CN102264878A - 润滑脂组合物 - Google Patents

润滑脂组合物 Download PDF

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CN102264878A
CN102264878A CN200980152002XA CN200980152002A CN102264878A CN 102264878 A CN102264878 A CN 102264878A CN 200980152002X A CN200980152002X A CN 200980152002XA CN 200980152002 A CN200980152002 A CN 200980152002A CN 102264878 A CN102264878 A CN 102264878A
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acid
base oil
lubricating composition
oil
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S·达伊格林
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Abstract

润滑脂组合物，包含：(i)基油；(ii)包含(a)C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂和(b)C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的增稠剂体系。本发明的润滑脂组合物表现出增大的耐水性和剪切稳定性及良好的析油性。本发明的润滑脂组合物还包含比传统锂基润滑脂组合物中存在的更低的锂含量。

Description

润滑脂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑脂组合物，特别涉及具有改进的耐水性、改进的剪切稳定性和良好的析油性的润滑脂组合物。
背景技术
润滑的主要目的是分隔彼此相对移动的固体表面，以使摩擦和磨损最小化。针对该目的最常用的材料是油和脂。润滑剂的选择主要由特定的应用决定。
在存在重压、在不希望油从轴承上滴落或者在接触面的运动不连续以致于难以在轴承中保持分隔膜的情况下使用润滑脂。由于设计简单、降低的密封要求和较少需要维护，对于润滑电机中的球轴承和滚珠轴承、家用电器、车轮轴承、机加工工具、飞行器附件和采矿工具几乎普遍首先考虑润滑脂。润滑脂还用于润滑小的齿轮驱动和用于许多慢速滑动应用。
润滑脂是双质量飞轮应用中选择的润滑剂。双质量飞轮消除了过多的传动齿轮碰撞声，减少了齿轮改变/切换尝试，并增加了燃料经济性。双质量飞轮通常装配在具有标准手动变速的轻型柴油卡车和较高性能的奢华汽车上以减少传动系统中的振动。这允许车辆操作更久而没有长期损坏。
润滑脂主要由流体润滑剂如油和增稠剂组成。基本上，在配混润滑脂时使用与通常选择用于油润滑的相同类型的油。锂、钙、钠、铝和钡的脂肪酸皂最常用作增稠剂。其中锂盐与有机复合剂例如壬二酸、癸二酸反应的锂复合皂也常用作润滑脂组合物中的增稠剂。
由于日益增长的更高性能要求，希望提供具有改进的润滑性能和特别是高的滴点、改进的耐水性、改进的剪切稳定性、降低的析油性以及改进的噪音和密度形态的润滑脂。
另外，由于锂金属的供应越来越短缺，有利的是提供的润滑脂配方比传统锂复合润滑脂组合物中使用更低的锂含量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种润滑脂组合物，包含：
(i)基油；和
(ii)包含(a)C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂和(b)C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的增稠剂体系。
本发明进一步提供如下所述的润滑组合物用于增大耐水性的用途。
本发明进一步提供如下所述的润滑组合物用于增大剪切稳定性的用途。
本发明进一步提供如下所述的润滑组合物用于减少析油的用途。
本发明进一步提供如下所述的润滑脂组合物在双质量飞轮应用中的用途。
已经令人惊奇地发现，本发明的润滑脂组合物表现出良好的耐水性、剪切稳定性和析油性及良好的摩擦降低性能、好的稳定性、好的磨损性能、高的耐离心力性能和增长的润滑脂寿命，特别是在质量飞轮应用或接合应用中。从锂含量比传统锂基润滑脂组合物中更低的角度来看，本发明的润滑脂组合物也是有利的。
具体实施方式
本发明的润滑脂包含基油作为必要组分。
关于用于本发明方法中的基油组合物没有特别限制，和可以适宜地使用各种传统的矿物油和合成油。为了描述目的，术语“基油”意在还包括润滑脂基料。
优选地，基于润滑组合物的总重量计，润滑组合物包含至少30wt％基油，优选至少50wt％，更优选至少70wt％。
用于本发明的基油组合物可以适宜地包含一种或多种矿物油和/或一种或多种合成油的混合物。
这里使用的基油在40℃下的运动粘度(根据ASTM D445)优选为10-2000mm2/s。
矿物油包括液体石油和溶剂处理或酸处理的链烷烃、环烷烃或混合的链烷烃/环烷烃类型的矿物润滑油，后者可以通过加氢精制工艺和/或脱蜡进一步精制。
用于本发明的润滑油组合物中的合适基油是I类、II类或III类基油、聚α-烯烃、费-托衍生基油和它们的混合物。
