CN102257619B - 发光元件 - Google Patents

发光元件 Download PDF

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CN102257619B
CN102257619B CN200980145677.1A CN200980145677A CN102257619B CN 102257619 B CN102257619 B CN 102257619B CN 200980145677 A CN200980145677 A CN 200980145677A CN 102257619 B CN102257619 B CN 102257619B
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red diodes
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blue light
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CN102257619A (zh
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陈昭兴
洪详竣
王希维
梁立田
范进雍
钟健凯
谢明勋
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Epistar Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种发光元件(200),可使用高压交流电源,其包括:次载体(20),至少一个位于次载体上的电子元件(22),至少一个位于次载体上的蓝光发光二极管阵列芯片,至少一个位于次载体上的红光发光二极管芯片,至少一个位于次载体上的焊垫(26),以及位于次载体上的导电线路(28),其中导电线路使电子元件、蓝光发光二极管阵列芯片、红光发光二极管阵列芯片和焊垫形成电性连结。

Description

发光元件
技术领域
本发明公开了一种发光元件,特别是关于一种在次载体上至少包含电子元件与至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片并且可直接用于交流电的发光元件。
背景技术
发光二极管(light-emitting diode,LED)的发光原理是利用电子在n型半导体与p型半导体间移动的能量差,以光的形式将能量释放,这样的发光原理有别于白炽灯发热的发光原理,因此发光二极管被称为冷光源。此外,发光二极管具有高耐久性、寿命长、轻巧、耗电量低等优点,因此现今的照明市场对于发光二极管寄予厚望,将其视为新一代的照明工具,已逐渐取代传统光源,并且应用于各种领域,如交通标志、背光模块、路灯照明、医疗设备等。
图1为已知可用于交流电源的发光二极管照明元件结构示意图。如图1所示,已知可用于交流电源的发光二极管照明元件100包含次载体(submount)10、位于次载体10上的发光二极管阵列芯片12,以及与上述的发光二极管阵列芯片12形成电性连接的至少一焊垫14,其中上述的发光二极管阵列芯片12至少包含一基板120以及位于基板120上的多个发光二极管单元122。
若欲将上述已知可用于交流电源的发光二极管照明元件100直接取代一般照明装置,此发光二极管照明元件100必须在100伏特至240伏特的高电压环境工作,而长时间处于工作状态的发光二极管照明元件100容易产生温度过高的问题。在上述高温高电流(压)的环境中,电子元件往往容易产生电致迁移效应(electron migration effect),所谓“电致迁移效应”指的是经由温度和电子风(electron wind)加乘效应所造成的金属离子的移动。一般而言,温度愈高愈容易发生金属离子的电迁移现象。在发光二极管元件中,电子流在高的温度下会使得金属原子从电极扩散至活性区域,诸如氧化铟锡(Indium Tin Oxide,ITO)和银等电极材料就容易有电致迁移。此外焊料(solder)或细小金属连结亦可能因为电致迁移效应产生空洞(void),进而导致元件断路。
由上述描述可知,高温高电流(压)的工作环境大大地降低了可用于交流电源的发光二极管照明元件的可靠度。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种发光元件,其至少包含次载体(submount)、至少一位于次载体上的电子元件,以及至少一颗位于次载体上的发光二极管阵列芯片,其中上述至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片与电子元件形成电性连接。
本发明的又一目的是提供至少一位于次载体上的焊垫(bond pad),与上述的电子元件以及发光二极管阵列芯片形成电性连接,并且通过焊垫与高压交流电源供应器连接,以提供交流电源至发光元件。
本发明的再一目的是提供一发光元件,其中上述的电子元件可以是整流单元、电阻单元、电容单元或电感单元等被动元件,用以提高发光元件的效率。
本发明公开了一种发光元件,在此发光元件中具有至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片,且上述发光二极管阵列芯片包含串联或并联连接的多发光二极管单元。
