CN102264536A - 包层金属板以及由其制得的热交换器管道等 - Google Patents
包层金属板以及由其制得的热交换器管道等 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102264536A CN102264536A CN2009801524586A CN200980152458A CN102264536A CN 102264536 A CN102264536 A CN 102264536A CN 2009801524586 A CN2009801524586 A CN 2009801524586A CN 200980152458 A CN200980152458 A CN 200980152458A CN 102264536 A CN102264536 A CN 102264536A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000939 field's metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000141353 Prunus domestica Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical group [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Cu] WCCJDBZJUYKDBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K1/0012—Brazing heat exchangers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
- B32B1/08—Tubular products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
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- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明示例性实施方案涉及多层铝合金板材,其适宜制造为热交换器的冷却剂传输管、集管等,还涉及由该板材制备的管道和集管等。该多层金属板材具有有第一面和第二面的铝合金芯层。第一面具有由含锌铝合金制成的夹层,该夹层位于芯层和含锌的外层之间。外层合金比夹层合金具有更强的电负性。夹层合金优选具有比芯层合金更强的电负性。在此第一面覆层是意欲暴露于冷却剂的面,并且提供良好的耐侵蚀和腐蚀性。
Description
背景技术
(1)发明领域
本发明涉及用于生产例如在诸如汽车散热器等热交换器中用于输水的管道和集管(header)的包层金属板(clad metal sheet)。更具体地讲,本发明涉及此类包层金属板结构和由此得到的管道或集管(header)。
(2)相关现有技术说明
热交换器的输水金属管道经常遭受来自内部冷却水的侵蚀,尤其是当该水含有各种化学成分,如用来提高冷却剂沸点或降低冰点的那些时。用于此类管道的金属经常是铝合金,以及AA3000系列的合金(含锰)因为其成型性、导热性、低成本而经常被选择。传统上,这些合金板的一个表面要施加一层所谓的焊接金属,即具有低熔点的铝合金。这通常是含有大量硅元素的AA4000系列合金。通过这种方法涂布的金属板表面是用来充当金属板制管道的外表面的表面。它会使管道一经形成,可以通过焊接方式与金属叶片相连接,从而提高与空气之间的热交换。这样的覆层也为此被称为“空气侧覆层(air-side cladding)”。
要作为管道内表面的表面有时会被涂布或覆盖金属,以减少或延缓腐蚀。热交换器(如散热器)中的内部流体通常且在理想状态下包含50%的去离子或去矿物质水,并添有约50%的弱性冷却剂。但是即便冷却剂如此温和,仍然会发生腐蚀现象,特别是添加方式不对时,情况尤为如此。该类芯层的内部覆层经常被称为“水侧覆层”。此时,AA7072和AA3003等合金(添加1.5重量%的锌)通常被用来提供此类保护。不过,合金AA7072偏软,会在工作过程中锈蚀损坏。鉴于AA7072的强度较低,它还会削弱管道在焊接条件前后的总体强度。
于2008年6月17日授予Ueda等人的美国专利US7387844公开了具有与上述相同的结构的焊接板。水侧覆层包括2-9重量%的锌和各种其他合金元素。
于2007年4月19日公布的授予Vieregge等人的PCT专利公开WO2007/042206公开了具有长期抗腐蚀性能的多层焊接板。水侧覆层包括AA4000系列合金的焊接覆层,在芯层和内部焊接覆层之间,有AA3000系列合金或AA1000系列合金的内衬垫层。举例来讲,内衬垫层可以是包含小于0.25重量%的铜,0.5-1.5重量%的锰,小于0.3重量%的镁以及0.1-5.0重量%的锌的AA3000合金。虽然该合金层被描述为位于内部铜焊合金之下的“内衬垫层”,但应注意到,在焊接步骤中,内部铜焊合金会消失,以此形成填充金属以构成内部管件部分。因此在使用时,内衬垫层本身形成的覆盖层会直接暴露于冷却水中。
于2008年7月2日公布的授予Minami等人的欧洲专利公开EP1939312A1公开了包含芯层的镀覆件,表层在芯层的一个面上,内表层通过中间层提供在芯层的另一面上。内表层为铝—硅焊接材料,并在焊接步骤后消失。夹层之后变成与暴露于冷却水的层用于提供防腐蚀保护。因此,Minami等人的主题与Vieregge等人的主题相似。
