above-mentioned viticulture arranges and comprises that the leaf curtain puts, and described leaf curtain is set to by drawing and ties up or fixing means makes the leaf curtain of the branch of growing on each single file transverse arm form V-type.
Further, it is that the leaf curtain face of the vicinity that grows on the little adjacent parallel transverse arm is in the ranks intersected that leaf curtain during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged is put, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, leaf curtain crosspoint is in band and light as a result and band crossover sites, and then comprises the three-decker that forms photosynthetic layer, bears fruit layer and ground and the ventilating layer between the layer of bearing fruit from top to down
Wherein, the mode that forms double V-shaped leaf curtain during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged is, draw between two parallel transverse arms be placed on little row in the ranks in branch intersect fixingly nearby, intersect fixing point near result the highest on the branch saves the position.
Further, during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged between the branch that grows on the transverse arm time drawn by one and be placed on outside the little row, one is drawn to be placed within the little row and arranges that the branch spacing is between 0.2～0.3m on the same transverse arm.
Wherein, the leaf curtain during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged is formed in the altitude range apart from ground 0.9～2m.
On the basis that provides above-mentioned viticulture to arrange, the present invention also provides a kind of viticultural method, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, plantation vine: arrange the plantation vine in the mode that the size row replaces, little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m during plantation, and big every trade spacing control is at 2.5m～3m;
B, determine tree-like: make in the cultivation process that to grow one or two masters on every strain vine major branch (1) climing, make the main climing major branch that is basically perpendicular to, form transverse arm (2), transverse arm (2) and major branch (1) formation T are tree-like or L is tree-like, to be connected and fixed with the transverse arm adjacent viny (2) of delegation then, in delegation, to form continuous transverse arm (2) parallel to the ground; The control of transverse arm (2) terrain clearance is at 0.8m～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm (2) is at 2～3m between every adjacent two strain grapes;
C, leaf curtain determine and bear fruit: annual shoot growth is tied up or leaf curtain that fixing means grows up to the young sprout branch (3) that grows on the transverse arm forms V-type leaf curtain by drawing behind the certain-length, drawing the branch that is placed within the little row between transverse arm (2) intersects fixing nearby, intersect fixing point control near result the highest on the branch saves the position, make the contiguous leaf curtain face of the little transverse arm of adjacent, parallel in the ranks intersect, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, the leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2m scope, and leaf curtain crosspoint is at band and light as a result and be with crossover sites; At fruit growth period, the fruit that grows is concentrated and is grown in overhead about 0.9m, in the spatial dimension of 0.1～0.4m of the above 0.3m of transverse arm (2) height and horizontal direction, and then form photosynthetic layer, bear fruit layer and ground and the ventilating layer three-decker between the layer of bearing fruit; Carry out field management during vine and the fruit, until vintage.
In said method, according to the physiological property of grape, every strain grape from culturing and planting begin all can to arrange one can near pillar to guarantee during forming tree-like process, forming upright trunk fully; Grow into enough age of trees vine, in the time can forming the transverse arm of upright sturdy trunk and continous-stable, just can no longer rely on support progressively to carry out the transition to a small amount of support or do not have the mode that frame is cultivated.When using the frame material, can use " well " cabinet frame material.Namely form " well " word with two upright cross bars and two horizontal cross bars, two upright cross bars are respectively supported grape major branch corresponding on the two little row, the horizontal cross bar of lower is positioned at the height of transverse arm, and the horizontal cross bar of eminence then is used for providing support for the intersection branch that forms double V-shaped leaf curtain.Under no frame planting type, the branch on the transverse arm still can form double V-shaped leaf curtain and three-decker according to aforesaid method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: thinking breaks traditions, the cultivation of tree-like, posture and vineyard plant integral body is arranged that the three organically combines, reach well collaborative, the cultivation that forms is arranged and can be made vine form three-decker, the photosynthetic usefulness of grape leaf curtain increases substantially, and not in carrying out the later stage field management separately of each level respectively, do not disturb mutually; More feasible fruit with the sheet vineyard obtains nutrient, obtains essentially identical illumination, is in micro climate environment under the essentially identical leaf curtain in essentially identical nutrition supply distance, therefore can keep holding maximum quality consistency and the stability of annual output; Can also improve fruit micro climate environment, reduce disease generation probability; Can promote low joint position bud fully to break up, effectively suppress to move on the setting fruit position; Because the mode of size row combination improves big every trade distance, also make and plant crop rotation and mechanized operation between being convenient in the ranks, increase soil fertility and ecological benefits; Standardization, standardization level height can reduce and build garden cost and land management cost more than 30%; Improve setting fruit position distance overhead, can reduce labor intensity, raise labour efficiency, especially be suitable for the hillside fields, mountain area; " well " cabinet frame material can be used, frame material cost can be saved in a large number.Also be convenient to the open sightseeing vineyard that is in addition.