本发明揭示一种发光元件,在此发光元件中具有至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片,且上述发光二极管阵列芯片包含多发光二极管单元,并且排列成一串接的封闭回路。
本发明说明一种发光元件,在此发光元件中具有至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片,且上述发光二极管阵列芯片包含多个发光二极管单元,多个发光二极管单元排列成多个串接封闭回路,其中任二相邻的封闭回路具有相异的串接方向,且此相邻的封闭回路具有一共用部分。
本发明另一方面披露了一种发光元件,其至少包含:次载体;至少一电子元件,位于该次载体上;至少一颗蓝光发光二极体阵列芯片,位于该次载体上;至少一颗红光二极体芯片,位于该次载体上;以及导电线路,位于该次载体上,并且分别使该电子元件、该蓝光二极体阵列芯片、以及该红光二极体芯片形成电性连接。
附图说明
图1为已知可用于交流电源的发光二极管照明元件结构示意图。
图2A为本发明实施例的上视结构示意图。
图2B为本发明实施例的侧视结构示意图。
图2C为本发明另一实施例的侧视结构示意图。
图3为本发明又一实施例的上视结构示意图。
图4为本发明发光二极管阵列芯片的侧视结构示意图。
图5A图至图5D为本发明实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片的制造流程示意图。
图6为本发明实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片的上视结构示意图。
图7A与7B为本发明实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片的电路示意图。
图8为本发明实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片的另一电路示意图。
附图标记说明
100照明元件                        10次载体
12发光二极管阵列芯片               14焊垫
120基板                            122发光二极管单元
200发光元件                        20次载体
21反射层                           22电子元件
23波长转换层                       24发光二极管阵列芯片
25封装胶材                         26焊垫
28导电线路                         300发光元件
30次载体                           31整流元件
32发光二极管阵列芯片               34电阻
36电容                             38焊垫
39导电线路                         400发光二极管阵列芯片
40基板                             42发光二极管单元
44电极                             46电性连接结构
500发光二极管阵列芯片              50基板
52外延叠层                         520第一导电型半导体层
522活性层                          524第二导电型半导体层
54二极管单元                    540发光二极管单元
540’发光二极管单元             542整流二极管单元
56电极                          58电性连接结构
580绝缘层                       582金属层
542a整流二极管单元              542b整流二极管单元
542c整流二极管单元              542d整流二极管单元
56a电极                         56b电极
具体实施方式
本发明揭示一种发光元件。为了使本发明的叙述更加详尽与完备,请参照下列描述并配合图2A至图8的图示。
图2A为本发明实施例的上视结构示意图,图2B为本发明实施例的侧视结构示意图,如图2A与图2B所示,发光元件200至少包含次载体(submount)20、至少一位于次载体20上的电子元件22、多颗位于次载体20上发光二极管阵列芯片(light-emitting array chip)24、至少一位于次载体20上的焊垫26,以及位于次载体20上的导电线路(conductive trace)28以串联或并联的方式电性连接上述的电子元件22、发光二极管阵列芯片24与焊垫26;其中,任二相邻发光二极管阵列芯片24之间具有一间距D,并且间距D大于10μm;优选为大于100μm;而上述焊垫26与一交流电电源供应器(图未示)形成电性连接,其中此交流电电源供应器提供一般家用100V至240V的高压交流电至上述发光元件200。
上述的电子元件22可以是至少一种单元,其选自电阻、电容、电感等被动元件(passive element)所构成的组。