在本发明中“I类”基油、“II类”基油和“III类”基油是指根据美国石油协会(API)分类I、II和III的定义的润滑油基油。该API分类定义在API Publication 1509，第15版，附件E，2002年4月中。
可以适宜地在本发明的润滑油组合物中用作基油的合适费-托衍生基油是例如公开于EP0776959、EP0668342、WO97/21788、WO00/15736、WO00/14188、WO00/14187、WO00/14183、WO00/14179、WO00/08115、WO99/41332、EP1029029、WO01/18156和WO01/57166中的那些。
合成油包括烃油例如烯烃低聚物(PAO)、二元酸酯、多元醇酯和脱蜡的蜡质残油。可以适宜地使用由Shell Group以牌号“XHVI”(商标)出售的合成烃基油。
在本发明的优选实施方案中，基油是Royal Dutch/Shell Group ofCompanies以牌号“HVI”或“MVIN”出售的矿物源基油。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，润滑组合物包含聚亚烷基二醇基油。关于在本发明的润滑组合物中使用的聚亚烷基二醇基油没有特别限制，和可以适宜地使用各种传统的聚亚烷基二醇。
根据本发明使用的聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)可以显示出具有1-6个碳原子的亚烷基氧化物单元(-R-O-)作为单体单元。
聚亚烷基二醇可以具有氢端基、烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷基芳氧基和/或羟基端基。烷基芳氧基还应该被理解为是指芳基(亚)烷基氧基，和烷芳基是指芳基(亚)烷基(例如芳基CH2CH2-)。烷基类型(包括烷氧基类型)或芳基类型(包括烷芳基类型、芳氧基类型和烷基芳氧基类型)的端基基于芳基类型优选具有6-24个碳原子，特别优选6-18个碳原子，和基于烷基类型优选1-12个碳原子。
聚亚烷基二醇可以是均聚物，即聚丙二醇(和/或聚环氧丙烷)或共聚物、三聚物等。对于后面的情形，单体单元可以表现出无规分布或者嵌段结构。如果聚亚烷基二醇不是均聚物，则优选全部单体单元的至少20％、优选至少40％可由聚环氧丙烷(PO)产生，另外优选地，这些聚亚烷基二醇的全部单体单元的至少20％可使用环氧乙烷(EO)制备(PO/EO共聚物)。根据另一个实施方案，优选全部单体单元的至少20％、优选至少40％可由环氧丁烷(BO)得到，并且此外，优选这些聚亚烷基二醇的全部单体单元的至少20％可使用环氧乙烷得到(BO/EO共聚物)。
在这里的优选实施方案中，优选全部单体单元的至少50％、更优选至少80％可由环氧丙烷制得，余下的可由环氧乙烷制得。
在这里的特别优选的实施方案中，聚亚烷基二醇是环氧丙烷均聚物。聚丙烯均聚物的合适例子可由Dow Chemicals以商品名Synalox(RTM)例如Synalox(RTM)100-150B商购获得。
当使用(多元)醇时，将起始化合物引入聚合物，并且根据本发明的含义，也称作聚合物链的端基。合适的起始物质由包含活性氢的化合物例如水、正丁醇、丙二醇、乙二醇、新戊二醇例如季戊四醇、亚乙基二胺、苯酚、甲酚或其它(C1-C16(单、二或三)烷基)芳族物质、(羟基烷基)芳族物质、氢醌、氨基乙醇胺、三亚乙基四胺、多胺、山梨醇或其它糖组成。其它C-H酸性化合物例如羧酸或羧酸酐也可用作起始化合物。其它合适的起始化合物包括较长链的醇，例如C10-C18醇。
优选地，聚亚烷基二醇包含例如作为侧链或端基插入聚合物链的芳基或相应的杂芳基；如果需要，所述基团可以被直链或支化的烷基或亚烷基取代，所述烷基或亚烷基总体优选具有1-18个碳原子。
环醚醇例如羟基糠基或羟基四氢呋喃、氮杂环或硫杂环也可用作起始物质。这类聚亚烷基二醇公开于WO01/57164中，其中的教导在此引入作为参考。
优选地，本发明的聚亚烷基二醇的平均分子量(数均)为200-6000g/mol，更优选400-4000g/mol，甚至更优选1000-3000g/mol，和特别为2000-3000g/mol。
根据本发明使用的聚亚烷基二醇可以通过使醇(包括多元醇)作为起始化合物与环氧烷例如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷反应而制备。反应后，这些仅具有一个游离羟基作为端基。仅有一个羟基的聚亚烷基二醇优于具有两个游离羟基的那些。就稳定性、吸湿性和相容性而言，例如在进一步的醚化步骤后不再包含游离羟基的聚亚烷基二醇是特别优选的。末端羟基的烷基化导致热稳定性增强。因此，在本发明特别优选的实施方案中，PAG基油包括封端的PAG，即其中不存在游离羟基。
优选地，润滑组合物包含至少30wt％PAG基油，优选至少50wt％，更优选至少70wt％，基于润滑组合物的总重量计。甚至更优选只使用(一种或多种)PAG基油作为基油。
根据本发明的优选实施方案，PAG基油在40℃下的运动粘度(根据ASTM D445)为32-690，优选为100-300，更优选为150-250mm2/s。
当基油是聚亚烷基二醇基油时，它可与任何传统使用的矿物源或合成源的润滑油一起使用。但在本发明的一个实施方案中，基油只由一种或多种聚亚烷基二醇基油组成。