Description of drawings
The schematic diagram that Fig. 1, viticulture of the present invention are arranged has reflected that mainly plantation is arranged, tree-like layout, has used criss-cross hard frame material.1 is major branch, and 2 is climing for the master who forms transverse arm, and 3 is branch, and 4 is the frame material.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 2, viticulture of the present invention arrange has reflected mainly that two little plantations are in the ranks arranged, tree-like layout and double V-shaped leaf curtains put, and have used criss-cross hard frame material.1 is major branch, and 2 is climing for the master who forms transverse arm, and 3 is branch, and 4 is criss-cross hard frame material, and 6 is the connection material between the frame material.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 3, viticulture of the present invention arrange has mainly reflected the structure of continuous " well " cabinet frame material.5 is " well " cabinet frame material that soft material such as bamboo pole forms, and 6 for connecting the connection material between " well " cabinet frame material, materials such as available bamboo pole.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 4, viticulture of the present invention arrange has reflected mainly that two little plantations are in the ranks arranged, tree-like layout and double V-shaped leaf curtains put, and have used soft material of " well " font.After major branch and transverse arm grow up to typing, can be without the frame material.1 is major branch, and 2 is climing for forming the master of transverse arm, and 3 be branch, and 5 is " well " cabinet frame of soft material formation such as bamboo pole, the 7 connection materials of making for bamboo pole.
The schematic diagram that Fig. 5, viticulture of the present invention arrange has reflected that mainly two grow up to typing and intensity when enough at major branch and transverse arm in the ranks for a short time, can arrange without the plantation under the frame material situation, tree-like layout and double V-shaped leaf curtain put.1 is major branch, and 2 is climing for the master who forms transverse arm, and 3 is branch, and 6 is the connection material that keeps or adopt as required, mainly works to keep double V-shaped leaf curtain.
In addition, adjacent two strains of colleague transverse arm viny interconnects fixing among above-mentioned each figure.There is not directly to show this relation for the connection material that demonstrates use among the figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe in detail by embodiment.
Viticulture of the present invention is arranged and is comprised that planting layout, tree-like layout and leaf curtain puts; Described plantation is arranged as the mode that replaces with the size row and arranges vine, and little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m, and big every trade spacing control is at 2.5m～3m.The big preferred 2.8m～3m of every trade spacing.Preferably, the vine of little capable both sides is arranged in parallel by the trend perpendicular to row.Wherein, tree-like being arranged as during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged makes the main calyculate that generates on the individual plant major branch 1 become transverse arm 2, it is tree-like or to fall L tree-like that transverse arm 2 and major branch 1 form T, tree-like formation can use prior art to finish, and will interconnect fixing with the transverse arm 2 adjacent viny of delegation, be formed at the parallel continuous transverse arm 2 in ground in delegation, transverse arm 2 terrain clearances are controlled at 0.8m～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm 2 is at 2～3m (referring to Fig. 1) between every adjacent two strain grapes.Wherein, leaf curtain during above-mentioned viticulture is arranged is set to by drawing and ties up or fixing means makes the leaf curtain on each single file transverse arm 2 form V-type, two 2 of parallel transverse arms draw the branch 3 that is placed within the little row and intersect fixing nearby, intersect fixing point control near the highest result on the branch 3 saves the position, make the little transverse arm of adjacent, parallel in the ranks 2 contiguous leaf curtain faces intersect, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, leaf curtain crosspoint is in band and light as a result and band crossover sites.The leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2m scope.Wherein, the above-mentioned concrete mode that the leaf curtain is set to V-type can be the branch that will grow on the transverse arm 23 times draws by one and is placed on outside the little row, and one is drawn to be placed within the little row and arranges that branch 3 spacings are between 0.2m～0.3m on the same transverse arm.The grape leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2.0m scope, and fruit is then concentrated and is distributed in overhead about 0.9m, in the space of the above 0.3m altitude range of transverse arm and 0.6～0.7m width range.