图2C为本发明另一实施例结构示意图,如图2C所示,本发明的发光元件200亦包含位于次载体20上的反射层21,用以反射发光二极管阵列芯片24所发出的光线,而次载体20上更具有碗杯状凹陷结构29以容纳上述的电子元件22或发光二极管阵列芯片24;此外,上述的发光元件200还包含位于发光二极管阵列芯片24上的波长转换层23以及位于次载体20上且至少覆盖上述发光二极管阵列芯片24的封装胶材25。
图3为本发明另一实施例的上视结构示意图,如图3所述,发光元件300至少包含次载体30、位于次载体30上的整流元件31、多颗位于次载体30上的发光二极管阵列芯片32、至少一位于次载体30上与发光二极管阵列芯片32串联的电阻34、至少一位于次载体30上与发光二极管阵列芯片32与电阻34串联的电容36、至少一位于次载体30上的焊垫38,以及位于次载体30上的导电线路39用以使上述的整流元件31、发光二极管阵列芯片32、电容34、电阻36与焊垫38形成电性连接;其中,整流元件31包含至少一具有低导通电压及高逆向偏压的二极管单元排列而成的桥式整流回路,通过此整流元件31将交流电源供应器所提供的正弦波交流电(AC)转换为脉冲式直流电(pulsed DC)后供发光元件300利用;其中,具有低导通电压高逆向偏压的二极管单元可以是基纳二极管(Zener Diode)或萧特基二极管(Schottky Diode);其材料选自包含III-V族化合物或IV族元素,例如氮化镓(GaN)系列材料、磷化铝镓铟(AlGaInP)系列材料、或硅。其中,任二相邻发光二极管阵列芯片32之间具有大于10μm的间距,优选为大于100μm的间距;此外,上述焊垫38与一交流电电源供应器(图未示)形成电性连接,其中上述的交流电电源供应器(图未示)提供为一般家用100V至240V的高压交流电的电源至上述发光元件300。
图4为上述实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片的侧视结构示意图,如图4所示,发光二极管阵列芯片400包含基板40、位于基板40上的多个发光二极管单元(light-emitting diode unit)42、位于基板40上的至少两个电极44,以及以同向串联或并联方式使多个发光二极管单元42与电极44形成电性连接的电性连接结构46;其中,上述连接结构46可以是金属线(wire)或金属层,而上述的电极44用以与本发明发光元件次载体上的导电线路形成电性连接(图未示);不仅如此,此发光二极管阵列芯片400可通过控制发光二极管单元42的数量与连接方式使发光二极管阵列芯片400本身具有特定工作电压。通过上述发光二极管阵列芯片可弹性设计电压的特性,再配合多颗发光二极管阵列芯片400串联的设计,使本发明发光元件可符合一般家用100V至240V的电压条件。
参考图2至图4,以应用于一般照明系统的110伏特的交流电力系统的应用为例,前述的多颗发光二极管阵列芯片为一2x2排列的矩阵(如图3所示),其中至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片32包含氮化铟镓(InGaN)的发光层以发出峰波长(peak wavelength)范围介于440~480纳米的蓝光(定义为蓝光二极管阵列芯片);以及至少一颗发光二极管阵列芯片32包含磷化铝镓铟(AlGaInP)的发光层以发出峰波长(peak wavelength)范围介于600~650纳米的红光(定义为红光二极管阵列芯片)。在蓝光二极管阵列芯片上涂布可吸收发出的蓝光波长并转换为峰波长范围介于570~595纳米的黄光的波长转换层(定义为黄光荧光粉),例如为商用的YAG或TAG荧光粉(如第2C图所示),以混合发出白光。为达到不同色温(color temperature)的要求,可调整所述的蓝光及/或红光二极管阵列芯片的颗数、所述的蓝光及/或红光二极管阵列芯片的芯片面积、或所述的蓝光及/或红光二极管阵列芯片的二极管单元数量,或覆盖以可转换发出其他颜色的荧光粉,例如绿光荧光粉,以达到调整色温的要求。各实施例详列如下表所示,并举下表的第2实施例详述如后:
上表的第2实施例为依本发明的发出暖白光(warm white)的发光元件,其中,所有蓝光二极管阵列芯片的发光功率与所有红光二极管阵列芯片的发光功率比约为3∶1。所述的发光元件包含蓝光及红光二极管阵列芯片的颗数例如各为3颗及1颗。蓝光二极管阵列芯片中串联的发光二极管单元(定义为蓝光二极管单元)数量为8个单元,红光二极管阵列芯片中串联的发光二极管单元(定义为红光二极管单元)数量为12个单元。因此,发光元件的所有蓝光二极管单元与所有红光二极管单元的比例为24∶12或2∶1。并且,各蓝光及红光二极管单元的顺向偏压值分别约为3伏特及2伏特。因此,所述的各蓝光及红光二极管阵列芯片系为一24伏特的高压直流阵列芯片,且其所串联而形成的一整体2x2矩阵系为一96伏特的负载。在驱动时,上述的发光元件发出的蓝光及红光功率比约为3∶1。将此矩阵串联至一预定电阻及前述的具有桥式整流回路的整流元件,可形成一用于110V交流电力系统的发光元件。在本发明的实施例中,所有蓝光二极管阵列芯片与所有红光二极管阵列芯片的发光功率的比值约介于2至4,优选为介为2.6~3.4;或者所述的发光元件的所有蓝光与红光二极管单元的数量比值约介于4/3与8/3之间,以控制色温范围介于2000~5000K形成偏暖色系白光;优选为色温范围介于2000~3500K的暖白光。在本发明的另一实施例,所述的红光二极管阵列芯片亦可被多个串联的非阵列式红光二极管芯片所取代,所述的多个非阵列式红光二极管芯片串联的芯片数量相同于被取代的红光二极管阵列芯片所具有的红光二极管单元的数量;其中,各所述的非阵列式红光二极管芯片仅具有一所述的红光二极管单元,其顺向偏压值约为2伏特。