虽然此类复合结构在降低用于换热器的管的内部腐蚀方面有所作用,但仍会发生侵蚀或腐蚀,因此最好能提供一种具有更强抗侵蚀和腐蚀功能的金属结构。
发明概述
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,提供了一种多层金属板,其包括具有第一面和第二面的铝合金芯层,其中所述的第一面具有由含锌铝合金制成的夹层,其位于含锌外层(有时称为衬垫层)和芯层之间,外层合金层比夹层合金具有更强的负电性。
优选地,芯层由包含约0.5-2.0重量%的锰、约0.1-1.0重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、最高0.25重量%的硅、最高0.8重量%的镁以及剩余的铝和不可避免的杂质(若存在)的铝合金制得。夹层优选由包含约0.9-2.0重量%的锰、约0.002-0.7重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、0.5-2.0重量%的硅、最高7.0重量%的锌以及剩余的铝和不可避免的杂质(若存在)的合金制得。优选地,水侧外层或覆层由包含约0.9-2.0重量%的锰、约0.002-0.7重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、0.5-2.0重量%的硅、最高7.0重量%的锌以及余量的铝和不可避免的杂质(若存在)的合金制得。优选地,外层合金主要是最少含3重量%锌的铝—锌合金。
板可以制作成适宜制作成热交换器管道或热交换器管件等的任意厚度。管道的优选最小厚度为约150μm,厚度范围优选为150-1000μm。管件可以最高3mm厚。外部覆层通常占据板件总厚度的2-20%。
另一示例性实施方案涉及由上述种类的多层板制得的管子,其中芯层的第一面的外层形成管子的内表面。
在本说明书中,芯层的“第一面”是要与冷却水或类似物(所述的“水侧”)接触的一面,芯层的第二面是要暴露在空气中或其他气体(所述的“空气侧”)的一面。
示例性实施方案的覆板提供良好的抗侵蚀和腐蚀能力。
在特别优选的实施方案中,夹层的合金优选为带有锌的AA7000系列合金,外层合金还可以是含有3-7重量%锌的AA7000系列合金。
为了理解在铝及其合金的命名和确认中通常所采用的数字标识体系,请参阅铝联合会(The Aluminum Association)于2001年1月修订的“熟铝和熟铝合金的国际合金命名和化学组成限制”(“International Alloy Designations and ChemicalComposition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys”)(全文在此引入供参考)。
在工业术语的通常用法中,覆层通常指具有如抗腐蚀性或焊接能力等表面特性的层。芯层通常是指主要目的在于影响全部板材产品的主体机械性能的层。覆层通常但不总是比芯层薄。复合或多层板材料可仅由芯层和覆层构成,但具有三层或更多层的板材在示例性实施方案中更具意义。明显地,在三层或多层结构中,芯层通常是内层。术语“夹层”指位于两相邻层之间的层,例如在芯层和覆层之间的层,因此是板结构的内部。“衬垫层(liner)”通常指衬在管道或其他冷却剂输送元件中的覆层。
术语“强度”在这里用于合金时,意思是“屈服强度”(有时称为“屈服应力”)。该强度可用标准拉伸测试方法让测试标本在进行模拟焊接周期后进行测量。
附图说明
图1是复合金属板的横截面图,用来说明本发明的一个示例性实施方案;
图2所示为由图1所示种类的板材形成的管道的横截面图;
图3A和3B代表实施例中使用的合成结构,其中图3A所示为两层结构,
图3B所示为三层结构,均为卷成300μm最终尺寸之前的样子;以及
图4为显微照片A到F的集合,表示下文所述实施例得到的结果。
实施例
在本发明的示例性实施方案中,铝合金层(称为夹层)处于铝合金芯层和含锌的抗侵蚀耗铝覆层或衬垫层。夹层是铝合金,其阻止或延缓侵蚀过程中的坑洞渗透至芯层。
发明人发现,在输水管或其他器具(例如散热器集管)的全部内表面上侵蚀的发生通常并不均匀,而是在暴露表面上的具体局部位置较快地发生。这些局部位置上的侵蚀形成坑洞,并快速延伸到芯层金属,并可能穿透管壁,导致泄漏或形成薄弱点。示例性实施方案中的外层(衬垫层)和夹层的组合阻止或延缓了这种坑洞从抗侵蚀外层向芯层发展的进程,从而提高了该结构整体的抗侵蚀和抗腐蚀性能。
附图1和2展示了本发明的示例性实施方案所述的简单多层结构。图1为涂覆金属板材局部截面图,图2为由1所示板材通过传统方法制作的管道。在这些附图中,层A为抗腐蚀金属覆层,图B为夹层,层C为金属芯层,层D为合金焊接层。
在示例性实施方案中,层B和层A所选的合金提供了更高的抗侵蚀性。所述层以及其他层的特别优选合金将在下文中进行详细讨论。
层B(水侧夹层)
用于该层的合金优选包含锌,并优选高硅3XXX系列合金,该合金会在焊接进行前后形成高浓度分散体。此类合金的例子(称为合金X和Y)具有如下表1所示的组成(重量%):
表1
这些合金中高含量的锰和硅使其具有高强度(即它们具有高的焊接后屈服强度),因为其赋予了固溶体和颗粒强化。该合金通常比水侧覆层(层A)的强度更高(例如分别为68MPa和35MPa)。如果需要“缩小尺寸(down-gauging)”以节省重量,而多层板件(所谓的“组装(package)”)由于高强度层的存在而总体强度提高时,这是特别有利的。此外,由于更高的焊接后强度,夹层抗腐蚀性比水侧覆层更强(后者部分被腐蚀掉具有明显的好处)。加入锌得到所需的腐蚀潜能,即为芯层牺牲此层。