More particularly, the mode that adopts the size row to combine is arranged in cultivation of the present invention, changes the single file plantation that waits line-spacing the duplicate rows plantation alternately of into size row; At 0.4～0.6m, big every trade spacing determines that according to the certain proportion of the effective amount of growth of different cultivars control is convenient to soil comprehensive utilization and field operation at 2.8m～3.0m to little every trade spacing according to different cultivars control.Put and arrange the frame material of " well " font in order better to carry out follow-up leaf curtain, preferred, the vine of little capable both sides is arranged in parallel by the trend perpendicular to row.Vine can adopt down L tree-like or the T type is tree-like and it is fixing to interconnect, and forms parallel continuous transverse arm 2.Transverse arm 2 is highly controlled at 0.8m～1.1m, two transverse arm 2 length controls are at 1cm～1.5m about every strain grape, the grape leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2.0m scope, fruit is concentrated in the space be distributed in overhead 0.9m left and right sides 0.1m altitude range and 0.6m width range, no matter be that branch is handled or the fruit harvesting work, meet the best actuating range of ergonomics hand, both formed typical photosynthetic band, the band of bearing fruit, ventilation strip " three band cultivations " pattern, alleviate the fatigue strength of field operation work again; After transverse arm 2 is connected and fixed, it is as a whole that the full line vine becomes, strengthen load support ability and wind loading rating, made the use that to change into soft material 5 (being representative with bamboo pole) of using of hard frame material 4 (be representative with the cement pole), can obtain better effect.Soft described in the present invention describes is relative soft or hard with hard frame material, the frame material that is traditional cement class is called as hard frame material, and the frame material of bamboo pole class has certain pliability, so be called as soft material in the present invention owing to softer for cement pole.Soft material arranges that at traditional single file in the planting patterns, because its matter is soft, it is not enough to make cross supporting dynamics, is difficult to obtain extensive use, and in arrangement of the present invention, owing to can use " well " cabinet frame, so can well be used.
Branch on the transverse arm is positioned in the middle backguy between the frame material (Fig. 2) according to putting one, draw the way of tying up, is drawn the spacing of tying up or be placed in two outer adjacent branches 3 and is formed between 0.2m～0.3m naturally; Leaf curtain on the single file transverse arm 2 forms V-type, article two, vicinal face intersects between the parallel transverse arm, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, hard frame material 4 connects cross bars (Fig. 4) by a center backguy (Fig. 2) or two second layers by soft material 5 and keeps V-type leaf curtain, prevents that transverse arm 2 from rotating; By adjusting the vertical range on a center backguy or two two layers of backguys and transverse arm 2 planes, can adapt to the kind of different branch hardness or the kind at Different Results position and keep V-type leaf curtain, and prevent transverse arm 2 rotations; The crosspoint by the control of little every trade distance and frame material at band and light as a result be with crossover sites.Can guarantee that like this leaf curtain utilizes illumination to greatest extent, can avoid the closing of leaf curtain again, fruit can all be exposed, be particularly conducive to fruit quality and improve and the extermination of disease and insect pest; The grape leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2m scope, and fruit concentrates the transverse arm 2 above 0.3m be distributed in 0.9 ± 0.1m altitude range overhead highly and in the spatial dimension of 0.1～0.4m of transverse arm 2 horizontal directions.
4 of hard frame materials can adopt " ten " font, adopt backguy to connect at the cross-arm two ends, establish the center backguy in the vertical rod of the above certain distance of cross-arm and connect, and cross-arm refers to the fixing horizontal quarter butt consistent with the transverse arm height that forms cross in cement pole middle part.When using the strong hard frame materials of rigidity such as cement pole or Metallic rod, make relative with installation cost higher, simultaneously generally be to install according to per 4～6 meters spacing, when occurring that backguy is disconnected takes off, viny tree-like between the spacing just all damaged, particularly in the phase of bearing fruit, quality and output generation are had a strong impact on.