图5A至图5D为另一发光二极管阵列芯片的制造流程示意图。如图5A所示,提供基板50,并且以有机金属化学气相沉积法在基板50上形成外延叠层52,其中上述的外延叠层52由下而上至少包含第一导电型半导体层520、活性层522,以及第二导电型半导体层524,并且此外延叠层52的材料选自包含铝(Al)、镓(Ga)、铟(In)、氮(N)、磷(P)或砷(As)的半导体物质,例如氮化镓(GaN)系列材料或磷化铝镓铟(AlGaInP)系列材料。
随后,如图5B所示,利用光刻蚀刻技术蚀刻上述的外延叠层52,以定义出多沟槽53,由此在基板50上形成多个二极管单元54,其中上述二极管单元54包含发光二极管单元540/540’与整流二极管单元542。此外,二极管单元54除了可以外延成长方式直接成长于基板50,也可以二次基板转移(double substrate transfer)的方式,在移除原成长基板50之后,通过一粘着层或直接加压/加热的方式将二极管单元54接合至另一基板,以取代原成长基板50,例如为热传导系数或透光度较原成长基板50为佳的高导热基板或透光基板,以提高发光二极管阵列芯片的散热或光取出效率。以上述的红光二极管阵列芯片或非阵列式红光二极管芯片为例,其中的红光二极管单元优选为以接合方式通过金属、氧化物、或有机高分子等材料的粘着层接合至另一高导热基板或透光基板上。
接着如图5C所示,再次利用光刻蚀刻技术蚀刻上述的二极管单元54,使二极管单元54裸露部分的第一导电型半导体层520。
最后,如图5D所示,在基板上形成电极56,用以与先前所述的次载体上的导电线路(图未示)形成电性连接;并且形成多个电性连接结构58以电性连接相异二极管单元54与电极56。在本实施例中,电性连接结构58包含覆盖二极管单元54的侧壁的绝缘层580以及位于绝缘层580上的金属层582。
此外,在上述发光二极管单元540中,任一发光二极管单元540以第一导电型半导体层520通过电性连接结构58与相邻发光二极管单元540’的第二导电型半导体层524形成电性连接,并且排列成一串接的封闭回路,通过上述的步骤成发光二极管阵列芯片500。
图6为图5D中发光二极管阵列芯片500的上视结构示意图,如图6所示,发光二极管阵列芯片500包含基板50、位于基板50上的多个二极管单元54、位于基板50上的电极56a/56b,以及以串联或并联方式使连接相异二极管单元54与电极56a/56b的电性连接结构58。
上述的多二极管单元54,包含多个发光二极管单元540以及多个整流发光二极管单元542a/542b/542c/542d,其中电极56a通过电性连接结构58分别与整流发光二极管单元542a的第一导电型半导体层(图未示)以及542b的第二导电型半导体层(图未示)形成电性连接;而电极56b通过电性连接结构58分别与整流发光二极管单元542c的第一导电型半导体层(图未示)以及542d的第二导电型半导体层(图未示)形成电性连接。此外,发光二极管单元540排列形成串接的封闭回路,整流发光二极管单元542a/542b/542c/542d则分别连接于上述封闭回路中相异的端点w/x/y/z,以形成一桥式回路。
图7A与图7B为上述发光二极管阵列芯片的电路示意图,其中箭号方向为发光二极管阵列芯片电流通入时的电流路径方向,如图7A所示,当电流由电极56a流入发光二极管阵列芯片500时,电流会流经整流二极管单元542a、封闭回路中部分的发光二极管单元540(如箭号所示的路径)、整流二极管单元542c,并且由电极56b离开发光二极管阵列芯片500;相对于此,如图7B所示,当电流由56b流入发光二极管阵列芯片500时,电流会流经整流二极管542d、封闭回路中部分的发光二极管单元540(如箭号所示的路径)、经整流二极管542b,并且由电极56a离开发光二极管阵列芯片500。
图8为本发明实施例中发光二极管阵列芯片另一电路示意图。如图8所示,发光二极管阵列芯片800中多个发光二极管单元82排列成多串接封闭回路A/B及一共用回路C,其中相邻封闭回路的电性串接方向相异。在本实施例中,封闭回路A以顺时针方向串接,封闭回路B以逆时针方向串接,且上述相邻的封闭回路A与封闭回路B之间至少具有一共用回路C。不仅如此,发光二极管阵列芯片800还包含多个整流二极管单元84,分别与封闭回路A/B中相异的四个端点相连接形成一桥式回路,以提供整流功能。
以上所述的实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想及特点,其目的在使本领域的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,当不能以之限定本发明的专利范围,即大凡依本发明所揭示的精神所作的等同变化或修饰,仍应涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。

Claims (22)