除了基油外，本发明的润滑脂组合物还含有包含C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂和C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的增稠剂体系。
在润滑脂中增稠剂体系的存在量优选为组合物重量的2-30％，优选为5-20％。
优选地，羟基C12-C24羧酸的锂皂是C16-C20羟基羧酸。特别优选的羟基羧酸是羟基硬脂酸，例如9-羟基、10-羟基或12-羟基硬脂酸，更优选后者。也可以使用蓖麻油酸，它是在9-10位具有双键的12-羟基硬脂酸的不饱和形式。其它合适的羟基脂肪酸包括12-羟基山萮酸和10-羟基棕榈酸。
C2-C12二羧酸优选为C4-C12、更优选C6-C10脂族二羧酸。合适的酸的例子包括草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、庚二酸、壬二酸、十二烷二酸和癸二酸。特别优选壬二酸和癸二酸。
C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐中存在的碱土金属优选选自钙和镁以及它们的混合物。
在基油是矿物油的情况下，当碱土金属是镁时观察到特别好的润滑性能。在基油是聚亚烷基二醇的情况下，当碱土金属是钙时观察到特别好的润滑性能。
C12-C24羟基脂肪酸和C2-C12脂族二羧酸优选以20∶1-1∶1、优选10∶1-1∶1、更优选8∶1-3∶1的重量比存在。
从允许使用比传统锂复合物基润滑脂中更低的锂金属含量的角度来看，本发明的包含上述增稠剂体系的润滑脂组合物特别有利。与只基于锂皂和锂复合皂且不含任何C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的传统锂复合物基润滑脂组合物相比，本发明的润滑脂组合物中锂的存在量优选降低约40-50wt％。
本发明的润滑脂组合物的制备方法包括制备包含基油、碱土金属氢氧化物或氧化物和C2-C12二羧酸的预浆液以形成C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的步骤。在该方法的另一步骤中，将所述预浆液加入包含基油、氢氧化锂和C12-C24羟基羧酸的混合物中。
各种常规的润滑脂添加剂可以以该应用领域的通常用量引入本发明的润滑脂中，以赋予给润滑脂某些希望的特性，例如氧化稳定性、粘性、极压性能和腐蚀抑制性。合适的添加剂包括一种或多种极压/耐磨剂，例如锌盐如二烷基或二芳基二硫代磷酸锌、硼酸盐、取代的噻二唑、例如通过使二烷氧基胺与取代的有机磷酸酯反应制备的聚合氮/磷化合物、胺磷酸酯、天然或合成源的硫化鲸蜡油、硫化猪油、硫化酯、硫化脂肪酸酯和类似的硫化材料，例如式(OR)3P＝O(其中R是烷基、芳基或芳烷基)的有机磷酸酯和三苯基硫代磷酸酯；一种或多种高碱性含金属的清净剂，例如钙或镁的烷基水杨酸盐或者烷基芳基磺酸盐；一种或多种无灰分散剂添加剂，例如聚异丁烯基琥珀酸酐和胺或酯的反应产物；一种或多种抗氧剂，例如受阻酚或胺，例如苯基α-萘胺；一种或多种防锈添加剂；一种或多种摩擦调节添加剂；一种或多种粘度指数改进剂；一种或多种倾点抑制添加剂；及一种或多种增粘剂。也可以加入固体材料例如石墨、磨碎的二硫化钼、滑石、金属粉末和各种聚合物如聚乙烯蜡以赋予特殊性能。
为降低摩擦水平，本领域技术人员主要寻求使用有机钼基制剂，和在这类润滑组合物的专利文献中有多种建议。
下面参考以下实施例描述本发明：
实施例1-4与对比例A和B
通过以下步骤制备以下实施例的润滑脂。通过将10％基油、癸二酸、氢氧化钙或氧化镁和30ml水混合并将该混合物搅拌20分钟制备预制浆液。将预制的浆液与50％的基油、12-羟基硬脂酸、一水合氢氧化锂和100ml水一起装入高压釜。关闭高压釜并加热至145℃。达到排气温度后，打开排气阀并释放蒸汽30分钟。当蒸汽压为0巴时，趁着排气阀仍然打开，开始加热直到215℃的温度。达到215℃的温度后，用1℃/min的夹套冷却将高压釜冷却到165℃。达到165℃后，将余下的50％的基油装入容器。然后将产物冷却至80℃并将全部添加剂装入容器。然后用三辊研磨机将产物均化。
所制备的润滑脂的组成描述于下表1和2中。实施例1和2及对比例A基于矿物油。实施例1的润滑脂组合物包含矿物油基油、12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸钙的混合物。实施例2与实施例1相同，只是包含癸二酸镁代替癸二酸钙。对比例A与实施例1和2相同，只是包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸锂的混合物(即没有癸二酸钙或镁)。实施例3和4及对比例B基于聚亚烷基二醇基油。实施例3的润滑脂组合物包含聚亚烷基二醇基油、12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸钙的混合物。实施例4与实施例3相同，只是包含癸二酸镁代替癸二酸钙。对比例B与实施例3和4相同，只是包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸锂的混合物(即没有癸二酸钙或镁)。
表1-实施例1和2与对比例A
  对比例A   实施例1   实施例2
  Synalox 100-150B1   0   0   0
  HVI 1702   83.82   83.82   84.13
  LiOH-H2O   2.3   1.52   1.52