Can overcome this defective during soft materials such as employing bamboo pole.When using bamboo pole etc. to make soft material 5, adopt " well " font also to adopt the hardwired mode of bamboo pole that trunk, transverse arm and branch height are fitted, namely use frame material such as bamboo pole to substitute backguy and play the connection effect.The density that soft material of " well " font 5 installed be consistent with planting density (every strain trunk and every vertical rod are leaned on mutually), " well " font ground floor (lower floor) terrain clearance is consistent with the transverse arm height, second layer height is consistent with the crosspoint height, connects into integral body (referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 4) between soft material 5 of some " well " font.Use this soft material 5 in cultivating tree-like process, can improve the standardization level that the T type is tree-like or the L type is tree-like, improved every strain stability viny, avoid taking off the back because backguy is disconnected and form the vine situation of lodging in flakes, reduce simultaneously material and human cost that frame material 4 drops into significantly, simplify the operation course.In addition, the two ends of per 4～6 continuous " well " words can increase respectively on two oblique dried being supported on " well " word again, to strengthen steadiness and particularly to the adaptability in hillside fields.
The service life of soft material 5, not enough hard frame material was long 4 service lives, general arrangement and use 4～5 years, grown typing and possess the ability that the oneself supports of vine trunk and transverse arm when the time comes, the kind of branch harder than half hard can carry out the transition to no support planting type (referring to Fig. 5).After realizing no support cultivation, can form the layout of double V-shaped leaf curtain equally: be about to branch on two parallel transverse arms and on aforementioned crosspoint, adopt one to need not to draw to tie up and get final product as connecting material 6 by the center line of support location according to aforementioned way, very easy.
Embodiment one uses the present invention to cultivate and arranges and carries out viticulture
At first carry out plantation viny: arrange the plantation vine in the mode that the size row replaces, little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m during plantation, and big every trade spacing control is at 2.5m～3m.Culturing and planting begin with one near the pillar of trunk to guarantee in forming tree-like process, can to form upright trunk.
Determine tree-like and tree-like layout then: use the common technology of this area to make in the course of cultivation only to grow on every strain vine major branch or only to keep one or two masters climing, make main climingly to go out and basic vertical major branch 1 (or being trunk) liftoff 90 centimeters left and right sides directors, form transverse arm 2, it is tree-like or to fall L tree-like that transverse arm 2 and major branch 1 form T.To be connected and fixed with the transverse arm 2 adjacent viny of delegation then, in delegation, to form continuous transverse arm parallel to the ground; The control of transverse arm 2 terrain clearances is at 0.8m～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm 2 is at 2～3m between every adjacent two strain grapes.Use 5 pairs of major branches of soft material of intersecting parallels to carry out supplemental support in this process, and the bamboo pole that uses between two intersecting parallels framves one deck down is as the horizontal growth (referring to Fig. 5) that connects material 6 auxiliary transverse arms, uses the backguy of last layer between two intersecting parallels framves or bamboo pole as intersection branch supplemental support material on adjacent two transverse arms.
When treating that branch 3 grows on the annual transverse arm 2, namely alleged when a young sprout grows then on the cultivation, carry out the layout (referring to Fig. 5) of leaf curtain.Namely young sprout grows up to when having the branch that is enough to draw the length of tying up, tie up or fixing means forms V-type leaf curtains with branch out on the transverse arm 23 by drawing, two 2 of parallel transverse arms in the little row draw the branch 3 that is placed within the little row and intersect fixing nearby, intersect fixing point control near the highest result on the branch 3 saves the position, make the contiguous leaf curtain face of the little transverse arm of adjacent, parallel in the ranks intersect, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, the leaf curtain is formed on apart from more than the 0.9m of ground and in the 2m scope, leaf curtain crosspoint uses intersecting parallels frame material 5 and bamboo pole to support auxiliary in band and light as a result and band crossover sites in this process.
At fruit growth period, the fruit that grows is concentrated and is grown in overhead about 0.9m, around the above 0.3m of transverse arm height and the transverse arm in the spatial dimension of 0.6～0.7m width, and then form photosynthetic layer from top to down, bear fruit layer and ground and the ventilating layer three-decker between the layer of bearing fruit; Whole process of cultivation is carried out corresponding field management, until vintage.