1.一种可用于高压交流电的发光元件,包含:
次载体(submount);
电子元件,位于该次载体上;
蓝光二极管阵列芯片,位于该次载体上,其中,该蓝光二极管阵列芯片包含第一基板及共同形成于该第一基板上的多个蓝光二极管单元;
红光二极管芯片,位于该次载体上,其中,该红光二极管芯片包含第二基板及形成于该第二基板上的红光二极管单元;
导电线路,位于该次载体上,并且分别使该电子元件、该蓝光二极管阵列芯片、以及该红光二极管芯片形成电性连接;以及
多个整流二极管单元,
其中,该多个蓝光二极管单元排列成至少一串接的封闭回路,且该多个整流二极管单元分别连接于所述封闭回路中相异的端点。
2.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该电子元件为整流元件、电阻元件、电容元件或电感元件。
3.如权利要求2所述的发光元件,其中该整流元件由至少一具有低顺向电压与高逆向偏压的单元所组成。
4.如权利要求3所述的发光元件,其中该具有低顺向电压与高逆向偏压的单元可以为整流二极管或萧特基二极管。
5.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该多个整流二极管单元与该封闭回路形成桥式回路。
6.如权利要求5所述的发光元件,其中该蓝光二极管阵列芯片还包含电极,其中该电极分别与该多个蓝光二极管单元以及该导电线路形成电性连接。
7.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该多个蓝光二极管单元串接排列成多个封闭回路,其中任选二相邻的封闭回路具有相异的串接方向,且该相邻的封闭回路具有一共用部分。
8.如权利要求7所述的发光元件,其中该多个整流二极管单元与该封闭回路形成桥式回路。
9.如权利要求8所述的发光元件,其中该蓝光二极管阵列芯片还包含电极,其中该电极分别与该多个蓝光二极管单元以及该导电线路形成电性连接。
10.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,包含多颗蓝光二极管阵列芯片,串联或并联形成一特定的电位降,使所述的发光元件符合一般家用100V至240V的电压条件。
11.如权利要求10所述的发光元件,其中该次载体具有至少一碗杯状凹陷结构,用以容纳该电子元件与该多颗蓝光二极管阵列芯片。
12.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,还包含位于该次载体上的反射层。
13.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,还包含位于该蓝光二极管阵列芯片上的波长转换层。
14.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,还包含一封装胶材,位于该次载体上,并且覆盖该蓝光二极管阵列芯片。
15.如权利要求13所述的发光元件,其中所述的波长转换层包含黄色荧光粉或绿色荧光粉。
16.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该红光二极管芯片包括非阵列式红光二极管芯片,该非阵列式红光二极管芯片仅具有一个红光二极管单元。
17.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该红光二极管芯片包括红光二极管阵列芯片并具有共同形成于该第二基板上的多个红光二极管单元。
18.如权利要求17所述的发光元件,其中所有该蓝光及红光二极管阵列芯片所各具有的发光二极管单元数量比值约介于4/3与8/3之间。
19.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中所有该蓝光二极管阵列芯片与该红光二极管芯片的发光功率比值约介于2~4。
20.如权利要求19所述的发光元件,其中所有该蓝光二极管阵列芯片与该红光二极管芯片的发光功率比值约介于2.6~3.4。
21.如权利要求13所述的发光元件,其中该发光元件发出色温范围介于2000~3500K的暖白光。
22.如权利要求1所述的发光元件,其中该红光二极管单元通过金属、氧化物、或有机高分子材料接合至该第二基板上。
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US20120049213A1 (en) 2012-03-01
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WO2010088823A1 (zh) 2010-08-12
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KR20160095205A (ko) 2016-08-10
KR102116359B1 (ko) 2020-05-29
US9142534B2 (en) 2015-09-22
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CN101800219A (zh) 2010-08-11

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