层A(水侧覆层或“衬垫层”)
水侧外覆层可以是商业纯度铝的基础上包含3-7重量%的锌的任何锻制铝合金(wrought aluminum alloy)(例如AA7000系列合金)。优选地,该合金不含附加的锰。
人们发现,当合金层组合(层B和层A)施加在水侧上时,主导的侵蚀机理由从坑洞向芯发展,最终进入芯本身的方式变为侵蚀的运动沿与芯层平行的方向进行。其结果是,基本上所有的外层(层B和层A)的牺牲金属必须消耗完全之后,侵蚀才会向芯发展。
人们认为,含有3-7重量%锌的外覆层(层A)的开路侵蚀势能比夹层(层B)具有更强的电负性。这意味着,当所述层电耦合时,外覆层(层A)将为夹层(层B)牺牲(因此先于夹层腐蚀)。依此类推,夹层比芯具有更强的电负性,这也同样意味着夹层将先于芯合金牺牲性腐蚀。优选地,各层之间的电负性差值为至少50mV。尽管测试时发现有一些坑洞/腐蚀,坑洞只会最远渗透至外层(层A)和夹层(层B)之间的界面。
如果需要,水侧覆层和夹层可以由相同的基础合金但不同添加量的锌生产。例如,锌的添加量最高7重量%(优选最高5重量%)的基础合金用于水侧覆盖,锌的添加量最高5重量%(优选最高3重量%)的基础合金用于夹层。或者,锌含量可以相同,但用于形成层的基础组成可不同,以保证夹层合金和形成水侧覆层的合金相比更具电正性。
层C(芯层)
被选择用于芯层的金属在示例性实施方案中并不关键,可以是任何通常用于此类管道的金属。不过,其应优选比夹层电负性低(电正性更高,即更“贵重(noble)”)。因此建议在将待选合金用于芯层之前,进行电化学测试。这种测试可采用标准电极势能测量方法按照ASTM G69(其公布内容在此引用作为参考)进行。
然而,优选使用被专有命名法命名为“X90x系列”的合金,尤其是合金X902。这些是所谓的“AA3000系列长效合金”,因为其主要合金元素为锰(Mn)。这些优选合金的组成(按重量%计)如下文表2所示。这些合金具有良好的空气侧抗腐蚀性(例如在焊接层,即层D,流向连接处之后)以及良好的机械性能。它们被配制用于在芯合金和高硅铜焊合金之间的界面处生成致密沉淀物的牺牲带。该牺牲带促进空气侧腐蚀侧向发展,以此防止管道被从外部洞穿。
表2
元素 | X90x系列 | X902 |
铜 | 0.5-1.0 | 0.5-0.65 |
铁 | ≤0.4 | 0.14-0.24 |
镁 | ≤0.8 | ≤0.01 |
锰 | 0.7-1.9 | 1.45-1.54 |
硅 | ≤0.25 | 0.03-0.09 |
钛 | ≤0.1 | 0.005-0.030 |
锌 | <0.1 | ≤0.04 |
铬 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.01 |
铝 | 余量 | 余量 |
层D(空气侧覆层)
层D是在制造热交换器的过程中,用于通过焊接连接散热片的焊接层(如上所述)。可以采用低熔点的任何适宜的铜焊合金,并且通常是包含大量硅的合金,例如AA4000系列的合金。
此外,另一与用于层D的材料种类相同的层可以任选提供在水侧覆盖层A上的附加层(未示出)中。这样的层提供了附加的焊接层,例如,其目的与授予Vieregge等人的PCT专利公开No.WO2007/042206中所示的目的一样(该文件公开内容在此引入作为参考)。
各层的厚度不是至关重要的,但显然层B和层A的厚度越大,它们所能提供的腐蚀保护时间也就越长。对于管件材料(tubestock),芯层C的厚度一般为约150-1000微米。夹层B为芯层金属厚度的约10%,例如15-100微米,外层A可以同样通常是金属厚度的约10%,即约15-100微米。
包层金属板可以通过任何传统工艺制得,例如热金属涂覆或类似方法,或者可以通过热和冷辊压复合铸锭,例如按照Anderson等人的公开日为2005年1月20日的美国专利公开No.2005/0011630(该专利公开内容在此引入作为参考)的方法制备的铸锭。该工艺可以用来形成三层铸锭(层D、C和B),之后第四层(层A)可以在随后的热辊压之后,通过传统接合方法(如辊压接合)加在层B上。
包层板,一经形成,可以通过任何已知的管成型方法,例如折叠或焊接转化成管形式。包层板还可用于以传统方法形成集管(header)。
本发明的示例性实施方案将通过下面的具体实施例详细描述,但这样的内容并不是对本发明范围的限制。
实施例
各包层金属板以实验室规模进行制造,并加工成最终尺寸,部分退火并接受模拟焊接周期。将这些样品之后进行水侧腐蚀测试,以评估其抗腐蚀性。
样品的准备
覆层和夹层所用的合金被浇铸成尺寸为38mmx150mmx200mm的叠箱(bookmold)铸锭。每个辊压面都削去1mm。
可在各种场合用于芯层的合金X902被浇铸为95mmx229mmx1.25m的DC铸锭。该铸锭两端都被切除75mm的量,以去除不稳定态的浇铸金属。铸锭进而在各辊压面都削去4mm以除去浇铸壳区。
X902合金的6块铸锭(用作芯)的厚度为87mm,再次加热13个小时以上,由室温到540℃,并在540℃保持3个小时,之后按每通过一次减少6mm的速率,热辊压成约25mm厚。磨机的最后设定为24.3mm,以得到25mm厚的材料。