  Ca(OH)2   0   0.78   0
  MgO   0   0   0.47
  癸二酸   1.88   1.88   1.88
  12-羟基硬脂酸   10   10   10
  Naugalube AMS3   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Ralox LC4   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Irganox L575   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Valirex Zn 8.06   0.5   0.5   0.5
1.可由Dow Chemicals商购获得的聚丙二醇均聚物
2.可由Shell Oil Company商购获得的在40℃下粘度为110mm2s-1和粘度指数为95的矿物油
3.可由Chimtura，USA商购获得
4.可由Raschig，Ludwigshafen，Germany商购获得
5.可由CIBA Geigy Specialties，Switzerland商购获得
6.可由Corm Van Loocke，Belgium商购获得
表2-实施例3和4与对比例B
  对比例B   实施例3   实施例4
  Synalox 100-150B1   83.82   83.82   84.10
  HVI 1702   0   0   0
  LiOH-H2O   2.3   1.52   1.52
  Ca(OH)2   0   0.78   0
  MgO   0   0   0.5
  癸二酸   1.88   1.88   1.88
  12-羟基硬脂酸   10   10   1.88
  Naugalube AMS3   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Ralox LC4   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Irganox L575   0.5   0.5   0.5
  Valirex Zn 8.06   0.5   0.5   0.5
1.可由Dow Chemicals商购获得的聚丙二醇均聚物
2.可由Shell Oil Company商购获得的在40℃下粘度为110mm2s-1和粘度指数为95的矿物油
3.可由Chimtura，USA商购获得
4.可由Raschig，Ludwigshafen，Germany商购获得
5.可由CIBA Geigy Specialties，Switzerland商购获得
6.可由Corm Van Loocke，Belgium商购获得
润滑性能的测量
对实施例1-4及对比例A和B的润滑脂进行各种标准测试方法以测量各种不同的润滑性能。所使用的各种测试方法在下面列出。
未工作针入度使用DIN ISO 2137测量。工作针入度使用DIN ISO2137测量。
辊压测试后的工作针入度使用ISO 2137/ASTM-D1831测量。
工作针入度差值使用ISO 2137/ASTM-D1831测量。
析油使用DIN 51817/IP121/ASTM D6184/98测量。
结果
结果示于下表3和4中。
表3-实施例1和2与对比例A的结果
  A   1   2
  滴点(℃)   224   226   221
  未工作针入度(0.1mm)7   260   254   231
  工作针入度(0.1mm)7   267   276   256
  辊压测试后工作针入度(0.1mm)8   319   305   278
  辊压测试后工作针入度差值(0.1mm)8   52   29   22
  辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度(0.1mm)9   475   334   375
  辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度差值(0.1mm)9   208   58   120
  析油(wt％)10   8.8   6.9   3.2
  析油(wt％)11   16.5   18.9   7.9
7.在25℃下测量
8.在80℃下进行50小时
9.在80℃下在10wt％水中进行24小时
10.在120℃下进行18小时
11.在120℃下进行7天
表4-实施例3和4与对比例B的结果
  B   3   4
  滴点(℃)   264   231   290
  未工作针入度(0.1mm)7   232   204   240
  工作针入度(0.1mm)7   240   216   274
  辊压测试后工作针入度(0.1mm)8   281   279   295
  辊压测试后工作针入度差值(0.1mm)8   41   63   21
  辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度(0.1mm)9   380   249   295
  辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度差值(0.1mm)9   140   33   21