Use the present invention to cultivate on the spot and arrange that the anaphase effect that carries out obtaining after the viticulture is:
Existing single file plantation arrangement grape density is 2 meters of single file, spacing in the rows, 2 meters of line-spacings, and about every mu of 333 strains, the leaf curtain is hedge frame or single V-type leaf curtain.
The present invention cultivates and arranges and existing single file plantation arrangement, has carried out the grape long-term contrast since nineteen ninety-eight of kinds such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt, U.S. pleasure, Chardonnay, this beautiful jade of the heart of a lotus seed, White Riesling, Vidal Blanc Cabernet franc and cultivated all under the identical situation in other cultivating technologies and process.Output and stability, the uniformity of fruit quality and the aspects of using such as cost are comprehensively compared.The cultivation result that table 1 of the present invention has been lifted U.S. happy kind is example, and the result of the experiment in cultivation of all the other kinds has identical trend, and the synthesis result of each kind is then referring to table 2.
1, the comparative test result of yielding stability:
Fruit branch rate (fruit bearing shoot accounts for all the ratio of shoot then) can reach more than 90%, and other cultivation fruit branch rates generally about 70%, improve obviously.
The accuracy of per mu yield control, i.e. the ratio of the difference of design or plan yield and actual production and design or plan yield can reach more than 90%.The year fluctuation wave amplitude of per mu yield, the different annual volume variances in same plot and the variance rate that designs output can be controlled in ± 10% scope.And other single file arrangements, the per mu yield precise control generally can only reach 60%～80%, and the year fluctuation wave amplitude of per mu yield can reach more than 50%～80%.
The result shows, adopts this cultivation to arrange and carries out the cultivation of wine grape, can precisely control the fruit per mu yield and keep annual stable yield.
2, in the testing result of fruit quality
Fruit quality uniformity aspect is mainly reflected in the consistent degree of fruit ear size, two aspects of the consistent degree of sugar-acid ratio (acid-sugar ratio).
Aspect the fruit ear size, adopt the present invention to cultivate the vineyard of placement technique, the heavy wave amplitude of its normal fruit list fringe namely should be abundant standard fruit ear average weight of sampling and the variance rate between the reality for many years then, usually remain on ± 15% in, greatly fringe fruit occurrence probability is very low; And the heavy wave amplitude of normal fruit list fringe in orchards that adopts other cultivation arrangements is usually in ± 30%, and greatly fringe fruit occurrence probability is more.Fruit ear development degree or to make fruit ear grow percentage of head rice higher, also better, namely the degree of closeness of each fruit ear and standard fruit ear is higher.
Aspect sugar-acid ratio, the ripe gluconic acid that the grape child-care center that adopts the present invention to cultivate layout plucks is better than index, and the desired value difference that adopts conventional field standard sampling method to obtain to obtain when desired value is produced with squeezing is less than 10%, and the difference of other cultivations is generally greater than 20%, consistent Du Gengjia.
The result shows, adopts this cultivation to arrange and carries out the cultivation of wine grape, and the fruit quality uniformity that obtains is better than prior art.
In addition, adopt the present invention to cultivate the vineyard of layout in perennial grape production process, can effectively the setting fruit position of grape be controlled in the above 0.15m of transverse arm～0.3m scope, and the setting fruit position scope of common pergola cultivation etc. often reaches more than the 1m, suppressed effectively setting fruit position on move.Basic all the concentrating of grape fruit exposed below photosynthetic band, form photosynthetic layer from top to down, bear fruit layer and ventilating layer three-decker; Be easy to observe respectively targetedly, protection and disease control, when disease takes place, loss amount effectively control output 5% in, and other modes are in the output that tends to lose down under similar circumstances more than 30%.