覆层和夹层合金的叠箱铸模放置于相同的炉中(均热3-4.5小时),辊压X902合金后,被热辊压降至约4.6mm。各组合所需的材料被冷辊压成所需的尺寸,得到所需的覆层或夹层厚度,在60℃的苛性钠中清洗,在自来水中漂洗,在50%的硝酸中去除黑色表皮。再经漂洗后用强风吹干。安装该组装并在一边上焊接,之后进行热辊压,之后在450℃的炉中再加热0.75-1小时,热辊压成约5mm。热带的段(即热金属加工停止以及进一步冷加工/冷辊压完成时的规格)被冷辊压成300μm厚,并进行用于管件材料的部分退火处理。这包括加热最高至250-300℃之间达13个小时以上,并均热6小时,冷却至室温。
所用合金的组成如下表3所示,所制备的样品(即所谓的组装)见表4。这些组装如附图3A和3B所示。需要注意的是表4中样品A至I包括夹层变量,而J至O不包括。样品J至O为比较目的进行测试,以显示3层体系的真实益处,即具有抗侵蚀和腐蚀的体系。
表3
(所报结果为重量百分比)
表4
三层的样品包括25mm厚的芯层,2.92mm厚的夹层以及2.0mm厚的覆层。两层的样品包括25mm厚的芯层和2.92mm厚的覆层。所有样品变体都加工成300μm,照上文描述进行局部退火之后进行焊接循环模拟。
腐蚀测试
样品经受所谓的“标准OY腐蚀测试”,该测试为基于ASTM D-2570模拟服务腐蚀测试(SSCT)(测试和标准所公开的内容在此引入作为参考)。测试方法评估循环测试溶液的效果(通常为Oyama或OY水——用来确定热交换材料水侧抗腐蚀性的标准测试溶液——参见下表5),或冷却剂对金属测试样品在有控制的、基本上等温条件下的效果。
表5
(OYAMA水)
ASTM水是一些研究人员在水侧腐蚀测试中优选的一项可选测试溶液。该溶液包括以其钠盐的方式加入的各100ppm的Cl-,SO4 2-以及HCO3 -离子。该溶液比OY水的方式要柔和,尽管没有包括在具体实施例中,但是所有的夹层组装在该环境中都表现良好。OY水被认为是更苛刻和强烈的环境,因此,在区分水侧抗腐蚀组装的好坏方面也就更好。
在标准测试方法中,OY水在由不锈钢池、不锈钢泵、连接管以及Teflon池组成的环流路中以140升/分钟的速度在85℃下循环240小时(相当于层流恒速为1.8米/秒流过各样品),该方法能够容纳并暴露6件75×25mm的样品。
在测试最后,样品从设备中取走,所有的腐蚀产物都通过硝酸去除。各样品之后接受金相和白光干涉(WYKO)评测,为腐蚀损坏程度定性和定量。WYKO表观分析结果汇成表格,并制成图像展示各样品最大坑洞的深度和密度。光学显微镜可以得到腐蚀攻击的程度和表明特征,即确定攻击是否是通过坑洞进行的,或者确定是否发生了颗粒之间的腐蚀。
进行6次模拟服务腐蚀测试,并将相关情况记录在下表6中。
表6
*标准流速140l/min,可以使溶液流过各样品表面的层等效流速为1.8m/s(或5.9ft/s)。
对各夹层变体的腐蚀损坏的WYKO分析见表7。水侧夹层厚度在三层组装中为20μm,在两层组装中为31μm。
表7
*10个最深的坑洞的平均值;N/M表示未测量
测试结果总结
测试样品的显微照片见附图的图4。该图涉及测试R1030,该测试方法将样品暴露在标准流速的100%的OY水中232小时。
这些测试显示在含有3重量%或5重量%锌的覆层下具有夹层的样品,当在SSCT测试中暴露于OY水时,,为了下层的芯材料而完全牺牲。
Claims (17)
1.一种多层金属板,包括具有第一面和第二面的铝合金芯层,其中所述芯层的所述第一面具有由含锌的铝合金制得的夹层,该夹层位于含锌外层和芯层之间,外层的合金比夹层的合金具有更强的电负性。
2.权利要求1所述的板,其中外层的合金的电负性比夹层的合金强至少50mV。
3.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述的芯层由合金制得,所述合金包含约0.5-2.0重量%的锰、约0.1-1.0重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、最高0.25重量%的硅、最高0.8重量%的镁和余量的铝,以及不可避免的杂质,如果存在的话。
4.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述的夹层由合金制得,所述合金包括约0.9-2.0重量%的锰、约0.002-0.7重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、0.5-2.0重量%的硅、最高7.0重量%的锌以及余量的铝,和不可避免的杂质,如果存在的话。
5.权利要求1所述的板,其特征在于所述的外层由合金制得,所述合金包括0.9-2.0重量%的锰、约0.002-0.7重量%的铜、最高0.4重量%的铁、0.5-2.0重量%的硅、最高7.0重量%的锌以及剩余的铝以及不可避免的杂质,如果存在的话。
6.权利要求1所述的板,其中外层由铝-锌合金制得,该合金包含最少3重量%的锌。
7.权利要求5所述的板,其中外层的合金包含3-7重量%的锌。
8.权利要求1所述的板,其在所述第二面上具有由铜焊合金制备的覆盖层。
9.权利要求7所述的板,其中在所述第二面上的所述覆盖层包括AA4000系列的铝合金。
10.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述夹层的所述合金包括铝和下列元素,其含量以重量%计:
。
11.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述夹层的所述合金包括铝和下列元素,其含量以重量%计:
12.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述芯层由包含铝和下列元素的合金制备,含量以重量%计:
。