  析油(wt％)10   1.8   0.7   2.6
  析油(wt％)11   4.2   1.6   7.2
7.在25℃下测量
8.在80℃下进行50小时
9.在80℃下在10wt％水中进行24小时
10.在120℃下进行18小时
11.在120℃下进行7天
讨论
由表3(基于矿物油的润滑脂)可以看出，实施例1的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸钙)表现出与对比例A的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸锂)相当的析油性。由表3还可以看出，实施例2的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸镁)表现出与对比例A的润滑脂相比明显降低的析油性。
由表4(基于聚亚烷基二醇的润滑脂)可以看出，实施例3的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸钙)表现出与对比例B的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸锂)相比明显降低的析油性。由表4还可以看出，实施例4的润滑脂(包含12-羟基硬脂酸锂和癸二酸镁)表现出与对比例B的润滑脂相当的析油性。
由表3可以看出，实施例1和2的润滑脂与对比例A的润滑脂相比具有改进的剪切稳定性能(如实施例1和2的辊压测试后工作针入度和辊压测试后工作针入度差值比对比例A低所证明的)。由表4可以看出，实施例3和4的润滑脂与对比例B的润滑脂相比具有改进的剪切稳定性(如实施例3和4的辊压测试后工作针入度和辊压测试后工作针入度差值比对比例B低所证明的)。
由表3可以看出，实施例1和2的润滑脂与对比例A的润滑脂相比具有改进的耐水性(如实施例1和2的辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度和辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度差值比对比例A低所证明的)。由表4可以看出，实施例3和4的润滑脂与对比例B的润滑脂相比具有改进的耐水性(如实施例3和4的辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度和辊压测试(24h/80℃/10％水)后工作针入度差值比对比例B低所证明的)。

Claims (12)

1.润滑脂组合物，包含：
(i)基油；
(ii)包含(a)C12-C24羟基羧酸的锂皂和(b)C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐的增稠剂体系。
2.权利要求1的润滑组合物，其中C12-C24羟基羧酸是C16-C20羟基羧酸。
3.权利要求1或2的润滑组合物，其中C12-C24羟基羧酸是12-羟基硬脂酸。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的润滑组合物，其中C2-C12二羧酸选自壬二酸、癸二酸、草酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、庚二酸和十二烷二酸以及它们的混合物。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的润滑组合物，其中C2-C12二羧酸选自壬二酸、癸二酸和它们的混合物。
6.权利要求1-5任一项的润滑组合物，其中碱土金属选自钙、镁和它们的混合物。
7.权利要求1-6任一项的润滑组合物，其中基油选自矿物油基油、聚亚烷基二醇基油和它们的混合物。
8.制备权利要求1-7任一项的润滑组合物的方法，包括以下步骤：
(i)制备包含基油、碱土金属氢氧化物或氧化物和C2-C12二羧酸的预浆液，以形成C2-C12二羧酸的碱土金属盐；和
(ii)将步骤(i)中制备的预浆液加入包含基油、氢氧化锂和C12-C24羟基羧酸的混合物中。
9.权利要求1-8任一项的润滑脂组合物用于双质量飞轮应用的用途。
10.权利要求1-8任一项的润滑组合物用于降低析油的用途。
11.权利要求1-8任一项的润滑组合物用于提高耐水性的用途。
12.权利要求1-8任一项的润滑组合物用于提高剪切稳定性的用途。
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CN104312683B (zh) * 2014-10-29 2016-07-13 任新年 一种炉前辊道润滑脂及其制备方法
CN104974827A (zh) * 2015-05-26 2015-10-14 安徽不二越精工轴承有限公司 一种新型润滑油
CN106047457A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2016-10-26 无锡伊佩克科技有限公司 用于轴承的防蚀剂及其制备方法
CN115678633A (zh) * 2022-09-09 2023-02-03 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 一种复合锂预制稠化剂及其制备方法和润滑脂组合物及其制备方法

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