Table 1 the present invention cultivates and arranges and existing single file cultivation layout
The effect of cultivation U.S. happy (Merlot) comprehensively contrasts
Many kinds effect that table 2 the present invention cultivates layout and existing single file cultivation layout comprehensively compares
Claims (5)
1. the viticulture arrangement comprises the plantation arrangement, it is characterized in that: described plantation arrangement is arranged vine for the mode that replaces with the size row, and little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m, and big every trade spacing control is at 2.5～3m;
Described viticulture arrangement also comprises tree-like arrangement, described tree-like arrangement is for to make the main calyculate on the individual plant major branch (1) become transverse arm (2), transverse arm (2) and major branch (1) formation T are tree-like or L is tree-like, and will be connected and fixed with the transverse arm adjacent viny (2) of delegation, in delegation, form continuous transverse arm (2) parallel to the ground; The control of transverse arm (2) terrain clearance is at 0.8～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm (2) is at 2～3m between every adjacent two strain grapes;
Described viticulture arrangement also comprises leaf curtain interposed structure, described leaf curtain interposed structure is for tying up or fixing means makes the leaf curtain of the branch (3) of growing on each single file transverse arm form V-type by drawing, the contiguous leaf curtain face that grows on the little adjacent parallel transverse arm (2) is in the ranks intersected, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole; Leaf curtain crosspoint is in band and photosynthetic band crossover sites as a result, so form photosynthetic layer, bear fruit layer and ground and the ventilating layer three-decker between the layer of bearing fruit.
2. viticulture arrangement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mode that forms double V-shaped leaf curtain is, draw between two parallel transverse arms (2) be placed on little row in the ranks in branch (3) intersects fixingly nearby, the intersection fixing point is near result the highest on the branch saves the position.
3. viticulture arrangement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described leaf curtain is formed on apart from the 0.9～2m scope of ground.
4. viticulture arrangement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mode that described leaf curtain is set to V-type is placed on outside the little row between the branch (3) that grows on the transverse arm (2) time is drawn by one, one is drawn to be placed within the little row and arranges that the branch spacing is between 0.2～0.3m on the same transverse arm.
5. grape cultivation method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, plantation vine: arrange the plantation vine in the mode that the size row replaces, little every trade spacing control is at 0.4～0.6m during plantation, and big every trade spacing control is at 2.5m～3m;
B, determine tree-like: make in the cultivation process that to grow one or two masters on every strain vine major branch (1) climing, make the main climing major branch that is basically perpendicular to, form transverse arm (2), transverse arm (2) and major branch (1) formation T are tree-like or L is tree-like, to be connected and fixed with the transverse arm adjacent viny (2) of delegation then, in delegation, to form continuous transverse arm (2) parallel to the ground; The control of transverse arm (2) terrain clearance is at 0.8m～1.1m; The total length control of transverse arm (2) is at 2～3m between every adjacent two strain grapes;
C, leaf curtain are determined and are born fruit: after annual young sprout grows, tie up or leaf curtain that fixing means grows up to the young sprout branch (3) that grows on the transverse arm forms V-type leaf curtain by drawing, drawing the branch that is placed within the little row between transverse arm (2) intersects fixing nearby, intersect fixing point control near result the highest on the branch saves the position, make the contiguous leaf curtain face of the little transverse arm of adjacent, parallel in the ranks intersect, form double V-shaped leaf curtain on the whole, the leaf curtain is formed on apart from 0.9m to the 2m scope of ground, and leaf curtain crosspoint is in band and photosynthetic band crossover sites as a result; At fruit growth period, the fruit that grows is concentrated and to be grown in overhead about 0.9m, in the spatial dimension of 0.1～0.4m of the above 0.3m height of transverse arm (2) and horizontal direction, and then the formation photosynthetic layer, to bear fruit layer and ground and the ventilating layer three-decker between the layer of bearing fruit; Carry out field management during the viticulture, until vintage.
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| CN103329774B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-12-03 | 安徽芜湖瑞康农业科技开发有限公司 | Grape cultivation method and special rack for cultivation method |
| CN104221808A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2014-12-24 | 张家港贸安贸易有限公司 | Grape transplantation and plantation managing method |
| CN104396681A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-11 | 李文广 | Planting method for grapes in eastern part of Anhui |
| CN105340675B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-05-25 | 大理时代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of vinegrowing fruiting management method |
| CN106212197A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-14 | 广东联合国际农林产业股份有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Vitis viniferae is without support implantation methods |
| CN107155798A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-09-15 | 北京莱恩堡葡萄酒业有限公司 | The cultural method of grape |
| CN109479610A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-19 | 中法合营王朝葡萄酿酒有限公司 | A kind of more main stem fan grape trellis remodeling methods |
| CN110859107B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Pruning method for two-cropping fruits of Guipu No. 6 harvested in two years in one year |
| CN111642320B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2021-11-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for cultivating grapes in rotation mode |
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