13.权利要求1所述的板,其中所述芯层包含铝和下列元素的合金制备,含量以重量%计:
14.权利要求1所述的板,其中夹层的合金比芯层的合金具有更强的电负性。
15.权利要求14所述的板,其中夹层的合金的电负性比芯层的合金强至少50mV。
16.权利要求1-15任一所述的包层金属板制得的管,其中所述含锌外层形成管的内表面。
17.权利要求1-15任一所述的包层金属板制得的散热器件,其中所述含锌外层形成该器件的内表面。
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US20367008P | 2008-12-23 | 2008-12-23 | |
US61/203670 | 2008-12-23 | ||
PCT/CA2009/001835 WO2010071982A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2009-12-16 | Clad metal sheet and heat exchanger tubing etc. made therefrom |
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CN102264536A true CN102264536A (zh) | 2011-11-30 |
CN102264536B CN102264536B (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
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CN200980152458.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102264536B (zh) | 2008-12-23 | 2009-12-16 | 包层金属板以及由其制得的热交换器管道等 |
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US (1) | US8349470B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2376281A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5543489B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20110103436A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102264536B (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0923615A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2744616C (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2011006826A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010071982A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA201103979B (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2744616C (en) | 2013-05-28 |
ZA201103979B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
WO2010071982A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
KR20110103436A (ko) | 2011-09-20 |
US8349470B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
BRPI0923615A2 (pt) | 2016-01-12 |
CA2744616A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
EP2376281A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
US20100159272A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
CN102264536B (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
JP2012513539A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
MX2011006826A (es) | 2011-08-03 |
JP5543489B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2376281A4 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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